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Li T, Steibel JP, Willette AA. Vitamin B6, B12, and Folate's Influence on Neural Networks in the UK Biobank Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:2050. [PMID: 38999798 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism coenzymes may influence brain aging in cognitively unimpaired adults. METHODS Baseline data were used from the UK Biobank cohort. Estimated intake of vitamin B6, B12, and folate was regressed onto neural network functional connectivity in five resting-state neural networks. Linear mixed models tested coenzyme main effects and interactions with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors. RESULTS Increased B6 and B12 estimated intake were linked with less functional connectivity in most networks, including the posterior portion of the Default Mode Network. Conversely, higher folate was related to more connectivity in similar networks. AD family history modulated these associations: Increased estimated intake was positively associated with stronger connectivity in the Primary Visual Network and Posterior Default Mode Network in participants with an AD family history. In contrast, increased vitamin B12 estimated intake was associated with less connectivity in the Primary Visual Network and the Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Network in those without an AD family history. CONCLUSIONS The differential patterns of association between B vitamins and resting-state brain activity may be important in understanding AD-related changes in the brain. Notably, AD family history appears to play a key role in modulating these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Genetics and Genomics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 07101, USA
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2
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Usual intake of dairy products and the chance of pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:15. [PMID: 38594262 PMCID: PMC11004158 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the possible effect of usual dairy consumption on pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) remission or progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Pre-DM adults (n = 334, mean age of 49.4 years, and 51.5% men) were assessed for dairy intakes (2006-2008) and followed up to 9 years for incidence of T2D or normal glycemia (NG). All biochemical measurements were done at baseline and all subsequent examinations with 3-y follow-up intervals. Multinomial regression models with adjustment of confounding variables were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D and NG for each serving/d dairy consumption. RESULTS The odds of NG was significantly elevated by 69% (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.00-2.86, P = 0.05) per 200 g/d increased high-fat dairy intake, while the amount of total dairy or low-fat dairy was not related to the outcomes. Higher intakes of yogurt were more likely to be associated with an increased odds of NG (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.20-2.74, P = 0.01). Usual intakes of milk, cheese, or cream-butter were not associated to Pre-DM remission or progression to T2D. CONCLUSION Regular dairy consumption may increase the chance of Pre-DM regression to NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wilson NG, Hernandez-Leyva A, Schwartz DJ, Bacharier LB, Kau AL. The gut metagenome harbors metabolic and antibiotic resistance signatures of moderate-to-severe asthma. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae010. [PMID: 38560624 PMCID: PMC10981462 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common allergic airway disease that has been associated with the development of the human microbiome early in life. Both the composition and function of the infant gut microbiota have been linked to asthma risk, but functional alterations in the gut microbiota of older patients with established asthma remain an important knowledge gap. Here, we performed whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of 95 stool samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 59 healthy and 36 subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma to characterize the metagenomes of gut microbiota in adults and children 6 years and older. Mapping of functional orthologs revealed that asthma contributes to 2.9% of the variation in metagenomic content even when accounting for other important clinical demographics. Differential abundance analysis showed an enrichment of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism pathways, which have been previously implicated in airway smooth muscle and immune responses in asthma. We also observed increased richness of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in people with asthma. Several differentially abundant ARGs in the asthma cohort encode resistance to macrolide antibiotics, which are often prescribed to patients with asthma. Lastly, we found that ARG and virulence factor (VF) richness in the microbiome were correlated in both cohorts. ARG and VF pairs co-occurred in both cohorts suggesting that virulence and antibiotic resistance traits are coselected and maintained in the fecal microbiota of people with asthma. Overall, our results show functional alterations via LCFA biosynthetic genes and increases in antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma and could have implications for asthma management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi G Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Drew J Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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4
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Navratilova HF, Lanham-New S, Whetton AD, Geifman N. Associations of Diet with Health Outcomes in the UK Biobank: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:523. [PMID: 38398847 PMCID: PMC10892867 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The UK Biobank is a cohort study that collects data on diet, lifestyle, biomarkers, and health to examine diet-disease associations. Based on the UK Biobank, we reviewed 36 studies on diet and three health conditions: type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Most studies used one-time dietary data instead of repeated 24 h recalls, which may lead to measurement errors and bias in estimating diet-disease associations. We also found that most studies focused on single food groups or macronutrients, while few studies adopted a dietary pattern approach. Several studies consistently showed that eating more red and processed meat led to a higher risk of lung and colorectal cancer. The results suggest that high adherence to "healthy" dietary patterns (consuming various food types, with at least three servings/day of whole grain, fruits, and vegetables, and meat and processed meat less than twice a week) slightly lowers the risk of T2DM, CVD, and colorectal cancer. Future research should use multi-omics data and machine learning models to account for the complexity and interactions of dietary components and their effects on disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana F. Navratilova
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (H.F.N.); (S.L.-N.); (A.D.W.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7YH, UK
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (H.F.N.); (S.L.-N.); (A.D.W.)
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (H.F.N.); (S.L.-N.); (A.D.W.)
- Veterinary Health Innovation Engine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Nophar Geifman
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7YH, UK
- Veterinary Health Innovation Engine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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5
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McDougle M, de Araujo A, Singh A, Yang M, Braga I, Paille V, Mendez-Hernandez R, Vergara M, Woodie LN, Gour A, Sharma A, Urs N, Warren B, de Lartigue G. Separate gut-brain circuits for fat and sugar reinforcement combine to promote overeating. Cell Metab 2024; 36:393-407.e7. [PMID: 38242133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Food is a powerful natural reinforcer that guides feeding decisions. The vagus nerve conveys internal sensory information from the gut to the brain about nutritional value; however, the cellular and molecular basis of macronutrient-specific reward circuits is poorly understood. Here, we monitor in vivo calcium dynamics to provide direct evidence of independent vagal sensing pathways for the detection of dietary fats and sugars. Using activity-dependent genetic capture of vagal neurons activated in response to gut infusions of nutrients, we demonstrate the existence of separate gut-brain circuits for fat and sugar sensing that are necessary and sufficient for nutrient-specific reinforcement. Even when controlling for calories, combined activation of fat and sugar circuits increases nigrostriatal dopamine release and overeating compared with fat or sugar alone. This work provides new insights into the complex sensory circuitry that mediates motivated behavior and suggests that a subconscious internal drive to consume obesogenic diets (e.g., those high in both fat and sugar) may impede conscious dieting efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McDougle
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingxin Yang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isadora Braga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Paille
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; UMR1280 Physiopathologie des adaptations nutritionnelles, INRAE, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Rebeca Mendez-Hernandez
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macarena Vergara
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren N Woodie
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhishek Gour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikhil Urs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Warren
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Liu J, Shang X, Chen Y, Tang W, Yusufu M, Chen Z, Chen R, Hu W, Jan C, Li L, He M, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Diet-Wide Association Study for the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Community-Dwelling Adults Using the UK Biobank Data. Nutrients 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 38201933 PMCID: PMC10780379 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study used diet-wide association studies (DWAS) to investigate the association between diverse dietary food and nutrient intakes and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Out of 502,505 participants from the UK Biobank, 119,040 with dietary data free of T2DM at the baseline were included, and 3241 developed T2DM during a median follow-up of 11.7 years. The DWAS analysis, which is based on Cox regression models, was used to analyse the associations between dietary food or nutrient intake factors and T2DM risk. The study found that 10 out of 225 dietary factors were significantly associated with the T2DM risk. Total alcohol (HR = 0.86, 0.85-0.92, p = 1.26 × 10-32), red wine (HR = 0.89, 0.88-0.94, p = 7.95 × 10-19), and fresh tomatoes (HR = 0.92, 0.89-0.94, p = 2.3 × 10-11) showed a negative association with T2DM risk, whereas sliced buttered bread exhibited a positive association. Additionally, 5 out of 21 nutrient intake variables revealed significant associations with the T2DM risk, with iron having the highest protective effect and starch as a risk factor. In conclusion, DWAS is an effective method for discovering novel associations when exploring numerous dietary variables simultaneously and could provide valuable insight into future dietary guidance for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Wentao Tang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Mayinuer Yusufu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Ruiye Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenyi Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Catherine Jan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Li Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (X.S.); (M.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (J.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (R.C.); (W.H.); (C.J.); (L.L.)
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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7
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Al-Shami I, Al-Dalaeen A, Alkhatib B, Agraib LM. Dietary fat types consumption association with obesity and coronary indices. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e110. [PMID: 37964980 PMCID: PMC10641695 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to study the different dietary fat types associated with obesity and coronary indices. A sample of 491 healthy adults was included in a cross-sectional manner. Dietary fats intake, obesity indices (conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI)), and cardiovascular indices (cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)) were calculated and studied. Participants with an acceptable intake of omega-3 had a higher BRI score (1⋅90 ± 0⋅06 v. 1⋅70 ± 0⋅06). Participants with an unacceptable intake of cholesterol had a higher CI (1⋅31 ± 0⋅11 v. 1⋅28 ± 0⋅12; P = 0⋅011), AVI (20⋅24 ± 5⋅8 v. 18⋅33 ± 6⋅0; P < 0⋅001), BRI (2⋅00 ± 1⋅01 v. 1⋅70 ± 1⋅00; P = 0⋅003), WWI (11⋅00 ± 0⋅91 v. 10⋅80 ± 0⋅97; P = 0⋅032), and lower AIP (0⋅46 ± 0⋅33 v. 0⋅53 ± 0⋅33; P = 0⋅024). Total fat, saturated fat (SFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake had a significant moderate correlation with AVI and BRI. The monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake had a significantly weak correlation with CI, AVI, BRI, WWI, and AIP. Cholesterol and omega-6 had weak correlations with all indices. Similar correlations were seen among male and female participants. The different types of fat intake significantly affected obesity and coronary indices, especially SFA and PUFA, as well as omega-3 and cholesterol. Gender and the dietary type of fat intake have a relationship to influence the indicators of both obesity and coronary indices.
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Key Words
- AIP, atherogenic index of plasma
- AMDR, acceptable macronutrients distribution range
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AVI, abdominal volume index
- BAI, body adiposity index
- BMI, body mass index
- BRI, body roundness index
- CI, conicity index
- CMI, cardiometabolic index
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Chol, cholesterol
- Cholesterol
- Coronary indices
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LAP, lipid accumulation product
- MUFA
- MUFA, monounsaturated fat
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- NCD, non-communicable disease
- Obesity indices
- PUFA
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fat
- SFA
- SFA, saturated fat
- SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes
- WC, waist circumference
- WHtR, waist-to-height ratio
- WWI, weight-adjusted-waist index
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana M. Agraib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
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Rasaei N, Fallah M, Nemati M, Gholami F, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Mirzaei K. Investigation the interaction of dietary fat quality indices and the MC4R gene in metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight and obese women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12183. [PMID: 37500675 PMCID: PMC10374546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a common global problem. Some obese people can be metabolically healthy. Gene-environment interaction can be important in this context. This study aimed to assess the interaction between dietary fat quality indices and the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 279 women with overweight and obesity. The definition of metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes was done according to Karelis criteria. Dietary assessment was done using a 147-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and dietary fat quality was assessed by cholesterol-saturated fat index (CSI) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (N6/N3) essential fatty acids. MC4R was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the interaction between dietary fat quality indices and the MC4R gene in both crude and adjusted models. Study subjects with higher ratio of N6/N3 had higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR) index (P = 0.03) and other variables showed no difference according to the tertile of CSI and N6/N3. Participants with the C allele of MC4R rs17782313 had lower height (P < 0.001) and higher HOMA index (P = 0.01). We found that the CC genotype of MC4R interacts with the N6/N3 ratio on the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the crude model (β = 9.94, CI 2.49-17.39, P = 0.009) and even after adjustment for all confounders (β = 9.002, CI 1.15-16.85, P = 0.02, β = - 12.12, CI 2.79-21.46, P = 0.01). The data of this study can justify one inconsistency observed in society, regarding dietary recommendations about metabolic health status. Those with CC genotype, are more likely to have an unhealthy phenotype with an increase in N6/N3 as one fat quality indices than those who do not have CC genotype. We found the interaction of dietary fat quality indices such as N6/N3 and the MC4R gene in metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Fallah
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Agraib LM, Al Hourani HM, Al-Shami IK, Alkhatib BM, Al-Jawaldeh A. Association between dietary fatty acid patterns and obesity indices in Jordanian adults: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17938. [PMID: 37455990 PMCID: PMC10344746 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ratios of fatty acids in different diets and their connection to chronic diseases including obesity and CVD have been researched. The current study set out to detect the dietary fatty acid patterns among Jordanian adults and their relationships with obesity indices. Methods The data of 1096 adults were extracted from a household food consumption patterns survey study. Food intake was analyzed, and fatty acid patterns were determined. After anthropometric measurements, obesity indices were calculated. Results Two fatty acid patterns were determined (High fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources pattern, and the low Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) pattern), explaining an overall variance of 41.78% and 24.31%, respectively. A significant difference in obesity scores through fatty acids pattern quartiles was only seen among female participants. Q4 of the "High fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources" pattern had a significantly higher means of body mass index (25.12 ± 0.46; p = 0.015), waist-to-height-ratio (0.51 ± 0.01; p = 0.002), weight-adjusted waist index (10.13 ± 0.09; p = 0.021) and body roundness index (3.61 ± 0.15; p = 0.007) compared to Q1, while Q4 of "Low EPA and DHA" pattern had significantly higher means of waist circumference (WC) (86.28 ± 1.34) and a body shape index (ABSI) (10.12 ± 0.30) in comparison to Q1 (WC = 81.55 ± 1.08 and ABSI = 9.07 ± 0.22; p = 0.025, 0.013; respectively). In females, there was a significant association between the "High fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources" pattern and all the obesity indices. Conclusion Our results suggest that an increase in the high fatty acids from Protein and Olive Oil sources pattern is associated with a reduction in obesity indices, which is opposite to the low EPA and DHA pattern. This was a sex-specific association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M. Agraib
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Huda M. Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University. Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Islam K. Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University. Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Buthaina M. Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University. Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo 7608, Egypt
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10
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Brayner B, Kaur G, Keske MA, Marchese LE, Livingstone KM. Novel approach to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes risk and dietary fats in a dietary pattern context: a scoping review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1071855. [PMID: 37324743 PMCID: PMC10267339 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1071855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary fat on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is unclear. A posteriori dietary pattern methods have been increasingly used to investigate how dietary fats impact T2D risk. However, the diverse nutrients, foods and dietary patterns reported in these studies requires examination to better understand the role of dietary fats. This scoping review aimed to systematically search and synthesize the literature regarding the association between dietary patterns characterized by dietary fats and T2D risk using reduced rank regression. Medline and Embase were searched for cross-sectional, cohort or case-control studies published in English. Of the included studies (n = 8), five high-fat dietary patterns, mostly high in SFA, were associated with higher T2D risk or fasting glucose, insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) levels. These were mostly low-fiber (n = 5) and high energy-density (n = 3) dietary patterns characterized by low fruit and vegetables intake, reduced fat dairy products and higher processed meats and butter intake. Findings from this review suggest that a posteriori dietary patterns high in SFA that increase T2D risk are often accompanied by lower fruits, vegetables and other fiber-rich foods intake. Therefore, healthy dietary fats consumption for T2D prevention should be encouraged as part of a healthful dietary pattern.
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11
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So SW, Fleming KM, Nixon JP, Butterick TA. Early Life Obesity Increases Neuroinflammation, Amyloid Beta Deposition, and Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112494. [PMID: 37299457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a known risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), increases the activation of microglia, leading to a proinflammatory phenotype. Our previous work shows that a high fat diet (HFD) can cause neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice. We hypothesized that proinflammatory activation of brain microglia in obesity exacerbates AD pathology and increases the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. Presently, we tested cognitive function in 8-month-old male and female APP/PS1 mice fed a HFD, starting at 1.5 months of age. Locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, behavioral despair, and spatial memory were all assessed through behavioral tests. Microgliosis and Aβ deposition were measured in multiple brain regions through immunohistochemical analysis. Our results show that a HFD decreases locomotor activity, while increasing anxiety-like behavior and behavioral despair independent of genotype. A HFD led to increased memory deficits in both sexes, with HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice performing the worst out of all groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased microgliosis in mice fed a HFD. This was accompanied by an increase in Aβ deposition in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Together, our results support that HFD-induced obesity exacerbates neuroinflammation and Aβ deposition in a young adult AD mouse model, leading to increased memory deficits and cognitive decline in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W So
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kendra M Fleming
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua P Nixon
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tammy A Butterick
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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12
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Sweetman AK, Carter J, Perez-Cornago A, Gao M, Jebb SA, Piernas C. Dietary pattern adherence in association with changes in body composition and adiposity measurements in the UK Biobank study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:233-241. [PMID: 37230811 PMCID: PMC10659985 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy dietary patterns (DP) have been frequently linked to avoidable ill-health, mediated in part through higher body mass index. However it is unclear how these patterns relate to specific components of body composition or fat distribution, and whether this may explain reported gender differences in the relationship between diet and health. METHODS Data from 101,046 UK Biobank participants with baseline bioimpedance analysis and anthropometric measures and dietary information on two or more occasions were used, of which 21,387 participants had repeated measures at follow up. Multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between DP adherence (categorised in quintiles Q1-Q5) and body composition measures adjusted for a range of demographic and lifestyle confounders. RESULTS After 8.1 years of follow-up, individuals with high adherence (Q5) to the DP showed significantly positive changes in fat mass (mean, 95 % CI): 1.26 (1.12-1.39) kg in men, 1.11 (0.88-1.35) kg in women vs low adherence (Q1) - 0.09 (- 0.28 to 0.10) kg in men and - 0.26 (- 0.42 to - 0.11) kg in women; as well as in waist circumference (Q5): 0.93 (0.63-1.22) cm in men and 1.94 (1.63, 2.25) cm in women vs Q1 - 1.06 (- 1.34 to - 0.78) cm in men and 0.27 (- 0.02 to 0.57) cm in women. CONCLUSION Adherence to an unhealthy DP is positively associated with increased adiposity, especially in the abdominal region, which may help explain the observed associations with adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Sweetman
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Carter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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13
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Brayner B, Perez-Cornago A, Kaur G, Keske MA, Piernas C, Livingstone KM. Cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns characterized by fat type with markers of cardiometabolic health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:797-808. [PMID: 36890071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individual dietary fats can differentially impact on cardiometabolic health. However, their impact within a dietary pattern is not well understood, and warrants comparison with diet quality scores with a dietary fat focus. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between a posteriori dietary patterns characterized by fat type and cardiometabolic health markers, and compare these with two diet quality scores. METHODS AND RESULTS UK Biobank adults with ≥two 24-h dietary assessments and data on cardiometabolic health were included (n = 24 553; mean age: 55.9 y). A posteriori dietary patterns (DP1; DP2) were generated through reduced rank regression (response variables: SFA, MUFA, PUFA). Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns were created. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between standardized dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein [CRP], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). DP1, positively correlated with SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs, characterized by higher nuts, seeds and vegetables intake and lower fruits and low-fat yoghurt intake, was associated with lower HDL-C (β: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.03) and triglycerides (-0.17; -0.23, -0.10) and higher LDL-C (0.07; 0.01,0.12), CRP (0.01; 0.01, 0.03) and HbA1c (0.16; 0.11,0.21). DP2, positively correlated with SFAs, negatively correlated with PUFAs, characterized by higher butter and high-fat cheese intake and lower nuts, seeds and vegetable intake, was associated with higher total cholesterol (0.10; 0.01, 0.21), VLDL-C (0.05; 0.02, 0.07), triglycerides (0.07; 0.01, 0.13), CRP (0.03; 0.02, 0,04) and HbA1c (0.06; 0.01, 0.11). Higher adherence to MDS and DASH was associated with favorable cardiometabolic health markers concentration. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method used, dietary patterns that encourage healthy fat consumption were associated with favorable cardiometabolic health biomarkers. This study strengthens the evidence for incorporation of dietary fat type into policy and practice guidelines for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brayner
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Carmen Piernas
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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14
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Mavragani A, Al Hourani H, Alkhatib B, Alboqai O, AlHalaika D, Al-Jawaldeh A. Jordan's Population-Based Food Consumption Survey: Protocol for Design and Development. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41636. [PMID: 36800239 PMCID: PMC9984996 DOI: 10.2196/41636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the factors influencing health and well-being is dietary patterns. Data on food consumption are necessary for evaluating and developing community nutrition policies. Few studies on Jordanians' food consumption and dietary habits at various ages have been conducted, despite the increased prevalence of overweight, obesity, and chronic diseases. This will be the first study focusing on Jordanians' food consumption patterns that includes children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aims to describe the design and methodology of the Jordan's Population-based Food Consumption Survey, 2021-2022, which was developed to collect data on food consumption, including energy, nutrients, and food group intake, from a representative sample of Jordanians and to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their relationship to food consumption. METHODS Participants were selected by stratified random sampling, using the Estimated Population of the Kingdom by Governorate, Locality, Sex, and Households, 2020 as the sampling frame. The food consumption survey sample was at the population level, representing gender and age classes (8-85 years old). The data collection period was 6 months. Food consumption was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall (2 nonconsecutive days, 1 week apart) interviews representing weekdays and weekends. In addition to data on food consumption, information on the use of food supplements, sociodemographic and socioeconomic status, and health was gathered. Weight, height, and waist circumference were all measured. RESULTS The survey included 632 households with 2145 participants, of which 243 (11.3%) were children, 374 (17.4%) were adolescents, 1428 (66.6%) were adults, and 99 (4.6%) were older adults. Three food consumption databases were used to stratify the mean 24-hour dietary recall food consumption into energy intake, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, vitamins and minerals, and food groups. BMI was calculated and classified as normal, overweight, or obese. Central obesity was classified as normal or abnormal based on the waist-to-height ratio. The survey results will be disseminated based on age, energy, nutrient, and food group consumption. The prevalence of overweight and obesity by age group will be presented, as well as a comparison to the situation in Eastern Mediterranean countries. CONCLUSIONS The survey data will be helpful in nutritional studies, assessing changes in dietary patterns, and developing and evaluating nutrition or health policies. It will be a solid base for developing a future national surveillance system on food consumption patterns with comprehensive food consumption, physical activity, biochemical, and blood pressure data. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41636.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huda Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Alboqai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Sciences, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Dima AlHalaika
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Wilson NG, Hernandez-Leyva A, Schwartz DJ, Bacharier LB, Kau AL. The gut metagenome harbors metabolic and antibiotic resistance signatures of moderate-to-severe asthma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522677. [PMID: 36711684 PMCID: PMC9882014 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common allergic airway disease that develops in association with the human microbiome early in life. Both the composition and function of the infant gut microbiota have been linked to asthma risk, but functional alterations in the gut microbiota of older patients with established asthma remain an important knowledge gap. Here, we performed whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of 95 stool samples from 59 healthy and 36 subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma to characterize the metagenomes of gut microbiota in children and adults 6 years and older. Mapping of functional orthologs revealed that asthma contributes to 2.9% of the variation in metagenomic content even when accounting for other important clinical demographics. Differential abundance analysis showed an enrichment of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism pathways which have been previously implicated in airway smooth muscle and immune responses in asthma. We also observed increased richness of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in people with asthma. One differentially abundant ARG was a macrolide resistance marker, ermF, which significantly co-occurred with the Bacteroides fragilis toxin, suggesting a possible relationship between enterotoxigenic B. fragilis, antibiotic resistance, and asthma. Lastly, we found multiple virulence factor (VF) and ARG pairs that co-occurred in both cohorts suggesting that virulence and antibiotic resistance traits are co-selected and maintained in the fecal microbiota of people with asthma. Overall, our results show functional alterations via LCFA biosynthetic genes and increases in antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of subjects with moderate-to-severe asthma and could have implications for asthma management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi G. Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Drew J. Schwartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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16
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Piernas C, Gao M, Jebb SA. Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and non-communicable disease risk. Proc Nutr Soc 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35765989 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most current nutrition policies and dietary recommendations still reflect decades of research addressing the mechanism of action or health risks of individual nutrients. Yet, most high-income countries including the UK are far from reaching the dietary intakes which are recommended for good health. Food-based dietary patterns (DPs) can help target specific combinations of foods that are associated with disease risk, recognising the coexistence of multiple nutrients within foods and their potential synergistic effects. Reduced rank regression (RRR) has emerged as a useful exploratory approach which uses a priori knowledge of the pathway from diet to disease to help identify DPs which are associated with disease risk in a particular population. Here we reviewed the literature with a focus on longitudinal cohort studies using RRR to derive DPs and reporting associations with non-communicable disease risk. We also illustrated the application of the RRR approach using data from the UK Biobank study, where we derived DPs that explained high variability in a set of nutrient response variables. The main DP was characterised by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter and low-fibre bread, and low intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables and showed particularly strong associations with CVD, type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality, which is consistent with previous studies that derived 'Western' or unhealthy DPs. These recent studies conducted in the UK Biobank population together with evidence from previous cohort studies contribute to the emerging evidence base to underpin food-based dietary advice for non-communicable disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Piernas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Brayner B, Keske MA, Kaur G, Islam SMS, Perez-Cornago A, Piernas C, Livingstone KM. Longitudinal Associations Between Fat-Derived Dietary Patterns and Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the UK Biobank Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024069. [PMID: 35621194 PMCID: PMC9238710 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the impact of dietary fats on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is widely researched, longitudinal associations between dietary patterns (DPs) based on fat type and early markers of CVD risk remain unclear. Methods and Results UK Biobank participants (46.9% men, mean age 55 years) with data on early markers of CVD risk (n=12 706) were followed longitudinally (2014-2020; mean 8.4 years). Two DPs (DP1, DP2) were derived using reduced rank regression (response variables: monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat based on two 24-hour dietary assessments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to investigate associations between DPs and odds of elevated CVD risk (using the nonlaboratory Framingham Risk Score) and changes in early CVD markers, respectively. DP1 (characterized by higher nuts and seeds and lower fruit and legumes intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat; DP2 (characterized by higher butter and high-fat cheese, lower nuts and seeds intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat and negatively with polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat. DP2 was associated with slightly higher odds of elevated CVD risk (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.07]). DP1 was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (β, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.01-0.37]) and lower cardiac index (β, -0.02 [95% CI, -0.04 to -0.01]); DP2 was associated with higher carotid intima medial thickness (β, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.01-3.59]) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (β, -0.15 [95% CI, -0.24 to -0.07]) and cardiac index (β, -0.01 [95% CI, -0.02 to -0.01]). Conclusions This study suggests small but statistically significant associations between DPs based on fat type and some early markers of CVD risk. Further research is needed to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brayner
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Headington, Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Medical Sciences Division Radcliffe Primary Care Building Radcliffe Observatory QuarterUniversity of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
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Dietary patterns, genetic risk, and incidence of obesity: Application of reduced rank regression in 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank study. Prev Med 2022; 158:107035. [PMID: 35346749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have derived dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods and beverages and examined associations with genetic risk and obesity. We examined associations between dietary patterns based on discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and fiber, with a polygenetic risk score (PRS) for obesity and risk of overall obesity, central obesity and high body fat (BF) up to 9.7 years later. Data from 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank cohort study were used. Dietary patterns were derived from 24-h dietary assessments using reduced rank regression (response variables: discretionary foods and beverages [%E]; SFA [%E]; fiber density [g/MJ]). Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and incident overall obesity, central obesity and high BF, with interactions by PRS. Three dietary patterns (DP) were identified. DP1, correlated positively with discretionary foods and SFA, inversely with fiber, was associated with higher risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.14). DP2, correlated positively with discretionary foods and fiber, inversely with SFA, was not associated with obesity incidence. DP3, correlated positively with SFA and fiber, inversely with discretionary foods, was associated with lower risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.87, 0.98). There was limited evidence of interactions with PRS. A dietary pattern high in high-SFA and low-fiber discretionary foods and beverages was associated with higher risk of obesity, independent of genetic predisposition.
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Zbikowska A, Kowalska M, Zbikowska K, Onacik-Gür S, Łempicka U, Turek P. Study on the Incorporation of Oat and Yeast β-Glucan into Shortbread Biscuits as a Basis for Designing Healthier and High Quality Food Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041393. [PMID: 35209183 PMCID: PMC8880506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to international health and food organizations and authorities, people should limit fat intake since fat is the most caloric component of food and it is often a source of unsafe saturated fatty acids (FA) and trans isomers. The greatest health benefits come from replacing shorts with dietary fiber molecules. The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of reducing shortening content, which has an undesirable profile of FA, by addition of β-glucan molecules in shortbread biscuits. The effect of oat and yeast β-glucan supplementation on physical and sensory quality of products with reduced fat content (max 15%) were studied. It was shown that the substitution of shortening by β-glucan in shortbread biscuits is possible to a limited extent. Reduction in product energy value (up to 36 kcal/100 g) and content of undesirable FA (maximum 2.1 g/100 g) and increased of β-glucan content, regardless of the type, caused deterioration of biscuits quality and affected changes during storage. The substitution of shortening by β-glucan in food is a good way to improve nutritional value by increasing the amount of dietary fiber molecules, reducing calories, and amount of SFA in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zbikowska
- Faculty of Food Assessment and Technology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (K.Z.)
| | - Malgorzata Kowalska
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Chrobrego St. 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Zbikowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury St. 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (K.Z.)
| | - Sylwia Onacik-Gür
- Department of Meat and Fat Technology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 St., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Łempicka
- Faculty of Food Assessment and Technology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Turek
- Department of Non-Food Product Quality and Safety, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka St. 27, 31-510 Cracow, Poland;
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Frankenfeld CL. Reduced Rank Regression: Illustration of an Important Tool in the Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and Chronic Disease Risk. J Nutr 2021; 151:3269-3270. [PMID: 34636889 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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