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Kracht CL, Neshteruk CD, Moding KJ, Rolke LJ, Wagner BE, Kielb E, Ferrante MJ, Robinson C, Keinsley J, Colella J, Speirs KE, Luecking CT. Community-based diet and obesity-related policy, system, and environmental interventions for obesity prevention during the first 1000 days: A scoping review. Obes Rev 2024:e13815. [PMID: 39159998 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Community-based policy, systems, and environmental interventions have the potential to reduce modifiable risk factors for obesity early in life. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize the breadth, generalizability, and methodological quality of community-based diet and obesity-related policy, system, and environmental interventions during the first 1000 days of life, from pregnancy to 24 months of age. Eight databases were searched, and 83 studies (122 references) were included. Data were extracted for breadth (intervention characteristics), generalizability (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance), and study quality (Downs and Black Checklist). Systems and environmental approaches were common (> 80%), relative to policy approaches (39%). The majority (60-69%) occurred in the prenatal period and early infancy (0-3 months), assessed breastfeeding or child growth/obesity (53% for both), and included people with lower income (80%) or racial and/or ethnic minority groups (63%). Many interventions reported positive outcomes (i.e., in the expected direction) for child diet, breastfeeding, and feeding practices (> 62%). Few reported intervention maintenance or spanned the full 1000 days. Most studies were classified as good (32%) or fair (56%) methodological quality. The interventions mainly addressed pregnancy and early infancy. Rigorous and representative investigation is needed to improve intervention reach, sustainability, and application in toddlerhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Kracht
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Cody D Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kameron J Moding
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Laura J Rolke
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brooke E Wagner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kielb
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Ferrante
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Cayla Robinson
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason Keinsley
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jordan Colella
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katherine E Speirs
- Human Development and Family Science, John and Doris Norton School of Human Ecology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Courtney T Luecking
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Chan J, Conroy P, Phongsavan P, Raubenheimer D, Allman-Farinelli M. Systems map of interventions to improve dietary intake of pre-school aged children: A scoping review. Prev Med 2023; 177:107727. [PMID: 37848165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Implementation and sustaining impact of early childhood nutrition interventions in practice remains a challenge. An understanding of the extent to which determinants across multiple levels of the food system are being addressed may improve success. This literature review aimed to synthesise the evidence on interventions targeting dietary intake and eating behaviours in preschool children using a systems approach. Eligible studies included intervention studies targeting the dietary intake of preschool children aged 2-5 years in high income countries, published in English after January 2000. Interventions were categorised to the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating (DONE) framework for children developed and evaluated by experts across multiple fields. The framework maps and ranks 411 factors driving eating behaviours and nutrition and can be used to systematically summarise determinants. DONE ranks each determinant for its perceived research priority. A total of 160 eligible studies were identified. Most interventions targeted interpersonal (n = 101, 63.1%) and individual (n = 85, 53.1%) level determinants, with fewer targeting environmental (n = 55, 34.4%) and policy level (n = 17, 10.6%) determinants. The most frequently addressed determinants were Parental Resources and Risk Factors (n = 85) and Children's Food Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (n = 67). These determinants had a Moderate research priority rating. Home Food Availability and Accessibility at the environmental level is classified as the highest research priority, however, only 15 of 160 interventions addressed this determinant. This review highlights home food availability and accessibility as potential leverage points for future interventions to improve children's dietary intake and eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chan
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Patrick Conroy
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Simões-Alves AC, Costa-Silva JH, Bassot A, Leandro CG, Pirola L, Fernandes MP, Morio B. Diet enriched in saturated fatty acids induces liver oxidative stress and elicits inflammatory pathways prior to metabolic disruption in perinatal protein undernutrition. Nutr Res 2023; 118:104-115. [PMID: 37634306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of diets high in saturated fatty acids in individuals who have undergone maternal protein restriction is not clear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a saturated fatty acid-enriched hyperlipidic diet (HL) affects liver expression of genes of the redox balance and inflammatory pathway in postweaning rat offspring subjected to maternal protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats received either a control (C; 19% protein) or low protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, pups received either C or HL diets up to 90 days of life. The LP+HL group showed an upregulation of transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (+48%) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (+96%) compared with the LP+C group (P < .05), respectively. Similarly, gene expression of the markers of inflammation, nuclear factor-kappa B1 (+194%) and tumor necrosis factor-α (+192%), was enhanced (P < .05). Although other antioxidant enzymes were not modified in gene expression, catalase (CAT) was 66% higher in LP+HL compared with LP+C. In contrast, CAT protein content in the liver was 50% lower in LP groups compared with C, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was twice as high in LP groups compared with C. Postweaning HL after maternal protein restriction induces hepatic metabolic adaptation characterized by enhanced oxidative stress, unbalanced expression in the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT, and activation of inflammatory pathways but does not impact circulating markers of lipid metabolism and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France; Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João H Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Arthur Bassot
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Beatrice Morio
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
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Fryar CD, Wambogo EA, Scanlon KS, Terry AL, Ogden CL. Trends in Food Consumption Among Children Aged 1-4 Years by Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, United States, 2005-2018. J Nutr 2023; 153:839-847. [PMID: 36774232 PMCID: PMC11000027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, the US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages were revised to include more whole fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lower-fat milk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe trends over time in the consumption of fruits (total and whole), vegetables, whole grains, milk (whole, reduced fat, low-fat or nonfat (LFNF), and flavored), and added sugars, including breakfast cereals, by WIC participation status (current WIC recipient, WIC income-eligible nonrecipient, and WIC income-ineligible nonrecipient). METHODS Dietary intakes on a given day for 1- to 4-y-old children (n = 5568) from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed to examine trends in the percentage of individuals consuming and amounts consumed over time using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and race and Hispanic origin. RESULTS From 2005 through 2018, the percentage of WIC recipients or WIC income-eligible nonrecipients consuming fruits and vegetables on a given day did not change, but the percentage of fruit consumed as whole fruit increased significantly among WIC recipients (36.4%-62.1%), but not among income-eligible nonrecipients. Among the WIC recipients, the percentage of consumption (5.5%-29.3%), the amount of LFNF milk servings consumed (0.1-0.4 cups), and the percentage of the total milk consumed as LFNF milk (4.8%-27%) significantly increased from 2005 to 2018. Conversely, the percentage of energy (12.3%-10.8%) and servings (11.4-10.6 teaspoons) from added sugars declined significantly. Among WIC-eligible nonrecipients, the servings of whole grains increased significantly, whereas servings and percentage of energy from added sugars declined significantly. CONCLUSIONS From 2005 through 2018, changes in dietary patterns for WIC recipients did not always mirror those of US children of the same age. The percentage of fruit consumed as whole fruit, and the percentage and quantity of milk consumed as LFNF milk increased significantly among WIC recipients, but not among income-eligible nonrecipients. J Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D Fryar
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
| | - Edwina A Wambogo
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Kelley S Scanlon
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Ana L Terry
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Ogden
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
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Lora KR, Hodges L, Ryan C, Ver Ploeg M, Guthrie J. Factors That Influence Children's Exits from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030766. [PMID: 36771472 PMCID: PMC9919162 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides supplemental foods and nutritional education to low-income women and children up to the age of five. Despite evidence that WIC improves diet and nutrition and the nationwide availability of this program, many participants exit WIC before they are no longer eligible for benefits. To date no study has systematically reviewed factors that influence participants' exits from WIC. The study systematically reviewed the relevant literature to identify factors related to discontinuing participation in WIC before children reach the age of five and 1503 citations were reviewed, 19 articles were read for full text review and eight studies met inclusion criteria. Participants' higher socioeconomic status, attitudes and behaviors around breastfeeding, having shorter prenatal participation in WIC, administrative barriers, confusion regarding program eligibility, feelings of stigma and embarrassment at the store checkout lines, personal and family challenges, dissatisfaction with insufficient fruit and vegetables benefits and living in suburban areas or in the Southern US were salient factors that influenced WIC exits. These findings will be of interest to policymakers and stakeholders as they consider ways to increase participation and retention through program modernization and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina R. Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Science, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Leslie Hodges
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | - Cayley Ryan
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Michele Ver Ploeg
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | - Joanne Guthrie
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250, USA
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Choi IY, Taylor MK, Lee P, Alhayek SA, Bechtel M, Hamilton-Reeves J, Spaeth K, Adany P, Sullivan DK. Milk intake enhances cerebral antioxidant (glutathione) concentration in older adults: A randomized controlled intervention study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:811650. [PMID: 36046132 PMCID: PMC9421260 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.811650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), is a key factor in the antioxidant defense mechanism against oxidative stress and aging-related functional declines. Our previous observational study showed positive correlations between brain GSH concentrations and dairy food consumption, particularly milk (p < 0.001), in older adults. Objective To investigate whether a recommended amount of milk intake (3 cups/day) in low dairy consumers enhances brain GSH concentrations through an intervention trial. Methods Seventy-three older adults (60–89 years) with a low dairy intake (≤1.5 servings/day) were randomized (5:2 ratio) in this 3-month randomized clinical trial. The intervention group was provided 1% milk weekly and instructed to consume 3 cups of milk/day for 3 months while the control group continued their habitual intake of total dairy ≤ 1.5 servings/day (<1 cup of milk/day). Brain GSH concentrations were measured in the fronto-parietal region using our unique 3 T magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging technique at baseline and 3 months. Results Among 73 randomized participants, 66 participants (49 intervention; 17 controls) completed the study. Milk intake in the intervention group increased from 0.2 ± 0.3 cups/day to 3.0 ± 0.6 cups/day (p < 0.001) between baseline and the end of the study, while milk intake in the control group did not differ throughout the study duration (0.4 ± 0.4 cups/day). The intervention group showed increases in brain GSH concentrations by 7.4 ± 11.7% (p < 0.001) in parietal and 4.7 ± 9.8% (p = 0.003) in fronto-parietal regions, and 4.6 ± 8.7% (p < 0.001) in overall brain concentration after the intervention compared with baseline, while the control group showed no changes. Conclusion This study provides evidence that milk serves as a good dietary source to increase and/or restore brain GSH concentrations in older adults. Identifying dietary sources that effectively enhance antioxidant defenses and neuroprotection could lead to the development of new strategies to promote brain health in the aging population. Clinical trial registration [https://ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02957422].
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Matthew K Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sibelle Alwatchi Alhayek
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Misty Bechtel
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kendra Spaeth
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Peter Adany
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Gallo S, Gahche J, Kitsantas P, Makwana P, Wang Y, Chen X, Rajbhandari-Thapa J. Vitamin D Intake and Meeting Recommendations Among Infants Participating in WIC Nationally. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:499-509. [PMID: 35288058 PMCID: PMC9149040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report and examine associations with infant vitamin D intake and meeting recommendations among a national sample participating in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). DESIGN Secondary analysis from the 2013-2015 WIC Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. PARTICIPANTS US Infants. VARIABLES MEASURED Total reported vitamin D intake from diet and supplementation at the time of data collection. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The median total vitamin D intake ranged from 5.43 (95% confidence interval, 5.40-5.46) mcg/d at month 1 to 8.18 (95% confidence interval, 8.11-8.20) mcg/d at month 13, with 16% to 36% of infants meeting the infant vitamin D recommendation over that time. Overall, 6% to 12% of all participants reported supplementation across all time points. Although most (between 78% to 98%) of supplemented breastfed infants met the recommendation, very few were supplemented as a group. Hence, breastfed infants were less likely to meet the recommendation than those who were formula fed across at time points except month 1 (P < 0.001 for all). Whereas infant age, feeding type, and/or their interaction were significant predictors of both receiving supplementation and meeting the recommendation, mother/caregiver nativity (P = 0.006) and parity (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001) predicted receiving supplementation, and child sex (P < 0.001) and mother/caregiver race/ethnicity (P < 0.001) predicted meeting the recommendation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Among a national sample of infants participating in WIC between 2013-2015, a high proportion were not meeting the current vitamin D recommendation. The WIC program is 1 resource for promoting strategies for increasing the number of American infants meeting D recommendations, but a coordinated approach involving other health care providers is likely needed. Future research exploring the reason for lack of supplementation, from both the perspective of parents and providers and the clinical impact of low vitamin D intake, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gallo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
| | - Jaime Gahche
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Panagiota Kitsantas
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Priyal Makwana
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Xianyan Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Li K, Fan JX, Wen M, Zhang Q. WIC Participation and Dietary Quality among US Children: Impact of the 2009 Food Package Revision. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022; 17:445-459. [PMID: 36777812 PMCID: PMC9910511 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the WIC program at improving children's dietary quality and to evaluate whether the 2009 food benefit revision further improved the WIC program. A sample of 1,753 children aged between 2 to 4 years from the 2005-2008 and 2011-2016 NHANES was analyzed using a propensity score weighted difference-in-difference approach. Results show that WIC-participating children scored 2.98 points higher (SD: 0.89; P<0.01) in HEI-2015 total scores compared with income-eligible non-participants during 2011-2016. No significant change was observed in the differences of HEI-2015 scores between WIC participants and eligible non-participants from 2005-2008 to 2011-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Li
- Department of Sociology, California State University Dominguez Hills
| | - Jessie X. Fan
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Community & Environmental Health, Old Dominion University,Please address correspondence to Dr. Qi Zhang, School of Community & Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, 3130 Health Sciences Building, Norfolk, VA 23529. Phone: 757-683-6870.
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9
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Woo JG, Reynolds K, Summer S, Khoury PR, Daniels SR, Kalkwarf HJ. Longitudinal Diet Quality Trajectories Suggest Targets for Diet Improvement in Early Childhood. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1273-1283. [PMID: 33109501 PMCID: PMC8065066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information about how diet quality evolves in early childhood, whether children exhibit varying diet quality trajectories, or which components of diet quality should be targeted for intervention. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to identify and evaluate trajectories of dietary quality in young children. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of an observational, longitudinal cohort study of non-Hispanic African American or White children and their parents from racially concordant households with 4 years of follow-up (up to 13 study visits). Data on mother, infant feeding, and body mass index were assessed at baseline. Diet was evaluated using 3-day diaries at each visit. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Of 372 children enrolled, 349 children had at least 3 study visits with dietary data for this analysis. Participants were enrolled at age 3 years between March 2001 and August 2002 in Cincinnati, OH. Final study visits were conducted between February 2005 and June 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was the total Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005) score and HEI-2005 component scores. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Diet quality trajectories were modeled using group-based modeling techniques. RESULTS The total HEI-2005 score was low at age 3 years (mean ± standard error = 55.1 ± 0.4 of maximum 100 points) and remained stable to age 7 years (mean ± standard error = 54.0 ± 0.6; P = 0.08 for trend). Five HEI-2005 trajectory groups were identified, of which 1 declined and 1 improved over time. HEI-2005 component scores, except milk intake and meat/beans scores, differed significantly (all, P ≤ 0.02) among trajectory groups at age 3 years, and most differences were maintained at age 7 years. Total vegetables, dark green and orange vegetables and legumes, and whole grains component scores were low for all trajectory groups. Whole fruit; total fruit; saturated fat; and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars (SoFAAS) were highly variable among trajectory groups. Children in the lowest diet quality trajectory group were less likely to be breastfed and more likely to have been regular consumers of soft drinks (e.g., powdered drink mixes, sport drinks, or soda pop) before age 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Young childhood diet quality was low at age 3 years and remained stable to age 7 years. Improving intake of vegetables and whole grains is needed for all children. Focused attention regarding increasing fruit intake and reducing SoFAAS may be needed for families at increased risk for low overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Kelly Reynolds
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Suzanne Summer
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Philip R Khoury
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Gómez-Martín M, Domínguez B, Gueimonde M, González S. Identification of Nutritional Targets in Spanish Children Belonging to the LAyDI Cohort for the Development of Health Promotion Strategies in the First Two Years of Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030939. [PMID: 33498994 PMCID: PMC7908140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first 1000 days of life seem to represent the temporal window of opportunity for modulating some of the risk factors associated with the later development of pathologies. Nonetheless, the dietary pattern and nutritional status of children receiving complementary feeding is still understudied. We aimed to assess the food intake in children from the LAyDI cohort (Spain) at 18 and 24 months of age and evaluate this in relation to nutrient requirements and bioactive compound consumption. This was a prospective and multicenter study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 426 children of 18 months and 336 of 24 months. The observed intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and eggs was lower than the recommendations in both periods, contrary to the consumption of meat, fish, and pulses. The consumption of energy and macronutrients was similar for all ages studied, with protein intake being slightly higher than the recommended values. Regarding micronutrients, practically the whole sample fell below the vitamin D requirements. In addition, the estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and iron, at 24 months, were below the recommended values for this population group. The mean intake of phenols was around 650 mg/day. Flavanol intake as well as both types of fiber decreased from 18 to 24 months. In conclusion, although these results have to be confirmed in other populations, it seems pertinent to propose the design of nutritional strategies aimed at increasing the intake of vitamins D and E as well as iron in Spanish children up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Martín
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Begoña Domínguez
- Group Comprehensive Approach to Childhood Overweight, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap), Avda. de Burgos, 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985-104-209
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