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Libero ML, Lucarini E, Recinella L, Ciampi C, Veschi S, Piro A, Chiavaroli A, Acquaviva A, Nilofar N, Orlando G, Generali D, Ghelardini C, di Cesare Mannelli L, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Luque RM, Ferrante C, Menghini L, di Simone SC, Brunetti L, Leone S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects induced by an aqueous aged black garlic extract in rodent models of ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated visceral pain. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38923108 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a morbid condition characterized by relapsing-remitting inflammation of the colon, accompanied by persistent gut dysmotility and abdominal pain. Different reports demonstrated biological activities of aged black garlic (ABG), including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate beneficial effects exerted by ABGE on colon inflammation by using ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of an ABG water extract (ABGE) on rat colon specimens exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known ex vivo experimental model of ulcerative colitis. We determined gene expression of various biomarkers involved in inflammation, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Moreover, we studied the acute effects of ABGE on visceral pain associated with colitis induced by 2,4-di-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) injection in rats. ABGE suppressed LPS-induced gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, and TNF-α. In addition, the acute administration of ABGE (0.03-1 g kg-1) dose-dependently relieved post-inflammatory visceral pain, with the higher dose (1 g kg-1) able to significantly reduce both the behavioral nociceptive response and the entity of abdominal contraction (assessed by electromyography) in response to colorectal distension after the acute administration in DNBS-treated rats. Present findings showed that ABGE could represent a potential strategy for treatment of colitis-associated inflammatory process and visceral pain. The beneficial effects induced by the extract could be related to the pattern of polyphenolic composition, with particular regard to gallic acid and catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Piro
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Nilofar Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Korma SA, Salem HM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Alkafaas SS, Elsalahaty MI, Elkafas SS, Mosa WFA, Ahmed AE, Mathew BT, Albastaki NA, Alkuwaiti AA, El-Tarabily MK, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Garlic bioactive substances and their therapeutic applications for improving human health: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1277074. [PMID: 38915405 PMCID: PMC11194342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widely abundant spice, known for its aroma and pungent flavor. It contains several bioactive compounds and offers a wide range of health benefits to humans, including those pertaining to nutrition, physiology, and medicine. Therefore, garlic is considered as one of the most effective disease-preventive diets. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the sulfur-containing compounds, allicin and ajoene, for their effective anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immune-boosting, and cardioprotective properties. As a rich natural source of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, saponins, tannins, linalool, geraniol, phellandrene, β-phellandrene, ajoene, alliin, S-allyl-mercapto cysteine, and β-phellandrene, garlic has many therapeutic applications and may play a role in drug development against various human diseases. In the current review, garlic and its major bioactive components along with their biological function and mechanisms of action for their role in disease prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO) University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Walid F. A. Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Betty T. Mathew
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor A. Albastaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha A. Alkuwaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Science Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Oravetz K, Todea AV, Balacescu O, Cruceriu D, Rakosy-Tican E. Potential antitumor activity of garlic against colorectal cancer: focus on the molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2347-2363. [PMID: 37140645 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of garlic phytoconstituents as antitumor agents in colorectal cancer management based on their molecular mechanisms of action, while asking if their consumption, as part of the human diet, might contribute to the prevention of colorectal cancer. METHODS To gather information on appropriate in vitro, in vivo and human observational studies on this topic, the keywords "Allium sativum", "garlic", "colorectal cancer", "antitumor effect", "in vitro", "in vivo", "garlic consumption" and "colorectal cancer risk" were searched in different combinations in the international databases ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar. After duplicate and reviews removal, 61 research articles and meta-analyses published between 2000 and 2022 in peer-reviewed journals were found and included in this review. RESULTS Garlic (Allium sativum) proves to be a rich source of compounds with antitumor potential. Garlic-derived extracts and several of its individual constituents, especially organosulfur compounds such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, allylmethylsulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, Z-ajoene, thiacremonone and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine were found to possess cytotoxic, cytostatic, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities in different in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanisms for their antitumor effects are associated with the modulation of several well-known signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, especially G1-S and G2-M transitions, as well as both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, even though in various animal models some of these compounds have chemopreventive effects, based on different human observational studies, a diet rich in garlic is not consistently associated with a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Independent of the impact of garlic consumption on colorectal cancer initiation and promotion in humans, its constituents might be good candidates for future conventional and/or complementary therapies, based on their diverse mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Oravetz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adelina-Violeta Todea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Cruceriu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Elena Rakosy-Tican
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sanie-Jahromi F, Zia Z, Afarid M. A review on the effect of garlic on diabetes, BDNF, and VEGF as a potential treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Chin Med 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36803536 PMCID: PMC9936729 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic is one of the favorite herbs in traditional medicine that has been reported to have many medicinal features. The aim of the current study is to review the latest documents on the effect of garlic on diabetes, VEGF, and BDNF and, finally, to review the existing studies on the effect of garlic on diabetic retinopathy. MAIN TEXT The therapeutic effect of garlic on diabetes has been investigated in various studies. Diabetes, especially in advanced stages, is associated with complications such as diabetic retinopathy, which is caused by the alteration in the expression of molecular factors involved in angiogenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation in the retina. There are different in-vitro and in-vivo reports on the effect of garlic on each of these processes. Considering the present concept, we extracted the most related English articles from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus English databases from 1980 to 2022. All in-vitro and animal studies, clinical trials, research studies, and review articles in this area were assessed and classified. RESULT AND CONCLUSION According to previous studies, garlic has been confirmed to have beneficial antidiabetic, antiangiogenesis, and neuroprotective effects. Along with the available clinical evidence, it seems that garlic can be suggested as a complementary treatment option alongside common treatments for patients with diabetic retinopathy. However, more detailed clinical studies are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Zia
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Afarid
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
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Elegbeleye JA, Krishnamoorthy S, Bamidele OP, Adeyanju AA, Adebowale OJ, Agbemavor WSK. Health-promoting foods and food crops of West-Africa origin: The bioactive compounds and immunomodulating potential. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14331. [PMID: 36448596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The rural communities of the sub-Sahara regions in Africa are rich in diverse indigenous culinary knowledge and foods, food crops, and condiments such as roots/tubers, cereal, legumes/pulses, locust beans, and green leafy vegetables. These food crops are rich in micronutrients and phytochemicals, which have the potentials to address hidden hunger as well as promote health when consumed. Some examples of these are fermented foods such as ogi and plants such as Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Zingiber officinales (garlic), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle), and condiments. Food crops from West Africa contain numerous bioactive substances such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and monoterpenoid chemicals among others. These bioresources have proven biological and pharmacological activities due to diverse mechanisms of action such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant activities which made them suitable as candidates for nutraceuticals and pharma foods. This review seeks to explore the different processes such as fermentation applied during food preparation and food crops of West-African origin with health-promoting benefits. The different bioactive compounds present in such food or food crops are discussed extensively as well as the diverse application, especially regarding respiratory diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The plants and herbs summarized here are more easily accessible and affordable by therapists and others having a passion for promising medicinal properties of African-origin plants.The mechanisms and unique metabolic potentials of African food crops discussed in this article will promote their applicability as a template molecule for novel drug discoveries in treatment strategies for emerging diseases. This compilation of antiviral plants will help clinicians and researchers bring new preventive strategies in combating COVID-19 like viral diseases, ultimately saving millions of affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Technology Dissemination, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Adeyemi A Adeyanju
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | - Wisdom Selorm Kofi Agbemavor
- Radiation Technology Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon Accra, Ghana
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Ai Y, Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhang X, Qin W, Guo Y, Zhao M, Tang J, Ma X, Zeng J. Pull the plug: Anti‐angiogenesis potential of natural products in gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3371-3393. [PMID: 35871532 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ai
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Weihan Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- Department of Geriatrics Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Ozma MA, Abbasi A, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Hosseini H, Hosseinzadeh N, Sabahi S, Noori SMA, Sepordeh S, Khodadadi E, Lahouty M, Kafil HS. A Critical Review on the Nutritional and Medicinal Profiles of Garlic’s ( Allium sativum L.) Bioactive Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Sabahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sama Sepordeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Material Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas—Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Masoud Lahouty
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hossain MS, Kader MA, Goh KW, Islam M, Khan MS, Harun-Ar Rashid M, Ooi DJ, Melo Coutinho HD, Al-Worafi YM, Moshawih S, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Ming LC. Herb and Spices in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865801. [PMID: 35846992 PMCID: PMC9280164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer worldwide. CRC management is challenging due to late detection, high recurrence rate, and multi-drug resistance. Herbs and spices used in cooking, practised for generations, have been shown to contain CRC protective effect or even be useful as an anti-CRC adjuvant therapy when used in high doses. Herbs and spices contain many bioactive compounds and possess many beneficial health effects. The chemopreventive properties of these herbs and spices are mainly mediated by the BCL-2, K-ras, and MMP pathways, caspase activation, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the regulation of ER-stress-induced apoptosis. As a safer natural alternative, these herbs and spices could be good candidates for chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for CRC management because of their antiproliferative action on colorectal carcinoma cells and inhibitory activity on angiogenesis. Therefore, in this narrative review, six different spices and herbs: ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) used in daily cuisine were selected for this study and analyzed for their chemoprotective or chemotherapeutic roles in CRC management with underlying molecular mechanisms of actions. Initially, this study comprehensively discussed the molecular basis of CRC development, followed by culinary and traditional uses, current scientific research, and publications of selected herbs and spices on cancers. Lead compounds have been discussed comprehensively for each herb and spice, including anti-CRC phytoconstituents, antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and finally, anti-CRC effects with treatment mechanisms. Future possible works have been suggested where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
| | - Md. Abdul Kader
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Md. Sharif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Harun-Ar Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular—LMBM, Universidade Regional Do Cariri, URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
- College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Amran, Yemen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
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9
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Zhou Y, Li X, Luo W, Zhu J, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Allicin in Digestive System Cancer: From Biological Effects to Clinical Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903259. [PMID: 35770084 PMCID: PMC9234177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is the main active ingredient in freshly-crushed garlic and some other allium plants, and its anticancer effect on cancers of digestive system has been confirmed in many studies. The aim of this review is to summarize epidemiological studies and in vitro and in vivo investigations on the anticancer effects of allicin and its secondary metabolites, as well as their biological functions. In epidemiological studies of esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and biliary tract cancer, the anticancer effect of garlic has been confirmed consistently. However, the results obtained from epidemiological studies in gastric cancer and colon cancer are inconsistent. In vitro studies demonstrated that allicin and its secondary metabolites play an antitumor role by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, controlling tumor invasion and metastasis, decreasing angiogenesis, suppressing Helicobacter pylori, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, and reducing the damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies further demonstrate that allicin and its secondary metabolites inhibit cancers of the digestive system. This review describes the mechanisms against cancers of digestive system and therapeutic potential of allicin and its secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingxuan Li
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyu Luo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Chang,
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lu X, Wang C, Zhao M, Wu J, Niu Z, Zhang X, Simal-Gandara J, Süntar I, Jafari SM, Qiao X, Tang X, Han Z, Xiao J, Ningyang L. Improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of garlic bioactive compounds via nanotechnology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8467-8496. [PMID: 34058922 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights main bioactive compounds and important biological functions especially anticancer effects of the garlic. In addition, we review current literature on the stability and bioavailability of garlic components. Finally, this review aims to provide a potential strategy for using nanotechnology to increase the stability and solubility of garlic components, providing guidelines for the qualities of garlic products to improve their absorption and prevent their early degradation, and extend their circulation time in the body. The application of nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability and targeting of garlic compounds are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the functional components of garlic to treat human health. We review the improvement of bioavailability and bioactivity of garlic bioactive compounds via nanotechnology, which could promisingly overcome the limitations of conventional garlic products, and would be used to prevent and treat cancer and other diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhonglu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenlin Han
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense, Ourense, Spain.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Ningyang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Abstract
Herbal medicine is currently widely practiced, since natural resources are reported to alleviate side effects during oncological treatment while modifying cancer cell responses at the same time. Allium vegetables and their constituents have recently been extensively investigated due to the numerous possible beneficial properties, establishing them as an additional treatment modality in different cancers. According to the epidemiological evidence, as well as many in vivo and in vitro studies, the abovementioned substances seem to be effective in the prevention and inhibition of the progression of carcinogenesis. Due to high concentrations of organosulfur compounds, which exhibit anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, as well as anti-inflammatory properties, Allium constituents are believed to constitute a promising prevention and supportive therapy for oncological patients. Besides, it was demonstrated that a combination of Allium extracts with chemotherapy provided satisfactory clinical outcomes while at the same time being cost-effective. The aim of this review was to present and discuss currently investigated Allium extracts and their effects on several gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, colon, liver, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer.
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12
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Gupta J, Ahuja A, Gupta R. Green Approaches for Cancer Management: an Effective Tool for Health Care. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:101-114. [PMID: 33463475 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210119091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of an increasing number of death incidences in modern society. As the population increases, there is increased thrust for screening newer anticancer (phytoconstituents) agents to manage cancers. Around 35000 herbal phytoconstituents are obtained from plants, animals and marine sources to create awareness of green therapy in managing, reducing, minimizing side effects of modern chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. The herbal plants are the richest sources of natural remedies and bioactive compounds that promote medicines' alternative systems as a green approach for managing various cancers. The terpenoids, saponins, volatile oils, and flavonoid phytoconstituents are most efficiently used to manage cancer with minimal side effects. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study are to investigate the efficacious, potent and safe use of herbal phytoconstituents extracts in the management of cancers and study their mechanism of action through alteration of transcription proteins, blocking G-2/M phase, distortion of tubulin structure, generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cell cycle arrest, anti-proliferation induced cell apoptosis for target specific cancer treatment. The information was collected from databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Academia, MedLine, and WoS. METHODS The Literature was surveyed and screened keywords like cancer therapeutics, metastasis, proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell lines, phytoconstituents for cancer management, and related disorders. RESULTS The findings suggested that the crude extracts act as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, or anti-aging agent exploited in the management of cancers along with treatment of other infectious diseases like ulcers, gout, liver diseases, respiratory tract infection, renal disorders, blood disorders, CVD, anti-inflammatory and several wound infections. CONCLUSION The phytoactive moieties having herbal extracts help improve the compromised immunity status of affected patients and provide measures for scientific studies of newer anticancer agents in herbal industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Ashima Ahuja
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh. India
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13
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Ghiasi R, Alihemmati A, Naderi R. The impacts of garlic and voluntary training alone or together on myocardial miR-126 and miR-210 gene expressions and angiogenesis in healthy rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:195-202. [PMID: 33123325 PMCID: PMC7581846 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in both physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that garlic and exercise training have many beneficial effects in different disorders including cardiovascular disease. However, their mechanisms have not been fully understood. This study sought to investigate the impact of garlic and voluntary training alone or together on themiR-126 and miR-210 gene expressions and cardiac angiogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7): (1) Control, (2) Garlic, (3) Exercise, and (4) Garlic+ Exercise. Animals were gavaged with raw fresh garlic homogenate (250 mg/kg body weight/day) or were subjected to voluntary training alone or together for about 6 weeks. The expressions of miR-126 and miR-210 in the heart tissue were measured by real-time PCR and lipid profile in serum was assessed by enzymatic kits. Angiogenesis was determined by immuno staining detection of PECAM-1 and CD31 in the heart tissue. Results: Garlic and exercise up-regulated myocardial miR-126 (P < 0.01), miR-210 (P < 0.001)expressions, and angiogenesis (P < 0.001) which was evidenced by higher CD31 expression. Besides, combination of garlic and exercise amplified their effects on those parameters (P < 0.001). Moreover, both voluntary exercise and garlic alone (P < 0.01) or together (P < 0.001) markedly modulated serum lipid profile. Conclusion: Voluntary exercise and garlic treatment for 6 weeks enhanced myocardial angiogenesis. These alterations were partly due to the increment of miR-126 and miR-210 expressions in the heart tissue in relation to improvement in lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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14
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Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Rahmani AH. Garlic and its Active Compounds: A Potential Candidate in The Prevention of Cancer by Modulating Various Cell Signalling Pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1314-1324. [PMID: 30963982 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190409100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a multi-factorial disease including alterations in the cell signalling pathways. Currently, several drugs are in use to treat cancer but such drugs show negative side effects on normal cells and cause severe toxicity. METHODS The current research is mainly focused on medicinal plants with potential therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer without any adverse effects on normal cells. In this regard, garlic and its active compounds including diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, and allicin have been established to suppress the growth of cancer and killing of cancer cells. RESULT The review focuses on garlic and its active compounds chemopreventive effect through modulating various cell signalling pathways. Additionally, garlic and its active compound were established to induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and G2/M phases in cancer cells, increase the expression of tumor suppressor genes, inhibit the angiogenesis process, induction of apoptosis and modulation of various other genetic pathways. CONCLUSION This review sketches the diverse chemopreventive activities of garlic and their active ingredients in the management of cancer mainly focusing on cell signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Agbana YL, Ni Y, Zhou M, Zhang Q, Kassegne K, Karou SD, Kuang Y, Zhu Y. Garlic-derived bioactive compound S-allylcysteine inhibits cancer progression through diverse molecular mechanisms. Nutr Res 2020; 73:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Montgomery M, Srinivasan A. Epigenetic Gene Regulation by Dietary Compounds in Cancer Prevention. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1012-1028. [PMID: 31100104 PMCID: PMC6855955 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer has been viewed as a set of diseases that are driven by the accumulation of genetic mutations, but we now understand that disruptions in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are prevalent in cancer as well. Unlike genetic mutations, however, epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them desirable therapeutic targets. The potential for diet, and bioactive dietary components, to target epigenetic pathways in cancer is now widely appreciated, but our understanding of how to utilize these compounds for effective chemopreventive strategies in humans is in its infancy. This review provides a brief overview of epigenetic regulation and the clinical applications of epigenetics in cancer. It then describes the capacity for dietary components to contribute to epigenetic regulation, with a focus on the efficacy of dietary epigenetic regulators as secondary cancer prevention strategies in humans. Lastly, it discusses the necessary precautions and challenges that will need to be overcome before the chemopreventive power of dietary-based intervention strategies can be fully harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKale Montgomery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK,Address correspondence to MM (E-mail: )
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17
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Cho HD, Kim JH, Won YS, Moon KD, Seo KI. Inhibitory Effects of Pectinase-Treated Prunus Mume Fruit Concentrate on Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3284-3295. [PMID: 31618463 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pectinase is a well-known enzyme used in the food processing industry to produce fruit juice and concentrate. This study evaluated the anticancer and antiangiogenesis activities of pectinase-treated Prunus mume fruit concentrate (PC) and its phenolic components. PC treatment (250 to 1,000 µg/mL) resulted in decreased proliferation of SW480 human colorectal cancer cells through S-phase cell cycle arrest; however, equivalent concentrations of PC did not show toxicity toward CRL-1539 colon normal cells. Furthermore, PC-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in SW480 cells, which was characterized by accumulation of apoptotic cell population, cell shrinkage, formation of apoptotic bodies, upregulation of proapoptotic Bax, cleaved PARP, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Antiangiogenesis effects of PC were assessed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that PC did not inhibit HUVECs proliferation at concentrations of 500 to 1,500 µg/mL. In addition, treatment with PC at nontoxic concentrations (500 to 1,000 µg/mL) blocked vascular endothelial growth factor induced cell migration, invasion, capillary-like tube formation, and angiogenesis from rat aortic rings. HPLC-PDA analysis showed that there were at least four different phenolics including 5-HMF, neochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid. Taken together, these results indicated that PC could be used as a good source of phenolic compounds with selective anticancer and antiangiogenesis activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pectinases are one of the well-known enzyme used in the part of food processing. Treatment of pectinase is a useful strategy to reduce viscosity, turbidity, and pulp particles in the production of fruit juice, extract, and concentrate. In the present study, we found that pectinase-treated P. mume fruit concentrate significantly suppresses colorectal cancer proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The significance of our findings is that pectinase-treated P. mume concentrate may be used as a commercial functional food material to inhibit colorectal cancer and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Cho
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Seon Won
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A Univ., Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Deok Moon
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Seo
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A Univ., Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kedhari Sundaram M, Raina R, Afroze N, Bajbouj K, Hamad M, Haque S, Hussain A. Quercetin modulates signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190720. [PMID: 31366565 PMCID: PMC6692570 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have the unique ability to overcome natural defense mechanisms, undergo unchecked proliferation and evade apoptosis. While chemotherapeutic drugs address this, they are plagued by a long list of side effects and have a poor success rate. This has spurred researchers to identify safer bioactive compounds that possess chemopreventive and therapeutic properties. A wide range of experimental as well as epidemiological data encourage the use of dietary agents to impede or delay different stages of cancer. In the present study, we have examined the anti-ancer property of ubiquitous phytochemical quercetin by using cell viability assay, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology, colony formation, scratch wound assay, DNA fragmentation and comet assay. Further, qPCR analysis of various genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, metastasis and different signal transduction pathways was performed. Proteome profiler was used to quantitate the expression of several of these proteins. We find that quercetin decreases cell viability, reduces colony formation, promotes G2-M cell cycle arrest, induces DNA damage and encourages apoptosis. Quercetin induces apoptosis via activating both apoptotic pathways with a stronger effect of the extrinsic pathway relying on the combined power of TRAIL, FASL and TNF with up-regulation of caspases and pro-apoptotic genes. Quercetin could inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins by docking studies. Further, quercetin blocks PI3K, MAPK and WNT pathways. Anticancer effect of quercetin observed in cell-based assays were corroborated by molecular biology studies and yielded valuable mechanistic information. Quercetin appears to be a promising candidate with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Raina
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazia Afroze
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Shang A, Cao SY, Xu XY, Gan RY, Tang GY, Corke H, Mavumengwana V, Li HB. Bioactive Compounds and Biological Functions of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Foods 2019. [PMID: 31284512 DOI: 10.3390/foods807024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widely consumed spice in the world. Garlic contains diverse bioactive compounds, such as allicin, alliin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, and S-allyl-cysteine. Substantial studies have shown that garlic and its bioactive constituents exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, digestive system protective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, and renal protective properties. In this review, the main bioactive compounds and important biological functions of garlic are summarized, highlighting and discussing the relevant mechanisms of actions. Overall, garlic is an excellent natural source of bioactive sulfur-containing compounds and has promising applications in the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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20
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Shang A, Cao SY, Xu XY, Gan RY, Tang GY, Corke H, Mavumengwana V, Li HB. Bioactive Compounds and Biological Functions of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Foods 2019; 8:E246. [PMID: 31284512 PMCID: PMC6678835 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widely consumed spice in the world. Garlic contains diverse bioactive compounds, such as allicin, alliin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, and S-allyl-cysteine. Substantial studies have shown that garlic and its bioactive constituents exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, digestive system protective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, and renal protective properties. In this review, the main bioactive compounds and important biological functions of garlic are summarized, highlighting and discussing the relevant mechanisms of actions. Overall, garlic is an excellent natural source of bioactive sulfur-containing compounds and has promising applications in the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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21
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Korga A, Ostrowska M, Iwan M, Skierucha M, Józefczyk A, Pawłowski P, Dudka J, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Ethanol extracts of Allium sp. regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer MKN74 cell line and enhance doxorubicin toxicity. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3449. [PMID: 31297043 PMCID: PMC6604903 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Its aetiology is multifactorial, but the major risk factor is a high in salt diet. During gastric carcinogenesis, cadherin-1 (CDH1) down-expression and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) overexpression may be observed. The intensity of these alterations contributes to the GC invasion, its metastases and poor prognosis. As the diet plays a significant role in the aetiology of GC, it is reasonable to include the nutritional chemoprevention agents. One of the plant genus demonstrating chemoprotective properties is Allium genus, which includes garlic. The relationship between CDH1 and COX2 in GC cells treated with Allium species extract has never been evaluated. Methods In this study, the MKN28 and MKN74 GC cell lines were treated with ethanol extracts of Allium angulosum L., Allium lusitanicum Lam., Allium sativum L. (from Malaysia and Poland), Allium tibeticum Rendle and Allium ursinum L. The cytotoxicity of the extracts and their influence on COX2 and CDH1 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated as well as their influence on doxorubicin's (DOX) efficacy - a drug that has been used in GC treatment. Results Among the tested species, ethanol extracts of A. sativum L. (Poland and Malaysia), A. tibeticum Rendle and A. ursinum L. influenced the levels of CDH1 and COX2, but only in the MKN74 cell line. Thus, it is possible that tumours with increased COX2 expression will be more susceptible to garlic treatment. Observed phenomenon was independent of Allium extract's toxicity. In comparison to DOX, tested extracts were more toxic. Moreover, A. sativum revealed synergistic effect with the drug. Conclusion In conclusion, the results indicate the potential application of Allium genus to GC chemoprevention and treatment support through CDH restoration and COX2 downregulation. This issue needs further investigations as it might be used in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Korga
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Iwan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Skierucha
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Surgical Oncology Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Józefczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawłowski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Combinational Use of Phytochemicals and Chemotherapeutic Drugs Enhance Their Therapeutic Potential on Human Cervical Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.91783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Sarkar P, Thirumurugan K. Modulatory functions of bioactive fruits, vegetables and spices in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Miraghajani M, Rafie N, Hajianfar H, Larijani B, Azadbakht L. Aged Garlic and Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:84. [PMID: 30487964 PMCID: PMC6212616 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_437_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which increases health-care costs. It has been reported that some dietary components such as aged garlic, one of the garlic preparations with no strong odor and harsh irritating taste, exhibits anticancer effects. This review summarizes the potential beneficial effects of aged garlic on cancer incidences as well as prevention and improvement of factors related to malignancy. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched. All study designs which were focused on cancer incidence, or indices related to malignancy as outcomes in human, animal, and human cells studies, and aged garlic and its ingredients as exposures were reviewed in accordance to the items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 304 articles were identified. Then, 25 articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Based on the evaluation, overall quality score of human studies was well. Although there were inconsistent evidence from human studies, results of the animal and laboratory results were mostly consistent. The overall findings may suggest that intakes of aged garlic are inversely associated with cancer. In this regard, the studies have shortcomings. Therefore, more precise investigations will be necessary to decide whether aged garlic consumption is recommendable as a part of cancer prevention or control programs. However, due to anticancer properties of aged garlic, its consumption along with healthy diet may have beneficial effects on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nahid Rafie
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hajianfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ohkubo S, Dalla Via L, Grancara S, Kanamori Y, García-Argáez AN, Canettieri G, Arcari P, Toninello A, Agostinelli E. The antioxidant, aged garlic extract, exerts cytotoxic effects on wild-type and multidrug-resistant human cancer cells by altering mitochondrial permeability. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1257-1268. [PMID: 29956777 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to possess therapeutic properties in cancer; however its mechanisms of action are unclear. In this study, we demonstrate by MTT assay that AGE exerts an anti-proliferative effect on a panel of both sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) human cancer cell lines and enhances the effects of hyperthermia (42˚C) on M14 melanoma cells. The evaluation of the mitochondrial activity in whole cancer cells treated with AGE, performed by cytofluorimetric analysis in the presence of the lipophilic cationic fluorochrome JC-1, revealed the occurrence of dose-dependent mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Membrane potential was measured by the TPP+ selective electrode. In order to shed light on its mechanisms of action, the effects of AGE on isolated rat liver mitochondria were also examined. In this regard, AGE induced a mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization of approximately 15 mV through a mechanism that was similar to that observed with the ionophores, nigericin or salinomycin, by activating an exchange between endogenous K+ with exogenous H+. The prolonged incubation of the mitochondria with AGE induced depolarization and matrix swelling, indicative of mitochondrial permeability transition induction that, however, occurs through a different mechanism from the well-known one. In particular, the transition pore opening induced by AGE was due to the rearrangement of the mitochondrial membranes following the increased activity of the K+/H+ exchanger. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that AGE exerts cytotoxic effects on cancer cells by altering mitochondrial permeability. In particular, AGE in the mitochondria activates K+/H+ exchanger, causes oxidative stress and induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Grancara
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Yuta Kanamori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aída Nelly García-Argáez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Arcari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Toninello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Moutia M, Habti N, Badou A. In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulator Activities of Allium sativum L. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4984659. [PMID: 30008785 PMCID: PMC6020507 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4984659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allium Sativum L. (garlic), which is a species of the onion family, Alliaceae, is one of the most used plants in traditional medicine worldwide. More than 200 chemicals with diverse properties have been found in garlic extracts. Several garlic compounds were suggested to be efficient in improving various pathologies including certain types of cancer. This paper is an overview of data about garlic biological activities in vitro and/or in vivo on immune cells, on the development of certain inflammatory diseases, and on different types of carcinomas and sarcomas. Garlic and its compounds were found to have notable antioxidant properties. Garlic therapeutic potential has also been studied in several inflammatory diseases such as allergic-airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritic rheumatism, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, garlic was found to be able to maintain the immune system homeostasis and to exhibit beneficial effects on immune cells especially through regulation of proliferation and cytokine gene expression. Finally, we will show how major garlic components such as sulfur compounds and polyphenols might be responsible for the garlic biological activities revealed in different situations. If identified, specific compounds present in garlic could potentially be used in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Moutia
- Laboratory of Hematology and Cellular and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Norddine Habti
- Laboratory of Hematology and Cellular and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, 19 Rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, B.P. 9154 Casablanca, Morocco
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Salimzadeh A, Alipoor E, Dehghani S, Yaseri M, Hosseini M, Feinle-Bisset C, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. The effect of 12-week garlic supplementation on symptom relief in overweight or obese women with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Pract 2018; 72:e13208. [PMID: 29790635 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic joint pain and stiffness, and functional disability, are the major debilitating features of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 12-week supplementation with a garlic supplement on knee osteoarthritis outcomes in overweight or obese women. METHODS Seventy-six postmenopausal overweight or obese women (25≤BMI≤40 kg/m2 ) with medically diagnosed knee OA participated in this randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial. After randomisation into 2 groups, patients received a daily dose of either 1000 mg odourless garlic tablet, or placebo, for 12 weeks. The total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), as well as pain, stiffness and physical function subscales, were evaluated pre- and poststudy. Anthropometric parameters and body composition (using bioelectrical impedance analysis) were also assessed. RESULTS Following 12-week supplementation in overweight or obese women with OA, stiffness (but not pain, function or WOMAC total score) was significantly lower in the garlic group compared with the placebo group (1.4 ± 1.6 vs 2.5 ± 1.9, P = .023). The changes in WOMAC parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. WOMAC total score (38.4 ± 15.9-30.6 ± 15.7, P = .004) and all the subscales, including pain (8.3 ± 3.7-7 ± 4.4, P = .026), stiffness (2.3 ± 1.6-1.4 ± 1.6, P = .013) and physical function (27.7 ± 11.9-22.2 ± 12.4, P = .001) improved significantly in the garlic group postintervention compared with pre-intervention; although pain subscale also decreased in the placebo group (9.6 ± 3.1-6.9 ± 3.7, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Although pre- to postintervention knee OA symptoms were improved in overweight or obese women receiving 12 weeks garlic supplement, there was no significant difference in WOMAC changes compared with the placebo group. Further clinical trials are required to investigate the therapeutic value of garlic ingredients, and the potential role of placebo effect, in the management of OA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimzadeh
- Rheumatology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Dehghani
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Petropoulos S, Di Gioia F, Ntatsi G. Vegetable Organosulfur Compounds and their Health Promoting Effects. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:2850-2875. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170111100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, School of Agricultural Sciences, Fytokou Street, 38446, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, South West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, Florida
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Consumption of garlic and lemon aqueous extracts combination reduces tumor burden by angiogenesis inhibition, apoptosis induction, and immune system modulation. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:89-97. [PMID: 28935151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary agents play an important role in cancer prevention and therapy because of their low toxicity and the perception that they are not a medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effect of the administration of garlic and lemon aqueous extracts against breast cancer implanted in mice. METHODS We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to determine the antiproliferative effect of both extracts and their combinations. Isobolographic method was used to calculate the combination index. Balb/C mice were inoculated with EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received intragastric administration of one of three treatments (garlic alone, lemon alone, or a combination of both). Change in tumor size and survival rates were measured. TUNEL assay was used to measure apoptosis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Serum levels of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA and levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and creatinine were determined. RESULTS The combination of both extracts acts synergistically against breast cancer in mice. Of the treated mice, 80% were cured using this combination. This combination inhibited angiogenesis, induced apoptosis, and caused systemic activation in the immune system. CONCLUSIONS The combination of garlic and lemon aqueous extracts represents a promising option to develop an anticancer food for augmenting conventional anticancer therapies. However, further testing is essential to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this combination and to test its therapeutic effect against other cancer models.
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Khazraei-Moradian S, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Andalib A, Yazdani R, Arasteh J, Kardar GA. The Effect of Licorice Protein Fractions on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:330-339. [PMID: 28045565 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods for the treatment of colon cancer have been introduced, but none of them are safe and effective. We planned to evaluate the inhibitory effect of protein extract of licorice root on HT-29 and CT26 cell lines proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS Protein extract of licorice root was prepared in phosphate-buffered solution, and SDS-PAGE was used to isolate its fractions. HT-29, CT-26, and HEK293 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of the fractions and full extract of licorice. Cytotoxicity of licorice at various concentrations was assessed using MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to evaluate the apoptosis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the concentrations of 5 μg/mL from 25 to 33 kDa fraction and concentration of 8 μg/mL from 62 kDa fraction had a significant inhibitory effect on both cancerous cell lines (P < 0.05), with no significant effect on the noncancerous cell line. The concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL from full extracts significantly increased apoptosis in CT26 cells [35.52 ± 7.5 (P = 0.048*) and 47.72 ± 8 (P 0.026*), respectively], but not in HT29 and noncancerous cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Protein compounds of licorice showed anticancer properties and were able to induce apoptosis in both human colon cancer and mouse colon carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Khazraei-Moradian
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Javad Arasteh
- d Department of Biology , Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- b Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Kwak Y, Lee J, Ju J. Anti-cancer activities of Brassica juncea leaves in vitro. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:699-710. [PMID: 28337101 PMCID: PMC5318672 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mustard (Brassica juncea) leaves are commonly consumed in different Asian and African countries. Cancer is a major burden of disease worldwide, and the colorectal and lung cancers are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancers. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of mustard leaf (MLE) on the growth, angiogenic, and metastatic potentials of HCT116 colorectal carcinoma and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro. Treatment of HCT116 and H1299 cells with MLE inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (in the range of 175-700 µg/ml, by 39-86 %) and anchorage-independent colonization (at 700 µg/ml, by 56-86 %). Induction of apoptosis by MLE was evidenced by heterogeneous and condensed nucleus morphology, increased 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining intensity, and elevated sub-G1 cell population. In both HCT116 and H1299 cells, treatment with MLE markedly suppressed the secretion of key pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor (by >92 %) and basic fibroblast growth factor (by 73-94 %). MLE was also effective in inhibiting critical events during metastasis, such as invasion (by 18-33 % in HCT116 and H1299), migration (45-82 % in H1299), and adhesion (by 17-45 % in HCT116 and H1299). These results indicate that MLE possesses in vitro anti-cancer activities against colon and lung cancers. It needs to be verified whether similar effects are reproduced in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jungjae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jihyeung Ju
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
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McCulloch M, Ly H, Broffman M, See C, Clemons J, Chang R. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Quality-Adjusted Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 15:285-307. [PMID: 27151587 PMCID: PMC5739191 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416638738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal medicines reportedly increase efficacy and minimize toxicity of chemotherapy; however, little attention has been paid to how poor study quality can bias outcomes. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, TCMLARS, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicines combined with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy compared with the same chemotherapy alone. We screened for eligibility, extracted data, and pooled data with random-effects meta-analysis. Outcome measures were survival, toxicity, tumor response, performance status, quality of life, and Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) criteria to critically evaluate the quality of reporting in the randomized trials included in the meta-analysis. Results We found 36 potentially eligible studies, with only 3 (those with low ROB) qualifying for meta-analysis. Two reported chemotherapy-related diarrhea reduced by 57% (relative risk [RR] = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.19-1.01; I(2) test for variation in RR due to heterogeneity = 0.0%), with nonsignificant results. Two reported white blood cell toxicity reduced by 66% (RR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.72; I(2) test for variation in RR due to heterogeneity = 0.0%), with statistically significant results. Stratifying analysis by studies with high versus low ROB, we found substantial overestimation of benefit: Studies with high ROB overestimated by nearly 2-fold reduction of platelet toxicity by Chinese herbal medicines (RR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15-0.84 vs RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.11-3.92). Studies with high ROB overestimated by nearly 2-fold reduction of vomiting toxicity (RR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.33-0.61 vs RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.48-1.58). And, studies with high ROB overestimated by 21% the reduction in diarrhea toxicity (RR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.20-0.58 vs RR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19-1.01). Studies with high ROB also overestimated by 16% improvement in tumor response (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.18-1.63 vs RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.81-1.79). Not accounting for ROB would have exaggerated evidence of benefit and failed to detect nonsignificance of results. Conclusions In the present analysis, involving 36 studies, 2593 patients, 20 outcomes, 36 medical institutions, and 271 named research authors, 92% of the data points were from studies at high ROB. Given the poor quality of the data in studies identified, it cannot be concluded whether combining Chinese herbs with chemotherapy reduces toxicity of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Ly
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
| | | | - Caylie See
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
| | - Jen Clemons
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
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Lee J, Seo Y, Lee J, Ju J. Antioxidant Activities of Dianthus chinensis L. Extract and Its Inhibitory Activities against Nitric Oxide Production and Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.1.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Charron CS, Dawson HD, Albaugh GP, Solverson PM, Vinyard BT, Solano-Aguilar GI, Molokin A, Novotny JA. A Single Meal Containing Raw, Crushed Garlic Influences Expression of Immunity- and Cancer-Related Genes in Whole Blood of Humans. J Nutr 2015; 145:2448-55. [PMID: 26423732 PMCID: PMC4620724 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.215392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and epidemiologic studies suggest that garlic intake is inversely associated with the progression of cancer and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE We designed a study to probe the mechanisms of garlic action in humans. METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover feeding trial in which 17 volunteers consumed a garlic-containing meal (100 g white bread, 15 g butter, and 5 g raw, crushed garlic) or a garlic-free control meal (100 g white bread and 15 g butter) after 10 d of consuming a controlled, garlic-free diet. Blood was collected before and 3 h after test meal consumption for gene expression analysis in whole blood. Illumina BeadArray was used to screen for genes of interest, followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on selected genes. To augment human study findings, Mono Mac 6 cells were treated with a purified garlic extract (0.5 μL/mL), and mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR at 0, 3, 6, and 24 h. RESULTS The following 7 genes were found to be upregulated by garlic intake: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A), proto-oncogene c-Jun (JUN), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activating protein with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif 1 (NFAM1), oncostatin M (OSM), and V-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (REL). Fold-increases in mRNA transcripts ranged from 1.6 (HIF1A) to 3.0 (NFAM1) (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of 5 of the 7 genes that were upregulated in the human trial were also upregulated in cell culture at 3 and 6 h: AHR, HIF1A, JUN, OSM, and REL. Fold-increases in mRNA transcripts in cell culture ranged from 1.7 (HIF1A) to 12.1 (JUN) (P < 0.01). OSM protein was measured by ELISA and was significantly higher than the control at 3, 6, and 24 h (24 h: 19.5 ± 1.4 and 74.8 ± 1.4 pg/mL for control and garlic, respectively). OSM is a pleiotropic cytokine that inhibits several tumor cell lines in culture. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the bioactivity of garlic is multifaceted and includes activation of genes related to immunity, apoptosis, and xenobiotic metabolism in humans and Mono Mac 6 cells. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01293591.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bryan T Vinyard
- Biometrical Consulting Services, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
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Temraz S, Alameddine R, Shamseddine A. Angioprevention in Colon Cancer from Bench to Bedside. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-015-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gul K, Singh AK, Jabeen R. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: The Foods for the Future World. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2617-27. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.903384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kwak Y, Ju J. Inhibitory activities of Perilla frutescens britton leaf extract against the growth, migration, and adhesion of human cancer cells. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:11-6. [PMID: 25671062 PMCID: PMC4317473 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Perilla frutescens Britton leaves are a commonly consumed vegetable in different Asian countries including Korea. Cancer is a major cause of human death worldwide. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract of perilla leaf (PLE) against important characteristics of cancer cells, including unrestricted growth, resisted apoptosis, and activated metastasis, using human cancer cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Two human cancer cell lines were used in this study, HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide were performed for measurement of cell growth. Soft agar and wound healing assays were performed to determine colony formation and cell migration, respectively. Nuclear staining and cell cycle analysis were performed for assessment of apoptosis. Fibronectin-coated plates were used to determine cell adhesion. RESULTS Treatment of HCT116 and H1299 cells with PLE resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of growth by 52-92% (at the concentrations of 87.5, 175, and 350 µg/ml) and completely abolished the colony formation in soft agar (at the concentration of 350 µg/ml). Treatment with PLE at the 350 µg/ml concentration resulted in change of the nucleus morphology and significantly increased sub-G1 cell population in both cells, indicating its apoptosis-inducing activity. PLE at the concentration range of 87.5 to 350 µg/ml was also effective in inhibiting the migration of H1299 cells (by 52-58%) and adhesion of both HCT116 and H1299 cells (by 25-46%). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLE exerts anti-cancer activities against colon and lung cancers in vitro. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether similar effects are reproduced in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea
| | - Jihyeung Ju
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea
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Nature curing cancer - review on structural modification studies with natural active compounds having anti-tumor efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 28626698 PMCID: PMC5466266 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has raised many drugs and radiation therapies whose side-effects are visible. Ongoing research throughout the world for effective treatment mainly concentrates on methods either in the form of drugs or therapies against this lethal disease. However returning to ayurvedic roots enlightens the fact that nature has many efficient components with anti-cancerous, anti-proliferating and anti-angiogenesis effects. Evidences confirm the participation of plants extracts in synthesizing many medicines against already existing and even emerging diseases. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies and structural modifications are helping in observing the basis of compounds characteristics to exhibit inhibitor's nature against carcinogenic agents by modifying parent compounds for creating an improved and potent compound. Many components are under clinical trials but most of them still need attention. In this review an attempt has been made to focus on the natural components gifted by nature and even included in our diet with their structures and sources that could be supportive in designing drug either by computational methods or by experimental methods.
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Jikihara H, Qi G, Nozoe K, Hirokawa M, Sato H, Sugihara Y, Shimamoto F. Aged garlic extract inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1131-40. [PMID: 25573280 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic and its constituents are reported to have a preventive effect against colorectal cancer in animal models. Aged garlic extract (AGE), which is produced by natural extraction from fresh garlic for more than 10 months in aqueous ethanol, also has reputed chemopreventive effects on colon carcinogenesis, but has never been studied for its effects on colon cancer development. We investigated the antitumor effects of AGE in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinogenesis, and the mechanism of AGE in human colon cancer cell proliferation. F344 rats randomly divided into three groups were administered DMH (20 mg/kg weight) subcutaneously once a week for 8 weeks in a basal diet. After the last injection, one group of rats was then moved onto a basal diet containing 3% wt/wt AGE, and rats were sacrificed at 8 or 31 weeks. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), histological type of tumor and proliferative activity of the tumor lesions were analyzed by macroscopic, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. DLD-1 human colon cancer cells were utilized to investigate the effect of AGE on anti-cell proliferation. AGE decreased the number of ACF but had no effect on gross tumor pathology. AGE showed a lower number of adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions by histological analysis. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that AGE suppressed the proliferative activity in adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions, but showed no effect on normal colon mucosa. Moreover, we demonstrated that AGE delayed cell cycle progression by downregulating cyclin B1 and cdk1 expression via inactivation of NF-κB in the human colorectal cancer cells but did not induce apoptosis. These findings suggest that AGE has an antitumor effect through suppression of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Jikihara
- Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Human Culture Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nozoe
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Human Culture Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirokawa
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Human Culture Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Human Culture Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Yuka Sugihara
- Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Program in Biological System Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
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Chu YL, Ho CT, Chung JG, Raghu R, Lo YC, Sheen LY. Allicin induces anti-human liver cancer cells through the p53 gene modulating apoptosis and autophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9839-9848. [PMID: 24059278 DOI: 10.1021/jf403241s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent type of liver cancer globally and ranks first among the cancer-related mortalities in Taiwan. This study aims to understand the modes of cell death mechanism induced by allicin, a major phytochemical of crushed garlic, in human hepatoma cells. Our earlier study indicated that allicin induced autophagic cell death in human HCC Hep G2 (p53(wild type)) cells, whereas in the present study, allicin induced apoptotic cell death through caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in human HCC Hep 3B (p53(mutation)) cells. To gain insight into the cell death mechanism in p53 knocked down Hep G2, we silenced the p53 gene using siRNA-mediated silencing. Allicin treatment induced apoptotic cell death in p53 knocked down Hep G2 cells similar to that of Hep 3B cells. These results suggest that allicin induced cell death in human hepatoma cells through either autophagy or apoptosis and might be a potential novel complementary gene therapeutic agent for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lin Chu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, ∥Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ⊥National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, and #Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University , Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Pharmacological treatment for hepatopulmonary syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:670139. [PMID: 24102057 PMCID: PMC3786536 DOI: 10.1155/2013/670139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a pulmonary dysfunction in the context of liver cirrhosis characterized by arterial deoxygenation. Affected patients have increased morbidity and mortality, and many of them expire before undergoing liver transplantation. Therefore, finding medical therapy as a bridge to transplantation or as a final treatment is necessary. In this study, we aimed to review the current literature about pharmacological options available for treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS A PubMED and Scopus search was conducted in January 2013 on the English literature published in any time period to find human and animal studies reporting pharmacological therapy of hepatopulmonary syndrome. RESULTS Out of 451 studies, 29 relevant articles were included. The number of patients, type, dose, duration, and mechanism of drugs in these studies was extracted and summarized separately. Most of pharmacologic agents act through inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and reduction in nitric oxide production, inactivation of endothelin-1, and treatment of bacterial translocation and pulmonary angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Several drugs have been applied for the treatment of HPS with conflicting results. However, no large randomized trial has been conducted probably due to low number of patients. Multicentered clinical trials are necessary to investigate these drugs.
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Ebrahimpour S, Tabari MA, Youssefi MR, Aghajanzadeh H, Behzadi MY. Synergistic effect of aged garlic extract and naltrexone on improving immune responses to experimentally induced fibrosarcoma tumor in BALB/c mice. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:189-94. [PMID: 23901215 PMCID: PMC3719261 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Garlic, a medicinal plant, and Naltrexone (NTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, both have immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. Current study was designed to evaluate synergistic antitumor effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and NTX. Materials and Methods: WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 0 into right flank of 80 BALB/c mice at age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly categorized in four separate groups: The first group received AGE (100 mg/kg, i.p.), the second group received NTX (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), the third group received both of them, and the fourth group received phosphate buffered saline as control group. Treatments were administered three times per week. Tumor growth was measured and morbidity was recorded. Subpopulations of CD4+/CD8+ T cells were determined using flowcytometery. WEHI-164 cell specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes and in vitro production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were measured. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 16 software and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mice who received AGE+NTX had significantly longer survival time compared with the mice treated with AGE or NTX alone. An enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor growth was seen in combination therapy group. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in vitro IFN-γ production of splenocytes were significantly increased in AGE+NTX and NTX groups. WEHI-164 specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes was also significantly increased at 25:1 E:T ratio in AGE+NTX treated mice. Coadministration of AGE with NTX resulted in improvement of immune responses against experimentally implanted fibrosarcoma tumors in BALB/c mice. Conclusions: AGE showed synergistic effects with NTX on inhibition of tumor growth and increment of survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infection Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Sharma C, Nusri QEA, Begum S, Javed E, Rizvi TA, Hussain A. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion and migration of human cervical cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4815-22. [PMID: 23167425 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the major causes of cancer-related death. Pharmacological or therapeutic interventions such as chemoprevention of the progression stages of neoplastic development could result in substantial reduction in the incidence of cancer mortality. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a promising chemopreventive agent, has attracted extensive interest for cancer therapy utilizing its antioxidant, anti- proliferative and inhibitory effects on angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. In this study, we assessed the influence of EGCG on the proliferative potential of HeLa cells by cell viability assay and authenticated the results by nuclear morphological examination, DNA laddering assay and cell cycle analysis. Further we analyzed the anti-invasive properties of EGCG by wound migration assay and gene expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in HeLa cells. Our results indicated that EGCG induced growth inhibition of HeLa cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. It was observed that cell death mediated by EGCG was through apoptosis. Interestingly, EGCG effectively inhibited invasion and migration of HeLa cells and modulated the expression of related genes (MMP-9 and TIMP-1) . These results indicate that EGCG may effectively suppress promotion and progression stages of cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Gharaei R, Akrami H, Heidari S, Asadi MH, Jalili A. The suppression effect of Ferula gummosa Boiss. extracts on cell proliferation through apoptosis induction in gastric cancer cell line. Eur J Integr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fallah-Rostami F, Tabari MA, Esfandiari B, Aghajanzadeh H, Behzadi MY. Immunomodulatory activity of aged garlic extract against implanted fibrosarcoma tumor in mice. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 5:207-12. [PMID: 23626957 PMCID: PMC3632025 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Garlic is known as a medicinal herb with broad therapeutic properties ranging from antibacterial to anticancer and even anticoagulant. Aim: Current study was designed to evaluate antitumor effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on fibrosarcoma tumor in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted subcutaneously on day zero into right flank of 40 BALB/c mice aged eight weeks. Mice were randomly categorized in two separate groups: 1st received AGE (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), 2nd group as control received phosphate buffered saline, (PBS). Treatments were done three times per week. Tumor growth was measured and morbidity was recorded. Subpopulations of CD4+/CD8+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. WEHI-164 cell specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes and in vitro production of gamma-interferon, (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-4, (IL-4) cytokines were measured. Results: The mice received AGE had significantly longer survival time compared to control mice. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth was seen in AGE treated mice. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in vitro IFN-γ production of splenocytes were significantly increased in AGE group. Conclusions: Administration of AGE resulted in improved immune responses against experimentally implanted fibrosarcoma tumors in BALB/c mice. AGE showed significant effects on inhibition of tumor growth and longevity of survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fallah-Rostami
- Center for Development and Cooperation of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Xu HY, Pan YM, Chen ZW, Lin Y, Wang LH, Chen YH, Jie TT, Lu YY, Liu JC. 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis via suppression of VEGFR-2-signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:724-733. [PMID: 23434607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate (G) is one toxic compound isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana, an Asian spice used for cancer treatment as a folk remedy. However, whether 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate affects angiogenesis remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the in vitro and in vivo antiangiogenic effects of 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored antigenic functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate, including proliferation, migration and metastasis through matrigel plug assay, chorioallantoic membrane assay, in vitro migration assay, tube formation assay, motility assay. Antibody chip was applied to screen differentially expressed proteins modulated by 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate, and was further confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Tumor xenograft mice were applied to investigate whether 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate could inhibit microvessel density in vivo. RESULTS 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenic processes in vitro, such as proliferation, in vitro migration, and tube formation of HUVEC. In chorioallantoic membrane assay, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate significantly inhibited neovessel formation. Antibody chip technology demonstrated decreased expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 proteins in HUVEC after 24h. In addition, 12-deoyphorbol 13-palmitate inhibited the in vivo growth of MCF-7 cells in grafted mouse model. Immunohistochemistry staining showed decreased microvessel density (CD31) and attenuated VEGFR-2 signaling pathways by 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate. CONCLUSION 12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate may be utilized to target active angiogenesis through VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, No.333 BuKui Street, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
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Meng S, Zhang X, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Fuchs CS, Cho E. No association between garlic intake and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 37:152-5. [PMID: 23265869 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although experimental studies suggested beneficial role of garlic intake on colorectal carcinogenesis, limited prospective cohort studies have evaluated garlic intake in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. METHODS We followed 76,208 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 45,592 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 24 years and examined garlic intake and garlic supplement use in relation to CRC risk. Information on garlic intake and supplement use was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the multivariable hazard ratio (MV-HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS We documented 2368 (1339 women and 1029 men) incident CRC cases and fo und no association between garlic intake and CRC risk; the MV-HRs (95% CIs) associated with garlic (1 clove or 4 shakes per serving) intake ≥ 1/day compared with < 1/month were 1.21 (0.94-1.57; p-trend = 0.14) for women and 1.00 (0.71-1.42; p-trend = 0.89) for men. The MV-HRs (95% CIs) of CRC for garlic supplement use, which was used in 6% of the participants in each study, were 0.72 (0.48-1.07) for women and 1.22 (0.83-1.78) for men. CONCLUSION Our prospective data do not support an important role of garlic intake or garlic supplement use in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Experimental study on inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide on growth and invasion of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2012; 32:581-585. [PMID: 22886974 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-1000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) derived from allicin on in vitro and in vivo proliferation of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the action mechanism, and the influence of DAS on invasive capability of MG-63 cells were investigated in order to search for the novel medicines for osteosarcoma. In the in vitro experiment, MG-63 cells were treated with different concentrations of DSA, and the morphological changes of MG-63 cells were observed under an inverted phase microscope. MTT method was used to assay the proliferation of MG-63 cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression level in MG-63 cells. By using Transwell invasion assay, the influence of DAS on invasive ability of MG-63 cells was tested. In the in vivo experiment, the nude mice MG-63 cells tumor-bearing model was established, and different concentrations of DAS were injected beside the tumor. Twenty-one days after treatment, the mice were killed, the tumor size and tumor inhibition rate were calculated. The microvessel density (MVD) was determined by using immunohistochemistry. In the in vitro experiment, different concentrations of DAS could obviously inhibit proliferation of MG-63 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of VEGF mRNA in DSA groups (different concentrations) were significant reduced as compared with those in control group (all P<0.05). Transwell invasion assay indicated that in 20 and 40 μg/mL DAS groups, the number of migratory cells was 91.4±8.3 and 81.8±7.4 respectively, which was significantly declined as compared with that in control group (150.4±14.7, both P<0.05). In the in vivo experiment, DAS could significantly suppress the growth of MG-63 tumor-bearing tissue. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that different concentrations (20 and 40 μg/mL) of DAS could significantly decrease MVD of MG-63 tumor-bearing tissue (all P<0.05). It was suggested that DAS could inhibit the growth of MG-63 cells probably by suppressing the expression of VEGF mRNA.
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Experimental study on inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide on growth and invasion of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2014:378684. [PMID: 25097657 PMCID: PMC4109593 DOI: 10.1155/2014/378684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Allicin, the major component of freshly crushed garlic, is one of the most biologically active compounds of garlic; it has been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells; however, the mechanism by which allicin exerts its apoptotic effects is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the apoptotic pathways induced by allicin in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Methods. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by cell-counting assay and flow cytometry analysis. Activation of the signaling pathway was screened by human phospho-kinase array analysis, and the activated pathway and its related proteins were further confirmed by western blot analysis. Results. Allicin induced SKOV3 cell apoptosis and JNK phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but these were significantly blocked by SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK). The findings suggest that JNK phosphorylation is related to the action of allicin on SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, JNK activation induced Bcl-2 family activation, triggered mitochondria-mediated signaling pathways, and led to the translocation of a considerable amount of Bax and cytochrome c release. Conclusions. JNK activation and mitochondrial Bax translocation are involved in allicin-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. Our data input new insights to the literature of allicin-induced apoptosis.
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