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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The Effect of Bioactive Aliment Compounds and Micronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040903. [PMID: 37107278 PMCID: PMC10136128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we focused on identifying aliment compounds and micronutrients, as well as addressed promising bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD advance and ultimately affect this disease progress. In this regard, we targeted: 1. Potential bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD, specifically dark chocolate, cocoa butter, and peanut butter which may be involved in decreasing cholesterol concentrations. 2. The role of sweeteners used in coffee and other frequent beverages; in this sense, stevia has proven to be adequate for improving carbohydrate metabolism, liver steatosis, and liver fibrosis. 3. Additional compounds were shown to exert a beneficial action on NAFLD, namely glutathione, soy lecithin, silymarin, Aquamin, and cannabinoids which were shown to lower the serum concentration of triglycerides. 4. The effects of micronutrients, especially vitamins, on NAFLD. Even if most studies demonstrate the beneficial role of vitamins in this pathology, there are exceptions. 5. We provide information regarding the modulation of the activity of some enzymes related to NAFLD and their effect on this disease. We conclude that NAFLD can be prevented or improved by different factors through their involvement in the signaling, genetic, and biochemical pathways that underlie NAFLD. Therefore, exposing this vast knowledge to the public is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Dietary Grape Pomace Supplementation in Lambs Affects the Meat Fatty Acid Composition, Volatile Profiles and Oxidative Stability. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061257. [PMID: 36981183 PMCID: PMC10048055 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing grape pomace (GP) in lambs’ diets. A total of 30 lambs homogeneous for body weight (13.1 ± 2.1 kg) and age (25–30 days) were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group (CTR) received a standard diet for 45 days, while in the same period the experimental group (GP+) was fed with a diet containing 10% GP on a dry matter (DM) basis. The meat samples from the two groups showed no significant differences in drip loss, cooking loss, meat color and total lipid amount. However, the experimental feeding strategy influenced the meat fatty acid composition, with an increase in the relative percentages of stearic, vaccenic and rumenic acids. In particular, the increase in rumenic acids is associated with several health benefits attributed to its high bioactive properties. In cooked meat samples stored for 5 days at 4 °C, the dietary GP supplementation induced an increase in nonanal and 1-octen-3-ol and a significant reduction of hexanal, an indicator of oxidation; this improved resistance to oxidation in the GP+ samples and was also confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) test. In summary, the present study showed that the dietary GP supplementation was effective in improving the fatty acid composition and the oxidative stability of lamb meat. The use and valorization of the GP as a matrix of interest for zootechnical nutrition can, therefore, represent a suitable strategy for improving the qualitative aspects of animal production.
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do Nascimento SPO, da Silva APR, de Sant'ana AS, Rodrigues BR, Quadros CP, de Moraes SA, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, Felix WP, de Souza EJO, Menezes DR. Condensed tannins to increase bioactive fatty acids in the milk from Canindé, Repartida, and Saanen goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:318. [PMID: 36151344 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive fatty acids present in goat milk have the ability to reduce the risks of coronary heart disease in humans, and condensed tannins (CT) can modulate the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) biohydrogenation process in the rumen and consequently increase the levels of these fatty acids. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the inclusion of CT in the diet for Canindé, Repartida, and Saanen goats to increase the level of bioactive fatty acids in milk. Twenty-two lactating does of three genetic groups, six Canindé, eight Repartida, and eight Saanen, were randomly assigned in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of three genetic groups and two diets (control and with 50 g CT/kg DM). The inclusion of CT in the diet did not change (P > 0.05) nutrient intake and performance. However, the inclusion of CT promoted an increase (P < 0.05) in C14:1; cis-9; C18:2n6; C18:3n6; C18:3n3; PUFA; and long-chain fatty acids and reduction (P < 0.05) of C11; C12; C14; ω6/ω3; and atherogenicity index in milk fat. Thus, it is recommended to include CT in the diet for Canindé, Repartida, and Saanen goats to increase the level of bioactive fatty acids in milk. The inclusion of the tannins of Acacia mearnsii promoted an increase in C14:1; cis-9; C18:2n6; C18:3n6; C18:3n3; polyunsaturated fatty acid; and long-chain fatty acids and reduction of C11; C12; C14; ω6/ω3; and atherogenicity index in milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Silva de Sant'ana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences in Semiarid, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Cedenir Pereira Quadros
- Department of the Pharmacy Course, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Technology and Food Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Wagner Pereira Felix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Ribeiro Menezes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences in Semiarid, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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Stawarska A, Czerwonka M, Jelińska M, Piasecka I, Bobrowska-Korczak B. The Influence of Supplementation with Zinc in Micro and Nano Forms on the Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Livers of Rats with Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113821. [PMID: 34836077 PMCID: PMC8623502 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation (in the form of nano or microparticles) on the profile and metabolism of fatty acids in the liver microsomes of rats with induced breast cancer. The activity of desaturases (Δ5, Δ6, Δ9) and the level of cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives were measured. The aim of this study was also to determine the effect of various forms of zinc supplements on rats that were on 5-, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (5-, 12- and 15-HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) acids, and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Female Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into 2 groups that were supplemented with zinc in the micro form (342 nm) or nano form (99 nm) particles, respectively, and a group with a standard diet (control group). All animals received 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene twice for the induction of breast cancer. Dietary nano-Zn supplementation increased vaccenic acid content (p = 0.032) and decreased Δ6-desaturase activity (p = 0.006), whereas micro-Zn increased cholesterol (p = 0.006), ∑COPs (total cholesterol-oxidation products) (p = 0.019) and PGE2 (p = 0.028) content. Dietary enrichment with Zn microparticles resulted in lower concentrations of the metabolites 15-, 12- and 5-HETE and HODE. Our study indicates that the effect of zinc supplementation on the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver microsomes under neoplastic conditions depends on the form in which it is administered.
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Pipoyan D, Stepanyan S, Stepanyan S, Beglaryan M, Costantini L, Molinari R, Merendino N. The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns. Foods 2021; 10:2452. [PMID: 34681504 PMCID: PMC8535577 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on human organisms can vary according to their type, structure, composition, and origin. Even though the adverse health effects of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) have been widely discussed, the health effects of natural TFAs (nTFAs) are still questionable. Hence, it is important to review the literature and provide an overall picture on the health effects of different TFAs coming from industrial and ruminant sources, underlining those types that have adverse health effects as well as suggesting methods for reducing their harmful effects. Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, etc.) were searched with the key words "trans fatty acid sources", "ruminant", "industrial", "conjugated trans linoleic acid", "human", "coronary heart disease", "cancer", etc. Reference lists of the studies were scanned discussing the health effects of iTFAs and nTFAs. The review of the literature showed that iTFAs are found to be more harmful than ruminant-produced nTFAs. Although several beneficial effects (such as reduced risk of diabetes) for nTFAs have been observed, they should be used with caution. Since during labeling it is usually not mentioned whether the TFAs contained in food are of industrial or natural origin, the general suggestion is to reduce their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Stella Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Seda Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Meline Beglaryan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Lara Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Romina Molinari
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.C.); (R.M.)
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Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal biohydrogenation and increases transfer efficiencies of unsaturated fatty acids from feed to milk. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:333-341. [PMID: 33005767 PMCID: PMC7503786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in a total mixed ration (TMR) based diet on fatty acid (FA) reticular inflow and milk FA profile of dairy cows was investigated. The experiment followed a crossover design with 2 dietary treatments. The control diet consisted of grass silage, corn silage, concentrate and linseed. In the sainfoin diet, half of the grass silage was replaced by a sainfoin silage. Six rumen cannulated lactating multiparous dairy cows with a metabolic body weight of 132.5 ± 3.6 kg BW0.75, 214 ± 72 d in milk and an average milk production of 23.1 ± 2.8 kg/d were used in the experiment. Cows were paired based on parity and milk production. Within pairs, cows were randomly assigned to either the control diet or the sainfoin diet for 2 experimental periods (29 d per period). In each period, the first 21 d, cows were housed individually in tie-stalls for adaptation, then next 4 d cows were housed individually in climate-controlled respiration chambers to measure CH4. During the last 4 d, cows were housed individually in tie stalls to measure milk FA profile and determine FA reticular inflow using the reticular sampling technique with Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) and Yb-acetate used as digesta flow markers. Although the dietary C18:3n-3 intake was lower (P = 0.025) in the sainfoin diet group, the mono-unsaturated FA reticular inflow was greater (P = 0.042) in cows fed the sainfoin diet. The reticular inflow of trans-9, trans-12-C18:2 and cis-12, trans-10 C18:2 was greater (P ≤ 0.024) in the sainfoin diet group. The cows fed sainfoin diet had a lower (P ≤ 0.038) apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of cis-9-C18:1 and C18:3n-3, compared to the cows fed the control diet. The sainfoin diet group had greater (P ≤ 0.018) C18:3n-3 and cis-9, cis-12-C18:2 proportions in the milk FA profile compared to the control diet group. Transfer efficiencies from feed to milk of C18:2, C18:3n-3 and unsaturated FA were greater (P ≤ 0.0179) for the sainfoin diet. Based on the results, it could be concluded that replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation and improves milk FA profile.
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Chen J, Liu H. Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165695. [PMID: 32784511 PMCID: PMC7460856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats are generally fatty acids that may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In nature, fatty acids occur in the form of mixtures of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), so their nutritional and/or medicinal values must be determined. Herein, we do not consider the classic indices, such as ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA; instead, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of indices used in recent years, including the PUFA/SFA, index of atherogenicity (IA), the index of thrombogenicity (IT), the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), the health-promoting index (HPI), the unsaturation index (UI), the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA), fish lipid quality/flesh lipid quality (FLQ), the linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) ratio, and trans fatty acid (TFA). Of these nutritional indices, IA and IT are the most commonly used to assess the composition of fatty acids as they outline significant implications and provide clear evidence. EPA + DHA is commonly used to assess the nutritional quality of marine animal products. All indices have their advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice of which to use is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-82031823
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Effect of Supplementation of Herd Diet with Olive Cake on the Composition Profile of Milk and on the Composition, Quality and Sensory Profile of Cheeses Made Therefrom. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060977. [PMID: 32512814 PMCID: PMC7341197 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Replacing conventional feed with waste biomass produced by crop-industrial processes can be a good practice for the sustainability of crop-livestock systems and an interesting solution for their disposal—as long as they maintain the quality of products. Considering the relationship between feeding management and qualitative profile in products of animal origin, the aim of our study was to assess the effect of dietary olive cake supplementation on nutritional quality, fatty acid composition, volatile and sensory profile of milk and the cheese produced by dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on eighty-four healthy dairy Friesian cows, divided into two homogenous groups. Animals were fed with a conventional diet (CTR group) and a conventional diet supplemented with dried olive cake (OC group). Data showed that olive cake utilization in the diet of lactating dairy cows may modify the quality of dairy products. The increased unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, vaccenic acid and CLA) and decreased SFA (short- and medium-chain fatty acids) suggest a positive role of olive cake in improving the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of the cheese. Moreover, the olive cake affected not only the volatile profile of the cheese, but also its appearance, smell and taste, which are associated with a higher score of acceptance. Abstract Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary dried partially destoned olive cake supplement on nutritional quality and sensory profile of milk and cheese produced by dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on eighty-four healthy dairy Friesian cows divided into two homogenous groups. The control group (CTR) received a conventional diet, whereas the experimental group (OC) received a conventional diet supplemented with olive cake as 15% of DM. The trial lasted five months. Monthly, on individual milk samples, yield and physical-chemical parameters were determined. Milk was used for the artisanal cheese production. On 10 samples of cheese for each group, physical-chemical and fatty acid profile were determined. Electronic nose analysis and sensory evaluation were performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The diet affected (p < 0.05) the milk yield, exclusively in September. Yield and quality of cheese of OC group after 60 d of ripening showed higher (p < 0.05) yield, moisture and fat content, lower (p < 0.05) pH, protein, salt and ash content, higher (p < 0.01) MUFA and PUFA and CLA content, lower (p < 0.05) SFA, higher (p < 0.01) UFA/SFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios, better (p < 0.01) atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Data show dietary olive cake supplementation in lactating dairy cows improves nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cheese, volatile profile and level of assessors’ acceptance.
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Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Ochoa R, Peláez R, Larráyoz IM. Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Pathways Regulated by Sterculic Acid in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051187. [PMID: 32403229 PMCID: PMC7290791 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its predominant role in lipid metabolism and body weight control, SCD1 has emerged recently as a potential new target for the treatment of various diseases. Sterculic acid (SA) is a cyclopropene fatty acid with numerous biological activities, generally attributed to its Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibitory properties. Additional effects exerted by SA, independently of SCD inhibition, may be mediating anti-inflammatory and protective roles in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In order to provide insights into those mechanisms, genome-wide transcriptomic analyses were carried out in mRPE cells exposed to SA for 24 h. Integrative functional enrichment analysis of genome-wide expression data provided biological insight about the protective mechanisms induced by SA. On the one hand, pivotal genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, cell death, actin-cytoskeleton reorganization and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction were significantly downregulated by exposition to SA. On the other hand, genes related to fatty acid degradation and beta-oxidation were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, SA administration to RPE cells regulates crucial pathways related to cell proliferation, inflammation and cell death that may be of interest for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Ianni A, Martino C, Innosa D, Bennato F, Grotta L, Martino G. Zinc supplementation of lactating dairy cows: effects on chemical-nutritional quality and volatile profile of Caciocavallo cheese. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:825-835. [PMID: 31480170 PMCID: PMC7206391 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc supplementation of Friesian cows on chemical-nutritional and aromatic properties of Caciocavallo cheese after 7 days (C7) and 120 days (C120) of ripening. METHODS Twenty eight Friesian cows, balanced for parity, milk production and days in milk, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The control group (CG) was fed with a conventional complete diet, while the experimental group (zinc group, ZG) received a daily zinc supplementation of 60 mg for kg of dry complete feed. During the experimental period, the milk yield was monitored and samples of milk and caciocavallo cheese were collected and analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile. RESULTS The enrichment of dairy cows diet with zinc, did not influence milk yield and composition, however a marked reduction of somatic cell count was evidenced. Both in milk and cheese the ZG samples were characterized by a lower concentration of satured fatty acids and an increase in oleic, vaccenic and rumenic acids. The aromatic profile of dairy products was also positively affected by dietary zinc intake, with an increase in concentration of carboxylic acids, esters and lactones. CONCLUSION The present results suggest a positive role of dietary zinc intake in improving the quality of bovine milk and related cheese, in particular for the increase in concentration of bioactive fatty acids such as rumenic acid. The changes evidenced in cheese through the analysis of the volatile profile, would be consistent with the development of interesting organoleptic properties, although further evaluations should be performed to confirm the consumer acceptability of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Denise Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
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Sterculic Acid: The Mechanisms of Action beyond Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Inhibition and Therapeutic Opportunities in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010140. [PMID: 31936134 PMCID: PMC7016617 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many tissues, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAS), (i.e., palmitoleate and oleate) from their saturated fatty acid (SFA) precursors (i.e., palmitate and stearate), influencing cellular membrane physiology and signaling, leading to broad effects on human physiology. In addition to its predominant role in lipid metabolism and body weight control, SCD1 has emerged recently as a potential new target for the treatment for various diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and skin disorders. Sterculic acid (SA) is a cyclopropene fatty acid originally found in the seeds of the plant Sterculia foetida with numerous biological activities. On the one hand, its ability to inhibit stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) allows its use as a coadjuvant of several pathologies where this enzyme has been associated. On the other hand, additional effects independently of its SCD inhibitory properties, involve anti-inflammatory and protective roles in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review aims to summarize the mechanisms by which SA exerts its actions and to highlight the emerging areas where this natural compound may be of help for the development of new therapies for human diseases.
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Martino C, Ianni A, Grotta L, Pomilio F, Martino G. Influence of Zinc Feeding on Nutritional Quality, Oxidative Stability and Volatile Profile of Fresh and Ripened Ewes' Milk Cheese. Foods 2019; 8:E656. [PMID: 31817893 PMCID: PMC6963858 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc represents a ubiquitous element in cells with relevant roles in the metabolism of essential nutrients in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on nutritional and aromatic properties of milk and Pecorino cheeses obtained from lactating ewes. Fifty-two commercial ewes were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group was fed with a conventional complete diet, while the experimental group received a daily supplementation of 375 mg/head of zinc oxide. At the end of the trial, which lasted 30 days, samples of milk and related cheese were collected in order to obtain information about the chemical composition and volatile profile. The experimental feeding strategy induced a significant increase in zinc concentration in milk. Furthermore, both in milk and cheese, was observed an increase in vaccenic, rumenic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the consequent significant reduction of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. The volatile profile of dairy products was also positively affected by dietary zinc intake, with an increase in concentration of hexanoic acid and ethyl esters. The present study suggests interesting possible effects of dietary zinc supplementation of ewes in improving the nutritional characteristics of fresh and ripened dairy products, although more specific and in-depth assessments should be performed on these new products, in order to characterize potential variations on consumers acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Martino
- Specialist Diagnostic Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Food Hygiene Unit, NRL for L. monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
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Marcos CN, Carro MD, Fernández Yepes JE, Haro A, Romero-Huelva M, Molina-Alcaide E. Effects of agroindustrial by-product supplementation on dairy goat milk characteristics, nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and methane production. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1472-1483. [PMID: 31759599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of agroindustrial by-products, such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and dried citrus pulp (DCP), has been widely investigated in dairy cows, but information on their effects in dairy goats is limited. The influence of feeding olive cake (a by-product of olive oil production) to dairy goats has been assessed in some studies, but exhausted olive cake (EOC) has been much less investigated. Twelve Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a crossover design trial with 2 periods to assess the effects of including agroindustrial by-products on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, methane production, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, and milk yield and composition. In each period, 6 goats received daily a control diet comprising 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1 kg of high-cereal concentrate, and another 6 goats received a diet (BYP) comprising 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1 kg of a concentrate including corn DDGS, DCP, and EOC in proportions of 180, 180, and 80 g/kg of concentrate (as-fed basis), respectively. Diet had no effect on total dry matter intake, but intake of alfalfa hay, CP, and fat was greater for the BYP group than for the control group. There were no differences between diets in nutrient apparent digestibility, with the exception of fat, which was greater for the BYP diet compared with the control diet. Although fecal N tended to be greater for the BYP diet, there were no differences in N utilization. Compared with the control diet, milk yield tended to be greater and daily production of milk CP, fat, whey protein, and TS as well as milk gross energy were greater for the BYP diet. The concentration of C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 fatty acids (FA) was or tended to be lower and the concentration of polyunsaturated FA was greater in the milk of BYP-fed goats compared with goats fed the control diet. Diet had no effect on ruminal parameters (pH, volatile FA, and NH3-N concentrations) and methane emissions, but urinary excretion of total purine derivatives tended to be lower in BYP-fed goats than in those fed the control diet. A mixture of corn DDGS (180 g), DCP (180 g), and EOC (80 g) could replace 44% of cereal grains and protein feeds in the concentrate for dairy goats without compromising nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, or milk yield and led to a more unsaturated FA profile in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Marcos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J E Fernández Yepes
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - A Haro
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Romero-Huelva
- Nutrofar SL, Parque Empresarial Los Llanos, Calle Galicia, nº 270, 41909 Salteras, Spain
| | - E Molina-Alcaide
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Ianni A, Iannaccone M, Martino C, Innosa D, Grotta L, Bennato F, Martino G. Zinc supplementation of dairy cows: Effects on chemical composition, nutritional quality and volatile profile of Giuncata cheese. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Thatiparthi J, Dodoala S, Koganti B, Kvsrg P. Barley grass juice (Hordeum vulgare L.) inhibits obesity and improves lipid profile in high fat diet-induced rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111843. [PMID: 30951844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hordeum vulgare (L.), commonly known as barley belonging to Poaceae family is a widely used cereal. Barley seeds are considered to possess high nutritional value and antioxidant properties. The grass of barley is also considered as a part of health drink in many parts of India. It is claimed to suppress a number of health disorders including obesity, diabetes, circulatory disorders, arthritis, anemia, excessive cholesterol levels, renal difficulties, and cancer. However, the antiobesity potential of barley grass has not been explored till now. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to characterize and evaluate the anti-obesity activity of barley grass juice (Hordeum vulgare L.) in high fat diet induced model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Barley grass juice was characterized by GC-MS analysis for identifying the active phytochemical constituents and was subjected to standard in vitro antioxidant studies. For in vivo studies, obesity was induced by high fat diet model in adult male Wistar rats. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) was used as the standard and barley grass juice was administered at two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg) for a period of 60 days. Anthropometric parameters, lipid profile and liver function markers were screened at regular intervals in all the treatment groups. At the end of the study, histopathological evaluations of liver and carotid artery were performed. The levels of in vivo antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde were also estimated in the liver homogenates. Expression levels of PPAR-gamma and caspase 3 were determined in the liver. RESULTS Results indicated that barley grass juice (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Rats administered with high fat diet for 60 days showed a significant increase in body weight, BMI, altered lipid profile, liver function markers like AST, ALT, ALP and increased expression of PPAR-gamma and caspase 3. However, administration of barley grass juice for 60 days, profoundly decreased the bodyweight, BMI, improved lipid profile and liver function markers. This was supported by the decreased expression of PPAR-gamma and caspase 3 in liver. Histopathological variations observed in liver and carotid artery of high fat diet group, when treated with BJG showed preserved hepatocytes and reduced atherosclerosis. GC-MS analysis identified the presence of 12 phytochemical constituents in barley grass juice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the antiobesity activity of barley grass juice and it may be concluded that barley grass juice can be an effective nutraceutical in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansyrani Thatiparthi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sujatha Dodoala
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bharathi Koganti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasad Kvsrg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Dietary selenium intake in lactating dairy cows modifies fatty acid composition and volatile profile of milk and 30-day-ripened caciotta cheese. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Ianni A, Bennato F, Martino C, Innosa D, Grotta L, Martino G. Effects of selenium supplementation on chemical composition and aromatic profiles of cow milk and its derived cheese. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6853-6862. [PMID: 31202652 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary selenium supplementation of Friesian cows on chemical-nutritional and volatile fraction of caciocavallo cheese. A sample of 32 Friesian cows, balanced for parity, milk production, and days in milk, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The control group (CG) was fed with a conventional feeding strategy, while the experimental group (SeG) received a daily selenomethionine supplementation of 0.45 mg/kg in total mixed ration. During the experimental period, milk yield was monitored, and samples of milk and caciocavallo cheese were collected and analyzed to obtain information on chemical-nutritional composition and volatile compounds profile. Dietary Se integration did not induce variations on milk yield or composition but significantly lowered the somatic cell count (SCC). In both milk and cheese, samples from SeG were characterized by a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increases in linoleic and rumenic acids. The volatile compounds profile of dairy products was also positively affected by dietary Se intake, with an increase in concentration of free fatty acids, esters, and aldehydes. These results suggest that Se plays a positive role in improving bovine mammary gland functionality and the nutraceutical properties of milk and caciocavallo cheese made therefrom. Such findings could contribute to the production of cheeses with interesting organoleptic properties, although further sensorial evaluations should be performed to deeply investigate these changes and confirm consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy 64100
| | - Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy 64100
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy 06126
| | - Denise Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy 64100
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy 64100
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy 64100.
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19
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Ianni A, Di Maio G, Pittia P, Grotta L, Perpetuini G, Tofalo R, Cichelli A, Martino G. Chemical-nutritional quality and oxidative stability of milk and dairy products obtained from Friesian cows fed with a dietary supplementation of dried grape pomace. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3635-3643. [PMID: 30629293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional properties of milk and cheese obtained from Friesian cows fed with a diet supplemented with dried grape pomace, a by-product of the oenological industry, which is very rich in polyphenols. This approach is inspired by the increasing interest in foods containing functional ingredients that may have beneficial effects on human health. During the testing period, analyses of the chemical and nutritional properties of milk and dairy products derived from it were performed; particular attention was given to the effect of cheese ripening on the oxidative stability and fermentation process, evaluating respectively the presence of malondialdehyde and γ-aminobutyric acid. RESULTS Dietary enrichment with grape pomace did not affect the milk composition but induced modifications in the fatty acid profiles in both milk and cheese with an increase in concentration of linoleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and total n-6 fatty acids. Moreover, after 30 days of cheese ripening, an increased oxidative stability and an increased concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a general improvement in nutritional parameters of milk and related cheese obtained from Friesian cows that received the feeding enrichment with dried grape pomace. Further analysis should be performed to improve knowledge of the chemical and microbiological mechanisms at the source of these findings. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Maio
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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20
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Ianni A, Innosa D, Martino C, Grotta L, Bennato F, Martino G. Zinc supplementation of Friesian cows: Effect on chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile of dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2918-2927. [PMID: 30772019 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc represents an essential microelement for several biochemical mechanisms. The body's inability to store zinc necessarily requires a constant dietary supply to avoid alteration of physiological functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary enrichment with zinc on chemical-nutritional and aromatic properties of milk and cheese. Thirty commercial dairy cows, balanced for parity, milk production, and days in milk, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The control group was fed with a conventional complete diet (22 kg of dry matter/animal per day), whereas the experimental group received a daily zinc supplementation of 60 mg per kg of dry complete feed. During the experimental period, the milk yield was monitored and samples of milk and caciotta cheese were collected to obtain information about the chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile. Dietary zinc integration did not influence milk yield and composition, but induced a marked reduction of somatic cell count and improved the oxidative stability of ripened caciotta cheese. In both milk and cheese, the experimental group samples were characterized by a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids and an increase in oleic acid, vaccenic acid, and rumenic acid. The aromatic profile of dairy products was also positively affected by dietary zinc intake, with an increase in concentration of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and esters. The present results suggest a positive role of zinc in improving animal health and nutraceutical properties of milk and corresponding cheese. Taking into account the analysis of volatile compounds, zinc dietary supplementation of dairy cows should contribute to the production of cheeses with interesting organoleptic properties, although more studies are necessary to confirm the consumer acceptability of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Denise Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Quiñones J, Maggiolino A, Bravo S, Muñoz E, Lorenzo J, Cancino D, Díaz R, Saenz C, Sepúlveda N, De Palo P. Effect of canola oil on meat quality and fatty acid profile of Araucano creole lambs during fattening period. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Li J, Hu SB, He YM, Zhuo CF, Zhou RL, Chen F, Li HY, Deng ZY. 9c11tCLA modulates 11t18:1 and 9t18:1 induced inflammations differently in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1535. [PMID: 29367652 PMCID: PMC5784167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation is recognized as the initial stage of a multistep process leading to coronary heart disease (CHD). Recently, the different effects of industrial trans fatty acids (elaidic acid, 9t18:1) and ruminant trans fatty acids (vaccenic acid, 11t18:1) on CHD have been reported in epidemiological and animal studies, however, the mechanism was not fully studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism by which 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 affect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation. We found that 9c11t-CLA modulated the inflammation of HUVECs induced by 9t18:1 and 11t18:1. Fatty acid composition, pro-inflammatory factors, phosphorylation of MAPKs, and the TLR4 level in HUVECs altered by 11t18:1 induction, collectively suggest that the bio-conversion of 11t18:1 to 9c11tCLA might be the cause why 11t18:1 and 9t18:1 have distinct influences on endothelial injuries. It was concluded that it is biosynthesis of 9c11t CLA from11t18:1, and the modulation of TLR4-MAPK pathway by 9c11t CLA, which at least partially account for the slight effect of 11t18:1 on endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Sheng-Ben Hu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yue-Ming He
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Zhuo
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhou
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China. .,Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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23
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Behavioral Effect ofSterculia apetalaSeed Oil Consumption in Male Zucker Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Castellani F, Vitali A, Bernardi N, Marone E, Palazzo F, Grotta L, Martino G. Dietary supplementation with dried olive pomace in dairy cows modifies the composition of fatty acids and the aromatic profile in milk and related cheese. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8658-8669. [PMID: 28843691 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary integration of dried olive pomace (DOP), a by-product of olive oil separation, on nutritional and aromatic properties of milk and cheese. Twenty dairy cows were divided into 2 groups that were balanced for milk yield, parity, and days in milk. The control group was fed a conventional diet (20 kg of dry matter/head per day), whereas the experimental group (EG) received the conventional diet supplemented with DOP as 10% of dry matter. During the trial, milk yield was recorded and the samples of milk, cheese, total mixed rations, and DOP were collected and analyzed to determine the chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile. Atherogenic and thrombogenic indices were calculated on the basis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk and cheese. Data were analyzed according to the mixed model for milk yield and chemical composition, including cows nested within treatment as a random effect, whereas the general linear model was used for the analysis of cheese parameters. Differences were assessed by Tukey's test. The EG diet had a lower content of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids and a higher level of oleic acid compared with the control. Dietary DOP integration did not affect milk yield and composition with the exception of protein content, which was greater in EG and significantly affected by diet and period. Instead, period was found to be significant for fat and casein in both groups. Dietary supplementation with DOP modified the FA profile of milk and cheese. There was a decrease in short- and medium-chain FA, but significance was achieved only for palmitic acid. The stearic, isomer trans of oleic (in particular vaccenic acid), oleic, and isomer trans of linoleic acids significantly increased. Monounsaturated FA increased in EG milk and cheese and saturated FA were significantly lower, whereas no difference was marked between the groups regarding level of polyunsaturated FA. Supplementation with DOP reduced atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and increased conjugated linoleic acid in both milk and cheese. The free fatty acids, ketones, lactones, esters, and phenylalanine catabolites were increased in raw milk, whereas only leucine metabolism was affected by diet in pasteurized milk cheese at both 1 and 30 d of ripening. The present results pointed out that DOP supplementation may improve the nutritional and nutraceutical properties and modify the aroma of milk and derived cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Castellani
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100
| | - A Vitali
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100
| | - N Bernardi
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100
| | - E Marone
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100
| | - F Palazzo
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100
| | - L Grotta
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100
| | - G Martino
- Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Teramo, Teramo, Italy, 64100.
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25
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Use of multivariate factor analysis to characterize the fatty acid profile of buffalo milk. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kuhnt K, Degen C, Jahreis G. Evaluation of the Impact of Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Important Aspects to Consider. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1964-80. [PMID: 25746671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.808605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The definition and evaluation of trans fatty acids (TFA) with regard to foodstuffs and health hazard are not consistent. Based on the current situation, the term should be restricted only to TFA with isolated double bonds in trans-configuration. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) should be separately assessed. Ideally, the origin of the consumed fat should be declared, i.e., ruminant TFA (R-TFA) and industrial TFA (non-ruminant; I-TFA). In ruminant fat, more than 50% of R-TFA consists of vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11). In addition, natural CLA, i.e., c9,t11 CLA is also present. Both are elevated in products from organic farming. In contrast to elaidic acid (t9) and t10, which occur mainly in partially hydrogenated industrial fat, t11 is partially metabolized into c9,t11 CLA via Δ9-desaturation. This is the major metabolic criterion used to differentiate between t11 and other trans C18:1. t11 indicates health beneficial effects in several studies. Moreover, CLA in milk fat is associated with the prevention of allergy and asthma. An analysis of the few studies relating to R-TFA alone makes clear that no convincing adverse physiological effect can be attributed to R-TFA. Only extremely high R-TFA intakes cause negative change in blood lipids. In conclusion, in most European countries, the intake of R-TFA is assessed as being low to moderate. Restriction of R-TFA would unjustifiably represent a disadvantage for organic farming of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhnt
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Christian Degen
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
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Berryhill GE, Miszewski SG, Trott JF, Kraft J, Lock AL, Hovey RC. Trans-Fatty Acid-Stimulated Mammary Gland Growth in Ovariectomized Mice is Fatty Acid Type and Isomer Specific. Lipids 2017; 52:223-233. [PMID: 28074319 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the trans-18:2 fatty acid trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) stimulates mammary gland development independent of estrogen and its receptor. Given the negative consequences of dietary trans-fatty acids on various aspects of human health, we sought to establish whether other trans-fatty acids could similarly induce ovary-independent mammary gland growth in mice. Prepubertal BALB/cJ mice were ovariectomized at 21 days of age then were fed diets enriched with cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA), or mixtures of trans-18:1 fatty acids supplied by partially hydrogenated sunflower, safflower, or linseed oil. The resultant mammary phenotype was evaluated 3 weeks later and compared to the growth response elicited by t10,c12-CLA, or the defined control diet. Whereas partially hydrogenated safflower oil increased mammary gland weight, none of the partially hydrogenated vegetable oils promoted mammary ductal growth. Similarly, the c9,t11-CLA supplemented diet was without effect on mammary development. Taken together, our data emphasize a unique effect of t10,c12-CLA in stimulating estrogen-independent mammary gland growth manifest as increased mammary ductal area and elongation that was not recapitulated by c9,t11-CLA or the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Berryhill
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA
| | - Susan G Miszewski
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Vermont, 570 Main St., Burlington, VT, 05405-0148, USA
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1225, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA.
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Benjamin S, Prakasan P, Sreedharan S, Wright ADG, Spener F. Pros and cons of CLA consumption: an insight from clinical evidences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:4. [PMID: 25972911 PMCID: PMC4429457 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review critically evaluates whether supposed health benefits propounded upon human consumption of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are clinically proven or not. With a general introduction on the chemistry of CLA, major clinical evidences pertaining to intervention strategies, body composition, cardio-vascular health, immunity, asthma, cancer and diabetes are evaluated. Supposed adverse effects such as oxidative stress, insulin resistance, irritation of intestinal tract and milk fat depression are also examined. It seems that no consistent result was observed even in similar studies conducted at different laboratories, this may be due to variations in age, gender, racial and geographical disparities, coupled with type and dose of CLA supplemented. Thus, supposed promising results reported in mechanistic and pre-clinical studies cannot be extrapolated with humans, mainly due to the lack of inconsistency in analyses, prolonged intervention studies, follow-up studies and international co-ordination of concerted studies. Briefly, clinical evidences accumulated thus far show that CLA is not eliciting significantly promising and consistent health effects so as to uphold it as neither a functional nor a medical food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, Enzyme Technology Laboratory, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635 India
| | - Priji Prakasan
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, Enzyme Technology Laboratory, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635 India
| | - Sajith Sreedharan
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, Enzyme Technology Laboratory, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635 India
| | - Andre-Denis G Wright
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Friedrich Spener
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
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29
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Herrera-Meza S, Martínez AJ, Sánchez-Otero MG, Mendoza-López MR, García-Barradas O, Ortiz-Viveros GR, Oliart-Ros RM. Fatty acid composition and some physicochemical characteristics of Sterculia apetala seed oils. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2014. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0223141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Trans vaccenic acid (trans-11 18:1), a precursor of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid, exerts a direct anti-carcinogenic function in T47D breast carcinoma cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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31
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Kadegowda AKG, Burns TA, Miller MC, Duckett SK. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is endogenously synthesized from palmitelaidic (C16:1 trans-9) acid in bovine adipocytes1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1614-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. G. Kadegowda
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634-0311
| | - T. A. Burns
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634-0311
| | - M. C. Miller
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634-0311
| | - S. K. Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634-0311
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Herrera-Meza MS, Mendoza-López MR, García-Barradas O, Sanchez-Otero MG, Silva-Hernández ER, Angulo JO, Oliart-Ros RM. Dietary anhydrous milk fat naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid modify cardiovascular risk biomarkers in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:575-86. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.763908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Jin YC, Li ZH, Hong ZS, Xu CX, Han JA, Choi SH, Yin JL, Zhang QK, Lee KB, Kang SK, Song MK, Kim YJ, Kang HS, Choi YJ, Lee HG. Conjugated linoleic acid synthesis-related protein proteasome subunit α 5 (PSMA5) is increased by vaccenic acid treatment in goat mammary tissue. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4286-97. [PMID: 22818443 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify proteins associated with the endogenous synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from trans-vaccenic acid (TVA; trans-11 C18:1, a precursor for CLA endogenous synthesis) in mammary tissues. Six lactating goats were divided into 2 groups. One group was given an intravenous bolus injection of TVA (150mg) twice daily over 4 d; the other group received saline injections. Treatment with TVA increased the concentration of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and TVA in goat milk. Additionally, TVA treatment increased the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in mammary tissue. Using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 3 proteins affected by infusions of TVA were identified. Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit α type 5 (PSMA5) was upregulated, whereas peroxiredoxin-1 and translationally controlled tumor protein 1 were downregulated in TVA-treated animals compared with the vehicle-injected controls. Only the effect of TVA on PSMA5 could be confirmed by Western blot analysis. To further explore the regulation of PSMA5 in mammary epithelial cells when TVA is converted into CLA, we used a differentiated bovine mammary epithelial cell line treated with TVA for 6h. Changes in cis-9,trans-11 CLA concentrations and mRNA expression patterns of both SCD and PSMA5 were monitored. The concentration of cis-9,trans-11 CLA increased after TVA treatment. The mRNA expression level of PSMA5 was significantly elevated to 6h, but SCD mRNA expression only increased in 2h after TVA treatment. These results indicate that PSMA5 is highly expressed in goat mammary tissue and bovine mammary epithelial cells when TVA is converted into CLA. Our data suggest that PSMA5 protein is associated with CLA biosynthesis in mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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Ortinau LC, Pickering RT, Nickelson KJ, Stromsdorfer KL, Naik CY, Haynes RA, Bauman DE, Rector RS, Fritsche KL, Perfield JW. Sterculic Oil, a Natural SCD1 Inhibitor, Improves Glucose Tolerance in Obese ob/ob Mice. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:947323. [PMID: 23209931 PMCID: PMC3504409 DOI: 10.5402/2012/947323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic complications are associated with increased expression/activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Reduction or ablation of this enzyme is associated with an improved metabolic profile and has gained attention as a target for pharmaceutical development. Sterculic oil (SO) is a known inhibitor of SCD1 and may provide a natural approach for treating obesity and/or insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SO consumption in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, a model of obesity and insulin resistance. Five-week-old male mice received either an AIN-93G (control) or an AIN-93G diet containing 0.5% SO. After 9 weeks, SO supplementation did not alter food intake or body weight; however, the desaturase indices, a proxy of SCD1 activity, were reduced in liver and adipose tissue of SO-supplemented animals. This reduction was associated with improved glucose and insulin tolerance and attenuated hepatic inflammation in obese ob/ob mice, while no appreciable changes were observed in lean control mice receiving SO. Future studies are needed to better understand the mechanism(s) by which SO is functioning to improve glucose metabolism and to further explore the nutraceutical potential and health implications of SO supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Fatty acid composition and interrelationships among eight retail cuts of grass-feed beef. Meat Sci 2012; 93:371-7. [PMID: 23273439 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate: 1) fatty acid (FA) profile of eight retail cuts (eye of round, ribeye, top round, striploin, tenderloin, top-sirloin, underblade, ground beef) from grass-fed steers, 2) the association between striploin (longissimus muscle) FA profile and that from the other retail cuts, and 3) the changes in FA profile associated with retail cut total FA content. All of the retail cuts, except underblade and ground beef, would be considered lean (<10 g) based on total FA content. Total saturated fatty acids were positively correlated to total FA content; whereas, negative correlations were observed with total FA content and total monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. No correlation was observed between total FA and CLA cis-9, trans-11. Striploin trans-11 C18:1 and CLA cis-9, trans-11 proportions, and n-6:n-3 ratio were positive and highly correlated with those in the other retail cuts.
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Jaudszus A, Jahreis G, Schlörmann W, Fischer J, Kramer R, Degen C, Rohrer C, Roth A, Gabriel H, Barz D, Gruen M. Vaccenic acid-mediated reduction in cytokine production is independent of c9,t11-CLA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1316-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Pestana JM, Costa ASH, Martins SV, Alfaia CM, Alves SP, Lopes PA, Bessa RJB, Prates JAM. Effect of slaughter season and muscle type on the fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid isomers, and nutritional value of intramuscular fat in organic beef. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2428-2435. [PMID: 22473659 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer awareness regarding the intake of beef of organic origin is strongly associated with the beneficial outcomes to human health, the environment and animal welfare. In this paper the effects of slaughter season and muscle type on the fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile, total cholesterol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene contents and nutritional quality of intramuscular fat in organic beef (n = 30) are reported for the first time. RESULTS Organic beef showed a very low total lipid content, with seasonal changes in the levels of some fatty acids, CLA isomers, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, total cholesterol and β-carotene. In addition, differences between longissimus lumborum (relatively red) and semitendinosus (relatively white) muscles were found for many fatty acids, specific CLA contents, many CLA isomers and both PUFA/saturated fatty acid (SFA) and n-6/n-3 ratios. However, in spite of the seasonal and carcass variations, all organic meats analysed had values of beef similar to pasture-fed cattle. CONCLUSION From a nutritional perspective, organic meat from both slaughter seasons seems to have high CLA contents, PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 indices within the recommended values for the human diet. The data indicate that intramuscular fat in organic meat has a high nutritional value throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Pestana
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Minville-Walz M, Gresti J, Pichon L, Bellenger S, Bellenger J, Narce M, Rialland M. Distinct regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression by cis and trans C18:1 fatty acids in human aortic smooth muscle cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:209-16. [PMID: 22057664 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of trans fatty acids is positively correlated with cardiovascular diseases and with atherogenic risk factors. Trans fatty acids might play their atherogenic effects through lipid metabolism alteration of vascular cells. Accumulation of lipids in vascular smooth muscle cells is a feature of atherosclerosis and a consequence of lipid metabolism alteration. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (scd1) catalyses the production of monounsaturated fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid) and its expression is associated with lipogenesis induction and with atherosclerosis development. We were interested in analysing the regulation of delta-9 desaturation rate and scd1 expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) exposed to cis and trans C18:1 fatty acid isomers (cis-9 oleic acid, trans-11 vaccenic acid or trans-9 elaidic acid) for 48 h at 100 μM. Treatment of HASMC with these C18:1 fatty acid isomers led to differential effects on delta-9 desaturation; oleic acid repressed the desaturation rate more potently than trans-11 vaccenic acid, whereas trans-9 elaidic acid increased the delta-9 desaturation rate. We then correlated the delta-9 desaturation rate with the expression of scd1 protein and mRNA. We showed that C18:1 fatty acids controlled the expression of scd1 at the transcriptional level in HASMC, leading to an increase in scd1 mRNA content by trans-9 elaidic acid treatment, whereas a decrease in scd1 mRNA content was observed with cis-9 oleic acid and trans-11 vaccenic acid treatments. Altogether, this work highlights a differential capability of C18:1 fatty acid isomers to control scd1 gene expression, which presumes of different consequent effects on cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Minville-Walz
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre de recherche INSERM, UMR866, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
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Costa P, Costa A, Lopes P, Alfaia C, Bessa R, Roseiro L, Prates J. Fatty acid composition, cholesterol and α-tocopherol of Barrosã-PDO veal produced in farms located in lowlands, ridges and mountains. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Degen C, Lochner A, Keller S, Kuhnt K, Dänicke S, Jahreis G. Influence of in vitro supplementation with lipids from conventional and Alpine milk on fatty acid distribution and cell growth of HT-29 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:131. [PMID: 21816049 PMCID: PMC3163618 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, the influence of milk and dairy products on carcinogenesis remains controversial. However, lipids of ruminant origin such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are known to exhibit beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of milk lipids of different origin and varying quality presenting as free fatty acid (FFA) solutions on cellular fatty acid distribution, cellular viability, and growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Methods FAME of conventional and Alpine milk lipids (MLcon, MLalp) and cells treated with FFA derivatives of milk lipids were analyzed by means of GC-FID and Ag+-HPLC. Cellular viability and growth of the cells were determined by means of CellTiter-Blue®-assay and DAPI-assay (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride), respectively. Results Supplementation with milk lipids significantly decreased viability and growth of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MLalp showed a lower SFA/MUFA ratio, a 8 fold increased CLA content, and different CLA profile compared to MLcon but did not demonstrate additional growth-inhibitory effects. In addition, total concentration and fatty acid distribution of cellular lipids were altered. In particular, treatment of the cells yielded highest amounts of two types of milk specific major fatty acids (μg FA/mg cellular protein) after 8 h of incubation compared to 24 h; 200 μM of MLcon (C16:0, 206 ± 43), 200 μM of MLalp (C18:1 c9, (223 ± 19). Vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) contained in milk lipids was converted to c9,t11-CLA in HT-29 cells. Notably, the ratio of t11,c13-CLA/t7,c9-CLA, a criterion for pasture feeding of the cows, was significantly changed after incubation for 8 h with lipids from MLalp (3.6 - 4.8), compared to lipids from MLcon (0.3 - 0.6). Conclusions Natural lipids from conventional and Alpine milk showed similar growth inhibitory effects. However, different changes in cellular lipid composition suggested a milk lipid-depending influence on cell sensitivity. It is expected that similar changes may also be evident in other cell lines. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a varied impact of complex milk lipids on fatty acid distribution in a colon cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Degen
- Institute of Nutrition, Dept. of Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Strasse 24, Jena, Germany
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Lopes PA, Martins SV, Viana RSJ, Ramalho RM, Alfaia CM, Pinho MS, Jerónimo E, Bessa RJB, Castro MF, Rodrigues CMP, Prates JAM. Contrasting apoptotic responses of conjugated linoleic acid in the liver of obese Zucker rats fed palm oil or ovine fat. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:89-96. [PMID: 21600750 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that reducing weight properties of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are due to adipocyte apoptosis and that CLA differentially modulates the apoptotic responses in hepatic lipotoxicity from rats fed saturated fat diets. Obese Zucker rats were fed atherogenic diets (2%w/w of cholesterol) formulated with high (15%w/w) saturated fat, from vegetable or animal origin, supplemented or not with 1% of a mixture (1:1) of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers for 14 weeks. CLA induced no changes on retroperitoneal fat depot weight, which was in line with similar levels of apoptosis. Interestingly, CLA had a contrasting effect on cell death in the liver according to the dietary fat. CLA increased hepatocyte apoptosis, associated with upregulation of Fas protein in rats fed palm oil, compared to rats receiving palm oil alone. However, rats fed ovine fat alone displayed the highest levels of hepatic cell death, which were decreased in rats fed ovine fat plus CLA. This reducing effect of CLA was related to positively restoring endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ATF-6α, BiP and CHOP protein levels and increasing phosphorylated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun, thus suggesting an adaptive response of cell survival. These findings reinforce the role of CLA as regulator of apoptosis in the liver. Moreover, the dietary fat composition is a key factor in activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Lopes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Effect of the supplementation of fish oil on the conjugated linoleic acid production, especially accumulation of trans-11 C18:1 and trans-10 C18:1 fatty acids: An in vitro rumen fermentation study. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Heinze VM, Actis AB. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in mammary and prostate cancer protection: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:66-78. [PMID: 21762028 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.598849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of dietary fatty acids on cancer is still controversial. To examine the current literature on the protective role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and marine long-chain fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and the risk of breast and prostate cancer, data from 41 case-control and cohort studies and relevant in vitro and animal experiments were included in this 2000-2010 revision. Epidemiological studies on CLA intake or its tissue concentration related to breast and prostate tumorigenesis are not conclusive; EPA and DHA intake have shown important inverse associations just in some studies. Additional research on the analysed association is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M Heinze
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 25 de Mayo 99, 3103 Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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Gebauer SK, Chardigny JM, Jakobsen MU, Lamarche B, Lock AL, Proctor SD, Baer DJ. Effects of ruminant trans fatty acids on cardiovascular disease and cancer: a comprehensive review of epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:332-54. [PMID: 22332075 PMCID: PMC3125683 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 2 predominant sources of dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) in the food supply, those formed during the industrial partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils (iTFA) and those formed by biohydrogenation in ruminants (rTFA), including vaccenic acid (VA) and the naturally occurring isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA). The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence base from epidemiological and clinical studies to determine whether intake of rTFA isomers, specifically VA and c9,t11-CLA, differentially affects risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer compared with iTFA. In addition, animal and cell culture studies are reviewed to explore potential pro- and antiatherogenic mechanisms of VA and c9,t11-CLA. Some epidemiological studies suggest that a positive association with coronary heart disease risk exists between only iTFA isomers and not rTFA isomers. Small clinical studies have been conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationships between these different sources of TFA and biomarkers or risk factors of CVD with inconclusive results. The lack of detection of treatment effects reported in some studies may be due to insufficient statistical power. Many studies have used doses of rTFA that are not realistically attainable via diet; thus, further clinical studies are warranted. Associations between iTFA intake and cancer have been inconsistent, and associations between rTFA intake and cancer have not been well studied. Clinical studies have not been conducted investigating the cause-and-effect relationship between iTFA and rTFA intake and risk for cancers. Further research is needed to determine the health effects of VA and c9,t11-CLA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Gebauer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Jean-Michel Chardigny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A
| | - Adam L. Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, AB, Canada T6G2P5
| | - David J. Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Determination of elaidic and vaccenic acids in foods using GC × GC-FID and GC × GC-TOFMS. Talanta 2011; 85:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Maiga HA, Bauer ML, Dahlen CR, Badaruddin M, Scholljegerdes EJ. Mustard bran in lactating dairy cow diets. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3054-62. [PMID: 21605775 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two trials using lactating Holstein cows were conducted to evaluate effects of a diet containing oriental mustard bran on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, milk components, and organoleptic properties. In experiment 1, 34 lactating cows (24 multiparous and 10 primiparous; days in milk ≥ 50 d) were used in a switchback design to determine the lactational response and organoleptic quality of milk when the diet contained 8% oriental mustard bran (MB) versus a control diet (CON). Mustard bran replaced a portion of soybean meal and all the beet pulp in the CON diet. Milk yields were greater for cows fed the MB diet; however, no differences were found in DMI, 3.5% fat- (FCM) or solids-corrected milk. Milk components and components production were not affected by treatment. Milk organoleptic qualities were not affected by diet. In experiment 2, 22 lactating cows (16 multiparous and 6 primiparous; days in milk ≥ 21 d) were assigned randomly within parity to receive MB or CON from wk 4 to 19 postpartum in a randomized complete block design. Cows were fed CON wk 1 to 3 postpartum. The MB diet contained the same ingredients as the CON, except sunflower seed and a portion of soybean meal were replaced with mustard bran. Milk and components data were collected during wk 3 postpartum and used as covariates to adjust treatment means. Intake was greater for cows fed the MB diet; however, daily milk, 3.5% FCM, and solids-corrected milk yields were not different between diets. Milk components and component yields were not affected by treatment. Milk urea concentration was less for cows fed the MB diet. Although cows fed the MB diet had greater DMI, this was not translated into a higher milk 3.5% FCM/DMI production efficiency ratio. During experiment 2, many cows fed MB experienced minor to severe hemolysis with bloody urine. This hemolysis believed to be caused by the S-methyl-cysteine sulfoxide contained in mustard bran could have affected milk production efficiency. The increased milk yield observed in experiment 1 was not observed in experiment 2. Adding 8% of MB to lactating cow diets had a mixed effect on DMI and milk production. Milk component yields and milk quality were not affected. Feeding this level of MB presents a hemolytic danger to lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Maiga
- Department of Agriculture, Animal Science Division, University of Minnesota, 2900 University Ave, Crookston 56716, USA.
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47
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Martins SV, Lopes PA, Alves SP, Alfaia CM, Nascimento M, Castro MF, Bessa RJB, Prates JAM. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers change the unsaturation degree of hepatic fatty acids in neutral lipids but not in polar lipids. Nutr Res 2011; 31:246-54. [PMID: 21481719 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of phospholipids plays a key role in the structural and functional properties of cellular membrane. In this study, it was hypothesized that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer supplementation changes the unsaturation degree of the fatty acids of neutral lipids (NLs) but not those of polar lipids (PLs). Thus, the main goal was to determine the pattern of fatty acid incorporation into hepatic PL and NL fractions. Wistar male rats were fed cis(c)9,trans(t)11 and t10,c12 CLA isomers, separately or as a mixture. Whereas the t10,c12 isomer incorporation in the PL fraction was similar when supplemented either individually or as a mixture, the c9,t11 isomer reached the highest values of incorporation when combined with t10,c12. In the PL fraction, the linoleic acid did not change; but the arachidonic acid decreased, especially in the rats given the mixture. Also in this fraction, the t10,c12 isomer, either separately or as a mixture, decreased the amounts of n-6 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and increased those of the n-3 LC PUFA relative to the control. In the NL fraction, linoleic acid incorporation followed the diet composition, whereas the arachidonic acid was similar among treatments. Facing CLA isomer supplementation, the present study suggests that fatty acid incorporation into phospholipids, through the balance between n-6 and n-3 LC PUFA, is dependent upon maintaining the unsaturation degree of cellular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana V Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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48
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Differential mesenteric fat deposition in bovines fed on silage or concentrate is independent of glycerol membrane permeability. Animal 2011; 5:1949-56. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Rastmanesh R. An urgent need to include risk-benefit analysis in clinical trials investigating conjugated linoleic acid supplements in cancer patients. Contemp Clin Trials 2010; 32:69-73. [PMID: 20851779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition and weight loss are common in patients with cancer, both factors could potentially affect the response and tolerance to treatment, decreased quality of life, and thus associate them with poor survival. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is shown to have beneficial health effects in healthy and disease situations including chemoprotective properties in various experimental cancer models. However, the anticarcinogenic property of CLA in animal and tissue culture models could not be confirmed in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer and a prospective cohort of Swedish women. Cancer patients are already at increased risk of anorexia and there are evidences that CLA suppresses appetite even in healthy individuals. Risk/benefit analysis of CLA supplementation has never been reported before and it is not clear whether any beneficial anti-tumor effect of CLA prevails over its anti-appetite and/or weight lowering side effect in these patients. I suggest that clinical trials investigating CLA supplements in cancer patients, measure appropriate variables such as food intake, weight, and appetite change to yield preliminary data for future trials. I also suggest that data from previous trials that have administered CLA supplements to cancer patients be re-analyzed retrospectively to attempt to find out any effect from routine nutritional measures such as weight, serum albumin and such as those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rastmanesh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Arghavene Gharbi, Farahzadi Blvd, Shahrake Gharb, PO Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
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Cousin FJ, Mater DD, Foligne B, Jan G. Dairy propionibacteria as human probiotics: A review of recent evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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