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Sheng Y, Meng G, Li G, Wang J. Red wine alleviates atherosclerosis-related inflammatory markers in healthy subjects rather than in high cardiovascular risk subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38229. [PMID: 38847707 PMCID: PMC11155606 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate red wine (RW) consumption is associated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have evaluated the effects of RW and white wine (WW) on inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis in healthy individuals and high-risk subjects for CVD. This study aimed to assess the effect of RW on inflammatory markers in healthy individuals and high-risk subjects for CVD compared with moderate alcohol consumption. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA) was followed in this study. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, SinoMed, EbscoHost, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. The risk of bias and quality of the included trials were assessed using the Cochrane Handbook. The main results are summarized in Stata 12. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that RW significantly decreased circulating intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and Sialyl-Lewis X expression on the surface of monocytes in healthy subjects, but not in patients with CVD. Additionally, RW significantly decreased Sialyl-Lewis X but increased clusters of differentiation 40 (CD40) expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes and significantly decreased C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) expressed on the surface of monocytes. Interestingly, subgroup analysis also found that RW significantly decreased circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Spain but not in other countries, and significantly increased αMβ2 (Mac-1) in the group that had an intervention duration of less than 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Moderate consumption of RW is more effective than WW in alleviating atherosclerosis-related inflammatory markers in healthy people rather than high-risk subjects for CVD, but this needs to be further confirmed by studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Sheng
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guibing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guidong Li
- Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan City, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi, China
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Domínguez López I, Arancibia-Riveros C, Casas R, Galkina P, Pérez M, Martínez-González MÁ, Fitó M, Ros E, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Moderate wine consumption measured using the biomarker urinary tartaric acid concentration decreases inflammatory mediators related to atherosclerosis. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100003. [PMID: 38388107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies suggest that moderate wine consumption, particularly red wine, may have benefits for cardiovascular health. Red wine contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols like phenolic acids, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of wine, measured as urinary tartaric acid, a new biomarker of wine consumption. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS One-year longitudinal study that included 217 participants from the PREDIMED trial. MEASUREMENTS Plasma inflammatory biomarkers and urinary tartaric acid were analyzed using xMAP technology and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between variations over 1-year in urinary tartaric acid concentrations and 1-year changes in serum inflammatory molecules, including adhesion cell molecules, interleukine-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. Three categories were built according to tertiles of 1-y changes in urinary tartaric acid. RESULTS Using a ROC curve, urinary tartaric acid was corroborated as a reliable biomarker of wine consumption (AUC = 0.818 (95% CI: 0.76; 0.87). In the continuous analysis, participants with higher increases in tartaric acid significantly reduced their concentrations in soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) after 1-year of follow-up (-0.20 (-0.38; -9,93) ng/mL per 1-SD increment, p-value = 0.031). Moreover, tertiles 2 and 3 of 1-year changes in tartaric acid presented a significant reduction in soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) as compared to tertile 1 (-0.31 (-0.52; -0.10) ng/mL, p-value = 0.014 and -0.29 (-0.52; -0.07) ng/mL, p-value = 0.023, respectively). Participants in the third tertile also exhibited a reduced concentration of sVCAM-1 compared to those in the first tertile (-0.31 (-0.55; -0.06) ng/mL, p-value = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that wine consumption is associated with lower levels of inflammation due to the anti-inflammatory properties of wine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez López
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Arancibia-Riveros
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polina Galkina
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Li X, Hur J, Cao Y, Song M, Smith-Warner SA, Liang L, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL. Moderate alcohol consumption, types of beverages and drinking pattern with cardiometabolic biomarkers in three cohorts of US men and women. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:1185-1196. [PMID: 37747628 PMCID: PMC10924636 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Underlying mechanisms of the inverse relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and cardiometabolic disorders are unclear. Modification by types of alcoholic beverages consumed and drinking pattern remains understudied. We aimed to provide insight into the mechanisms by examining 14 insulinemic/glycemic, inflammatory and lipid markers. We used cross-sectional data from 15,436 women in the Nurses' Health Study, 19,318 women in the Nurses' Health Study II, and 6872 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the percentage differences in biomarker concentrations according to alcohol intakes. The average alcohol intake in the combined cohort was 3.3 servings/week. We found a 1 serving/d increment in alcohol intake (14 g ethanol, 44 ml liquor or 355 ml beer or 118 ml wine per day) was associated with a 0.6% lower level of HbA1c, 1.7-3.6% lower proinflammatory markers and 4.2% higher adiponectin, as well as 7.1% higher HDL-cholesterol and 2.1% lower triglyceride with a significant linear trend. Wine, especially red wine, was associated with lower inflammation in particular. Beer had weaker favorable to null associations with blood lipids and adiponectin. Liquor was associated with higher C-peptide and interleukin-6, yet equally associated with lower HbA1c and higher HDL-cholesterol as other beverages. Drinking 3 days or more per week was related to a better biomarker profile than nonregular drinking independent of intake levels. Drinking appeared to have similar associations irrespective whether done with meals or not. Our data indicated moderate alcohol intake, especially if consumed from wine and done regularly, was associated with favorable profiles of insulinemic/glycemic and inflammatory markers and blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
- Food Clinical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lombardo M, Feraco A, Camajani E, Caprio M, Armani A. Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081921. [PMID: 37111141 PMCID: PMC10146095 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. This review evaluated randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the recent literature on the correlations between acute and chronic RW consumption and health. All RCTs published in English on PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2023 were evaluated. Ninety-one RCTs were included in this review, seven of which had a duration of more than six months. We assessed the effect of RW on: (1) antioxidant status, (2) cardiovascular function, (3) coagulation pathway and platelet function, (4) endothelial function and arterial stiffness, (5) hypertension, (6) immune function and inflammation status, (7) lipid profile and homocysteine levels, (8) body composition, type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism, and (9) gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal tract. RW consumption mostly results in improvements in antioxidant status, thrombosis and inflammation markers, lipid profile, and gut microbiota, with conflicting results on hypertension and cardiac function. Notably, beneficial effects were observed on oxidative stress, inflammation, and nephropathy markers, with a modest decrease in CVD risk in five out of seven studies that evaluated the effect of RW consumption. These studies were conducted mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a duration between six months and two years. Additional long-term RCTs are needed to confirm these benefits, and assess the potential risks associated with RW consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124269. [PMID: 34959821 PMCID: PMC8704773 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of food for pleasure is mainly associated with adverse health effects. This review was carried out to verify recent reports on the impact of chocolate and wine consumption on cardiovascular health, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis. On one side, these products have proven adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, but on the other hand, if consumed in optimal amounts, they have cardiovascular benefits. The submitted data suggest that the beneficial doses are 30–50 g and 130/250 mL for chocolate and wine, respectively, for women and men. The accumulated evidence indicates that the active ingredients in the products under consideration in this review are phenolic compounds, characterized by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet properties. However, there are also some reports of cardioprotective properties of other compounds such as esters, amines, biogenic amines, amino acids, fatty acids, mineral ingredients, and vitamins. Our narrative review has shown that in meta-analyses of intervention studies, consumption of chocolate and wine was positively associated with the beneficial outcomes associated with the cardiovascular system. In contrast, the assessment with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) scale did not confirm this phenomenon. In addition, mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds present in chocolate and wine depend on some factors, such as age, sex, body weight, and the presence of additional medical conditions. Patients using cardiovascular drugs simultaneously with both products should be alert to the risk of pharmacologically relevant interactions during their use. Our narrative review leads to the conclusion that there is abundant evidence to prove the beneficial impact of consuming both products on cardiovascular health, however some evidence still remains controversial. Many authors of studies included in this review postulated that well-designed, longitudinal studies should be performed to determine the effects of these products and their components on atherosclerosis and other CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) disease.
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Leal M, Zampini IC, Mercado MI, Moreno MA, Simirgiotis MJ, Bórquez J, Ponessa G, Isla MI. Flourensia fiebrigii S.F. blake: A medicinal plant from the Argentinean highlands with potential use as anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113296. [PMID: 32841690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flourensia fiebrigii is a plant used in traditional medicine in the Argentine Calchaquí Valley as purgative, expectorant, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to analyze the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of F. fiebrigii leaf and stem, the phytochemical composition of leaves ethanolic extracts and to validate its traditional use as anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macroscopic and microscopic description of F. fiebrigii leaf and stem was carried out. Two extracts (immersions and tinctures) from leaves were obtained. The phytochemical analysis and UHPLC-OT-MS metabolome fingerprinting of both extracts were performed. The anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory activities of both extracts were determined using enzymatic inhibition assays of xanthine-oxidase (XOD), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and lipoxygenase (LOX). RESULTS The macroscopic and micrographic characters of F. fiebrigii were described to allow the botanical characterization of the plant species. The leaves extracts showed a high level of phenolic compounds with similar chromatographic patterns. Forty-five compounds were identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS including several sesquiterpenes, chalcones, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, a lignan and phenylpropanoids phenolic acids that have been identified for the first time in this plant species. F. fiebrigii extracts were able to inhibit the XOD activity and, consequently, the formation of uric acid and reactive oxygen species, primary cause of diseases, such as gouty arthritis (IC50 values of 1.10-2.12 μg/mL). Pro-inflammatory enzymes like sPLA2 and LOX were also inhibited by F. fiebrigii extracts (IC50 values of 22.00-2.20 μg/mL) decreasing the production of inflammation mediators. CONCLUSIONS The present work validates the traditional medicinal use of F. fiebrigii as anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory through the use of enzymatic assays. The presence of several chemical compounds with demonstrated anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory properties also supports the bioactivity of the F. fiebrigii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Leal
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Mercado
- Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Moreno
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario Juan Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
| | - Graciela Ponessa
- Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:1230-1245. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. The French paradox three decades later: Role of inflammation and thrombosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:160-169. [PMID: 32653485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although, three decades have pasted from the introduction of "French Paradox", is still an issue for debate. Epidemiology supports the J-shaped relationship between wine consumption and vascular events as well as cardiovascular mortality with a maximum protection at 21 g of alcohol consumption in the form of wine per day. Nevertheless, the aforementioned studies have used an observational design that raises concerns about potential confounding. Randomized clinical studies may provide data to end the controversy and in parallel with in vitro experiments to elucidate the mechanisms by which wine affects cardiovascular disease. In this concept, this review aims to address the presence of bioactive wine micro constituents, their potential mechanisms of action and also to summarize the cardio-protective effects of wine intake based on clinical trials. The role of wine micro-constituents in inflammation and haemostasis is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece.
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece
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Sex dependent alterations of resveratrol on social behaviors and nociceptive reactivity in VPA-induced autistic-like model in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 81:106905. [PMID: 32534151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was designed to clarify the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on social behavioral alterations and nociceptive reactivity in valproic acid (VPA)-induced autistic-like model in female and male rats. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided in five groups. Animals received saline, DMSO, VPA, RSV and RSV + VPA. VPA was administered (600 mg/kg, i. p.) on embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and pretreatment by resveratrol (3.6 mg/kg, s. c.) was applied on E6.5 until E18.5. All offspring were weaned on postnatal day 21 and the experiments were done in male and female rats on day 60. Social interaction, hot plate and tail flick tests were set out to assess social deficits and pain threshold, respectively. Sociability index (SI), Social novelty index (SNI) and latency time were calculated as the standard indices of social behaviors and pain threshold, respectively. RESULTS The results indicated that systemic intraperitoneal administration of VPA (600 mg/kg) significantly decreased SI and SNI in social interaction test (SIT) especially in male rats, indicating the social impairments caused by VPA. RSV (3.6 mg/kg, s. c.) reversed VPA-induced social deficits in male rats, but not in female group. VPA administration resulted in significant increase in latency time in the hot plate and tail flick tests in male rats, whereas it had no such dramatic effect in females. RSV administration in combination with VPA had no significant effect on latency time compared to the valproic acid group in male rats. It is important to note that RSV by itself had no significant effect on SI, SNI and latency time in female and male rats. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that valproic acid produces autistic-like behaviors and increases pain threshold in male rats which may be ameliorated at least in part by resveratrol administration. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in valproic acid and resveratrol-induced effects.
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Giacco R, Costabile G, Fatati G, Frittitta L, Maiorino MI, Marelli G, Parillo M, Pistis D, Tubili C, Vetrani C, Vitale M. Effects of polyphenols on cardio-metabolic risk factors and risk of type 2 diabetes. A joint position statement of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) and the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:355-367. [PMID: 31918979 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM A large body of evidence supports a role of polyphenols in the prevention of chronic diseases, i.e. type 2 diabetes (DMT2), cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. In the present manuscript, the effect of polyphenol/phenolic compounds on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors (body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, plasma lipids, inflammation and oxidative stress) in humans will be discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets in the prevention of T2D risk. However, the available evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials did not allow the identification of specific phenolic compounds or polyphenol-rich foods that effectively improve cardio-metabolic risk factors. The most promising results in terms of the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors derive from RCTs based on a long-term intake of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages. Therefore, future studies should focus on a diet containing different classes of polyphenols rather than a specific food or phenolic compound. The hypothesis is that a polyphenol-rich diet may have a pleiotropic effect on cardiometabolic risk factors thanks to the specific action of different polyphenol subclasses. CONCLUSION The lack of conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of polyphenols in the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors does not allow recommendation of their use as supplements to reduce T2D and CVD risk. However, the daily consumption of naturally polyphenol-rich foods and beverages might be advised according to the current nutritional dietary recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Science of National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fatati
- Unit of Diabetology, Dietology and Clinical Nutrition, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy; Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria I Maiorino
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Italy; Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Parillo
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anna and St. Sebastian Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Danila Pistis
- Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy; ATS Sardegna U.O. Diabetologia Poliambulatorio Quartu S.E. Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Tubili
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Diabetes Unit, "S.Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Wotherspoon A, Elshahat S, McAlinden N, Dean K, Young IS, Sharpe PC, Blankenburg S, Patterson CC, McKinley MC, Evans A, Woodside JV. Effect of Moderate Red Wine versus Vodka Consumption on Inflammatory Markers Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:495-500. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1695234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wotherspoon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarah Elshahat
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicholas McAlinden
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Katrina Dean
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian S. Young
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter C. Sharpe
- Clinical Biochemistry, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, UK
| | | | - Chris C. Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Michelle C. McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Alun Evans
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
| | - Jayne V. Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, Belfast, UK
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Relation of Alcohol Consumption to Left Ventricular Fibrosis Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:460-465. [PMID: 30473327 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Light-to-moderate regular alcohol consumption has been associated with reduced mortality, heart failure, and sudden death, with a well described "U-shaped" relationship. We sought to determine whether markers of diffuse ventricular fibrosis as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) T1 mapping differ between nondrinkers and regular drinkers. We prospectively recruited 165 participants to undergo 3T CMR ventricular T1 mapping which included 120 regular light-to-moderate drinkers (7 to 28 standard drinks per week for >12 months) and 45 age and gender-matched nondrinking controls (1 standard drink ∼12 g alcohol). Diffuse ventricular fibrosis was assessed using ShMOLLI T1 mapping sequences performed in mid-short axis. Native T1, postcontrast T1 times and extracellular volume were compared in the left ventricle between regular drinkers and lifelong nondrinkers. In total 165 participants (mean age 59 ± 12 years, 70% male, 36% hypertension, mean LVEF 58 ± 11%) underwent CMR. Moderate alcohol intake (mean alcohol intake 16 ± 6 SDs/week) was associated with lower markers of diffuse ventricular fibrosis: native T1 time 1140 ± 47 vs 1173 ± 39 ms, p < 0.001; postcontrast T1 time 470 ± 47 vs 445 ± 43 ms, p = 0.01; extracellular volume 25.0 ± 2.7% vs 27.0 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003 despite similar LV size (p = 0.55) and mass compared with nondrinkers (p = 0.78). Quantity of alcohol intake and beverage type did not predict lower native T1 times. In conclusion, light-to-moderate or "social" alcohol consumption is associated with T1 changes on CMR suggestive of a reduction in diffuse ventricular fibrosis. These preliminary findings may provide some insights into the association between modest alcohol intake and reduction in sudden death and heart failure.
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Fragopoulou E, Choleva M, Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Wine and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive review of clinical trials. Metabolism 2018; 83:102-119. [PMID: 29408458 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of the term "French Paradox" motivated an extensive and in-depth research into health benefits of moderate wine consumption. The superiority of wine is thought to be attributed to its micro-constituents and consequent effort was made to isolate and identify these bioactive compounds as well as to elucidate the mechanisms of their action. Controlled trials offer more concrete answers to several raised questions than observational studies. Under this perspective, clinical trials have been implemented, mainly in healthy volunteers and rarely in patients, in order to investigate the acute or chronic effect of wine consumption on metabolism and physio-pathological systems, which are mainly associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge about the acute and long term effect of wine consumption on lipid and glucose/insulin metabolism as well as on the inflammatory and haemostatic systems, based on the reported data of controlled clinical trials. In conclusion, the most repeated result of wine consumption is on lipid metabolism, attributed mainly to ethanol, while wine micro-constituents seem to have an important role mainly in haemostatic and inflammatory/endothelial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition -Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Choleva
- Department of Nutrition -Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition -Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Demopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Dewell A, Tsao P, Rigdon J, Gardner CD. Antioxidants from diet or supplements do not alter inflammatory markers in adults with cardiovascular disease risk. A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2018; 50:63-72. [PMID: 29540273 PMCID: PMC5858717 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects, but there is a lack of research comparing food to supplement antioxidant sources. The aim of this study was to determine if increases in intake of foods naturally rich in antioxidants would lower blood levels of inflammatory markers more than consuming antioxidant supplements among adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eighty-eight generally healthy adults with ≥1 elevated risk factor for cardiovascular disease were randomized in a single-blind (diets)/double-blind (supplements), parallel-group study for 8 weeks. Participants consumed (1) usual diet and placebo pills (n = 29), (2) usual diet and antioxidant supplements (n = 29), or (3) antioxidant-rich foods closely matched to antioxidant content of supplements and placebo (n = 30). Usual diet combined with antioxidant supplements or increased antioxidant-rich food intake was designed to approximately double daily habitual antioxidant intake. Antioxidant pills included carotenoids, mixed tocopherols, vitamin C, and selenium. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory marker concentrations of interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Participants in the intervention groups successfully doubled most antioxidants as verified by diet records and elevated blood concentrations in treatment groups. Baseline levels of inflammatory markers for the entire study group were 110 ± 65 pg/mL for monocyte chemotactic protein-1, 0.9 ± 0.7 pg/mL for interleukin-6, and 217 ± 56 ng/mL for soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (means ± standard deviation) and did not differ by treatment arm. After 8 weeks, there were no significant within-group changes or between-group 8-week change differences in inflammatory marker concentrations. In conclusion, no beneficial effects were detected on the inflammatory markers investigated in response to antioxidants from foods or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dewell
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA
| | - Philip Tsao
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph Rigdon
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA.
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Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Xu Z, Shen J, Du X, Zhang H, Zhang K, Zhang D. Experimental study of the anti-atherosclerotic effect of demethylzeylasteral. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2787-2792. [PMID: 28587342 PMCID: PMC5450521 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to confirm that atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease and to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of demethylzeylasteral by testing the immunocompetent cells and inflammatory mediators in the blood and atherosclerotic plaques of the rabbit model of AS. For this purpose, 60 male New Zealand white rabbits were given 150 g high-fat diet (1% cholesterol, 5% lard, and 15% egg yolk powder) daily for a total of 90 days. On day 61, the rabbits were randomly divided into the saline group (n=15), the rosuvastatin group (n=15), the low-dose demethylzeylasteral group (n=15), and the high-dose demethylzeylasteral group (n=15). The CD3+ T lymphocytes and the subsets CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+, as well as the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were measured before and after the treatment. The contents of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and the levels of complements C3 and C4 were also monitored. In addition, the level of anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) antibody, the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the blood lipids triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured, and the severity of plaque lesions was also evaluated. Our results showed that the saline group, the rosuvastatin group and the low-dose demethylzeylasteral group had significantly lower activated T lymphocyte parameters CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ (P<0.05), and significantly higher levels of sIL-2R, immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM, complements C3 and C4, anti-ox-LDL antibody, TNF-α, IL-6 and MMP-9 (P<0.01) when compared with the high-dose demethylzeylasteral group. Moreover, TG, TC, LDL-C contents were found significantly lower and their HDL-C contents were significantly higher in high-dose demethylzeylasteral group (P<0.01) as compared to the other three groups. Furthermore, Sudan staining and haematoxylin and eosin staining of the thoracic aorta showed that, after 30-day treatment, the high-dose demethylzeylasteral group had the smoothest intima and the lightest plaque lesions among the four groups. Based on these results, we concluded that AS is a systemic immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease and the relatively high dose of demethylzeylasteral used in the treatment of atherosclerotic rabbits could significantly alleviate AS. This implies that demethylzeylasteral may be considered as a suitable drug for anti-immunization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Huang Lou Community Health Center, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Chunya Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Huanhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Kangjian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
| | - Daifu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201200, P.R. China
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The Antiinflammatory Potential of Flavonoids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63602-7.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Torres A, Cachofeiro V, Millán J, Lahera V, Nieto M, Martín R, Bello E, Alvarez-Sala L. Red wine intake but not other alcoholic beverages increases total antioxidant capacity and improves pro-inflammatory profile after an oral fat diet in healthy volunteers. Rev Clin Esp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Torres A, Cachofeiro V, Millán J, Lahera V, Nieto M, Martín R, Bello E, Alvarez-Sala L. Red wine intake but not other alcoholic beverages increases total antioxidant capacity and improves pro-inflammatory profile after an oral fat diet in healthy volunteers. Rev Clin Esp 2015; 215:486-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
The heart and vascular system are susceptible to the harmful effects of alcohol. Alcohol is an active toxin that undergoes widespread diffusion throughout the body, causing multiple synchronous and synergistic effects. Alcohol consumption decreases myocardial contractility and induces arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy, resulting in progressive cardiovascular dysfunction and structural damage. Alcohol, whether at binge doses or a high cumulative lifetime consumption-both of which should be discouraged-is clearly deleterious for the cardiovascular system, increasing the incidence of total and cardiovascular mortality, coronary and peripheral artery disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus. However, epidemiological, case-control studies and meta-analyses have shown a U-type bimodal relationship so that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption (particularly of wine or beer) is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular events and mortality, compared with abstention. Potential confounding influences-alcohol-dose quantification, tobacco use, diet, exercise, lifestyle, cancer risk, accidents, and dependence-can affect the results of studies of both low-dose and high-dose alcohol consumption. Mendelian methodological approaches have led to doubts regarding the beneficial cardiovascular effects of alcohol, and the overall balance of beneficial and detrimental effects should be considered when making individual and population-wide recommendations, as reductions in alcohol consumption should provide overall health benefits.
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Joseph SV, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Fruit Polyphenols: A Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects in Humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:419-44. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.767221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chiva-Blanch G, Magraner E, Condines X, Valderas-Martínez P, Roth I, Arranz S, Casas R, Navarro M, Hervas A, Sisó A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Quifer-Rada P, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Effects of alcohol and polyphenols from beer on atherosclerotic biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk men: a randomized feeding trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:36-45. [PMID: 25183453 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Moderate alcohol consumption exerts a cardioprotective effect, but no studies have evaluated the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the non-alcoholic components of beer. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and the phenolic compounds of beer on classical and novel cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-three high risk male volunteers were included in a randomized, crossover feeding trial. After a washout period, all subjects received beer (30 g alcohol/d, 660 mL), the equivalent amount of polyphenols as non-alcoholic beer (990 mL), and gin (30 g alcohol/d, 100 mL) for 4 weeks. All outcomes were evaluated before and after each intervention period. Moderate alcohol consumption increased serum HDL-cholesterol (∼5%), ApoA-I (∼6%), ApoA-II (∼7%) and adiponectin (∼7%), and decreased serum fibrinogen (∼8%), and interleukin (IL)-5 (∼14%) concentrations, whereas the non-alcoholic fraction of beer (mainly polyphenols) increased the receptor antagonist of IL-1 (∼24%), and decreased lymphocyte expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (∼11%), lymphocyte and monocyte expression of Sialil-Lewis X (∼16%) and monocyte expression of CCR2 (∼31%), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β (∼14%) and IL-15 (∼22%) plasma concentrations. No changes were observed in glucose metabolism parameters or in body weight and adiposity parameters. CONCLUSION The phenolic content of beer reduces leukocyte adhesion molecules and inflammatory biomarkers, whereas alcohol mainly improves the lipid profile and reduces some plasma inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - E Magraner
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Condines
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Valderas-Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - I Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - S Arranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - R Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - M Navarro
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hervas
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sisó
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Huélamo
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vallverdú-Queralt
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Quifer-Rada
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
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Vilahur G, Casani L, Mendieta G, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R, Badimon L. Beer elicits vasculoprotective effects through Akt/eNOS activation. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1177-88. [PMID: 25323945 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy regarding the effect of alcohol beverage intake in vascular vasodilatory function in peripheral arteries. The effects of beer intake in coronary vasodilation remain unknown. We investigated whether regular beer intake (alcohol and alcohol-free) protects against hypercholesterolaemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms behind this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pigs were fed 10 days: (i) a Western-type hypercholesterolaemic diet (WD); (ii) WD+low-dose beer (12·5 g alcohol/day); (iii) WD+moderate-dose beer (25 g alcohol/day); or (iv) WD+moderate-dose alcohol-free-beer (0·0 g alcohol/day). Coronary responses to endothelium-dependent vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine: receptor mediated; calcium ionophore-A23189: nonreceptor mediated), endothelium-independent vasoactive drug (SNP) and L-NMMA (NOS-antagonist) were evaluated in the LAD coronary artery by flow Doppler. Coronary Akt/eNOS activation, MCP-1 expression, oxidative DNA damage and superoxide production were assessed. Lipid profile, lipoproteins resistance to oxidation and urinary isoxanthohumol concentration were evaluated. RESULTS Alcoholic and nonalcoholic beer intake prevented WD-induced impairment of receptor- and non-receptor-operated endothelial-dependent coronary vasodilation. All animals displayed a similar vasodilatory response to SNP and L-NMMA blunted all endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation responses. Haemodynamic parameters remained unchanged. Coronary arteries showed lower DNA damage and increased Akt/eNOS axis activation in beer-fed animals. Animals taking beer showed HDL with higher antioxidant capacity, higher LDL resistance to oxidation and increased isoxanthohumol levels. Weight, lipids levels, liver enzymes and MCP-1 expression were not affected by beer intake. CONCLUSIONS Non-alcoholic-related beer components protect against hyperlipemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by counteracting vascular oxidative damage and preserving the Akt/eNOS pathway. Light-to-moderate beer consumption prevents and/or reduces the endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Peluso I, Miglio C, Morabito G, Ioannone F, Serafini M. Flavonoids and Immune Function in Human: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:383-95. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.656770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ethanol inhibits activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in human macrophages--a novel anti-inflammatory action of alcohol. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78537. [PMID: 24244322 PMCID: PMC3823849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis, local macrophage-driven inflammation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in particular, are recognized as key factors. Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease mortality. Here we examined in cultured human macrophages whether ethanol modulates the intracellular processes involved in the secretion of IL-1β. Results Ethanol decreased dose-dependently the production of mature IL-1β induced by activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, i.e. ATP, cholesterol crystals, serum amyloid A and nigericin. Ethanol had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 or IL1B mRNA in LPS-primed macrophages. Moreover, secretion of IL-1β was decreased in parallel with reduction of caspase-1 activation, demonstrating that ethanol inhibits inflammasome activation instead of synthesis of pro-IL-1β. Acetaldehyde, a highly reactive metabolite of ethanol, had no effect on the ATP-induced IL-1β secretion. Ethanol also attenuated the secretion of IL-1β triggered by synthetic double-stranded DNA, an activator of the AIM2 inflammasome. Ethanol conferred the inhibitory functions by attenuating the disruption of lysosomal integrity and ensuing leakage of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B and by reducing oligomerization of ASC. Conclusion Ethanol-induced inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages may represent a biological pathway underlying the protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease.
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Zheng JS, Yu Y, Yang J, Xu XJ, Hu XJ, Luo M, Li D. Postprandial effects of two Chinese liquors on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in young men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 100:302-11. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Peluso I, Raguzzini A, Serafini M. Effect of flavonoids on circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:784-801. [PMID: 23471810 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological or in vitro evidence suggests a potential role for flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents; we investigated the effect of flavonoids-rich foods or supplements on tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in long-term placebo-controlled human intervention trials. From 110 human intervention studies selected (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CHORANE, and FSTA databases), 32 long-term placebo-controlled trials were suitable for meta-analysis. After sensitivity analysis, seven studies imputed of bias were excluded and 25 studies were analyzed (TNF-α, n = 2404; IL-6, n = 2174). Levels of TNF-α decreased after flavonoid consumption in the fixed model only (mean difference (MD) (95% CI): -0.098 (-0.188, -0.009), p = 0.032), but metaregression results showed that neither higher dose, nor a longer duration of intervention were associated with a greater effect size. Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant effect for quercetin and soy, but other sources (red wine, pomegranate, and tea extracts) showed a significant effect size both in fixed (MD (95% CI): TNF-α -0.449 (-0.619, -0.280), p < 0.001; IL-6 -0.346 (-0.612, -0.079), p = 0.011) and random (MD (95% CI): TNF-α -0.783 (-1.476, -0.090), p = 0.027; IL-6, -0.556 (-1.062, -0.050), p = 0.031) effect models. High-quality placebo-controlled trials are needed in order to identify flavonoids as the active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Ex National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research (INRAN), Rome, Italy
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Vázquez-Fresno R, Llorach R, Alcaro F, Rodríguez MÁ, Vinaixa M, Chiva-Blanch G, Estruch R, Correig X, Andrés-Lacueva C. (1)H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis of the effect of moderate wine consumption on subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2345-54. [PMID: 22887155 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Moderate wine consumption is associated with health-promoting activities. An H-NMR-based metabolomic approach was used to identify urinary metabolomic differences of moderate wine intake in the setting of a prospective, randomized, crossover, and controlled trial. Sixty-one male volunteers with high cardiovascular risk factors followed three dietary interventions (28 days): dealcoholized red wine (RWD) (272mL/day, polyphenol control), alcoholized red wine (RWA) (272mL/day) and gin (GIN) (100mL/day, alcohol control). After each period, 24-h urine samples were collected and analyzed by (1) H-NMR. According to the results of a one-way ANOVA, significant markers were grouped in four categories: alcohol-related markers (ethanol); gin-related markers; wine-related markers; and gut microbiota markers (hippurate and 4-hydroxphenylacetic acid). Wine metabolites were classified into two groups; first, metabolites of food metabolome: tartrate (RWA and RWD), ethanol, and mannitol (RWA); and second, biomarkers that relates to endogenous modifications after wine consumption, comprising branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolite (3-methyl-oxovalerate). Additionally, a possible interaction between alcohol and gut-related biomarkers has been identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this approach has been applied in a nutritional intervention with red wine. The results show the capacity of this approach to obtain a comprehensive metabolome picture including food metabolome and endogenous biomarkers of moderate wine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vázquez-Fresno
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of grape skin polyphenols in a murine model of breast cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3462-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hort MA, Schuldt EZ, Bet ÂC, DalBó S, Siqueira JM, Ianssen C, Abatepaulo F, de Souza HP, Veleirinho B, Maraschin M, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM. Anti-Atherogenic Effects of a Phenol-Rich Fraction from Brazilian Red Wine (Vitis labrusca L.) in Hypercholesterolemic Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice. J Med Food 2012; 15:936-44. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Appel Hort
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elke Zuleika Schuldt
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ângela Cristina Bet
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Silvia DalBó
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Mota Siqueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carla Ianssen
- Laboratory of Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry, Agricultural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fátima Abatepaulo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Veleirinho
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Laboratory of Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry, Agricultural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Ribeiro-do-Valle
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Shirpoor A, Salami S, Khadem-Ansari MH, Heshmatian B, Ilkhanizadeh B. Long-term ethanol consumption initiates atherosclerosis in rat aorta through inflammatory stress and endothelial dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zheng JS, Yang J, Huang T, Hu XJ, Luo M, Li D. Effects of Chinese liquors on cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy young humans. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:372143. [PMID: 22919307 PMCID: PMC3415196 DOI: 10.1100/2012/372143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To elucidate whether consumption of two Chinese liquors, tea-flavor liquor (TFL) and traditional Chinese liquor (TCL) have protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in healthy human subjects. Methods. Forty-five healthy subjects (23 men, 22 women), aged 23–28, were recruited and randomized into two groups: TFL and TCL, and consumed 30 mL/day (45% (v/v) alcohol) of either liquor for 28 days. Results. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C/LDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly increased, and total cholesterol (TC) and TC/HDL-C were significantly decreased after the intervention in both groups (P < 0.05). Serum uric acid (P = 0.004 for TFL, P = 0.001 for TCL), glucose (P < 0.001 for TFL, P < 0.001 for TCL) and endothelial adhesion molecules (P < 0.05) were significantly decreased after the intervention. ADP-induced whole blood platelet aggregation was also significantly decreased after the intervention in both TFL and TCL groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions. TFL and TCL consumption had protective effects on CVD risk factors in young humans. However, the results were valid only for 28 days, and that the possibility of adverse effect (liver, kidney) of chronic alcohol consumption should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abel T, Blázovics A, Wimmer A, Bekő G, Gaál B, Blazics B, Gamal Eldin M, Fehér J, Lengyel G. [Effect of "Pintes" white wine on metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:861-5. [PMID: 22641261 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality in the general population. Relatively few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of white wine on insulin sensitivity. AIMS The authors studied the impact of moderate Pintes white wine consumption on insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters. METHODS The prospective study involved 18 patients with metabolic syndrome. The patients consumed Pintes white wine for 4 weeks, and parameters were measured before and after consumption. RESULTS The HOMA-IR decreased significantly after white wine consumption (2.28±2.04 vs 1.08±0.6; p = 0.002). There were no changes in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels. CONCLUSION White wine consumption improved insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjána Abel
- MH Honvédkórház Szakrendelő Intézet Budapest Róbert Károly.
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Zamora-Ros R, Urpi-Sarda M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Arós F, Fitó M, Lapetra J, Estruch R, Andres-Lacueva C. High urinary levels of resveratrol metabolites are associated with a reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk patients. Pharmacol Res 2012; 65:615-20. [PMID: 22465220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Marques-Vidal P, Bochud M, Bastardot F, von Känel R, Ferrero F, Gaspoz JM, Paccaud F, Urwyler A, Lüscher T, Hock C, Waeber G, Preisig M, Vollenweider P. Associations between alcohol consumption and selected cytokines in a Swiss population-based sample (CoLaus study). Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:245-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Alcohol and cardiovascular disease--modulation of vascular cell function. Nutrients 2012; 4:297-318. [PMID: 22606372 PMCID: PMC3347010 DOI: 10.3390/nu4040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a commonly used drug worldwide. Epidemiological studies have identified alcohol consumption as a factor that may either positively or negatively influence many diseases including cardiovascular disease, certain cancers and dementia. Often there seems to be a differential effect of various drinking patterns, with frequent moderate consumption of alcohol being salutary and binge drinking or chronic abuse being deleterious to one’s health. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the many effects of alcohol consumption is beginning to emerge, as well as a clearer picture as to whether these effects are due to the direct actions of alcohol itself, or caused in part by its metabolites, e.g., acetaldehyde, or by incidental components present in the alcoholic beverage (e.g., polyphenols in red wine). This review will discuss evidence to date as to how alcohol (ethanol) might affect atherosclerosis that underlies cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and the putative mechanisms involved, focusing on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland;
| | - Eileen M. Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-585-275-2870
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36
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Potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: current perspectives in research. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71:307-15. [PMID: 22391060 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of moderate amounts of alcohol for a better health and longer life expectancy compared with abstinence have been suggested by the findings of numerous studies. However, controversies have emerged regarding the influence of confounding factors and the systematic errors that might have been inadvertently disregarded in the early studies. This review includes a description of the findings of those research studies published in the last 5 years on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on all-cause mortality, CVD and inflammation, the immune system, insulin sensitivity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancer. Promising evidences exist from both animal studies and human clinical trials regarding intermediate end-points of CHD and insulin sensitivity, such as HDL, adiponectin or fibrinogen. However, controversies and inconsistent findings exist regarding many of these diseases and related functions and biomarkers. Further research and human randomised-controlled trials with adequate standardisation of the study conditions are necessary in order to draw a comparison between studies, establish the causal effect of moderate alcohol intake on disease protection and reach consensus on the circumstances that allow the recommendation of moderate alcohol habitual intakes as a strategy for health maintenance.
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Chiva-Blanch G, Urpi-Sarda M, Llorach R, Rotches-Ribalta M, Guillén M, Casas R, Arranz S, Valderas-Martinez P, Portoles O, Corella D, Tinahones F, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Andres-Lacueva C, Estruch R. Differential effects of polyphenols and alcohol of red wine on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines related to atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:326-34. [PMID: 22205309 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few clinical studies have focused on the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the phenolic compounds of red wine (RW). OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Sixty-seven high-risk, male volunteers were included in a randomized, crossover consumption trial. After a washout period, all subjects received RW (30 g alcohol/d), the equivalent amount of dealcoholized red wine (DRW), or gin (30 g alcohol/d) for 4 wk. Before and after each intervention period, 7 cellular and 18 serum inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated. RESULTS Alcohol increased IL-10 and decreased macrophage-derived chemokine concentrations, whereas the phenolic compounds of RW decreased serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and IL-6 and inhibited the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in T lymphocytes and macrophage-1 receptor, Sialil-Lewis X, and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 expression in monocytes. Both ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW downregulated serum concentrations of CD40 antigen, CD40 ligand, IL-16, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the phenolic content of RW may modulate leukocyte adhesion molecules, whereas both ethanol and polyphenols of RW may modulate soluble inflammatory mediators in high-risk patients. The trial was registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register at http://www.isrctn.org/ as ISRCTN88720134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Pozo-Bayón MÁ, Monagas M, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Wine features related to safety and consumer health: an integrated perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:31-54. [PMID: 21991989 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.489398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a global view of the current situation of the scientific knowledge about aspects of wine with possible repercussions (positive or negative) on consumer health and wine safety. The presence in wine of some potential harmful compounds such as phytosanitary products, trace metal compounds, sulfites, and some toxics of microbial origin, such as ochratoxin A, ethyl carbamate, and biogenic amines, is discussed. The different strategies and alternative methodologies that are being carried out to reduce or to avoid the presence of these substances in wines are also discussed. In recent years much work has focused on establishing the scientific explanations for the positive biological effects of some wine compounds. In this review, we also examine the latest knowledge regarding wine and health, focusing on two types of compounds that have been related to the positive effects of moderate wine consumption, such as phenolic compounds and bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Pozo-Bayón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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39
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Moderate alcohol consumption alters both leucocyte gene expression profiles and circulating proteins related to immune response and lipid metabolism in men. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:620-7. [PMID: 22142458 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption has various effects on immune and inflammatory processes, which could accumulatively modulate chronic disease risk. So far, no comprehensive, integrative profiling has been performed to investigate the effects of longer-term alcohol consumption. Therefore, we studied the effects of alcohol consumption on gene expression patterns using large-scale profiling of whole-genome transcriptomics in blood cells and on a number of proteins in blood. In a randomised, open-label, cross-over trial, twenty-four young, normal-weight men consumed 100 ml vodka (30 g alcohol) with 200 ml orange juice or only orange juice daily during dinner for 4 weeks. After each period, blood was sampled for measuring gene expression and selected proteins. Pathway analysis of 345 down-regulated and 455 up-regulated genes revealed effects of alcohol consumption on various signalling responses, immune processes and lipid metabolism. Among the signalling processes, the most prominently changed was glucocorticoid receptor signalling. A network on immune response showed a down-regulated NF-κB gene expression together with increased plasma adiponectin and decreased pro-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-18, and acute-phase proteins ferritin and α1-antitrypsin concentrations (all P < 0.05) after alcohol consumption. Furthermore, a network of gene expression changes related to lipid metabolism was observed, with a central role for PPARα which was supported by increased HDL-cholesterol and several apo concentrations (all P < 0.05) after alcohol consumption. In conclusion, an integrated approach of profiling both genes and proteins in blood showed that 4 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption altered immune responses and lipid metabolism.
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Milenkovic D, Deval C, Dubray C, Mazur A, Morand C. Hesperidin displays relevant role in the nutrigenomic effect of orange juice on blood leukocytes in human volunteers: a randomized controlled cross-over study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26669. [PMID: 22110589 PMCID: PMC3217928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously showed, in healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreases diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. The objective was to determine the effect of chronic consumption of orange juice on the gene expression profile of leukocytes in healthy volunteers and to assess to what extent hesperidin is involved in the effect of orange juice. Methodology/Principal Findings Volunteers were included in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Throughout three 4-week periods, volunteers consumed daily: 500 ml orange juice, 500 ml control drink plus hesperidin or 500 ml control drink and placebo. Blood samplings were performed on 10 overnight-fasted subjects after the 4-week treatment period. Global gene expression profiles were determined using human whole genome cDNA microarrays. Both orange juice and hesperidin consumption significantly affected leukocyte gene expression. Orange juice consumption induced changes in expression of, 3,422 genes, while hesperidin intake modulated the expression of 1,819 genes. Between the orange juice and hesperidin consumption groups, 1,582 regulated genes were in common. Many of these genes are implicated in chemotaxis, adhesion, infiltration and lipid transport, which is suggestive of lower recruitment and infiltration of circulating cells to vascular wall and lower lipid accumulation. Conclusions This study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin displays a relevant role in the genomic effect of this beverage. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00983086
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Piñeiro Z, Cantos-Villar E, Palma M, Puertas B. Direct liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in red wines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11683-11689. [PMID: 21950381 DOI: 10.1021/jf202254t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous quantification of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in red wines is described. Detection conditions for both compounds were optimized (excitation at 279 and 278 and emission at 631 and 598 nm for hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, respectively). The validation of the analytical method was based on selectivity, linearity, robustness, detection and quantification limits, repeatability, and recovery. The detection and quantification limits in red wines were set at 0.023 and 0.076 mg L(-1) for hydroxytyrosol and at 0.007 and 0.024 mg L(-1) for tyrosol determination, respectively. Precision values, both within-day and between-day (n = 5), remained below 3% for both compounds. In addition, a fractional factorial experimental design was developed to analyze the influence of six different conditions on analysis. The final optimized HPLC-fluorescence method allowed the analysis of 30 nonpretreated Spanish red wines to evaluate their hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Piñeiro
- IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Carretera de Trebujena, Km. 2.2, Apdo. 589, Jerez de la Frontera, 11471 Spain.
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42
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Red wine polyphenols protect n−3 more than n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acid from lipid peroxidation. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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What is new for an old molecule? Systematic review and recommendations on the use of resveratrol. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19881. [PMID: 21698226 PMCID: PMC3116821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol is a natural compound suggested to have beneficial health effects. However, people are consuming resveratrol for this reason without having the adequate scientific evidence for its effects in humans. Therefore, scientific valid recommendations concerning the human intake of resveratrol based on available published scientific data are necessary. Such recommendations were formulated after the Resveratrol 2010 conference, held in September 2010 in Helsingør, Denmark. Methodology Literature search in databases as PubMed and ISI Web of Science in combination with manual search was used to answer the following five questions: 1Can resveratrol be recommended in the prevention or treatment of human diseases?; 2Are there observed “side effects” caused by the intake of resveratrol in humans?; 3What is the relevant dose of resveratrol?; 4What valid data are available regarding an effect in various species of experimental animals?; 5Which relevant (overall) mechanisms of action of resveratrol have been documented? Conclusions/Significance The overall conclusion is that the published evidence is not sufficiently strong to justify a recommendation for the administration of resveratrol to humans, beyond the dose which can be obtained from dietary sources. On the other hand, animal data are promising in prevention of various cancer types, coronary heart diseases and diabetes which strongly indicate the need for human clinical trials. Finally, we suggest directions for future research in resveratrol regarding its mechanism of action and its safety and toxicology in human subjects.
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Brien SE, Ronksley PE, Turner BJ, Mukamal KJ, Ghali WA. Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ 2011; 342:d636. [PMID: 21343206 PMCID: PMC3043110 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review interventional studies of the effects of alcohol consumption on 21 biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease in adults without known cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline (1950 to October 2009) and Embase (1980 to October 2009) without limits. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently selected studies that examined adults without known cardiovascular disease and that compared fasting levels of specific biological markers associated with coronary heart disease after alcohol use with those after a period of no alcohol use (controls). 4690 articles were screened for eligibility, the full texts of 124 studies reviewed, and 63 relevant articles selected. RESULTS Of 63 eligible studies, 44 on 13 biomarkers were meta-analysed in fixed or random effects models. Quality was assessed by sensitivity analysis of studies grouped by design. Analyses were stratified by type of beverage (wine, beer, spirits). Alcohol significantly increased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled mean difference 0.094 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.064 to 0.123), apolipoprotein A1 (0.101 g/L, 0.073 to 0.129), and adiponectin (0.56 mg/L, 0.39 to 0.72). Alcohol showed a dose-response relation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (test for trend P = 0.013). Alcohol decreased fibrinogen levels (-0.20 g/L, -0.29 to -0.11) but did not affect triglyceride levels. Results were similar for crossover and before and after studies, and across beverage types. CONCLUSIONS Favourable changes in several cardiovascular biomarkers (higher levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin and lower levels of fibrinogen) provide indirect pathophysiological support for a protective effect of moderate alcohol use on coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Brien
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Calgary Institute for Population and Public Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6
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Dealcoholised beers reduce atherosclerosis and expression of adhesion molecules in apoE-deficient mice. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:721-30. [PMID: 21134332 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols exert beneficial effects in atherosclerosis. The crucial step in atherosclerosis is the recruitment of monocytes to the subendothelial space, induced by endothelial adhesion molecules through the activation of factors such as NF-κB. We studied the effect of a dealcoholised lager beer (DLB) and a dealcoholised dark beer (DDB) on atherosclerotic lesions, and the underlying mechanisms. Dealcoholised beers were administered in the diet (42 ml/kg body weight per d) to 4-week-old male apoE knockout (apoE - / - ) mice for 20 weeks. The atherosclerotic lesions in the thoracic aorta were reduced by 44 % (P = 0·003) and 51 % (P < 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively. Also, the mRNA expressions of the endothelial adhesion molecules in the total aorta were decreased: P-selectin showed a 17 % (P = 0·004) reduction in DDB-treated mice; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was decreased by 20 % (P = 0·012) and 32 % (P = 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) showed a 14 % (P = 0·014) reduction in DLB-treated mice. The protein expressions of these molecules and NF-κB were studied in the aortic root. P-selectin was decreased by 37 % (P = 0·012) in DDB-treated mice; VCAM-1 was reduced by 48 % (P = 0·001) and 54 % (P < 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; ICAM-1 was decreased by 25 % (P = 0·028) and 30 % (P = 0·018) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; NF-κB was reduced by 46 % (P = 0·042) in DDB-treated mice. In conclusion, dealcoholised beers protected apoE - / - mice against atherosclerosis, through the modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, possibly induced by NF-κB.
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Effect of lignin-derived lignophenols on vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 348:117-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Social acceptance of drinking involves social and cultural roles and has important implications for public health. Since extensive evidence indicates that alcohol possesses immunomodulatory properties, scientists have recently debated the influence of alcohol consumption on the immune response, particularly in countries where drinking in a social setting is a part of cultural identity. Experimental and clinical data support the conclusion that alcohol is a potent immunomodulator. While high alcohol consumption suppresses a wide range of immune responses, leading to an increased incidence of a number of infectious diseases, moderate alcohol consumption may have a beneficial impact on the immune system, compared to alcohol abuse or abstinence, most likely due to the multiple components of polyphenol-rich alcoholic contributing to the protective effect seen for moderate alcohol consumption on CVD and the immune system. Despite this, the scientific literature appears to be concerned about the diseases associated with excessive drinking in some societies and cultures. Thus, the present review recognizes the importance to consider social and cultural aspects of drinking when examining the whole dimension of alcohol consumption (amount, beverage type, frequency and variability), in order to estimate global risk of consequences on host defence to better understand alcohol-related harm or benefit.
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Mukai Y, Sato S. Polyphenol-containing azuki bean (Vigna angularis) seed coats attenuate vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:16-21. [PMID: 20185287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) seed coats (ABSC), which contain polyphenols, on the vascular oxidative stress and inflammation associated with hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into 2 groups each. One group was fed 0% ABSC; the other, a 1.0% ABSC-containing diet. Tail systolic blood pressure (SBP) was examined throughout ABSC treatment. At 8 weeks, vascular superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. mRNA expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in the aorta were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by western blotting. Polyphenol-containing ABSC suppressed the elevation of SBP throughout the treatment period. The NADPH-stimulated O(2)(-) level decreased significantly in the aorta of ABSC-treated SHR compared with the level of untreated SHR. The p47phox and Nox4 mRNA expression increased significantly in untreated SHR compared with that in WKY rats. Conversely, the level of p47phox mRNA was significantly lower in ABSC-treated SHR than in untreated SHR. The protein abundance of both iNOS and COX-2 was significantly decreased in the aorta of the ABSC-treated SHR compared with this abundance in untreated SHR. The MCP-1 and CCR2 mRNA expressions increased in untreated SHR, and these levels were significantly lower in ABSC-treated SHR. In conclusion, our results suggested that polyphenol-containing ABSC could attenuate vascular oxidative stress and inflammation during the progression of hypertension, and this may lead to an improvement in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Mukai
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
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Laudisio A, Marzetti E, Pagano F, Pozzi G, Bernabei R, Zuccalà G. Depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome: selective association in older women. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2009; 22:215-22. [PMID: 19423752 DOI: 10.1177/0891988709335793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is being increasingly found in older populations. Depressive symptoms are prevalent in elderly populations, and they are associated with adverse outcomes, chiefly cardiovascular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the 30-item geriatric depression scale (GDS) score with MetS, as defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria, in all 353 participants aged 75+ years living in Tuscania (Italy). Metabolic syndrome was associated with the GDS score in a multivariable linear regression analysis in women (beta s= 2.14, 95% CI = 0.14 to 4.14; P = .036), but not in men (beta = -.84, 95% CI = -3.17 to 1.49; P = .476), after adjusting. Analysis of the interaction term confirmed (P = .022) that such an association differed according to sex. Metabolic syndrome is independently associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older women. Older women with depression should be prompted to undergo screening for MetS. Conversely, elderly women with MetS should be assessed for affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laudisio
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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Monagas M, Khan N, Andres-Lacueva C, Casas R, Urpí-Sardà M, Llorach R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Estruch R. Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1144-50. [PMID: 19776136 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have suggested that flavonoid intake plays a critical role in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Because atherosclerosis is considered a low-grade inflammatory disease, some feeding trials have analyzed the effects of cocoa (an important source of flavonoids) on inflammatory biomarkers, but the results have been controversial. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of chronic cocoa consumption on cellular and serum biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in high-risk patients. DESIGN Forty-two high-risk volunteers (19 men and 23 women; mean +/- SD age: 69.7 +/- 11.5 y) were included in a randomized crossover feeding trial. All subjects received 40 g cocoa powder with 500 mL skim milk/d (C+M) or only 500 mL skim milk/d (M) for 4 wk. Before and after each intervention period, cellular and serum inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis were evaluated. RESULTS Adherence to the dietary protocol was excellent. No significant changes in the expression of adhesion molecules on T lymphocyte surfaces were found between the C+M and M groups. However, in monocytes, the expression of VLA-4, CD40, and CD36 was significantly lower (P = 0.005, 0.028, and 0.001, respectively) after C+M intake than after M intake. In addition, serum concentrations of the soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower (both P = 0.007) after C+M intake than after M intake. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the intake of cocoa polyphenols may modulate inflammatory mediators in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. These antiinflammatory effects may contribute to the overall benefits of cocoa consumption against atherosclerosis. This trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials at London, International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number, at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN75176807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monagas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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