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Wang J, Liu Z, Lin H, Jiao H, Zhao J, Ma B, Wang Y, He S, Wang X. Daily feeding frequency affects feed intake and body weight management of growing layers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103748. [PMID: 38670057 PMCID: PMC11068612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding behavior on feed intake and body weight in growing layers and the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing a scientific foundation for optimal feeding practices in growing layers' management. A total of 144 Hy-line brown growing layers of 10 wk old and similar body weight, were divided into 3 treatment groups with different feeding frequency and equal cumulative daily feeding amount: the once-a-day feeding group (F1) was fed at 9:00 am every day, with feeding amount of 150 g/layer; the twice-a-day feeding group (F2) were fed at 9:00 am and 13:00 pm every day, with each feeding amount of 75 g/layer; the 4 times-a-day feeding group (F4) were fed at 9:00 am, 11:00 am, 13:00 pm, and 15:00 pm every day, with each feeding amount of 37.5 g/layer. Pre-experiment lasted for 1 wk and formal experiment lasted for 8 wk. The results indicated that the daily feed intake and body weight were decreased (P < 0.05) while feed conversion ratio was not affected (P > 0.05) as daily feeding times increased. The glandular stomach proportion was significantly increased in twice-a-day feeding group, while liver proportion and ileum length were significantly increased in 4 times-feeding group (P < 0.05). Additionally, 4 times-feeding daily resulted in a significant elevation of blood glucose levels, which may have suppressed feed intake (P < 0.05). In 4 times-feeding group, the plasma triglyceride levels increased as feeding times, accompanied by a notable up-regulation in the mRNA level of appetite-suppressing gene, hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and glandular stomach ghrelin. This modulation effectively suppressed the subsequent feed intake and body weight. Therefore, 4 times feeding daily is recommended in growing layers' management, because it reduced the feed cost without affecting the feed conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zengmin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Baishun Ma
- Shandong Hemeihua Nongmu Co. Ltd., Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250102, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Sinochem Yunlong Co. Ltd., Jinsuo Industrial Zone, Xundian County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 655204, China
| | - Shuying He
- Sinochem Yunlong Co. Ltd., Jinsuo Industrial Zone, Xundian County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 655204, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Calik A, Emami NK, White MB, Dalloul RA. Performance, fatty acid composition, and liver fatty acid metabolism markers of broilers fed genetically modified soybean DP-3Ø5423-1. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103470. [PMID: 38301495 PMCID: PMC10846397 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Several genetically modified (GM) plants have been produced and approved by regulatory agencies worldwide for cultivation and commercialization. Soybean and its by-products are major components of poultry diets and approximately 74% of world production is obtained from GM soybean events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient composition of DP-3Ø5423-1 extruded full-fat soybean meal (FFSBM) and near isoline non-GM control FFSBM included in broiler diets. Also assessed were their effects on bird performance, body composition, intestinal morphology, tissue fatty acid profile, and mRNA abundance of fatty acid metabolism markers. A total of 480 Ross 308 d of hatch birds were randomly allocated to 24 floor pens in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with diet and gender as main factors. Birds were fed diets containing 20% of either DP-3Ø5423-1 or control FFSBM for 35 d. Data were subjected to a 2-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure of JMP (Pro13). No significant interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between treatment groups in terms of performance and carcass composition. Morphological measurements of the jejunum and ileum were not influenced by the SBM treatments. Dietary addition of the DP-3Ø5423-1 FFSBM resulted in higher monounsaturated fatty acid composition of the thigh muscle and abdominal fat. Moreover, dietary treatment had no significant impact on the mRNA abundance of metabolic markers ACCα, FAS, MTTP, SREBP1, PPARα, PPARγ, AMPK-α1, SOD, CAT, and GPx in the liver. In conclusion, our results showed that DP-3Ø5423-1 extruded FFSBM is nutritionally equivalent to non-GM near-isoline counterpart with a comparable genetic background as evidenced by feed analyses except for fatty acid composition. Furthermore, the findings of this study clearly indicate that the examined DP-3Ø5423-1 FFSBM yields similar bird performance as conventional FFSBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Calik
- Department of Poultry Science, Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Nima K Emami
- Department of Poultry Science, Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mallory B White
- School of STEM, Virginia Western Community College, Roanoke, VA 24015, USA
| | - Rami A Dalloul
- Department of Poultry Science, Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Ma Y, Cheng B, Zhou S, Wang Y, Jing Y, Leng L, Wang S, Li Y, Luan P, Cao Z, Li H. Comparative analyses of laying performance and follicular development characteristics between fat and lean broiler lines. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103250. [PMID: 37992620 PMCID: PMC10667750 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of high levels of fat in broiler breeder hens can have a profound impact on follicular development and laying performance. This study was formulated with the goal of comparing egg production and follicular development characteristics at different laying stages in the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF). The egg production was analyzed using the birds from the 19th to 24th generations of NEAUHLF; the follicular development characteristics were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using the birds from the 24th generation of NEAUHLF. The results showed that the age at first egg of lean hens was significantly earlier than that of fat hens in this study. While no significant differences in total egg output from the first egg to 50 wk of age were noted when comparing these 2 chicken lines, lean hens laid more eggs from the first egg to 35 wk of age relative to fat hens, whereas fat hens laid more eggs from wk 36 to 42 and 43 to 50 relative to their lean counterparts. No differences in ovarian morphology and small yellow follicle (SYF) histological characteristics were noted when comparing these 2 chicken lines at 27 wk of age. At 35 and 52 wk of age, however, lean hens exhibited significantly lower ovarian weight, ovarian proportion values, numbers of hierarchical follicles, hierarchical follicle weight, and SYF granulosa layer thickness as compared to fat hens, together with a significant increase in the number of prehierarchical follicles relative to those in fat hens. Gene expression analyses suggested that follicle selection was impaired in the fat hens in the early laying stage, whereas both follicle selection and maturation were impaired in the lean hens in the middle and late laying stages. Overall, these data highlight that fat deposition in broiler hens can have a range of effects on follicular development and egg production that are laying stage-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Bohan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Youdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Zhang X, Tang B, Li J, Ouyang Q, Hu S, Hu J, Liu H, Li L, He H, Wang J. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals mechanisms of restriction feeding on lipid metabolism in ducks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102963. [PMID: 37586191 PMCID: PMC10450974 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, excessive fat deposition is the main reason to limit the development of duck industry. In the production, the methods of restricted feeding (RF) were widely used to reduce the lipid deposition of ducks. The liver (L), abdominal adipose (AA), and subcutaneous adipose (SA) were the main tissues of lipid metabolism and deposition of ducks. However, the mechanisms of lipid metabolism and deposition of ducks under RF have not been fully clarified. In this study, in order to better understand the mechanisms of lipid metabolism and deposition in ducks under RF, a total of 120 male Nonghua ducks were randomly divided into a free feeding group (FF, n = 60) and RF group (RF, n = 60), then comparative transcriptomic analysis of L, AA, and SA between FF (n = 3) and RF (n = 3) ducks was performed at 56 d of age. Phenotypically, L, AA, and SA index of FF group was higher than that in RF group. There were 279, 390, and 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in L, AA, and SA. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that ECM-receptor interaction and metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in L, AA, and SA. Lipid metabolism-related pathways including fatty acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and steroidogenesis were significantly enriched in AA and SA. Moreover, through integrated analysis weighted gene coexpression network (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction network, 10 potential candidate genes involved in the ECM-receptor interaction and lipid metabolism pathways were identified, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), aldolase B (ALDOB), formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase(FTCD), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), squalene epoxidase (SQLE), phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), choline kinase A (CHKA), and elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids-like 2 (ELOVL2), which could play a key role in lipid metabolism and deposition of ducks under RF. Our study reveals that the liver might regulate the lipid metabolism of abdominal adipose and subcutaneous adipose through ECM-receptor interaction and metabolic pathways (fatty acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and steroid synthesis), thus to reduce the lipid deposition of ducks under RF. These results provide novel insights into the avian lipid metabolism and will help better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bincheng Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jiangming Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Ouyang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Bao Q, Wang L, Hu X, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Chang G, Chen G. Developmental Changes of Duckling Liver and Isolation of Primary Hepatocytes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1820. [PMID: 37889689 PMCID: PMC10252113 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the main site of fat synthesis and plays an important role in the study of fat deposition in poultry. In this study, we investigated the developmental changes of duckling livers and isolated primary duck hepatocytes. Firstly, we observed morphological changes in duckling livers from the embryonic period to the first week after hatching. Liver weight increased with age. Hematoxylin-eosin and Oil Red O staining analyses showed that hepatic lipids increased gradually during the embryonic period and declined post-hatching. Liver samples were collected from 21-day-old duck embryos for hepatocyte isolation. The hepatocytes showed limited self-renewal and proliferative ability and were maintained in culture for up to 7 days. Typical parenchymal morphology, with a characteristic polygonal shape, appeared after two days of culture. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining analysis confirmed the characteristics of duck embryo hepatocytes. PCR analysis showed that these cells from duck embryos expressed the liver cell markers ALB and CD36. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis also confirmed ALB and CK18 expression. Our findings provide a novel insight regarding in vitro cell culture and the characteristics of hepatocytes from avian species, which could enable further studies concerning specific research on duck lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Bao
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Laidi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Chunyou Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Fat digestion and metabolism: effect of different fat sources and fat mobilisers in broilers diet on growth performance and physiological parameters – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Commercial broilers have a short production cycle and a high requirement for energy (3000 kcal/kg in starter phase and 3200 kcal/kg in finisher phase). Therefore, the need to add energy rich lipids to their diet is inevitable. Digestibility of fat depends on its multiple properties: chain length, the composition of fatty acids, ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acids. The high cost of vegetable oils and less availability due to their consumption in human diet are the main reasons for searching cheaper alternative fat sources. Animal oils like poultry and fish oil are the by-product of rendering plants and after refining, they are used in poultry diets as an energy source. Due to presence of impurities and free fatty acids, the digestibility of animal fat is less. There is a limited amount of bile acids and lipase available during early age and when birds are reared on high energy diet (finisher phase). Supplementation of emusifier or lipase in broilers diet increase fat utilisation. Emulsifiers increase fat digestibility by increasing active surface area of lipid droplets. Lysolecithin and Lysophospholipids are produced from hydrolyses of lecithin and phospholipids by phopholipase A2. The bile acids mainly compose of cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and have strong emulsification properties. Triacylglyceryl acylase (lipase) is an enzyme involved in catalysis and the hydrolysis of lipids. It can be concluded that use of emulsifier and lipase in broilers diet improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histology in broilers.
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Du X, Lai S, Zhao W, Xu X, Xu W, Zeng T, Tian Y, Lu L. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the liver heterogeneity between egg-laying duck and ceased-laying duck. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:857. [PMID: 36577943 PMCID: PMC9798604 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the late phase of production, ducks untimely cease laying, leading to a lower feed conversion. Liver plays a vital role in the synthesis and transport of yolk materials during egg formation in birds. However, the molecular mechanism of liver in ceased-laying duck is far from clear, higher resolution and deeper analysis is needed. Sing-cell RNA-sequencing of 10 × Genomics platform can help to map the liver single cell gene expression atlas of Shaoxing duck and provide new insights into the liver between egg-laying and ceased-laying ducks. RESULTS About 20,000 single cells were profiled and 22 clusters were identified. All the clusters were identified as 6 cell types. The dominant cell type is hepatocyte, accounted for about 60% of all the cells. Of note, the heterogeneity of cells between egg-laying duck and ceased-laying duck mainly occurred in hepatocytes. Cells of cluster 3 and 12 were the unique hepatocyte states of egg-laying ducks, while cells of cluster 0 and 15 were the unique hepatocyte states of ceased-laying ducks. The expression mode of yolk precursor transporters, lipid metabolizing enzymes and fibrinogens were different in hepatocytes between egg-laying duck and ceased-laying duck. APOV1, VTG2, VTG1, APOB, RBP, VTDB and SCD might be activated in egg-laying ducks, while APOA1, APOA4, APOC3, FGB and FGG might be activated in ceased-laying ducks. CONCLUSIONS Our study further proofs that APOV1 and APOB play key roles in egg production, rather than APOA1 and APOA4. It is also the first to detect a correlation between the higher expression of APOC3, FGB, FGG and ceased-laying in duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang China ,grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Lai
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhao
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- grid.411527.40000 0004 0610 111XInstitute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002 Sichuan China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang China
| | - Tao Zeng
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang China
| | - Yong Tian
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang China
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Kim J, Semyalo D, Rho TG, Bae H, Cho BK. Non-Destructive Detection of Abnormal Chicken Eggs by Using an Optimized Spectral Analysis System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9826. [PMID: 36560195 PMCID: PMC9786918 DOI: 10.3390/s22249826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pressures, such as temperature and light intensity, food, and genetic factors, can cause chicken eggs to develop abnormalities. The common types of internal egg abnormalities include bloody and damaged egg yolk. Spectrometers have been recently used in real-time abnormal egg detection research. However, there are very few studies on the optimization of measurement systems. This study aimed to establish optimum parameters for detecting of internal egg abnormalities (bloody and damaged-yolk eggs) using visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectrometry (192-1110 nm range) and multivariate data analysis. The detection performance using various system parameters, such as the types of light sources, the configuration of the light, and sensor positions, was investigated. With the help of collected data, a partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was developed to classify normal and abnormal eggs. The highest classification accuracy for the various system parameters was 98.7%. Three band selection methods, such as weighted regression coefficient (WRC), sequential feature selection (SFS), and successive projection algorithm (SPA) were used for further model optimization, to reduce the spectral bands from 1028 to less than 7. In conclusion the results indicate that the types of light sources and the configuration design of the sensor and illumination affect the detection accuracy for abnormal eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntae Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dennis Semyalo
- Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Rho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Bae
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseoung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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9
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Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Liver Fat Deposition, Lipid Levels and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122219. [PMID: 36553486 PMCID: PMC9777756 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation on liver fat metabolism in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty broilers were randomly allocated into two experimental groups (6 replicates per treatment; 20 chickens in each replicate): the control group (CN), which received a basal diet, and the tributyrin group (TB), which received a basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of tributyrin. The experimental period lasted 37 days. The results showed that in the liver, broilers supplemented with tributyrin had higher content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05). Liver hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total lipid (TL) activity were significantly lower than in the TB group than that in the NC group. Meanwhile, the diet supplemented with tributyrin had more lipid droplets than the NC group, whereas the TB and NC groups showed no histological abnormalities in the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα), proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), LPL and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in the liver were significantly upregulated in the TB group (p < 0.05), while those of the long-chain acyl-CoA-synthetase 1 (ACSL1) mRNA between the TB group and the NC group were not different (p > 0.05). These findings indicated that the diet supplemented with tributyrin could increase fat deposition appropriately by promoting fat synthesis without causing liver tissue damage, which demonstrated that tributyrin can be considered a valid feed additive for broiler chickens.
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10
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Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhao L, Lin C, Wang J, Zhou B, Cheng J, Xu D, Li W, Yang X, Huang Y, Cui P, Liu J, Zeng X, Zhai R, Zhang X. Ovine RAP1GAP and rBAT gene polymorphisms and their association with tail fat deposition in Hu sheep. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:974513. [PMID: 36090178 PMCID: PMC9453205 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.974513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat deposition in the tail of sheep will affect its feed efficiency, which will increase the feeding cost. The purpose of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RAP1GAP and rBAT genes by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, the SNPs were genotyped by KASP genotyping assays to evaluate their association with tail fat deposition traits. The results showed that two intronic mutations of g.13561 G > A and g.1460 T > C were found in RAP1GAP and rBAT, respectively. There were three genotypes of GG, AG, AA and CC, CT and TT at these two loci, respectively. Association analysis showed that g.13561 G > A of RAP1GAP was associated with tail width, tail fat weight and relative tail fat weight (P < 0.05). The g.1460 T > C of rBAT was associated with tail width and tail fat weight (P < 0.05). Different combinations of genotypes also differed significantly with tail fat deposition traits. In the tail fat tissue, the expression levels of RAP1GAP gene was significantly higher in small-tailed sheep than in big-tailed sheep, and the expression levels of rBAT gene was significantly higher in big-tailed sheep than in small-tailed sheep. In the liver, the expression levels of RAP1GAP and rBAT gene was significantly higher at 6 months than at 0 and 3 months. In conclusion, RAP1GAP and rBAT polymorphisms can be used as a candidate molecular marker to reduce tail fat deposition in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bubo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panpan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Zhang
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11
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Chen P, Li S, Zhou Z, Wang X, Shi D, Li Z, Li X, Xiao Y. Liver fat metabolism of broilers regulated by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL via stimulating IGF-1 secretion and regulating the IGF signaling pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958112. [PMID: 35966703 PMCID: PMC9363834 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL (B.A-TL) is well-known for its capability of promoting protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, in particular, the abdominal fat deposition in broilers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In our study, the regulations of lipid metabolism of broilers by B.A-TL were explored both in vivo and in vitro. The metabolites of B.A-TL were used to simulate in vitro the effect of B.A-TL on liver metabolism based on the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (i.e., LMH cells). The effects of B.A-TL on lipid metabolism by regulating insulin/IGF signaling pathways were investigated by applying the signal pathway inhibitors in vitro. The results showed that the B.A-TL metabolites enhanced hepatic lipid synthesis and stimulated the secretion of IGF-1. The liver transcriptome analysis revealed the significantly upregulated expressions of four genes (SI, AMY2A, PCK1, and FASN) in the B.A-TL treatment group, mainly involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption as well as biomacromolecule metabolism, with a particularly prominent effect on fatty acid synthase (FASN). Results of cellular assays showed that B.A-TL metabolites were involved in the insulin/IGF signaling pathway, regulating the expressions of lipid metabolism genes (e.g., FASN, ACCα, LPIN, and ACOX) and the FASN protein, ultimately regulating the lipid metabolism via the IGF/PI3K/FASN pathway in broilers.
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12
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Carney VL, Anthony NB, Robinson FE, Reimer BL, Korver DR, Zuidhof MJ, Afrouziyeh M. Evolution of maternal feed restriction practices over 60 years of selection for broiler productivity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101957. [PMID: 35973347 PMCID: PMC9395665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V L Carney
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - N B Anthony
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - F E Robinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - B L Reimer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - D R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Afrouziyeh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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13
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Heijmans J, Duijster M, Gerrits W, Kemp B, Kwakkel R, van den Brand H. Impact of growth curve and dietary energy-to-protein ratio of broiler breeders on egg quality and egg composition. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101946. [PMID: 35671619 PMCID: PMC9168161 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg characteristics have an impact on embryonic development and post-hatch performance of broilers. The impact of growth curve (GC) and dietary energy-to-protein ratio of broiler breeder hens on egg characteristics was investigated. At hatch, 1,536 pullets were randomly allotted to 24 pens in a 2 × 4 factorial dose-response design with 2 GC (standard growth curve = SGC or elevated growth curve = EGC (+ 15%)) and 4 diets, differing in energy-to-protein ratio (defined as 96%, 100%, 104% and 108% AMEn diet). Feed allocation per treatment was adapted weekly to achieve the targeted GC and to achieve pair-gain of breeders within each GC. Breeders on an EGC produced larger eggs (∆ = 2.3 g; P < 0.001) compared to breeders on a SGC. An exponential regression curve, with age (wk) of the breeders, was fitted to describe the impact of GC and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on egg composition. Yolk weight was 0.8 g higher for eggs from EGC breeders than from SGC breeders (a−108.1*0.907Age, where a was 22.1 and 22.9 for SGC and EGC, respectively; R2 = 0.97; P<0.001). An interaction between GC and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on albumen weight was observed (P = 0.04). Dietary energy-to-protein ratio did not affect albumen weight in SGC breeders (42.7−56.2*0.934Age; R2 = 0.89), but for EGC breeders, a higher dietary energy-to-protein ratio resulted in a 0.9 g lower albumen weight from 96% AMEn to 108% AMEn (a−62.9*0.926Age, where a was 43.4, 43.2, 42.8, and 42.5 for 96% AMEn, 100% AMEn, 104% AMEn, and 108% AMEn, respectively; R2 = 0.86). Albumen DM content decreased linearly with an increased dietary energy-to-protein ratio, but this was more profound in EGC breeders (β = −0.03 %/% AMEn) than in SGC breeders (β = −0.01 %/% AMEn; P = 0.03). Overall, it can be concluded that an EGC for breeders led to larger eggs with a more yolk and albumen, whereas dietary energy-to-protein ratio had minor effects on egg composition.
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14
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Afrouziyeh M, Zukiwsky NM, Korver DR, Zuidhof MJ. Plasma metabolomic profiling reveals potential onset of lay biomarkers in broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101532. [PMID: 34823168 PMCID: PMC8626694 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the metabolic fingerprint of plasma during the onset of lay in broiler breeders were investigated. We used metabolomics to identify biomarkers of sexual maturity and to provide a comprehensive understanding of breeder metabolome during the pullet to hen transition period. A total of 36 pullets were used, in which 30 pullets were randomly assigned to one of 10 unique growth trajectories and 6 birds were assigned to an unrestricted group. The growth trajectories were designed using a 3-phase Gompertz growth model with 10 levels of BW gain in the prepubertal and pubertal growth phases ranging from the breeder-recommended target BW to 22.5% higher, in 2.5% increments. The BW trajectories were applied to each individual bird using a precision feeding (PF) system, which collected BW and feed intake data for each individual bird. The birds were classified based on age at first egg (AFE), and 12 pullets were chosen from the lower and upper AFE extremes (early and late onset of lay) at 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 wk of age to run repeated blood plasma metabolomic assays. The metabolomic profile data were collected using a direct-injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and steroid assays. Univariate analysis identified 87 differential metabolites between the early- and late-onset of lay groups at 24 wk of age and 104 differential metabolites between the pullet and hen groups. Further investigation of differential metabolites showed 15 potential biomarkers for pullet to hen transition by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, mainly consisting of carnitine and choline metabolites. Differential metabolites during the pullet to hen transition were mainly associated with lipid, energy, and amino acid metabolism pathways, which gave clues to the physiological and metabolic shifts resulting from sexual maturation. At 24 wk of age, the main pathways involved in differentiation of the early- and late-onset of lay groups were related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. These metabolites could be involved in biosynthesis of egg yolk precursors in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afrouziyeh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Nicole M Zukiwsky
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Douglas R Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Martin J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5.
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15
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Incharoen T, Roytrakul S, Likittrakulwong W. Dietary Germinated Paddy Rice and Stocking Density Affect Egg Performance, Serum Biochemical Properties, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Response of Laying Hens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress. Proteomes 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 34941813 PMCID: PMC8708272 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinated paddy rice (GPR) could be a good alternative feed source for poultry with stocking density and heat stress problems. A total of 72 Hy-line Brown laying hens raised under low (LSD, 0.12 m2/bird) and high stocking densities (HSD, 0.06 m2/bird) were investigated. Three dietary GPR levels (0, 74 and 148 g/kg) were used. It was found that average daily feed intake, hen-day egg production, and egg mass significantly decreased in the HSD group. The levels of serum glucose (GLU), phosphorous (P), corticosterone (CORT), total Ig, lysozyme (LZY), and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) in the HSD group were higher than those in the LSD group. Dietary GPR significantly affected GLU, P, alternative complement haemolytic 50 (ACH50), total Ig, and LZY. Moreover, CORT level significantly decreased in 74 and 148 g/kg dietary GPR groups, whereas SOD significantly increased only in the 148 g/kg dietary GPR group. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and 8607 proteins were identified. Proteome analysis revealed 19 proteins which were enriched in different stocking densities and dietary GPR levels. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR technique was successfully used to verify the differentiated abundant protein profile changes. The proteins identified in this study could serve as appropriate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tossaporn Incharoen
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12100, Thailand;
| | - Wirot Likittrakulwong
- Animal Science Program, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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16
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Dang DX, Yun KS, Kim IH. Achyranthes Japonica Nakai root extract supplementation improves apparent nutrient digestibility, caecum microbiota, and excreta gas emission in broiler chicks. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementing Achyranthes Japonica Nakai (AJN) root extract to the diet of broiler chicks on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, caecum microbiota, excreta gas emission, and relative weight of organs. A total of 270 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (42.11 ± 0.18 g) were randomly allotted into 3 dietary treatments according to the initial body weight. Each treatment had 5 replicate cages with 18 birds per cage. The experimental period was 35 days (starter, days 1-7; grower, days 8-21; finisher, days 22-35). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0.000, 0.015, or 0.030 % AJN root extract. The apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen (P = 0.025) increased linearly with the increase of the dosage of AJN root extract, while the counts of E. coli in caecum (P = 0.038) and excreta ammonia emission (P = 0.003) decreased linearly. However, the growth performance (P > 0.05) and the relative weight of organs (P > 0.05) did not differ among the dietary groups. In conclusion, AJN root extract could increase the nutrient digestibility and reduce the noxious gas emission by reducing the caecum harmful microbiota in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, 65383, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kwan Sik Yun
- Weve The State Apt, Synergen Inc, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - In Ho Kim
- Dankook University Department of Animal Resources Science, 477893, Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of), 31116
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17
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Dev K, Begum J, Biswas A, Mir NA, Singh J, Prakash R, Sonowal J, Bharali K, Tomar S, Kant R, Ahlawat N. Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals altered lipid metabolism and consequent health indices in chicken supplemented with dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum and mannan-oligosaccharides. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17895. [PMID: 34504213 PMCID: PMC8429770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev
- grid.505927.c0000 0004 1764 5112ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India ,Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211007 India
| | - Jubeda Begum
- grid.440691.e0000 0001 0708 4444College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145 India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- grid.505927.c0000 0004 1764 5112ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Nasir Akbar Mir
- grid.505927.c0000 0004 1764 5112ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- grid.418363.b0000 0004 0506 6543CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 India
| | - Joyshikh Sonowal
- grid.417990.20000 0000 9070 5290ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Krishna Bharali
- grid.417990.20000 0000 9070 5290ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Simmi Tomar
- grid.505927.c0000 0004 1764 5112ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Rajiv Kant
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211007 India
| | - Neeraj Ahlawat
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211007 India
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18
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Assersohn K, Brekke P, Hemmings N. Physiological factors influencing female fertility in birds. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202274. [PMID: 34350009 PMCID: PMC8316823 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fertility is fundamental to reproductive success, but not all copulation attempts result in a fertilized embryo. Fertilization failure is especially costly for females, but we still lack a clear understanding of the causes of variation in female fertility across taxa. Birds make a useful model system for fertility research, partly because their large eggs are easily studied outside of the female's body, but also because of the wealth of data available on the reproductive productivity of commercial birds. Here, we review the factors contributing to female infertility in birds, providing evidence that female fertility traits are understudied relative to male fertility traits, and that avian fertility research has been dominated by studies focused on Galliformes and captive (relative to wild) populations. We then discuss the key stages of the female reproductive cycle where fertility may be compromised, and make recommendations for future research. We particularly emphasize that studies must differentiate between infertility and embryo mortality as causes of hatching failure, and that non-breeding individuals should be monitored more routinely where possible. This review lays the groundwork for developing a clearer understanding of the causes of female infertility, with important consequences for multiple fields including reproductive science, conservation and commercial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Assersohn
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Patricia Brekke
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Nicola Hemmings
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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19
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Wu C, Chen C, Liu Y, Li H, Cheng B. Proteomic analysis of liver tissue between fat and lean broiler lines. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:211-218. [PMID: 33263412 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1847253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. The liver is the major site of fatty acid synthesis in chickens. Lipid metabolism in the liver correlates with the deposition of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Northeast Agricultural University broilers lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) provide a unique model to study the mechanisms of fat deposition.2. In previous studies, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of fat and lean broilers were evaluated across different developmental stages. Whether protein expression differences exist between the livers of fat and lean broilers is largely unknown. The current experiment used 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to screen expressed protein (DEP) spots in the liver tissues of NEAUHLF at one, four and seven weeks of age.3. Twenty-two DEPs were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS that were involved in lipid, energy, protein and amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, and transport.4. These data furthered the understanding of the fat and lean phenotypes of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - C Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - B Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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El-Bahr SM, Shousha S, Khattab W, Shehab A, El-Garhy O, El-Garhy H, Mohamed S, Ahmed-Farid O, Hamad A, Sabike I. Impact of Dietary Betaine and Metabolizable Energy Levels on Profiles of Proteins and Lipids, Bioenergetics, Peroxidation and Quality of Meat in Japanese Quail. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E117. [PMID: 33429863 PMCID: PMC7827141 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different diets were formulated with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (optimum; 2900, restricted; 2800 and low; 2700 kcal ME/kg diet) without or with (0 and 0.15%) betaine supplementation in 2 × 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of six experimental diets on performance, proteins and lipids profiles, bioenergetics, peroxidation and meat quality of Japanese quail. Therefore, 360 quails allocated into six groups in a 23-day experiment. Dietary betaine and ME levels did not affect the performance, meat energy indices (ATP and AMP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of Japanese quail meat. Dietary betaine and/or ME levels induced significant changes in serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterols (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), meat total lipids and cholesterol of Japanese quail. Optimum and restricted ME levels reduced total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) whereas dietary betaine increased ecosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and glutamine concentrations in breast meat of Japanese quail. Dietary betaine and low energy diet improved cooking loss, thawing loss (ThL) and water holding capacity (WHC) in breast meat of Japanese quail. Conclusively, dietary betaine improved meat quality of Japanese quail fed diets containing either restricted or low ME by enrichments the meat with omega-3 fatty acids and reduction of lipids levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M. El-Bahr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Saad Shousha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Wasseem Khattab
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalioubia, Benha 13736, Egypt; (W.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Shehab
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalioubia, Benha 13736, Egypt; (W.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Osama El-Garhy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalioubia, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Hoda El-Garhy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalioubia, Benha 13736, Egypt; (H.E.-G.); (S.M.)
| | - Shereen Mohamed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalioubia, Benha 13736, Egypt; (H.E.-G.); (S.M.)
| | - Omar Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Hamad
- Department of food Hygiene, Faculty of veterinary medicine Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt; (A.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Islam Sabike
- Department of food Hygiene, Faculty of veterinary medicine Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt; (A.H.); (I.S.)
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21
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Yang Z, Zhang C, Wang J, Celi P, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Mao X, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Yan H, Zhang K, Shan Z. Characterization of the Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Breeders With Different Egg Laying Rate. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:599337. [PMID: 33330722 PMCID: PMC7732610 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.599337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health, immunity and reproductive performances. However, literature about the relationship between microbiota and reproductive performance is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota of broiler breeders with different egg laying rate. A total of 200 AA+ parent broiler breeders (41-week-old) were separated into two groups according to their different egg laying rate [average egg laying rate group (AR: 78.57 ± 0.20%) and high egg laying rate group (HR: 90.79 ± 0.43%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), ovary cell apoptosis rate (ApoCR) and relative abdominal fat weight were lower (p = 0.01), while the hatchability rate of qualified egg was higher (p = 0.04) in HR group than that in AR group. Phascolarctobacterium abundance were lower (p = 0.012) in ileum of HR birds. Romboutsia (genus) in ileum was negatively related to the feed efficiency (r = -0.58, p < 0.05), Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) abundances in cecum were positively related to the egg laying rate (ELR) (r = 0.35 and 0.48, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.42 and 0.43, p < 0.05), while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Sphaerochaeta (genus) abundances in cecum were negatively related to the ELR (r = -0.43 and -0.70, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.54 and 0.48, p < 0.05), and positively related to ApoCR (r = 0.46 and 0.47, p < 0.05). Our results suggested that microbiota, such as Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) have positive relationship, while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Romboutsia (genus) abundances exert negative relationship with broiler breeders' reproductive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er City, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pietro Celi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguo Shan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er City, China
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22
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Dev K, Begum J, Biswas A, Kannoujia J, Mir NA, Sonowal J, Kant R, Narender T. Dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Mannan-Oligosaccharides Alter the Lipid Metabolism and Health Indices in Broiler Chickens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:633-646. [PMID: 33165834 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBA) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on lipid metabolism and consequent lipid profile and health indices in broiler chicken were investigated in this study. Supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 LBA/g feed in broiler chicken downregulated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, and upregulated expression of lipolytic genes. It caused decline of lipogenesis and increase of lipid oxidation which resulted in lower carcass fat content. None of the genes studied influenced fatty acid profile of chicken meat except the expression of stearoyl CoA (Δ9) desaturase-1 (SCD-1) whose upregulation increased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content at the cost of saturated fatty acid (SFA) content. The lipid metabolism indices of chicken meat such as ∆9 desaturase index (DI) increased in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU LBA/g feed, whereas no effect was observed on ∆5 + ∆6 DI. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU LBA/g feed in birds improved the health indices of chicken meat due to upregulation of SCD-1 expression. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU LBA/g feed in broiler chicken produced hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects with improved serum cardio-protective indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.,Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Jubeda Begum
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Jyoti Kannoujia
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nasir Akbar Mir
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Joyshikh Sonowal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Rajiv Kant
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - T Narender
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
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23
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The relation between liver damage and reproduction in female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4586-4597. [PMID: 32868003 PMCID: PMC7598027 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive failure associated with heat stress is a well-known phenomenon in poultry. High temperatures also induce various metabolic disturbances in many animals. Because the liver plays a central role in metabolism, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between liver and reproduction in Japanese quails exposed to high temperatures. In the consecutive 20-D experimental period, quails were treated with 25°C (control) or 34°C (heat) from 12:00 to 16:00. Eggs were collected for hatching. On completion of the experimental period, quails were humanely euthanized for hormone analyses (e.g., serum and ovarian follicles). Serum metabolites were analyzed using GC/MS. Liver and ovary samples were collected for mRNA levels, histomorphology, and metabolic analysis. Ovary and oviduct weights significantly decreased after daily heat exposure. The number and weight of hierarchical follicles also decreased. Consequently, egg weight decreased. Although there was no difference in fertilization rate, chick birth weight significantly decreased in the heated group. Corticosterone and 17β-estradiol in the serum significantly increased in the heated group. Yolk corticosterone and 17β-estradiol concentration and content were higher in the heated group. Ovary sterologenic enzymes gene P450scc and estrogen receptor expression level increased. The FSH receptor decreased in heat-stressed quails. MetaboAnalyst analysis indicated that high temperature affects propanoate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and histidine metabolism. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the liver increased in the heated group. The heated group also had an increased mRNA expression of AGPAT5, apoptosis gene caspase3, and the immunocytokine genes IL-6 and TLR4. However, NF-κB gene expression decreased. These results suggest that high temperatures affect lipid metabolism and apoptosis and cause inflammation in the liver. High temperature induced ovarian dysfunction, which resulted in the decline of hierarchical follicle number and weight, egg weight, and chick birth weight. The increased level of 17β-estradiol suggests liver damage. Protecting liver function from damage may assist quails cope in summer.
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24
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van der Klein SA, Zuidhof MJ, Bédécarrats GY. Diurnal and seasonal dynamics affecting egg production in meat chickens: A review of mechanisms associated with reproductive dysregulation. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 213:106257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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25
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Arrazola A, Widowski TM, Guerin MT, Kiarie EG, Torrey S. The effect of alternative feeding strategies for broiler breeder pullets: 2. Welfare and performance during lay. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6205-6216. [PMID: 31392331 PMCID: PMC6870554 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding broiler breeders to satiety has negative consequences on their health and reproduction. Alternative feeding strategies during rearing can improve welfare, although their implications during lay are not well understood. The objective was to examine the effect of rearing feeding treatments on the reproductive performance and feeding behavior of broiler breeders under simulated commercial conditions. At 3 wk of age, 1,680 Ross 308 pullets were allocated to 24 pens under 1 of 4 isocaloric treatments: 1) daily control diet; 2) daily alternative diet (40% soybean hulls and 1 to 5% calcium propionate); 3) 4/3 control diet (4 on-feed days, 3 non-consecutive off-feed days per week); and 4) graduated control diet. Feeding frequency of the graduated treatment varied with age and finished on a daily basis. At 23 wk of age, group sizes were adjusted to 40 hens, and 5 mature Yield Plus Males roosters were introduced to each pen. Pens were under the same daily feeding management and same diet during lay. The performance of broiler breeders (growth rate, body weight uniformity, and reproductive performance) was determined until 64 wk of age. At the end of lay, feeding motivation was examined with a feed intake test and a compensatory feeding test. Data were analyzed using linear mixed regression models, with pen nested in the models and age as a repeated measure. The laying rate of hens reared on the graduated treatment decreased slower compared to control hens, resulting in a higher cumulative egg production (178.2 ± 3.8 eggs/hen) than control hens (165.2 ± 3.8 eggs/hen, P < 0.01) by 64 wk of age. Hens reared on non-daily feeding treatments laid lighter eggs with relatively heavier yolks and had higher feed intake at the end of lay than hens fed daily during rearing (P = 0.02). In conclusion, rearing feeding treatments impacted the growth rate and body weight uniformity during lay, feeding motivation at the end of lay, and the laying rate and hatchability depending on hens' age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arrazola
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Torrey
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Van Blois L, Bentley A, Porter L, Prihoda N, Potter H, Van Wyk B, Shafer D, Fraley S, Fraley G. Feed Restriction Can Alter Gait but Does not Reduce Welfare in Meat Ducks. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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27
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Gloux A, Duclos MJ, Brionne A, Bourin M, Nys Y, Réhault-Godbert S. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic data related to the liver of laying hens: from physiological basics to newly identified functions. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:821. [PMID: 31699050 PMCID: PMC6839265 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At sexual maturity, the liver of laying hens undergoes many metabolic changes to support vitellogenesis. In published transcriptomic approaches, hundreds of genes were reported to be overexpressed in laying hens and functional gene annotation using gene ontology tools have essentially revealed an enrichment in lipid and protein metabolisms. We reanalyzed some data from a previously published article comparing 38-week old versus 10-week old hens to give a more integrative view of the functions stimulated in the liver at sexual maturity and to move beyond current physiological knowledge. Functions were defined based on information available in Uniprot database and published literature. RESULTS Of the 516 genes previously shown to be overexpressed in the liver of laying hens, 475 were intracellular (1.23-50.72 fold changes), while only 36 were predicted to be secreted (1.35-66.93 fold changes) and 5 had no related information on their cellular location. Besides lipogenesis and protein metabolism, we demonstrated that the liver of laying hens overexpresses several clock genes (which supports the circadian control of liver metabolic functions) and was likely to be involved in a liver/brain/liver circuit (neurotransmitter transport), in thyroid and steroid hormones metabolisms. Many genes were associated with anatomical structure development, organ homeostasis but also regulation of blood pressure. As expected, several secreted proteins are incorporated in yolky follicles but we also evidenced that some proteins are likely participating in fertilization (ZP1, MFGE8, LINC00954, OVOCH1) and in thyroid hormone maturation (CPQ). We also proposed that secreted proteins (PHOSPHO1, FGF23, BMP7 but also vitamin-binding proteins) may contribute to the development of peripheral organs including the formation of medullar bones to provide labile calcium for eggshell formation. Thirteen genes are uniquely found in chicken/bird but not in human species, which strengthens that some of these genes may be specifically related to avian reproduction. CONCLUSIONS This study gives additional hypotheses on some molecular actors and mechanisms that are involved in basic physiological function of the liver at sexual maturity of hen. It also revealed some additional functions that accompany reproductive capacities of laying hens, and that are usually underestimated when using classical gene ontology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gloux
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | | | | | - Marie Bourin
- Institut Technique de l'Aviculture (ITAVI), Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Nys
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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28
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Navarro-Villa A, Mica J, de los Mozos J, den Hartog L, García-Ruiz A. Nutritional Dietary Supplements to Reduce the Incidence of Fatty Liver Syndrome in Laying Hens and the Use of Spectrophotometry to Predict Liver Fat Content. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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29
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Wei Z, Li P, Huang S, Lkhagvagarav P, Zhu M, Liang C, Jia C. Identification of key genes and molecular mechanisms associated with low egg production of broiler breeder hens in ad libitum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:408. [PMID: 31117935 PMCID: PMC6532148 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overfeeding reduces laying performance in broiler breeder hens, which is associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis and systemic inflammation. To unravel the underlying mechanisms governing the effect of feeding regimes on energy metabolism and egg production, a transcriptomics approach was carried out for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ovary, liver and adipose tissues of broiler chickens under ad libitum and restricted feeding. Results It showed that 289, 388 and 204 DEGs were identified in the adipose, liver and ovary, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in phagosome pathway, lipid transport, activity and nutrient reservoir activity in ovary; steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathways in adipose tissue; and the metabolic pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and Jak-STAT signaling pathway in liver. Estrogen receptor 1, identified as one of important hubs by constructing PPI network, was up-regulated in ad libitum group, which would make more apolipoproteins be transferred to ovary. Conclusions High expression of VTGs, APOB, CYBB and CTSS in ovary would induce excess lipid deposit, oxidative stress and potential damage to ovulation. Our results contribute to understanding effects of feeding regimes on metabolic regulation during egg production of broiler breeder hens and also provide new evidence of metabolic regulation from integrated multi-tissue processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5801-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Purevsuren Lkhagvagarav
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cunling Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22# Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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30
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Simon Á, Gulyás G, Mészár Z, Bhide M, Oláh J, Bai P, Csősz É, Jávor A, Komlósi I, Remenyik J, Czeglédi L. Proteomics alterations in chicken jejunum caused by 24 h fasting. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6588. [PMID: 30941268 PMCID: PMC6440466 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is the longest part of the chicken (Gallus gallus) gastrointestinal system that is specialized for nutrient absorption. It is known that decrease in intestinal villi area or height in early age can cause a reduction in essential nutrient intake, which may lead to delayed growth and consequently poorer performance of broiler chickens. The small intestinal absorptive surface is known to be affected by various factors, among others things the nutritional state. In our experiment, we aimed to investigate the possible protein expression alterations that lie behind the villus area and height decrease caused by feed deprivation. A total of 24 chickens were divided into three groups, namely ad libitum fed, fasted for 24 h, fasted for 24 h then refed for 2 h. The morphometric parameters were also measured in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissue sections using image analysis. Differential proteome analyses from jejunum samples were performed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by tryptic digestion and protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Overall 541 protein spots were detected after 2D. Among them, eleven showed 1.5-fold or higher significant difference in expression and were successfully identified. In response to 24 h fasting, the expression of nine proteins was higher and that of two proteins was lower compared to the ad libitum fed group. The functions of the differentially expressed proteins indicate that the 24 h fasting mainly affects the expression of structural proteins, and proteins involved in lipid transport, general stress response, and intestinal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Simon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyás
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.,Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - János Oláh
- Farm and Regional Research Institute of Debrecen, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Jávor
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Komlósi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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31
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Zaefarian F, Abdollahi MR, Cowieson A, Ravindran V. Avian Liver: The Forgotten Organ. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020063. [PMID: 30781411 PMCID: PMC6406855 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is a multi-purpose organ, with involvement in bile secretion, and lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, as well as a number of other metabolic functions. This organ can adapt easily to changes in feed and the environment. Being at the centre of a number of digestive, metabolic and productive activities, it is essential to have a better understanding of this organ and the factors affecting liver functionality. Abstract Despite having huge responsibilities in avian species, published reports on the influence of dietary factors and other possible constraints on the size, development and function of liver are limited. Consideration of the factors that could influence and alter liver function is therefore of critical relevance. In the current review, aspects of liver structure and function, and the influence of feed restriction, anti-nutritional factors, structural components and feed additives on liver are discussed. Effects of feed technology techniques such as thermal treatment and pelleting, feed particle size and whole grain feeding on the liver are also reviewed. A discussion of lipogenesis and lipid storage in poultry is presented to provide a better understanding and to differentiate the normal pathways of lipid metabolism from abnormal (i.e., disordered) pathways. The liver is the main site of fat synthesis in poultry, but under certain conditions, excessive fat can accumulate in the liver and cause problems. Factors contributing to the fatty liver syndrome are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Aaron Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Characterization of Growth, Fat Deposition, and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Lean and Obese Meat-Type Chickens. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:101-111. [PMID: 32055204 PMCID: PMC7005403 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat deposition adversely affects poultry production. In this study, we investigated growth, fat deposition, and hepatic mRNA expression of 13 lipid metabolism-related genes in three unique breeds of meat-type chickens with distinct breed origins and genetic relationships. One was Nagoya (NAG), a native Japanese breed, whereas the others were White Plymouth Rock (WPR) and White Cornish (WC), which have been used worldwide as the parental breeds of common broiler chickens. NAG chickens were phenotypically characterized by slow growth, lean body fat, and high gizzard and liver weights. In contrast, both WC and WPR chickens were characterized by rapid growth but high percentage of subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat weight, resulting from high feed intake. Among the three breeds, WC had the highest percentage of pectoral muscle weight, whereas WPR was the most obese. Among lipid metabolism-related genes, the expression of PPARA, PPARG, and CD36 was mostly associated with obesity. These results provide basic information for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis related to growth and fat traits in an F2 population of the lean NAG breed and the obese WPR breed of meat-type chickens in future.
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33
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HAO E, Chen H, Ge S, Huang R. Effect of Feed Restriction and Photoperiod on Reproduction and LEPR, MELR mRNA Expression of Layers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E HAO
- Agricultural University of Hebei, China
| | - H Chen
- Agricultural University of Hebei, China
| | - S Ge
- Luannan County Vocational Education Center of Hebei province, China
| | - R Huang
- Agricultural University of Hebei, China
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34
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Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid-Related Transcript Expression and the Economics of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Rutin. Animals (Basel) 2018; 9:ani9010007. [PMID: 30583506 PMCID: PMC6357029 DOI: 10.3390/ani9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poultry makes a substantial contribution to food security and nutrition. A growing human population and rising incomes have resulted in an increased demand for white meat. Poultry is the fastest growing animal production sector. Rutin, a natural growth and health promoter, was used at three levels for broiler feed (0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg). Supplementing broiler diets with rutin, especially at 1 g/kg, has a variety of growth-promoting effects. It enhances antioxidant capacity and suppresses lipogenesis, thereby reducing fat deposition and serum lipid levels. The results demonstrate that the observed benefits can be achieved without compromising economic profits. Abstract The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.
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35
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Wen C, Yan W, Zheng J, Ji C, Zhang D, Sun C, Yang N. Feed efficiency measures and their relationships with production and meat quality traits in slower growing broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2356-2364. [PMID: 29669019 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed consumption accounts for the major cost of broiler production. Improving the efficiency of feed utilization is a primary goal in breeding strategies, although few studies have focused on slower growing broilers. Here, we recorded the feed intake (FI) during the fast-growing period (d 56 to 76) and measured the live weight, body measurements, carcass characteristics, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content of Chinese yellow broilers. Then, the residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for each individual. Pair-wise phenotypic correlations were subsequently calculated between feed efficiency traits and others. Finally, we separately selected the more efficient individuals based on RFI and FCR values to evaluate the impacts on the traits of FI, growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. The results showed higher correlations between FCR and production traits than with RFI, while RFI showed a moderate and positive phenotypic correlation with abdominal fat. FCR was weakly correlated with FI and slightly positively correlated with IMF content. The correlation coefficient between RFI and FI was 0.62, and that between RFI and IMF content was close to zero. Without increasing FI, decreasing FCR could effectively enhance the growth rate and market weight with no adverse effect on meat quality. In contrast, by improving RFI, FI and abdominal fat mass were significantly reduced and thus increased the yield with no unfavorable effects on meat quality. In consideration of consumer preference and overall economical benefits, RFI is a more suitable index to improve feed efficiency in slower growing broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Congliang Ji
- Guangdong Wen's Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd, Yunfu 527400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Guangdong Wen's Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd, Yunfu 527400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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36
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Parada R, Malewski T, Jaszczak K, Kawka M. Alternative Transcription of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in the Liver Is Associated with Fatness of Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Parada
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | | | | | - M Kawka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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37
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Jariyahatthakij P, Chomtee B, Poeikhampha T, Loongyai W, Bunchasak C. Effects of adding methionine in low-protein diet and subsequently fed low-energy diet on productive performance, blood chemical profile, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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38
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Murray GGR, Soares AER, Novak BJ, Schaefer NK, Cahill JA, Baker AJ, Demboski JR, Doll A, Da Fonseca RR, Fulton TL, Gilbert MTP, Heintzman PD, Letts B, McIntosh G, O'Connell BL, Peck M, Pipes ML, Rice ES, Santos KM, Sohrweide AG, Vohr SH, Corbett-Detig RB, Green RE, Shapiro B. Natural selection shaped the rise and fall of passenger pigeon genomic diversity. Science 2018; 358:951-954. [PMID: 29146814 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extinct passenger pigeon was once the most abundant bird in North America, and possibly the world. Although theory predicts that large populations will be more genetically diverse, passenger pigeon genetic diversity was surprisingly low. To investigate this disconnect, we analyzed 41 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear genomes from passenger pigeons and 2 genomes from band-tailed pigeons, which are passenger pigeons' closest living relatives. Passenger pigeons' large population size appears to have allowed for faster adaptive evolution and removal of harmful mutations, driving a huge loss in their neutral genetic diversity. These results demonstrate the effect that selection can have on a vertebrate genome and contradict results that suggested that population instability contributed to this species's surprisingly rapid extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma G R Murray
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - André E R Soares
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ben J Novak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA
| | - Nathan K Schaefer
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - James A Cahill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Allan J Baker
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - John R Demboski
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | - Andrew Doll
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | - Rute R Da Fonseca
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tara L Fulton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Environment and Climate Change Canada, 9250-49th Street, Edmonton, AB T6B 1K5, Canada
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.,NTNU University Museum, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter D Heintzman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Tromsø University Museum, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Brandon Letts
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - George McIntosh
- Collections Department, Rochester Museum and Science Center, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
| | - Brendan L O'Connell
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mark Peck
- Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | | | - Edward S Rice
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kathryn M Santos
- Collections Department, Rochester Museum and Science Center, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
| | | | - Samuel H Vohr
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Russell B Corbett-Detig
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Richard E Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. .,University of California Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Sabino M, Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Verini-Supplizi A, Bomba L, Ajmone-Marsan P, Cobellis G, Olivieri O, Pieramati C, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Oregano dietary supplementation modifies the liver transcriptome profile in broilers: RNASeq analysis. Res Vet Sci 2017; 117:85-91. [PMID: 29197252 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intensive farming of broilers involves stressful conditions that reduce animal welfare and performance. New dietary strategies to improve performance and meat quality include the administration of plant extracts. Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is known for its antimicrobial, anti-fungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. However, studies on diet supplementation with oregano are mainly focused on the evaluation of animal performance, while partial information is available on transcriptomics and nutrigenomics and, in particular, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is not widely applied. In this study we tested the effect of an oregano aqueous extract supplemented diet on gene expression in broiler chickens. Whole liver transcriptome of 10 birds fed with a supplemented diet versus 10 controls was analyzed using the RNA-Seq technique. One hundred and twenty-nine genes were differentially expressed with an absolute log fold change >1. The analysis reveals a massive down-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways in broilers fed with the oregano aqueous extract supplementation. Down-regulated genes could be associated to chicken lean line, suggesting the potential beneficial effect of oregano supplementation in reducing both abdominal and visceral fat deposition. Down-regulation of insulin signaling pathway related genes suggest that dietary oregano supplementation might be an option in obesity and diabetes conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Sabino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Verini-Supplizi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Bomba
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cobellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Camillo Pieramati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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40
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Chen X, Niu J, Geng Z. Gene expression and plasma lipid content in relation to intramuscular fat in Chinese indigenous Wuhua chicken. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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41
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Looi QH, Amin H, Aini I, Zuki M, Omar AR. De novo transcriptome analysis shows differential expression of genes in salivary glands of edible bird's nest producing swiftlets. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:504. [PMID: 28673247 PMCID: PMC5496224 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible bird's nest (EBN), produced from solidified saliva secretions of specific swiftlet species during the breeding season, is one of the most valuable animal by-products in the world. The composition and medicinal benefits of EBN have been extensively studied, however, genomic and transcriptomic studies of the salivary glands of these birds have not been conducted. RESULTS The study described the transcriptomes of salivary glands from three swiftlet species (28 samples) generated by RNASeq. A total of 14,835 annotated genes and 428 unmapped genes were cataloged. The current study investigated the genes and pathways that are associated with the development of salivary gland and EBN composition. Differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the expression of CREB3L2 and several signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development, namely, the EGFR, BMP, and MAPK signaling pathways, were up-regulated in swiftlets producing white EBN (Aerodramus fuciphagus) and black EBN (Aerodramus maximus) compared with non-EBN-producing swiftlets (Apus affinis). Furthermore, MGAT, an essential gene for the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was highly expressed in both white- and black-nest swiftlets compared to non-EBN-producing swiftlets. Interspecies comparison between Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus indicated that the genes involved in N-acetylneuraminic and fatty acid synthesis were up-regulated in Aerodramus fuciphagus, while alanine and aspartate synthesis pathways were up-regulated in Aerodramus maximus. Furthermore, gender-based analysis revealed that N-glycan trimming pathway was significantly up-regulated in male Aerodramus fuciphagus from its natural habitat (cave) compared to their female counterpart. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands of different swiftlet species reveal differential expressions of candidate genes that are involved in salivary gland development and in the biosynthesis of various bioactive compounds found in EBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Looi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Amin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Aini
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Zuki
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A R Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Wang H, Ni X, Qing X, Zeng D, Luo M, Liu L, Li G, Pan K, Jing B. Live Probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 Promotes Growth Performance and Lowers Fat Deposition by Improving Lipid Metabolism, Intestinal Development, and Gut Microflora in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1073. [PMID: 28659893 PMCID: PMC5466961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the beneficial effects of probiotics in animals. Even so, additional information should be obtained about the mechanisms by which a useful probiotic strain successfully exerts such beneficial effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the dietary supplementation of both live and disrupted Lactobacillus johnsonii (LJ) strain BS15 in broilers at different ages. Specifically, growth performance, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, intestinal development, and digestive ability of the broilers were assessed. A total of 180 1-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed into three groups. These chicks were fed diets supplemented with 1 × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) LJ per gram of feed (LJ group); 1 × 106 cfu disrupted LJ per gram of feed (D-LJ group); and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe liquid medium (control group), respectively, throughout a 42-day experimental period. The results demonstrated that LJ supplementation of feed had a positive effect on the average daily gain and starter feed conversion ratio. In addition, LJ supplementation of feed decreased serum triglyceride and low-density lipid cholesterol levels, as well as abdominal fat deposition. LJ also reduced the mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in the liver. LJ diminished the mRNA quantities of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase, as well as increased the level of serum high-density lipid cholesterol. LJ increased the mRNA quantities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, acyl-CoA oxidase in the liver, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. LJ also improved the intestinal development and digestive ability mainly by increasing the villus height/crypt depth ratio in the ileum. The probiotic increased the levels of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1, as well as the activities of trypsin and lipase in the jejunum and ileum. LJ exerted beneficial effects on the intestinal flora. Specifically, LJ markedly enhanced the population of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus spp. Moreover, the probiotic reduced the population of Enterobacteriaceae and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Slight changes caused by disrupted LJ were detected. These findings indicated that live LJ supplementation may promote growth performance and lower fat deposition in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Qing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Ya'an Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.Ya'an, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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43
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Salas C, Ekmay R, England J, Cerrate S, Coon C. Mechanisms of lipid mobilization towards egg formation in broiler breeder hens using stable isotopes. Poult Sci 2017; 96:383-387. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yin F, Yu H, Lepp D, Shi X, Yang X, Hu J, Leeson S, Yang C, Nie S, Hou Y, Gong J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulation of Gene Expression for Lipid Catabolism in Young Broilers by Butyrate Glycerides. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160751. [PMID: 27508934 PMCID: PMC4979964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Butyrate has been shown to potently regulate energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in animals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of butyrate (in the form of butyrate glycerides, BG)-induced lipid metabolism at the level of gene expression in the jejunum and liver of broilers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two animal experiments were included in this study. In Experiment 1, two hundred and forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups: 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BG diets (BD + BG). Growth performance was compared between treatments for the 41-day trial. In Experiment 2, forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups. The general experimental design, group and management were the same as described in Experiment 1 except for reduced bird numbers and 21-day duration of the trial. Growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipid profiles as well as serum and tissue concentrations of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were compared between treatments. RNA-seq was employed to identify both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and treatment specifically expressed genes (TSEGs). Functional clustering of DEGs and TSEGs and signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID-BR). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were subsequently conducted to further examine the expression of genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway identified by DAVID-BR. Dietary BG intervention significantly reduced abdominal fat ratio (abdominal fat weight/final body weight) in broilers. The decreased fat deposition in BG-fed chickens was in accordance with serum lipid profiles as well as the level of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the serum, abdominal adipose, jejunum and liver. RNA-seq analysis indicated that dietary BG intervention induced 79 and 205 characterized DEGs in the jejunum and liver, respectively. In addition, 255 and 165 TSEGs were detected in the liver and jejunum of BG-fed group, while 162 and 211 TSEGs genes were observed in the liver and jejunum of BD-fed birds, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis with both IPA and DAVID-BR further revealed a significant enrichment of DEGs and TSEGs in the biological processes for reducing the synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion of lipids in the jejunum, while those in the liver were for enhancing the oxidation of ingested lipids and fatty acids. In particular, transcriptional regulators of THRSP and EGR-1 as well as several DEGs involved in the PPAR-α signaling pathway were significantly induced by dietary BG intervention for lipid catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that BG reduces body fat deposition via regulation of gene expression, which is involved in the biological events relating to the reduction of synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion, and improvement of oxidation of lipids and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuejiang Shi
- Next Generation Sequencing Platforms, Clinical Genomics Centre, the UHN/MSH Gene Profiling Facility, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Steve Leeson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yu L, Wang S, Ding L, Liang X, Wang M, Dong L, Wang H. Lower ω-6/ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios Decrease Fat Deposition by Inhibiting Fat Synthesis in Gosling. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1443-50. [PMID: 27189638 PMCID: PMC5003969 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of dietary ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on lipid metabolism in goslings. One hundred and sixty 21-day-old Yangzhou geese of similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups. They were fed different PUFA-supplemented diets (the 4 diets had ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratios of 12:1, 9:1, 6:1, or 3:1). The geese were slaughtered and samples of liver and muscle were collected at day 70. The activities and the gene expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were measured. The results show that the activities of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), malic enzyme (ME), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were lower (p<0.05), but the activities of hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were higher (p<0.05), in the liver and the muscle from the 3:1 and 6:1 groups compared with those in the 9:1 and 12:1 groups. Expression of the genes for FAS (p<0.01), ME (p<0.01) and ACC (p<0.05) were higher in the muscle of groups fed diets with higher ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratios. Additionally, in situ hybridization tests showed that the expression intensities of the high density lipoprotein (HDL-R) gene in the 12:1 and 9:1 groups were significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of the 3:1 group in the muscle of goslings. In conclusion, diets containing lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratios (3:1 or 6:1) could decrease fat deposition by inhibiting fat synthesis in goslings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuai Yu
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunan Wang
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luoyang Ding
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Mengzhi Wang
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Dong
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Ding Y, Bu X, Zhang N, Li L, Zou X. Effects of metabolizable energy and crude protein levels on laying performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of Fengda-1 layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:93-98. [PMID: 29767009 PMCID: PMC5941022 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ME and CP levels on laying performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of Fengda-1 layers. In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, 2,400 Fengda-1 layers (32 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 6 experimental diets with 2,650 and 2,750 kcal of ME/kg of diet, each containing 14.50%, 15.00% and 15.50% CP, respectively. Each dietary treatment was replicated 5 times, and feed and water were provided ad libitum. The trial lasted for 10 wk, including a 2-week acclimation period and an 8-week experimental period. Our results showed that ADFI decreased as the ME level of diet increased from 2,650 to 2,750 kcal/kg (P < 0.05). Layers fed diets with 2,750 kcal/kg ME exhibited higher mortality than those fed with 2,650 kcal/kg ME (P < 0.05). Birds fed with 14.50% and 15.00% CP had higher egg production (EP) and egg mass (EM) than those fed with 15.50% CP (P < 0.05). Yolk color increased as the ME level of the diet increased from 2,650 to 2,750 kcal/kg, however, the eggshell thickness decreased (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of uric acid and triglyceride in layers fed diets with 2,750 kcal/kg ME were higher than those fed diets with 2,650 kcal/kg ME (P < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between ME and CP on laying performance, egg quality, or serum biochemical indices (P > 0.05). Based on the data under the experimental conditions, the optimal dietary ME and CP levels of Fengda-1 layers are 2,650 kcal/kg and 15.00% (33 to 41 wk of age).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingchen Bu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhou M, Zeng D, Ni X, Tu T, Yin Z, Pan K, Jing B. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:48. [PMID: 26957116 PMCID: PMC4782583 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, has cost the poultry industry $2 billion in losses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus licheniformis as dietary supplement on the growth, serum antioxidant status, and expression of lipid-metabolism genes of broiler chickens with C. perfringens-induced NE. Methods A total of 240 one-day-old broilers were randomly grouped into four: a negative control, an NE experimental model (PC), chickens fed a diet supplemented with 30 % of fishmeal from day 14 onwards and challenged with coccidiosis vaccine (FC), and NE group supplied with feed containing 1.0 × 106 CFU/g B. licheniformis (BL). Results Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, serum antioxidant status, and lipid-metabolism-gene expression were analyzed. In the PC group, FCR increased significantly whereas serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased compared with NC group. Dietary B. licheniformis supplementation improved FCR and oxidative stress in experimental avian NE. Using Bacillus licheniformis as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) could also significantly upregulate catabolism-related genes, namely, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, in livers and changed the expression of lipid-anabolism genes. Conclusion These results suggested that dietary B. licheniformis supplementation can enhance growth and antioxidant ability, as well as change the expression of genes related to fatty-acid synthesis and oxidation in the livers of NE-infected broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhou
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Teng Tu
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Institute, College of Animal Science and technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ramiah SK, Meng GY, Ebrahimi M. Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Hepatic Cells of Broiler Chicken Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acids. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Department of Animal Production, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Y. Meng
- Department of Animal Production, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Differential lipid metabolic requirements of sexually-mature males and females may influence the regulation of lipid metabolism-associated genes and hence the content of adipose tissue. We measured the expression of eight lipid metabolism-associated genes (fatty acid synthase, FASN; acylglycerol- 3- phosphate O-acyltransferase 9, AGPAT9; peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ, PPARγ; lipoprotein lipase, LPL; carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A, CPT1A; carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 B, CPT1B; acyl-COA dehydrogenase long chain, ACADL; monoglyceride lipase, MGL) in eight tissues (hypothalamus, HYP; liver; heart; pectoralis major muscle, PM; gastrocnemius muscle, GAS; abdominal fat, AF; clavicular fat, CF; subcutaneous fat, SF) of five male and five female white feather chickens using real time PCR at 217 d (when the females were at peak egg production). There were no difference between sexes, nor were there sex by tissue interactions for CPT1A and MGL. In both cases expression was greater for liver than the other tissues. When interactions of sex by tissue were significant, the FASN mRNA abundance in HYP, liver, and PM was greater for females than males. There was no sexual dimorphism for any tissue for PPARγ. Overall values were greater for adipose depots than HYP and liver with muscles intermediate for AGPAT9. LPL mRNA abundance in PM and AF was greater for females than males, with the pattern reversed for heart and SF. CPT1B mRNA abundance in GAS and CF was greater for females than males, with the relationship reversed for liver. ACADL mRNA abundance in HYP, liver, and GAS was greater for females than males, and lower in PM than males. The results demonstrated that expression of lipid metablism–associated genes varies among sexes in mature chickens depending on the gene and the tissue.
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Nie CX, Zhang WJ, Ge WX, Liu YF, Wang YQ, Liu JC. Effect of Cottonseed Meal Fermented with Yeast on the Lipid-related Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635xspecialissuenutrition-poultryfeedingadditives057-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CX Nie
- Shihezi University, China
| | | | - WX Ge
- Shihezi University, China
| | - YF Liu
- Shihezi University, China
| | | | - JC Liu
- Shihezi University, China
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