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Safak AS, Bulut F, Cumbul A. Histopathological role of vitamin D deficiency in recurrent/chronic tonsillitis pathogenesis: Vascular epithelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in tonsil. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:699-706. [PMID: 35213796 PMCID: PMC9209805 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim in this study is to reveal the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of recurrent/chronic tonsillitis and to determine the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF). Material and Methods This study was conducted between September and February. Thirty‐two patients between the ages of 3 and 35 (mean age 9.71) with recurrent episodes of chronic tonsillitis were selected. Patients were divided into four groups according to their 25OHD levels. Patients with 25OHD levels 0–10 ng/ml were determined as Group 1, 11–20 ng/ml Group 2, 21–30 ng/ml Group 3, and 31–50 ng/ml control Group 4. Routine histological tissue sampling was performed for histopathological evaluation of the tonsillar tissues under light microscope (LM). Five micron sections were taken from the paraffin blocks and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and Trichrome Masson (TCM). VEGF expression was examined immunohistochemically for each group. Results Our analysis showed VEGF expression in all study groups (32 tonsillar tissues). Group 1 and Group 2 histopathological scores were significantly higher than the other groups (p < .001). There were significant differences in VEGF expressions between the four groups (p < .001). 25OHD levels of the patients in Groups 1 and 2 with strong VEGF expression were significantly lower than the other groups (p < .001). Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed an increased angiogenesis in tonsil and an increase in VEGF expression of the tonsillar surface epithelium when blood serum 25OHD levels <20 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse S Safak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Özel Merkez Prime Hastanesi, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Fuat Bulut
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Private Corlu REYAP Hospital, Istanbul Rumeli University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Cumbul
- Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Butts SF, Seifer DB, Koelper N, Senapati S, Sammel MD, Hoofnagle AN, Kelly A, Krawetz SA, Santoro N, Zhang H, Diamond MP, Legro RS. Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Poor Ovarian Stimulation Outcome in PCOS but Not Unexplained Infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:369-378. [PMID: 30085176 PMCID: PMC6300410 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The impact of vitamin D deficiency on the success of ovarian stimulation according to underlying infertility diagnosis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and reproductive outcomes after ovarian stimulation in women with either polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or unexplained infertility. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Analysis of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data. PARTICIPANTS Participants from the Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome II (PPCOS II) RCT (n = 607); participants from the Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) RCT of unexplained infertility (n = 647). INTERVENTIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels measured in banked sera. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary: live birth; secondary: ovulation (PPCOS II), pregnancy, and early pregnancy loss. RESULTS In PPCOS II, subjects with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL or 50 nmol/L] were less likely to ovulate (adjusted OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.99; P = 0.04) and experienced a 40% lower chance of live birth (adjusted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.98; P = 0.04) than those not deficient. In AMIGOS, no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and live birth was noted. In pregnant subjects from both studies, vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated risk of early pregnancy loss (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.6; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this investigation of women pursuing ovarian stimulation, the association between vitamin D deficiency and diminished live birth relied on carrying the diagnosis of PCOS and was not observed in unexplained infertility. Given the generally modest success of ovarian stimulation, addressing vitamin D deficiency may prove an important treatment adjunct for many infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F Butts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Samantha F. Butts, MD, MSCE, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. E-mail:
| | - David B Seifer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nathanael Koelper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary D Sammel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Fertility and Infertility Branch, Eunice Kenney Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University Hershey, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Review: Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on placental function. Placenta 2017; 54:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Brodowski L, Burlakov J, Hass S, von Kaisenberg C, von Versen-Höynck F. Impaired functional capacity of fetal endothelial cells in preeclampsia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178340. [PMID: 28542561 PMCID: PMC5441640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Preeclampsia is one of the main contributers to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. A history of preeclampsia puts mother and offspring at an increased cardiovascular risk in later life. We hypothesized that at the time of birth functional impairments of fetal endothelial cells can be detected in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and that a therapeutic intervention using 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 can reverse the adverse effects of preeclampsia on cell function. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated from umbilical cords obtained from preeclamptic (N = 12) and uncomplicated pregnancies (N = 13, control). Placental villous tissue fragments from uncomplicated term pregnancies were incubated in explant culture for 48 h at 2% (hypoxia), 8% or 21% O2. Explant conditioned media (CM) was collected and pooled according to oxygen level. We compared the ability of preeclampsia vs. control HUVEC to migrate, proliferate, and form tubule-like networks in a Matrigel assay, in the presence/absence of CM and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. Results HUVEC from preeclamptic pregnancies showed reduced migration (P = 0.04) and tubule formation (P = 0.04), but no change in proliferation (P = 0.16) compared to healthy pregnancies. Placental villous explant CM derived from 2% O2 incubations significantly reduced HUVEC migration, when compared to non-CM (P = 0.04). Vitamin D3 improved HUVEC function in neither of the groups. There was no significant difference in VEGF gene expression between healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies and no effect of Vitamin D3 on VEGF expression. Conclusions Reduced functional abilities of fetal endothelial cells from preeclamptic pregnancies suggests that disease pathways, possibly originating from the dysfunctional placenta, negatively impact fetal endothelium. The neutral effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 contrasts with previous findings that vitamin D rescues the poor migration, proliferation and tubule formation exhibited by cord blood fetal endothelial progenitor cells from preeclamptic pregnancies. Further investigations to distinguish pathways by which offspring exposed to preeclampsia are at risk for cardiovascular disease are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Brodowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Burlakov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Hass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Bandera Merchan B, Morcillo S, Martin-Nuñez G, Tinahones FJ, Macías-González M. The role of vitamin D and VDR in carcinogenesis: Through epidemiology and basic sciences. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:203-218. [PMID: 27913313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades vitamin D (VD) research has demonstrated new extraskeletal actions of this pre-hormone, suggesting a protective role of this secosteroid in the onset, progression and prognosis of several chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer. Regarding carcinogenesis, both preclinical and epidemiological evidence available show oncoprotective actions of VD and its receptor, the VDR. However, in late neoplastic stages the VD system (VDS) seems to be less functional, which appears to be due to an epigenetic silencing of the system. In preclinical experimental studies, VD presents oncoprotective actions through modulation of inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, invasive and metastatic potential, apoptosis, miRNA expression regulation and modulation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Moreover, epidemiological evidence points towards an oncoprotective role of vitamin D and VDR in colorectal cancer. This association is more controversial with breast, ovarian and prostate cancers, although with a few adverse effects. Nonetheless, we should consider other factors to determine the benefit of increased serum concentration of VD. Much of the epidemiological evidence is still inconclusive, and we will have to wait for new, better-designed ongoing RCTs and their results to discern the real effect of vitamin D in cancer risk reduction and therapy. The objective of this literature review is to offer an up-to-date analysis of the role of the VD and VDR, in the onset, progression and prognosis of all types of cancer. We further discuss the available literature and suggest new hypotheses and future challenges in the field of VD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Bandera Merchan
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Commonalities in the Association between PPARG and Vitamin D Related with Obesity and Carcinogenesis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2308249. [PMID: 27579030 PMCID: PMC4992792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2308249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPAR nuclear receptor family has acquired great relevance in the last decade, which is formed by three different isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPAR ϒ). Those nuclear receptors are members of the steroid receptor superfamily which take part in essential metabolic and life-sustaining actions. Specifically, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of processes concerning metabolism, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, a considerable amount of literature has emerged in the last ten years linking PPARG signalling with metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and, more recently, cancer. This review paper, at crossroads of basic sciences, preclinical, and clinical data, intends to analyse the last research concerning PPARG signalling in obesity and cancer. Afterwards, possible links between four interrelated actors will be established: PPARG, the vitamin D/VDR system, obesity, and cancer, opening up the door to further investigation and new hypothesis in this fascinating area of research.
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Gernand AD, Schulze KJ, Stewart CP, West KP, Christian P. Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: health effects and prevention. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:274-89. [PMID: 27032981 PMCID: PMC4927329 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, vitamins and minerals accessible from the diet, are essential for biologic activity. Micronutrient status varies widely throughout pregnancy and across populations. Women in low-income countries often enter pregnancy malnourished, and the demands of gestation can exacerbate micronutrient deficiencies with health consequences for the fetus. Examples of efficacious single micronutrient interventions include folic acid to prevent neural tube defects, iodine to prevent cretinism, zinc to reduce risk of preterm birth, and iron to reduce the risk of low birth weight. Folic acid and vitamin D might also increase birth weight. While extensive mechanistic and association research links multiple antenatal micronutrients with plausible materno-fetal health advantages, hypothesized benefits have often been absent, minimal or unexpected in trials. These findings suggest a role for population context in determining health responses and filling extensive gaps in knowledge. Multiple micronutrient supplements reduce the risks of being born with low birth weight, small for gestational age or stillborn in undernourished settings, and justify micronutrient interventions with antenatal care. Measurable health effects of gestational micronutrient exposure might persist into childhood but few data exists on potential long-term benefits. In this Review, we discuss micronutrient intake recommendations, risks and consequences of deficiencies, and the effects of interventions with a particular emphasis on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Kerry J Schulze
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christine P Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Keith P West
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Parul Christian
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Díaz L, Díaz-Muñoz M, García-Gaytán AC, Méndez I. Mechanistic Effects of Calcitriol in Cancer Biology. Nutrients 2015; 7:5020-50. [PMID: 26102214 PMCID: PMC4488829 DOI: 10.3390/nu7065020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its classical biological effects on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, has a broad variety of actions including anticancer effects that are mediated either transcriptionally and/or via non-genomic pathways. In the context of cancer, calcitriol regulates the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, promotes cell differentiation and acts as anti-inflammatory factor within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we address the different mechanisms of action involved in the antineoplastic effects of calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Ana Cristina García-Gaytán
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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Jung MK, Ha S, Huh SY, Park SB, Kim S, Yang Y, Kim D, Hur DY, Jeong H, Bang SI, Park H, Cho D. Hair-growth stimulation by conditioned medium from vitamin D3-activated preadipocytes in C57BL/6 mice. Life Sci 2015; 128:39-46. [PMID: 25748421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, immature adipocyte lineage cells have been suggested as a potential hair-growth stimulator. Diverse studies have been attempted to find methods for the preconditioning of immature adipocyte lineage cells. The present study investigates the effect of conditioned medium (CM) from vitamin D3 (Vd3) pre-activated preadipocytes on hair-growth ability. MAIN METHODS To test the effect of CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocytes on hair-growth efficiency in mice, we compared the differences in hair regenerated after injecting CM from mouse preadipocytes pre-activated with or without Vd3. Next, to determine the regulating factors, the VEGF level was measured by ELISA and angiogenesis level was evaluated by IHC. Finally, the signaling mechanism was investigated by inhibitor kinase assay and western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocyte injection markedly promoted the ability of hair regeneration in mice. The VEGF levels were increased by Vd3 treatment in vitro and the CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocytes significantly increased the angiogenesis in vivo, suggesting the involvement of angiognensis in the hair regeneration induced by CM from pre-activated preadipocytes. In signaling study, Vd3-enhanced VEGF production was reduced by an ERK1/2 inhibitor and the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased by treatment with Vd3. SIGNIFICANCE This has been the first report on CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocyte displaying stimulatory effects on hair growth via the enhancement of angiogenesis in a hairless-induced C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jung
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soogyeong Ha
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Scarlett Yoona Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Connecticut, CT 06269-3042, USA
| | - Seung Beom Park
- Biotech. Team, Cent'l Res. Inst., Ilyang Pharm., Co., Ltd., 359, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-726, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Kim
- Biotech. Team, Cent'l Res. Inst., Ilyang Pharm., Co., Ltd., 359, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-726, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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García-Quiroz J, Rivas-Suárez M, García-Becerra R, Barrera D, Martínez-Reza I, Ordaz-Rosado D, Santos-Martinez N, Villanueva O, Santos-Cuevas CL, Avila E, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Halhali A, Larrea F, Díaz L. Calcitriol reduces thrombospondin-1 and increases vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer cells: implications for tumor angiogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:215-22. [PMID: 24120914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol, a potent antineoplastic vitamin D metabolite, inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and slows the growth of tumors. Calcitriol also may exert either antiangiogenic or proangiogenic effects depending on the tissue. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1) are key factors involved in promoting and inhibiting angiogenesis, respectively. The effects of calcitriol on Tsp-1 have not been studied in the mammary gland, while VEGF regulation is not clear, since opposite outcomes have been demonstrated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of calcitriol on VEGF and Tsp-1 expression in primary breast tumor-derived cells and a panel of established breast cancer cell lines. In vivo studies in athymic mice were also performed in order to gain further insight into the biological effects of calcitriol on angiogenesis. Real time-PCR and ELISA analyses showed that calcitriol stimulated VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion while elicited the opposite effect on Tsp-1 in 7 out of 8 cell lines studied, independently of the cell phenotype (P<0.05 in n=5). In vivo, calcitriol significantly inhibited the relative tumoral volume after 4 weeks of treatment; however, serum VEGF was higher in calcitriol-treated animals compared to controls (P<0.05). The integrated fluorescence intensity analysis of CD31, a vessel marker, showed that xenografted breast cancer cells developed tumors with similar vascular density regardless of the treatment. Nevertheless, larger necrotic areas were observed in the tumors of calcitriol-treated mice compared to controls. Since the antineoplastic activity of calcitriol has been consistently demonstrated in several studies including this one, our results suggest that the antitumoral effect of calcitriol in vivo involve different mechanisms not necessarily related to the inhibition of tumor vascularization. Overall, our findings indicate that calcitriol can impact the angiogenic process in breast cancer by regulating VEGF and Tsp-1 expression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Mariana Rivas-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Isela Martínez-Reza
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - David Ordaz-Rosado
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Nancy Santos-Martinez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Octavio Villanueva
- Departamento de Investigación Experimental y Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Clara L Santos-Cuevas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México - Toluca S/N, La Marquesa 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, México, D.F., Mexico.
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11
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Maternal vitamin D status and small-for-gestational-age offspring in women at high risk for preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 123:40-48. [PMID: 24463662 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between second-trimester maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in singleton live births. METHODS We assayed serum samples at 12-26 weeks of gestation for 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a sample of participants in a multicenter clinical trial of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia in high-risk women (n=792). Multivariable log-binomial regression models were used to assess the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of SGA (birth weight less than the 10 percentile for gestational age) after adjustment for confounders including maternal prepregnancy obesity, race, treatment allocation, and risk group. RESULTS Thirteen percent of neonates were SGA at birth. Mean (standard deviation) 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were lower in women who delivered SGA (57.9 [29.9] nmol/L) compared with non-SGA neonates (64.8 [29.3] nmol/L, P=.028). In adjusted models, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 50-74 nmol/L and 75 nmol/L or greater compared with less than 30 nmol/L were associated with 43% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33-0.99) and 54% (95% CI 0.24-0.87) reductions in risk of SGA, respectively. Race and maternal obesity each modified this association. White women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 50 nmol/L or greater compared with less than 50 nmol/L had a 68% reduction in SGA risk (adjusted risk ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.63) and nonobese women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 50 nmol/L or greater compared with less than 50 nmol/L had a 50% reduction in SGA risk (adjusted risk ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.31-0.82). There was no association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of SGA in black or obese mothers. CONCLUSION Maternal vitamin D status in the second trimester is associated with risk of SGA among all women and in the subgroups of white and nonobese women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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12
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Zhong W, Gu B, Gu Y, Groome LJ, Sun J, Wang Y. Activation of vitamin D receptor promotes VEGF and CuZn-SOD expression in endothelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:56-62. [PMID: 24316428 PMCID: PMC3915503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction associated with vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many chronic vascular diseases. Vitamin D elicits its bioactive actions by binding to its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), on target cells and organs. In the present study, we investigated the role of VDR in response to 1,25(OH)₂D₃ stimulation and oxidative stress challenge in endothelial cells. We found that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ not only induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in VDR expression, but also induced up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (Flt-1 and KDR), as well as antioxidant CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) expression in endothelial cells. We demonstrated that inhibition of VDR by VDR siRNA blocked 1,25(OH)₂D₃ induced increased VEGF and KDR expression and prevented 1,25(OH)₂D₃ induced endothelial proliferation/migration. Using CoCl₂, a hypoxic mimicking agent, we found that hypoxia/oxidative stress not only reduced CuZn-SOD expression, but also down-regulated VDR expression in endothelial cells, which could be prevented by addition of 1,25(OH)₂D3 in culture. These findings are important indicating that VDR expression is inducible in endothelial cells and oxidative stress down-regulates VDR expression in endothelial cells. We conclude that sufficient vitamin D levels and proper VDR expression are fundamental for angiogenic and oxidative defense function in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSUHSC-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Baihan Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSUHSC-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSUHSC-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Lynn J Groome
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSUHSC-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jingxia Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSUHSC-Shreveport, LA, USA.
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13
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Gernand AD, Bodnar LM, Klebanoff MA, Parks WT, Simhan HN. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and placental vascular pathology in a multicenter US cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:383-8. [PMID: 23803889 PMCID: PMC3712548 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.055426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to fetal growth restriction, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that poor maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with increased risk of placental vascular pathology. DESIGN Maternal serum 25(OH)D was measured at ≤26 wk of gestation in a random subcohort of term, singleton infants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966; n = 2048). A dichotomous vascular construct was created from the presence of any of 12 pathologies identified on placental examinations, including evidence of placental abruption, infarction, hypoxia, decidual vasculopathy, or thrombosis of fetal vessels (n = 240 cases). RESULTS The relation between 25(OH)D and vascular pathology was modified by infant sex (P = 0.003). A maternal 25(OH)D concentration ≥80 compared with <50 nmol/L was associated with 49% lower risk of pathology in boys [adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.27, 0.95] after conditioning on study site. No associations were observed between maternal 25(OH)D and pathology in mothers with female offspring. Subsequent analyses showed that, in pregnancies with a female fetus, vascular pathology was associated with a reduced birth-weight z score when the mother's 25(OH)D concentration was <30 nmol/L (β: -0.73; 95% CI: -1.17, -0.30). No association was observed between pathology and birth weight in mothers of female offspring with 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30 nmol/L or in boys, regardless of maternal 25(OH)D status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest complex relations between vitamin D, placental vascular pathology, and birth weight that differ by infant sex. Maternal vitamin D status may be beneficial for male and female offspring through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Gernand
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Vitamin D protects human endothelial cells from H₂O₂ oxidant injury through the Mek/Erk-Sirt1 axis activation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 6:221-31. [PMID: 23247634 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium homeostasis alterations govern the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Several studies show that vitamins anti-oxidant proprieties rescue the endothelial functions adversely affected by oxidative stress in several diseases. We investigated the vitamin D anti-oxidant potential in human endothelial cells exposed to H2O2 oxidative stress. Vitamin D protected endothelial cells against H2O2 oxidative stress counteracting the superoxide anion generation, the apoptosis and blocking the extrinsic caspase cascade by positively controlling phospho-active ERKs level. MEKs/ERKs inhibitor U0126 reverted the vitamin D anti-oxidant effects. Characterizing the vitamin D downstream effector, we found that vitamin D up-regulated SirT-1 and reverted the SirT-1 down-regulation induced by H2O2. ERKs activation by vitamin D strictly correlated with SirT-1 protein accumulation since both MEKs/ERKs inhibition and ERK1/2 silencing decreased SIRT-1. SirT-1 inhibition by Sirtinol reverted the vitamin D anti-oxidant effects. Thus, vitamin D significantly reduced the endothelial malfunction and damage caused by oxidative stress, through the activation of MEKs/ERKs/SirT-1 axis.
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15
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Grundmann M, Haidar M, Placzko S, Niendorf R, Darashchonak N, Hubel CA, von Versen-Höynck F. Vitamin D improves the angiogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C954-62. [PMID: 22932684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00030.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main pathogenic feature of preeclampsia is maternal endothelial dysfunction that results from impaired angiogenesis and reduced endothelial repair capacity. In addition, preeclampsia risk is associated with vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesized that vitamin D(3) stimulates proangiogenic properties of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). ECFCs were obtained and cultured from cord blood and characterized by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Proliferation, total length of tubule formation on Matrigel, expression of VEGF mRNA, and pro-matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 activity were assessed after treatment of ECFCs with vitamin D(3). Specificity of the observed effects was tested by blocking the vitamin D receptor (VDR) or the VEGF signaling pathway. ECFCs treated with 10 nM vitamin D(3) showed a 1.27 times higher tubule formation compared with vehicle-treated controls (1.27 ± 0.19) as well as a 1.36 times higher proliferation rate (1.36 ± 0.06). Vitamin D(3) induced pro-MMP-2 activity (1.29 ± 0.17) and VEGF mRNA levels (1.74 ± 0.73) in ECFCs. VDR blocking by pyridoxal-5-phosphate (0.73 ± 0.19) or small interfering RNA (0.75 ± 0.17) and VEGF inhibition by Su5416 (0.56 ± 0.16) or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (0.7 ± 0.14) reduced tubule formation and pro-MMP-2 activity (pyridoxal-5-phosphate: 0.84 ± 0.09; Su5416: 0.79 ± 0.11; or sFlt: 0.88 ± 0.13). This effect was neutralized by vitamin D(3). Consequently, vitamin D(3) significantly promoted angiogenesis in ECFCs in vitro possibly due to an increase in VEGF expression and pro-MMP-2 activity. Since angiogenesis is a crucial feature in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia these findings could explain the positive influence of vitamin D(3) in reducing preeclampsia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grundmann
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straβe 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Fowles ER, Walker LO, Marti CN, Ruiz RJ, Wommack J, Bryant M, Kim S, Timmerman GM. Relationships among maternal nutrient intake and placental biomarkers during the 1st trimester in low-income women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:891-9. [PMID: 22234787 PMCID: PMC3322547 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder caused by inadequate placentation in early pregnancy; however, little is known about the influence of nutrient intake on placental development during the crucial 1st trimester. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between nutrient intake and the raw values and ratios of angiogenic [placental growth factor (PlGF)] and antiangiogenic [soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng)] placental biomarkers in the 1st trimester. METHODS A cross-sectional study of low-income, pregnant women (n = 118). Average nutrient intake was calculated from three 24-h dietary recalls. Biomarker values were adjusted for gestational age and nutrients were adjusted for energy. RESULTS The angiogenic to antiangiogenic ratio [PlGF/(sFlt-1 × sEng)] was positively related to intake of vitamin D (r = 0.24), vitamin B(2) (r = 0.25), B(12) (r = 0.20), dietary folate equivalents (r = 0.19), iron (r = 0.19), and zinc (r = 0.19) and negatively related to transfats (r = -0.24). Principal component analysis revealed that a vitamin/mineral factor [t (112) = 2.58, p = 0.011] and transfats factor [t (112) = -2.03, p = 0.045] were significant predictors of the PlGF/(sFlt-1 × sEng) ratio. The vitamin and mineral factor was a significant predictor of sFlt-1 [t (122) = 2.29, p = 0.024]. CONCLUSIONS Expression of placental biomarkers in the early weeks of pregnancy may be influenced by intake of nutrients. Understanding the influence of maternal nutrient intake and placental development in the 1st trimester may provide the opportunity to avert the development or blunt the severity of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen R Fowles
- The University of Texas at Austin, School of Nursing, 1700 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78701-1499, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The population-based association between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk can be inconsistent, but it is now generally accepted. These relationships link low serum 25OHD (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels to cancer, whereas cell-based studies show that the metabolite 1,25(OH)2D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) is a biologically active metabolite that works through vitamin D receptor to regulate gene transcription. In the present review we discuss the literature relevant to the molecular events that may account for the beneficial impact of vitamin D on cancer prevention or treatment. These data show that although vitamin D-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of tumour cells or their non-neoplastic progenitors are plausible mechanisms, other chemoprotective mechanisms are also worthy of consideration. These alternative mechanisms include enhancing DNA repair, antioxidant protection and immunomodulation. In addition, other cell targets, such as the stromal cells, endothelial cells and cells of the immune system, may be regulated by 1,25(OH)2D and contribute to vitamin D-mediated cancer prevention.
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18
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Bodnar LM, Simhan HN. Vitamin D may be a link to black-white disparities in adverse birth outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2010; 65:273-84. [PMID: 20403218 PMCID: PMC3222336 DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0b013e3181dbc55b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the United States, significant, intractable disparities exist in rates of major pregnancy outcomes between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white women. A previously unexplored candidate influence on the black-white disparity in adverse birth outcomes is maternal vitamin D status. This review summarizes the evidence relating maternal vitamin D to preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and fetal growth restriction, and addresses gaps in our understanding of the contribution of vitamin D to the intractable black-white disparity in these conditions. The literature reviewed highlights strong biologic plausibility of role for vitamin D in the pathophysiology of these poor pregnancy outcomes. Data also suggest that maternal vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Less research has been done in support of relations with spontaneous preterm birth and gestational diabetes, and fetal and infant survival have rarely been studied. Few trials of vitamin D supplementation have been conducted in pregnant women with adequate power to test effects on birth outcomes. Importantly, black pregnant women have rarely been studied in vitamin D-birth outcomes research. Although vitamin D is a promising candidate influence on black-white disparities in preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes, these associations require further study in large samples of black US women. Because vitamin D deficiency is widespread and black-white disparities in pregnancy outcomes and infant survival have been resistant to previous interventions, research to test vitamin D as a causal factor is of major public health significance. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologist, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this educational activity, the reader will be able to appreciate risk factors for inadequate vitamin D status. Understand the basic aspects of vitamin D metabolism. Become aware of recent literature linking inadequate vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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19
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Taber LM, Adams LS, Teegarden D. Mechanisms of nuclear vitamin D receptor resistance in Harvey-ras-transfected cells. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:629-37. [PMID: 18829283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hormone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) binds to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), and this complex interacts with specific response elements [vitamin D response elements (VDREs)] to regulate gene transcription. Previous results show a significant reduction in 1,25(OH)(2)D-induced nVDR transcriptional activity in fibroblast (C3H10T1/2) cells transfected with the Harvey ras gene (ras cells) compared with parental cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which the H-ras gene interferes with nVDR transcriptional activity. Similar to the ras cells, transcriptional activity of the nVDR was reduced following induction of the H-ras gene for 9 days. The ras cells expressed similar protein levels of RXRalpha with the parent cells, and overexpression of the wild-type RXRalpha plasmid did not restore 1,25(OH)(2)D-mediated nVDR activity in ras cells. Inhibiting activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) had no effect on nVDR activity in ras cells. Furthermore, the binding of nVDR to VDREs was reduced in 1,25(OH)(2)D-treated ras cells. In addition, neither treatment of ras cells with an inhibitor (ketoconazole) of the 1,25(OH)(2)D degradative enzyme, 24-hydroxylase, nor the protein kinase C inhibitors, bisindoylmaleimide I and Gö 6976, had an effect on nVDR activity. In contrast, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) with LY294002 resulted in a 1.6-fold significant increase in the nVDR activity in the ras cells. Taken together, these results indicate that PI3K may, at least in part, mediate the suppression of the 1,25(OH)(2)D regulation of nVDR transcriptional activity by the H-ras gene, leading to reduced ability to associate with response elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Taber
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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20
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Cardus A, Panizo S, Encinas M, Dolcet X, Gallego C, Aldea M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates VEGF production through a vitamin D response element in the VEGF promoter. Atherosclerosis 2008; 204:85-9. [PMID: 18834982 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we have demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and release in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vitro. However, the mechanism by which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) increases VEGF production is currently unknown. In this work, we demonstrated binding of vitamin D receptor to two response elements in the VEGF promoter. We performed promoter transactivation analysis and we observed that, in 293T cells, VEGF promoter was activated after vitamin D treatment. Using site-directed mutagenesis we have shown that both response elements are important for VEGF promoter activity. Therefore, the increase in VEGF expression and secretion induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in VSMC in vitro could be explained by direct binding of the vitamin D receptor, as a transcription factor, to VEGF promoter. These results could explain part of the beneficial effects of vitamin D treatment in renal patients by a possible VEGF-mediated improvement of the endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cardus
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Spain.
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21
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Morimoto R, Uehara S, Yatsushiro S, Juge N, Hua Z, Senoh S, Echigo N, Hayashi M, Mizoguchi T, Ninomiya T, Udagawa N, Omote H, Yamamoto A, Edwards RH, Moriyama Y. Secretion of L-glutamate from osteoclasts through transcytosis. EMBO J 2006; 25:4175-86. [PMID: 16957773 PMCID: PMC1570443 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are involved in the catabolism of the bone matrix and eliminate the resulting degradation products through transcytosis, but the molecular mechanism and regulation of transcytosis remain poorly understood. Upon differentiation, osteoclasts express vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), which is essential for vesicular storage and subsequent exocytosis of glutamate in neurons. VGLUT1 is localized in transcytotic vesicles and accumulates L-glutamate. Osteoclasts secrete L-glutamate and the bone degradation products upon stimulation with KCl or ATP in a Ca2+-dependent manner. KCl- and ATP-dependent secretion of L-glutamate was absent in osteoclasts prepared from VGLUT1-/- knockout mice. Osteoclasts express mGluR8, a class III metabotropic glutamate receptor. Its stimulation by a specific agonist inhibits secretion of L-glutamate and bone degradation products, whereas its suppression by a specific antagonist stimulates bone resorption. Finally, it was found that VGLUT1-/- mice develop osteoporosis. Thus, in bone-resorbing osteoclasts, L-glutamate and bone degradation products are secreted through transcytosis and the released L-glutamate is involved in autoregulation of transcytosis. Glutamate signaling may play an important role in the bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyo Morimoto
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uehara
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shouki Yatsushiro
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Narinobu Juge
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Zhaolin Hua
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Shigenori Senoh
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriko Echigo
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hayashi
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Omote
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. Tel.: +81 86 251 7933/7934; Fax: +81 86 251 7935; E-mail:
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