1
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Moghaddam SJ, Savai R, Salehi-Rad R, Sengupta S, Kammer MN, Massion P, Beane JE, Ostrin EJ, Priolo C, Tennis MA, Stabile LP, Bauer AK, Sears CR, Szabo E, Rivera MP, Powell CA, Kadara H, Jenkins BJ, Dubinett SM, Houghton AM, Kim CF, Keith RL. Premalignant Progression in the Lung: Knowledge Gaps and Novel Opportunities for Interception of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:548-571. [PMID: 39115548 PMCID: PMC11389570 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202406-1168st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite significant advances in precision treatments and immunotherapy, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. To reduce incidence and improve survival rates, a deeper understanding of lung premalignancy and the multistep process of tumorigenesis is essential, allowing timely and effective intervention before cancer development. Objectives: To summarize existing information, identify knowledge gaps, formulate research questions, prioritize potential research topics, and propose strategies for future investigations into the premalignant progression in the lung. Methods: An international multidisciplinary team of basic, translational, and clinical scientists reviewed available data to develop and refine research questions pertaining to the transformation of premalignant lung lesions to advanced lung cancer. Results: This research statement identifies significant gaps in knowledge and proposes potential research questions aimed at expanding our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the progression of premalignant lung lesions to lung cancer in an effort to explore potential innovative modalities to intercept lung cancer at its nascent stages. Conclusions: The identified gaps in knowledge about the biological mechanisms of premalignant progression in the lung, together with ongoing challenges in screening, detection, and early intervention, highlight the critical need to prioritize research in this domain. Such focused investigations are essential to devise effective preventive strategies that may ultimately decrease lung cancer incidence and improve patient outcomes.
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2
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Han G, Sinjab A, Rahal Z, Lynch AM, Treekitkarnmongkol W, Liu Y, Serrano AG, Feng J, Liang K, Khan K, Lu W, Hernandez SD, Liu Y, Cao X, Dai E, Pei G, Hu J, Abaya C, Gomez-Bolanos LI, Peng F, Chen M, Parra ER, Cascone T, Sepesi B, Moghaddam SJ, Scheet P, Negrao MV, Heymach JV, Li M, Dubinett SM, Stevenson CS, Spira AE, Fujimoto J, Solis LM, Wistuba II, Chen J, Wang L, Kadara H. An atlas of epithelial cell states and plasticity in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature 2024; 627:656-663. [PMID: 38418883 PMCID: PMC10954546 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular processes that underlie early lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development is needed to devise intervention strategies1. Here we studied 246,102 single epithelial cells from 16 early-stage LUADs and 47 matched normal lung samples. Epithelial cells comprised diverse normal and cancer cell states, and diversity among cancer cells was strongly linked to LUAD-specific oncogenic drivers. KRAS mutant cancer cells showed distinct transcriptional features, reduced differentiation and low levels of aneuploidy. Non-malignant areas surrounding human LUAD samples were enriched with alveolar intermediate cells that displayed elevated KRT8 expression (termed KRT8+ alveolar intermediate cells (KACs) here), reduced differentiation, increased plasticity and driver KRAS mutations. Expression profiles of KACs were enriched in lung precancer cells and in LUAD cells and signified poor survival. In mice exposed to tobacco carcinogen, KACs emerged before lung tumours and persisted for months after cessation of carcinogen exposure. Moreover, they acquired Kras mutations and conveyed sensitivity to targeted KRAS inhibition in KAC-enriched organoids derived from alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. Last, lineage-labelling of AT2 cells or KRT8+ cells following carcinogen exposure showed that KACs are possible intermediates in AT2-to-tumour cell transformation. This study provides new insights into epithelial cell states at the root of LUAD development, and such states could harbour potential targets for prevention or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zahraa Rahal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne M Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuejiang Liu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alejandra G Serrano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiping Feng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaja Khan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharia D Hernandez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunhe Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enyu Dai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Camille Abaya
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorena I Gomez-Bolanos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fuduan Peng
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minyue Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Avrum E Spira
- Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson & Johnson, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas Health Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Panakkal N, Lekshmi A, Saraswathy VV, Sujathan K. Effective lung cancer control: An unaccomplished challenge in cancer research. Cytojournal 2023; 20:16. [PMID: 37681073 PMCID: PMC10481856 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_36_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has always been a burden to the society since its non-effective early detection and poor survival status. Different imaging modalities such as computed tomography scan have been practiced for lung cancer detection. This review focuses on the importance of sputum cytology for early lung cancer detection and biomarkers effective in sputum samples. Published articles were discussed in light of the potential of sputum cytology for lung cancer early detection and risk assessment across high-risk groups. Recent developments in sample processing techniques have documented a clear potential to improve or refine diagnosis beyond that achieved with conventional sputum cytology examination. The diagnostic potential of sputum cytology may be exploited better through the standardization and automation of sputum preparation and analysis for application in routine laboratory practices and clinical trials. The challenging aspects in sputum cytology as well as sputum-based molecular markers are to ensure appropriate standardization and validation of the processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Panakkal
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Kunjuraman Sujathan
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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4
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Pulliero A, Mastracci L, Tarantini L, Khalid Z, Bollati V, Izzotti A. Let-7a Downregulation Accompanied by KRAS Mutation Is Predictive of Lung Cancer Onset in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11778. [PMID: 37511536 PMCID: PMC10380304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Let-7 is a tumor suppressor microRNA targeting the KRAS lung oncogene. Let-7a downregulation is reversible during the early stages of lung carcinogenesis but is irreversible in cancer cells. The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship between oncogene (KRAS) mutation and let-7a downregulation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung carcinogenesis. METHODS A total of 184 strain H Swiss albino mice were either unexposed (control) or exposed to CS for 2 weeks (short CS) or 8 months (long CS). After 8 months, the lungs were individually collected. The following end points have been evaluated: (a) DNA methylation of the let-7a gene promoter by bisulphite-PCR and pyrosequencing; (b) let-7a expression by qPCR; (c) KRAS mutation by DNA pyrosequencing; (d) cancer incidence by histopathological examination. RESULTS let-7a expression decreased by 8.3% in the mice exposed to CS for two weeks (CS short) and by 33.4% (p ≤ 0.01) in the mice exposed to CS for 8 months (CS long). No significant difference was detected in the rate of let-7a-promoter methylation between the Sham-exposed mice (55.1%) and the CS short-(53%) or CS long (51%)-exposed mice. The percentage of G/T transversions in KRAS codons 12 and 13 increased from 2.3% (Sham) to 6.4% in CS short- and to 11.5% in CS long-exposed mice. Cancer incidence increased significantly in the CS long-exposed mice (11%) as compared to both the Sham (4%) and the CS short-exposed (2%) mice. In the CS long-exposed mice, the correlation between let-7a expression and the number of KRAS mutations was positive (R = +0.5506) in the cancer-free mice and negative (R = -0.5568) in the cancer-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The effects of CS-induced mutations in KRAS are neutralized by the high expression of let-7a in cancer-free mice (positive correlation) but not in cancer-bearing mice where an irreversible let-7a downregulation occurs (negative correlation). This result provides evidence that both genetic (high load of KRAS mutation) and epigenetic alterations (let-7a irreversible downregulation) are required to produce lung cancer in CS-exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), Anatomic Pathology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- Epiget Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Epiget Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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5
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Arrigo A, Regua AT, Najjar MK, Lo HW. Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2): Discovery, Functions, and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2455. [PMID: 37173921 PMCID: PMC10177220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2) was first discovered as a potential tumor suppressor gene residing in the frequently deleted 3p21.3 chromosomal region. Since its discovery, TUSC2 has been found to play vital roles in normal immune function, and TUSC2 loss is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases as well as impaired responses within the innate immune system. TUSC2 also plays a vital role in regulating normal cellular mitochondrial calcium movement and homeostasis. Moreover, TUSC2 serves as an important factor in premature aging. In addition to TUSC2's normal cellular functions, TUSC2 has been studied as a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently deleted or lost in a multitude of cancers, including glioma, sarcoma, and cancers of the lung, breast, ovaries, and thyroid. TUSC2 is frequently lost in cancer due to somatic deletion within the 3p21.3 region, transcriptional inactivation via TUSC2 promoter methylation, post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs, and post-translational regulation via polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Additionally, restoration of TUSC2 expression promotes tumor suppression, eventuating in decreased cell proliferation, stemness, and tumor growth, as well as increased apoptosis. Consequently, TUSC2 gene therapy has been tested in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This review will focus on the current understanding of TUSC2 functions in both normal and cancerous tissues, mechanisms of TUSC2 loss, TUSC2 cancer therapeutics, open questions, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Arrigo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA (A.T.R.); (M.K.N.)
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Angelina T. Regua
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA (A.T.R.); (M.K.N.)
| | - Mariana K. Najjar
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA (A.T.R.); (M.K.N.)
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA (A.T.R.); (M.K.N.)
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6
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Adverse Effects of Tobacco Products (Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, Hookah, Smokeless Tobacco) Use on Health. Respir Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24914-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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7
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Rahal Z, Sinjab A, Wistuba II, Kadara H. Game of clones: Battles in the field of carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108251. [PMID: 35850404 PMCID: PMC10249058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bulk sequencing approaches as well as genomic decoding at the single-cell level have revealed surprisingly high somatic mutational burdens in normal tissues, as well as increased our understanding of the landscape of "field cancerization", that is, molecular and immune alterations in mutagen-exposed normal-appearing tissues that recapitulated those present in tumors. Charting the somatic mutational landscapes in normal tissues can have strong implications on our understanding of how tumors arise from mutagenized epithelium. Making sense of those mutations to understand the progression along the pathologic continuum of normal epithelia, preneoplasias, up to malignant tissues will help pave way for identification of ideal targets that can guide new strategies for preventing or eliminating cancers at their earliest stages of development. In this review, we will provide a brief history of field cancerization and its implications on understanding early stages of cancer pathogenesis and deviation from the pathologically "normal" state. The review will provide an overview of how mutations accumulating in normal tissues can lead to a patchwork of mutated cell clones that compete while maintaining an overall state of functional homeostasis. The review also explores the role of clonal competition in directing the fate of normal tissues and summarizes multiple mechanisms elicited in this phenomenon and which have been linked to cancer development. Finally, we highlight the importance of understanding mutations in normal tissues, as well as clonal competition dynamics (in both the epithelium and the microenvironment) and their significance in exploring new approaches to combatting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Rahal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
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8
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Guisier F, Deslee G, Birembaut P, Escarguel B, Chapel F, Bota S, Métayer J, Lachkar S, Capron F, Homasson JP, Taulelle M, Quintana M, Raspaud C, Messelet D, Benzaquen J, Hofman P, Baddredine J, Paris C, Cales V, Laurent P, Vignaud JM, Ménard O, Copin MC, Ramon P, Bouchindhomme B, Tavernier JY, Quintin I, Quiot JJ, Galateau-Sallé F, Zalcman G, Piton N, Thiberville L. Endoscopic follow-up of low-grade precancerous bronchial lesions in high-risk patients: long-term results of the SELEPREBB randomised multicentre trial. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.01946-2021. [PMID: 35236723 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01946-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-9% of low-grade preinvasive bronchial lesions progress to cancer. This study assessed the usefulness of an intensive bronchoscopy surveillance strategy in patients with bronchial lesions up to moderate squamous dysplasia. METHODS SELEPREBB (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00213603) was a randomised study conducted in 17 French centres. After baseline lung computed tomography (CT) and autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) to exclude lung cancer and bronchial severe squamous dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS), patients were assigned to standard surveillance (arm A) with CT and AFB at 36 months or to intensive surveillance (arm B) with AFB every 6 months. Further long-term data were obtained with a median follow-up of 4.7 years. RESULTS 364 patients were randomised (A: 180, B: 184). 27 patients developed invasive lung cancer and two developed persistent CIS during the study, with no difference between arms (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.20-1.96, p=0.42). Mild or moderate dysplasia at baseline bronchoscopy was a significant lung cancer risk factor both at 3 years (8 of 74 patients, OR 6.9, 95% CI 2.5-18.9, p<0.001) and at maximum follow-up (16 of 74 patients, OR 5.9, 95% CI 2.9-12.0, p<0.001). Smoking cessation was significantly associated with clearance of bronchial dysplasia on follow-up (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01-0.66, p=0.005) and with a reduced risk of lung cancer at 5 years (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.003-0.99, p=0.04). CONCLUSION Patients with mild or moderate dysplasia are at very high risk for lung cancer at 5 years, with smoking cessation significantly reducing the risk. Whereas intensive bronchoscopy surveillance does not improve patient outcomes, the identification of bronchial dysplasia using initial bronchoscopy maybe useful for risk stratification strategies in lung cancer screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Guisier
- Dept of Pneumology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU Rouen and Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslee
- Dept of Pneumology, CHU de Reims, Inserm UMR 1250, Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Chapel
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHI Toulon La Seyne sur Mer, Toulon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Messelet
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Benzaquen
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, FHU OncoAge, Nice, France.,Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, FHU OncoAge, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Nice, France.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Université Côte d'Azur, FHU OncoAge, BB-0033-00025, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Christophe Paris
- INSERM U1085 IRSET and Service de Santé au Travail et de Pathologie Professionnelle et Environnementale, CHRU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Cales
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, CH de Pau, Pau, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Ménard
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Nancy, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | - Philippe Ramon
- Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU Lille, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Quintin
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | | | - Françoise Galateau-Sallé
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Dept of BioPathology Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Thoracic Oncology Dept, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Piton
- Service de Pathologie, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- Dept of Pneumology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU Rouen and Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
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9
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Osorio JC, Blanco R, Corvalán AH, Muñoz JP, Calaf GM, Aguayo F. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Lung Cancer: Insights and Perspectives. Pathogens 2022; 11:132. [PMID: 35215076 PMCID: PMC8878590 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoke is the most frequent risk factor etiologically associated with LC, although exposures to other environmental factors such as arsenic, radon or asbestos are also involved. Additionally, the involvement of some viral infections such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV), John Cunningham Virus (JCV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been suggested in LC, though an etiological relationship has not yet been established. EBV is a ubiquitous gamma herpesvirus causing persistent infections and some lymphoid and epithelial tumors. Since EBV is heterogeneously detected in LCs from different parts of the world, in this review we address the epidemiological and experimental evidence of a potential role of EBV. Considering this evidence, we propose mechanisms potentially involved in EBV-associated lung carcinogenesis. Additional studies are warranted to dissect the role of EBV in this very frequent malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Osorio
- Population Registry of Cali, Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia;
| | - Rancés Blanco
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Juan P. Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.P.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.P.M.); (G.M.C.)
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Kadara H, Tran LM, Liu B, Vachani A, Li S, Sinjab A, Zhou XJ, Dubinett SM, Krysan K. Early Diagnosis and Screening for Lung Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a037994. [PMID: 34001525 PMCID: PMC8415293 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer interception refers to actively blocking the cancer development process by preventing progression of premalignancy to invasive disease. The rate-limiting steps for effective lung cancer interception are the incomplete understanding of the earliest molecular events associated with lung carcinogenesis, the lack of preclinical models of pulmonary premalignancy, and the challenge of developing highly sensitive and specific methods for early detection. Recent advances in cancer interception are facilitated by developments in next-generation sequencing, computational methodologies, as well as the renewed emphasis in precision medicine and immuno-oncology. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge in the areas of molecular abnormalities in lung cancer continuum, preclinical human models of lung cancer pathogenesis, and the advances in early lung cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Anil Vachani
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xianghong J Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
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11
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Succony L, Rassl DM, Barker AP, McCaughan FM, Rintoul RC. Adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions of the lung: Detection, pathology and treatment strategies. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 99:102237. [PMID: 34182217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma has become the most prevalent lung cancer sub-type and its frequency is increasing. The earliest stages in the development of lung adenocarcinomas are visible using modern computed tomography (CT) as ground glass nodules. These pre-invasive nodules can progress over time to become invasive lung adenocarcinomas. Lesions in this developmental pathway are termed 'adenocarcinoma spectrum' lesions. With the introduction of lung cancer screening programs there has been an increase in the detection of these lesions raising questions about natural history, surveillance and treatment. Here we review how the radiological appearance of an adenocarcinoma spectrum lesion relates to its underlying pathology and explore the natural history and factors driving lesion progression. We examine the molecular changes that occur at each stage of adenocarcinoma spectrum lesion development, including the effects of the driver mutations, EGFR and KRAS, that are key to invasive adenocarcinoma pathology. A better understanding of the development of pre-invasive disease will create treatment targets. Our understanding of how tumours interact with the immune system has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. We review the role of the immune system in the development of adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions. With a clear preinvasive phase there is an opportunity to treat early adenocarcinoma spectrum lesions before an invasive lung cancer develops. We review current management including surveillance, surgical resection and oncological therapy as well as exploring potential future treatment avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Succony
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AY, United Kingdom
| | - D M Rassl
- Department of Pathology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, United Kingdom
| | - A P Barker
- Department of Radiology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, United Kingdom
| | - F M McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R C Rintoul
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AY, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ United Kingdom.
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12
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Chen Y, Zitello E, Guo R, Deng Y. The function of LncRNAs and their role in the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of lung cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e367. [PMID: 33931980 PMCID: PMC8021541 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major threat to human health. Low dose CT scan (LDCT) has become the main method of early screening for lung cancer due to the low sensitivity of chest X-ray. However, LDCT not only has a high false positive rate, but also entails risks of overdiagnosis and cumulative radiation exposure. In addition, cumulative radiation by LDCT screening and subsequent follow-up can increase the risk of lung cancer. Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain stable in blood, and profiling of blood has the advantages of being noninvasive, readily accessible and inexpensive. Serum or plasma assay of lncRNAs in blood can be used as a novel detection method to assist LDCT while improving the accuracy of early lung cancer screening. LncRNAs can participate in the regulation of various biological processes. A large number of researches have reported that lncRNAs are key regulators involved in the progression of human cancers through multiple action models. Especially, some lncRNAs can affect various hallmarks of lung cancer. In addition to their diagnostic value, lncRNAs also possess promising potential in other clinical applications toward lung cancer. LncRNAs can be used as predictive markers for chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, and sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, and as well markers of prognosis. Different lncRNAs have been implicated to regulate chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity, and sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy through diverse mechanisms. Although many challenges need to be addressed in the future, lncRNAs have bright prospects as an adjunct to radiographic methods in the clinical management of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Emory Zitello
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
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13
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Pirlog R, Cismaru A, Nutu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Field Cancerization in NSCLC: A New Perspective on MicroRNAs in Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020746. [PMID: 33451052 PMCID: PMC7828565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the first cause of cancer-related death. The major lung cancer subtype is non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which accounts for approximatively 85% of cases. The major carcinogenic associated with lung cancer is tobacco smoke, which produces long-lasting and progressive damage to the respiratory tract. The progressive and diffuse alterations that occur in the respiratory tract of patients with cancer and premalignant lesions have been described as field cancerization. At the level of tumor cells, adjacent tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancerized field are taking place dynamic interactions through direct cell-to-cell communication or through extracellular vesicles. These molecular messages exchanged between tumor and nontumor cells are represented by proteins, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). In this paper, we analyze the miRNA roles in the macrophage polarization at the level of TME and cancerized field in NSCLC. Identifying molecular players that can influence the phenotypic states at the level of malignant cells, tumor microenvironment and cancerized field can provide us new insights into tumor regulatory mechanisms that can be further modulated to restore the immunogenic capacity of the TME. This approach could revert alterations in the cancerized field and could enhance currently available therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Cismaru
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immunology and Allergology, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (A.C.); (A.N.)
- The Functional Genomics Department, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743-111-800
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14
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Wang J, Sun D, Lu W, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Hu K. BRIP1 rs10744996C>A variant increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Mongolian population of northern China. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1950-1959. [PMID: 32851703 DOI: 10.1113/ep088210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the role of breast cancer type 1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) polymorphism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? What is the main finding and its importance? Variant rs10744996C>A of BRIP1 increases the susceptibility of the Mongolian population to COPD. The expression of BRIP1 was significantly reduced in cigarette smoke extract-treated airway epithelial cells. ABSTRACT Cigarette smoke is a major environmental pollutant that can induce DNA damage in humans. The development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to be related to the impairment of DNA repair. Breast cancer type 1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) plays an important role in DNA interstrand crosslink repair and double-strand break repair. However, the role of BRIP1 polymorphisms in COPD has not been previously described. In this study, whole genome sequencing was used to identify mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was used to verify the selected SNPs. In addition the BRIP1 expression levels in 16HBE and A549 airway epithelial cells treated with or without cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were measured using western blotting and RT-qPCR. Rs10744996C>A in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of BRIP1 was then genotyped in 1296 COPD cases and 988 healthy control subjects from a Mongolian population in northern China. Significant differences in the distribution of rs10744996C>A variants between COPD and control groups (P = 0.001) were identified. Rs10744996C>A was found to be associated with significantly increased COPD risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.30-1.98, P < 0.0001). Additionally, rs10744996A genotype was found to interact with a family history of cancer and a history of x-ray exposure (P = 0.028 and 0.009, respectively). BRIP1 expression levels in 16HBE and A549 cells treated with CSE were significantly lower compared to the control treated cells. The rs10744996C>A variant of BRIP1 increased the COPD susceptibility of the Mongolian population cohort. BRIP1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced in conjunction with CSE-induced DNA damage in 16HBE and A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Parker AL, Cox TR. The Role of the ECM in Lung Cancer Dormancy and Outgrowth. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1766. [PMID: 33014869 PMCID: PMC7516130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of tumor cells to local and distant sites presents a significant challenge in the clinical management of many solid tumors. These cells may remain dormant for months or years before overt metastases are re-awakened. The components of the extracellular matrix, their posttranslational modifications and their associated factors provide mechanical, physical and chemical cues to these disseminated tumor cells. These cues regulate the proliferative and survival capacity of these cells and lay the foundation for their engraftment and colonization. Crosstalk between tumor cells, stromal and immune cells within primary and secondary sites is fundamental to extracellular matrix remodeling that feeds back to regulate tumor cell dormancy and outgrowth. This review will examine the role of the extracellular matrix and its associated factors in establishing a fertile soil from which individual tumor cells and micrometastases establish primary and secondary tumors. We will focus on the role of the lung extracellular matrix in providing the architectural support for local metastases in lung cancer, and distant metastases in many solid tumors. This review will define how the matrix and matrix associated components are collectively regulated by lung epithelial cells, fibroblasts and resident immune cells to orchestrate tumor dormancy and outgrowth in the lung. Recent advances in targeting these lung-resident tumor cell subpopulations to prevent metastatic disease will be discussed. The development of novel matrix-targeted strategies have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of metastatic disease in lung and other solid tumors and significantly improve patient outcome in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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16
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Vu T, Yang S, Datta PK. MiR-216b/Smad3/BCL-2 Axis Is Involved in Smoking-Mediated Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1879. [PMID: 32668597 PMCID: PMC7408725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that vast majority of lung cancers (85-90%) are causally linked to tobacco smoking. Although much information has been gained about the effects of smoking on various signaling pathways, little is known about how deregulation of miRNAs leads to activation of oncogenes and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our previous study showed that smoking inhibits TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor functions through downregulation of Smad3 in lung cancer cells. In order to understand the upstream mechanism of downregulation of Smad3 by smoking, we performed miRNA microarray analyses after treating human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and immortalized peripheral lung epithelial HPL1A cells with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). We identified miR-216b as being upregulated in CSC treated cells. MiR-216b overexpression decreases Smad3 protein expression by binding to its 3'-UTR, and attenuates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and target gene expression. MiR-216b increases B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression and promotes chemoresistance of NSCLC cells by decreasing apoptosis. Increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in miR-216b gene promoter plays a role in CSC induced miR-216b expression. Taken together, these results suggest that smoking-mediated upregulation of miR-216b increases NSCLC cell growth by downregulating Smad3 and inhibiting TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function, and induces resistance to platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
| | - Pran K. Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.V.); (S.Y.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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17
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Ashraf-Uz-Zaman M, Bhalerao A, Mikelis CM, Cucullo L, German NA. Assessing the Current State of Lung Cancer Chemoprevention: A Comprehensive Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1265. [PMID: 32429547 PMCID: PMC7281533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention of lung cancer is thought to significantly reduce the risk of acquiring these conditions in the subpopulation of patients with underlying health issues, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and smoking-associated lung problems. Many strategies have been tested in the previous decades, with very few translating to successful clinical trials in specific subpopulations of patients. In this review, we analyze these strategies, as well as new approaches that have emerged throughout the last few years, including synthetic lethality concept and microbiome-induced regulation of lung carcinogenesis. Overall, the continuous effort in the area of lung chemoprevention is required to develop practical therapeutical approaches. Given the inconsistency of results obtained in clinical trials targeting lung cancer chemoprevention in various subgroups of patients that differ in the underlying health condition, race, and gender, we believe that individualized approaches will have more promise than generalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraf-Uz-Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (M.A.-U.-Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (M.A.-U.-Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (M.A.-U.-Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.M.); (L.C.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (M.A.-U.-Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.M.); (L.C.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Nadezhda A. German
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (M.A.-U.-Z.); (A.B.); (C.M.M.); (L.C.)
- Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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18
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Dong R, Liu J, Sun W, Ping W. Comprehensive Analysis of Aberrantly Expressed Profiles of lncRNAs and miRNAs with Associated ceRNA Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:1935-1945. [PMID: 31898160 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the prognosis remains poor worldwide. At present, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was considered as a part of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network act as natural microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate protein-coding gene expression. However, functional roles of lncRNA-mediated ceRNAs in LC are insufficiently understood. To classify the specific mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), we comprehensively compared the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs obtained from 509 LUAD, 473 LUSC tissues and 49 adjacent non-cancerous lung tissues, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After screening for differently expressed (DE) mRNAs, DEmiRNAs, DElncRNAs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) (|log2FC| > 2.0 and an adjusted p value <0.05), a total of 4478 DEmRNAs, 526 DElncRNAs and 75 DEmiRNAs in LUAD, while 6237 DEmRNAs, 843 DElncRNAs and 117 DEmiRNAs in LUSC were discovered. Interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to identify 656 nodes and 2987 edges (minimum required interaction score > 0.9), as well as 8 different protein-protein interactions. Gene ontology (GO) analysis mainly associated with cell proliferation. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses most partly associated with metabolism pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Finally, the dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-ceRNA network was constructed based on correlation analyses and a total of 62 dysregulated lncRNAs, 28 DEmRNAs and 18 DEmiRNAs were involved. The most significant lncRNAs included DElncRNAs, LINC00641 and AC004947.2, miRNAs included miR-6860, miR-1285-3p, miR-767-3p and miR-7974, mRNAs included MAP3K3, FGD3 and ATP1B2. Then we analyzed and described the potential characteristics of biological function and pathological roles of the LUAD and LUSC ceRNA co-regulatory network. Our findings revealed ceRNA network will be beneficial for promoting the understanding of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of LUAD and LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Ping
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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19
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Thun GA, Derdak S, Castro-Giner F, Apunte-Ramos K, Águeda L, Wjst M, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Kolsum U, Heiss-Neumann MS, Nowinski A, Gorecka D, Hohlfeld JM, Welte T, Brightling CE, Parr DG, Prasse A, Müller-Quernheim J, Greulich T, Stendardo M, Boschetto P, Barta I, Döme B, Gut M, Singh D, Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Gut IG. High degree of polyclonality hinders somatic mutation calling in lung brush samples of COPD cases and controls. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20158. [PMID: 31882973 PMCID: PMC6934450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is induced by cigarette smoking and characterized by inflammation of airway tissue. Since smokers with COPD have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than those without, we hypothesized that they carry more mutations in affected tissue. We called somatic mutations in airway brush samples from medium-coverage whole genome sequencing data from healthy never and ex-smokers (n = 8), as well as from ex-smokers with variable degrees of COPD (n = 4). Owing to the limited concordance of resulting calls between the applied tools we built a consensus, a strategy that was validated with high accuracy for cancer data. However, consensus calls showed little promise of representing true positives due to low mappability of corresponding sequence reads and high overlap with positions harbouring known genetic polymorphisms. A targeted re-sequencing approach suggested that only few mutations would survive stringent verification testing and that our data did not allow the inference of any difference in the mutational load of bronchial brush samples between former smoking COPD cases and controls. High polyclonality in airway brush samples renders medium-depth sequencing insufficient to provide the resolution to detect somatic mutations. Deep sequencing data of airway biopsies are needed to tackle the question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian-Andri Thun
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophia Derdak
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Apunte-Ramos
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Águeda
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Wjst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Umme Kolsum
- University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Adam Nowinski
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gorecka
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center of Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Center of Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Center of Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David G Parr
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Center of Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariarita Stendardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara and University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piera Boschetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara and University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Imre Barta
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Döme
- Department of Tumorbiology, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ivo G Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Czarnecka KH, Szmyd B, Barańska M, Kaszkowiak M, Kordiak J, Antczak A, Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. A Strong Decrease in TIMP3 Expression Mediated by the Presence of miR-17 and 20a Enables Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in the NSCLC Lesion Surroundings. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1372. [PMID: 31921636 PMCID: PMC6923190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide with a relatively high fatality rate and a mean 5-years survival of about 18%. One of the hallmarks of cancer is the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which is crucial for metastasis. This process may be regulated by miRs targeting metalloproteinases (MMPs) associated with the ECM breakdown and metastatic process or blocking the action of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Search for early biomarkers is essential in detecting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and distinguishing its subtypes: Adenocarcinoma (AC) from Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), enabling targeted chemotherapy. Methods:MiR-17 and miR-20a targeting MMP2 and TIMP3 were selected by TCGA data analysis with further validation using miRTarBase and literature. The study group comprised 47 patients with primary NSCLC (AC and SCC subtypes). RNA was isolated from the tumor and normal-looking neighboring tissue (NLNT) free of cancer cells. MiRs from peripheral blood exosomes were extracted on admission and 5–7 days after surgery. Gene and miRs expression were assessed in qPCR using TaqMan probes. Results: The MMP2 has been expressed on a similar level in NLNT, as in cancer. While, TIMP3 expression was decreased both in cancer tissue and NLNT, with significantly lower expression in cancer. TIMP3 downregulation in NLNT and in SCC subtype correlated negatively with miR-20a. The preoperative miR-17 expression was significantly higher among patients with SCC compared to AC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of miR-17 as AC subtype classifier revealed 90% specificity and 48% sensitivity in optimal cut-off point with area under ROC curve (AUC): 0.71 (95%CI: 0.55–0.87). Within NSCLC subtypes: a strong negative correlation between pack-years (PY) and TIMP3 expression was observed for NLNT in the SCC group. Conclusion: The TIMP3 silencing observed in the NLNT and its negative correlation with presurgical expression of miR-20a (from serum exosomes), suggest that miRs can influence ECM remodeling at a distance from the center of the lesion. The miRs expression pattern in serum obtained before surgery significantly differs between AC and SCC subtypes. Moreover, decreased TIMP3 expression in NLNT (in SCC group) negatively correlates with the amount of tobacco smoked in a lifetime in PY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina H Czarnecka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland.,Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, S.L., Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Magda Barańska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kaszkowiak
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kordiak
- Department of Chest Surgery, General and Oncological Surgery, University Teaching Hospital No. 2, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
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21
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Huang J, Jiang W, Tong X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Fan H. Identification of gene and microRNA changes in response to smoking in human airway epithelium by bioinformatics analyses. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17267. [PMID: 31568004 PMCID: PMC6756728 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a substantial risk factor for many respiratory diseases. This study aimed to identify the gene and microRNA changes related to smoking in human airway epithelium by bioinformatics analysis.From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the mRNA datasets GSE11906, GSE22047, GSE63127, and microRNA dataset GSE14634 were downloaded, and were analyzed using GEO2R. Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was enforced using DAVID. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs)- DEGs network were executed by Cytoscape.In total, 107 DEGs and 10 DEMs were determined. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs principally enriched in oxidation-reduction process, extracellular space and oxidoreductase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway demonstrated that DEGs were principally enriched in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and chemical carcinogenesis. The PPI network revealed 15 hub genes, including NQO1, CYP1B1, AKR1C1, CYP1A1, AKR1C3, CEACAM5, MUCL1, B3GNT6, MUC5AC, MUC12, PTGER4, CALCA, CBR1, TXNRD1, and CBR3. Cluster analysis showed that these hub genes were associated with adenocarcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma, cell differentiation, inflammatory response, oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress response and tumor necrosis factor. Hsa-miR-627-5p might have the most target genes, including ITLN1, TIMP3, PPP4R4, SLC1A2, NOVA1, RNFT2, CLDN10, TMCC3, EPHA7, SRPX2, PPP1R16B, GRM1, HS3ST3A1, SFRP2, SLC7A11, and KLHDC8A.We identified several molecular changes induced by smoking in human airway epithelium. This study may provide some candidate genes and microRNAs for assessing the risk of lung diseases caused by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Wanli Jiang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
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22
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Druck T, Cheung DG, Park D, Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Raso C, Green K, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit-Fdxr interaction in the mitochondria: modulation of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30770797 PMCID: PMC6377664 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in cancers of most, perhaps all, cancer types; when restored, it can induce apoptosis and suppress tumorigenicity, as shown in vitro and in mouse tumor models in vivo. Following protein cross-linking and proteomics analyses, we characterized a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes the heat-shock chaperonin pair, HSP60/10, which is likely involved in importing Fhit into the mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin, in electron transport chain complex III. Overexpression of Fhit protein in Fhit-deficient cancer cells modulates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing increased ROS, following peroxide treatment, with subsequent increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape ROS overproduction and ROS-induced apoptosis, likely carrying oxidative damage. Thus, characterization of Fhit-interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of a Fhit-mediated apoptotic signal pathway that is lost in many cancers. This is of translational interest considering the very recent emphasis in a number of high-profile publications, concerning the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the treatment of human cancers, and especially cancer stem cells that rely upon oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Additionally, we have shown that cells from a Fhit-deficient lung cancer cell line, are sensitive to killing by exposure to atovaquone, thought to act as a selective oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor by targeting the CoQ10 dependence of the mitochondrial complex III, while the Fhit-expressing sister clone is resistant to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Cheung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale Preclinica e Clinica, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Okumura
- Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kari Green
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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23
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Xu Y, Su Z, Li J, Wang Q, Meng G, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Gao P. Role of RNA-binding protein 5 in the diagnosis and chemotherapeutic response of lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2013-2019. [PMID: 30675268 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Lung carcinogenesis is frequently associated with deletions or the loss of heterozygosity at the critical chromosomal region 3p21.3, where RNA-binding protein 5 (RBM5) is localized. RBM5 regulates cell growth, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in cell homeostasis. In the lungs, altered RBM5 protein expression leads to alterations in cell growth and apoptosis, with subsequent lung pathogenesis and varied responses to treatment in patients with lung cancer. Detection of RBM5 expression may be a tumor marker for diagnosis, prediction and treatment response in lung cancer, and may be developed as a potential therapeutic target for drug resistant lung cancer. This review discusses the most recent progress on the role of RBM5 in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China.,Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guangping Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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24
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Billatos E, Vick JL, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. The Airway Transcriptome as a Biomarker for Early Lung Cancer Detection. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2984-2992. [PMID: 29463557 PMCID: PMC7397497 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death due to its advanced stage at diagnosis. Early detection of lung cancer can be improved by better defining who should be screened radiographically and determining which imaging-detected pulmonary nodules are malignant. Gene expression biomarkers measured in normal-appearing airway epithelium provide an opportunity to use lung cancer-associated molecular changes in this tissue for early detection of lung cancer. Molecular changes in the airway may result from an etiologic field of injury and/or field cancerization. The etiologic field of injury reflects the aberrant physiologic response to carcinogen exposure that creates a susceptible microenvironment for cancer initiation. In contrast, field cancerization reflects effects of "first-hit" mutations in a clone of cells from which the tumor ultimately arises or the effects of the tumor on the surrounding tissue. These fields might have value both for assessing lung cancer risk and diagnosis. Cancer-associated gene expression changes in the bronchial airway have recently been used to develop and validate a 23-gene classifier that improves the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy for lung cancer among intermediate-risk patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that these lung cancer-related gene expression changes extend to nasal epithelial cells that can be sampled noninvasively. While the bronchial gene expression biomarker is being adopted clinically, further work is necessary to explore the potential clinical utility of gene expression profiling in the nasal epithelium for lung cancer diagnosis, lung cancer risk assessment, and precision medicine for lung cancer treatment and chemoprevention. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 2984-92. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Billatos
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica L Vick
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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25
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Staudt MR, Salit J, Kaner RJ, Hollmann C, Crystal RG. Altered lung biology of healthy never smokers following acute inhalation of E-cigarettes. Respir Res 2018; 19:78. [PMID: 29754582 PMCID: PMC5950177 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about health risks associated with electronic cigarette (EC) use although EC are rising in popularity and have been advocated as a means to quit smoking cigarettes. Methods Ten never-smokers, without exposure history to tobacco products or EC, were assessed at baseline with questionnaire, chest X-ray, lung function, plasma levels of endothelial microparticles (EMP), and bronchoscopy to obtain small airway epithelium (SAE) and alveolar macrophages (AM). One week later, subjects inhaled 10 puffs of “Blu” brand EC, waited 30 min, then another 10 puff; n = 7 were randomized to EC with nicotine and n = 3 to EC without nicotine to assess biological responses in healthy, naive individuals. Results Two hr. post-EC exposure, subjects were again assessed as at baseline. No significant changes in clinical parameters were observed. Biological changes were observed compared to baseline, including altered transcriptomes of SAE and AM for all subjects and elevated plasma EMP levels following inhalation of EC with nicotine. Conclusions This study provides in vivo human data demonstrating that acute inhalation of EC aerosols dysregulates normal human lung homeostasis in a limited cohort of healthy naïve individuals. These observations have implications to new EC users, nonsmokers exposed to secondhand EC aerosols and cigarette smokers using EC to quit smoking. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01776398 (registered 10/12/12), NCT02188511 (registered 7/2/14). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0778-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charleen Hollmann
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Gladstein S, Damania D, Almassalha LM, Smith LT, Gupta V, Subramanian H, Rex DK, Roy HK, Backman V. Correlating colorectal cancer risk with field carcinogenesis progression using partial wave spectroscopic microscopy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2109-2120. [PMID: 29573208 PMCID: PMC5943438 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to the development of a localized cancerous tumor, diffuse molecular, and structural alterations occur throughout an organ due to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This process is known as field carcinogenesis. In this study, we used partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy to explore the progression of field carcinogenesis by measuring samples collected from 190 patients with a range of colonic history (no history, low-risk history, and high-risk history) and current colon health (healthy, nondiminutive adenomas (NDA; ≥5 mm and <10 mm), and advanced adenoma [AA; ≥10 mm, HGD, or >25% villous features]). The low-risk history groups include patients with a history of NDA. The high-risk history groups include patients with either a history of AA or colorectal cancer (CRC). PWS is a nanoscale-sensitive imaging technique which measures the organization of intracellular structure. Previous studies have shown that PWS is sensitive to changes in the higher-order (20-200 nm) chromatin topology that occur due to field carcinogenesis within histologically normal cells. The results of this study show that these nanoscale structural alterations are correlated with a patient's colonic history, which suggests that PWS can detect altered field carcinogenic signatures even in patients with negative colonoscopies. Furthermore, we developed a model to calculate the 5-year risk of developing CRC for each patient group. We found that our data fit this model remarkably well (R2 = 0.946). This correlation suggests that PWS could potentially be used to monitor CRC progression less invasively and in patients without adenomas, which opens PWS to many potential cancer care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gladstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Dhwanil Damania
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Luay M Almassalha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Lauren T Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Varun Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Douglas K Rex
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
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27
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Inamura K. Clinicopathological Characteristics and Mutations Driving Development of Early Lung Adenocarcinoma: Tumor Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041259. [PMID: 29690599 PMCID: PMC5979290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with lung adenocarcinoma representing the most common lung cancer subtype. Among all lung adenocarcinomas, the most prevalent subset develops via tumorigenesis and progression from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), to overt invasive adenocarcinoma with a lepidic pattern. This stepwise development is supported by the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of these tumors. In the 2015 World Health Organization classification, AAH and AIS are both defined as preinvasive lesions, whereas MIA is identified as an early invasive adenocarcinoma that is not expected to recur if removed completely. Recent studies have examined the molecular features of lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and progression. EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma frequently develops via the multistep progression. Oncogene-induced senescence appears to decrease the frequency of the multistep progression in KRAS- or BRAF-mutated adenocarcinoma, whose tumor evolution may be associated with epigenetic alterations and kinase-inactive mutations. This review summarizes the current knowledge of tumorigenesis and tumor progression in early lung adenocarcinoma, with special focus on its clinicopathological characteristics and their associations with driver mutations (EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF) as well as on its molecular pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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28
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No influence of smoking status on the performance of urine markers for the detection of bladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1367-1373. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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29
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Advani J, Subbannayya Y, Patel K, Khan AA, Patil AH, Jain AP, Solanki HS, Radhakrishnan A, Pinto SM, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Thomas JK, Mathur PP, Nair BG, Chang X, Prasad TSK, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Long-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Changes in MiRNA Expression and Proteome in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 21:390-403. [PMID: 28692419 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke markedly increases the risk for lung cancer. Regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by miRNAs influences a variety of cancer-related interactomes. Yet, relatively little is known on the effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on miRNA expression and gene regulation. NCI-H292 (H292) is a cell line sensitive to cigarette smoke with mucoepidermoid characteristics in culture. We report, in this study, original observations on long-term (12 months) cigarette smoke effects in the H292 cell line, using microarray-based miRNA expression profiling, and stable isotopic labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based quantitative proteomic analysis. We identified 112 upregulated and 147 downregulated miRNAs (by twofold) in cigarette smoke-treated H292 cells. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified 3,959 proteins, of which, 303 proteins were overexpressed and 112 proteins downregulated (by twofold). We observed 39 miRNA target pairs (proven targets) that were differentially expressed in response to chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Gene ontology analysis of the target proteins revealed enrichment of proteins in biological processes driving metabolism, cell communication, and nucleic acid metabolism. Pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of phagosome maturation, antigen presentation pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated oxidative stress response, and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways in cigarette smoke-exposed cells. In conclusion, this report makes an important contribution to knowledge on molecular changes in a lung cell line in response to long term cigarette smoke exposure. The findings might inform future strategies for drug target, biomarker and diagnostics innovation in lung cancer, and clinical oncology. These observations also call for further research on the extent to which continuing or stopping cigarette smoking in patients diagnosed with lung cancer translates into molecular and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Advani
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- 2 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | - Krishna Patel
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,3 Amrita School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,4 School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,2 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India .,4 School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ankit P Jain
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,4 School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hitendra S Solanki
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,4 School of Biotechnology, KIIT University , Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sneha M Pinto
- 2 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | | | - Joji K Thomas
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Bipin G Nair
- 3 Amrita School of Biotechnology , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,2 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Harsha Gowda
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,2 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,2 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, decline in homeostasis, and degeneration of the tissues that occurs after the reproductive phase of life is complete, leading to impaired function. This deterioration is an important risk factor for chronic lung pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a disease that develops gradually. Emphysematous changes in the lung take years to develop after exposure to cigarette smoke; hence, the vast majority of patients are elderly. There has been a dramatic increase in the life expectancy of the general population, resulting in an increased burden of chronic lung diseases. There is growing evidence that molecular mechanisms involved in aging may also play a role in COPD pathogenesis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of aging were identified. In this article, we will review the nine hallmarks of aging and how each hallmark contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta P Kukrety
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jai D Parekh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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Abstract
Gene therapy was originally conceived to treat monogenic diseases. The replacement of a defective gene with a functional gene can theoretically cure the disease. In cancer, multiple genetic defects are present and the molecular profile changes during the course of the disease, making the replacement of all defective genes impossible. To overcome these difficulties, various gene therapy strategies have been adopted, including immune stimulation, transfer of suicide genes, inhibition of driver oncogenes, replacement of tumor-suppressor genes that could mediate apoptosis or anti-angiogenesis, and transfer of genes that enhance conventional treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Some of these strategies have been tested successfully in non-small-cell lung cancer patients and the results of laboratory studies and clinical trials are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Lara-Guerra
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Pavel AB, Campbell JD, Liu G, Elashoff D, Dubinett S, Smith K, Whitney D, Lenburg ME, Spira A. Alterations in Bronchial Airway miRNA Expression for Lung Cancer Detection. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:651-659. [PMID: 28877936 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that gene expression alterations in normal-appearing bronchial epithelial cells can serve as a lung cancer detection biomarker in smokers. Given that miRNAs regulate airway gene expression responses to smoking, we evaluated whether miRNA expression is also altered in the bronchial epithelium of smokers with lung cancer. Using epithelial brushings from the mainstem bronchus of patients undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer (as part of the AEGIS-1/2 clinical trials), we profiled miRNA expression via small-RNA sequencing from 347 current and former smokers for which gene expression data were also available. Patients were followed for one year postbronchoscopy until a final diagnosis of lung cancer (n = 194) or benign disease (n = 153) was made. Following removal of 6 low-quality samples, we used 138 patients (AEGIS-1) as a discovery set to identify four miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-223-5p) that were downregulated in the bronchial airway of lung cancer patients (ANOVA P < 0.002, FDR < 0.2). The expression of these miRNAs is significantly more negatively correlated with the expression of their mRNA targets than with the expression of other nontarget genes (K-S P < 0.05). Furthermore, these mRNA targets are enriched among genes whose expression is elevated in cancer patients (GSEA FDR < 0.001). Finally, we found that the addition of miR-146a-5p to an existing mRNA biomarker for lung cancer significantly improves its performance (AUC) in the 203 samples (AEGIS-1/2) serving an independent test set (DeLong P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that there are miRNAs whose expression is altered in the cytologically normal bronchial epithelium of smokers with lung cancer, and that they may regulate cancer-associated gene expression differences. Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 651-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Pavel
- The Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- The Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gang Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Elashoff
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Dubinett
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kate Smith
- Veracyte, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Marc E Lenburg
- The Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avrum Spira
- The Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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O'Donnell E, Markt SC, Miller R, Bernard B, Albiges L, Beard C, Sweeney C. Smoking and Disease Outcomes in Patients With Malignant Germ Cell Tumors. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:S1558-7673(17)30234-3. [PMID: 28851592 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the association between smoking and stage at diagnosis or survival among men with germ cell tumors (GCTs). We therefore evaluated the association between smoking and GCT presentation and outcomes. METHODS Electronic medical records of 1161 patients with GCT treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 1997 and 2013 were reviewed. Outcomes of interest were stage at diagnosis, relapse from clinical stage I (CSI) disease, relapse after first-line chemotherapy, and death from disease. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between smoking and tumor characteristics at diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between smoking at diagnosis and risk of relapse and GCT cancer death. RESULTS In men diagnosed with CSI disease, smokers were 86% more likely to have a large tumor (≥ 4 cm) compared with nonsmokers (odds ratio [OR] 1.86; 95% CI, 1.28-2.71) and had a statistically significant increased risk of relapse (HR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.41-2.97). Among men with metastatic disease at diagnosis, the heaviest smokers (> 15 pack-years) were more likely to present with intermediate- or poor-risk disease compared with nonsmokers (OR 3.12; 95% CI, 1.29-7.55) and any smoking was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of relapse (HR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.73) and GCT death (HR 2.56; 95% CI, 1.55-4.23). CONCLUSION Smoking is associated with more advanced disease at diagnosis and poorer GCT outcomes, including increased risk of relapse, for both CSI and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O'Donnell
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Clair Beard
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Preinvasive disease of the airway. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 58:77-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Beane J, Mazzilli SA, Tassinari AM, Liu G, Zhang X, Liu H, Buncio AD, Dhillon SS, Platero SJ, Lenburg ME, Reid ME, Lam S, Spira AE. Detecting the Presence and Progression of Premalignant Lung Lesions via Airway Gene Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5091-5100. [PMID: 28533227 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The molecular events preceding the onset of disease are poorly understood, and no effective tools exist to identify smokers with premalignant lesions (PMLs) that will progress to invasive cancer. Prior work identified molecular alterations in the smoke-exposed airway field of injury associated with lung cancer. Here, we focus on an earlier stage in the disease process leveraging the airway field of injury to study PMLs and its utility in lung cancer chemoprevention.Experimental Design: Bronchial epithelial cells from normal appearing bronchial mucosa were profiled by mRNA-Seq from subjects with (n = 50) and without (n = 25) PMLs. Using surrogate variable and gene set enrichment analysis, we identified genes, pathways, and lung cancer-related gene sets differentially expressed between subjects with and without PMLs. A computational pipeline was developed to build and test a chemoprevention-relevant biomarker.Results: We identified 280 genes in the airway field associated with the presence of PMLs. Among the upregulated genes, oxidative phosphorylation was strongly enriched, and IHC and bioenergetics studies confirmed pathway findings in PMLs. The relationship between PMLs and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) was also confirmed using published lung cancer datasets. The biomarker performed well predicting the presence of PMLs (AUC = 0.92, n = 17), and changes in the biomarker score associated with progression/stability versus regression of PMLs (AUC = 0.75, n = 51).Conclusions: Transcriptomic alterations in the airway field of smokers with PMLs reflect metabolic and early lung SCC alterations and may be leveraged to stratify smokers at high risk for PML progression and monitor outcome in chemoprevention trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5091-100. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna M Tassinari
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Dy Buncio
- Department of Medicine, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samjot S Dhillon
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Suso J Platero
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Medicine, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yeo J, Crawford EL, Zhang X, Khuder S, Chen T, Levin A, Blomquist TM, Willey JC. A lung cancer risk classifier comprising genome maintenance genes measured in normal bronchial epithelial cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:301. [PMID: 28464886 PMCID: PMC5412061 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annual low dose CT (LDCT) screening of individuals at high demographic risk reduces lung cancer mortality by more than 20%. However, subjects selected for screening based on demographic criteria typically have less than a 10% lifetime risk for lung cancer. Thus, there is need for a biomarker that better stratifies subjects for LDCT screening. Toward this goal, we previously reported a lung cancer risk test (LCRT) biomarker comprising 14 genome-maintenance (GM) pathway genes measured in normal bronchial epithelial cells (NBEC) that accurately classified cancer (CA) from non-cancer (NC) subjects. The primary goal of the studies reported here was to optimize the LCRT biomarker for high specificity and ease of clinical implementation. Methods Targeted competitive multiplex PCR amplicon libraries were prepared for next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of transcript abundance at 68 sites among 33 GM target genes in NBEC specimens collected from a retrospective cohort of 120 subjects, including 61 CA cases and 59 NC controls. Genes were selected for analysis based on contribution to the previously reported LCRT biomarker and/or prior evidence for association with lung cancer risk. Linear discriminant analysis was used to identify the most accurate classifier suitable to stratify subjects for screening. Results After cross-validation, a model comprising expression values from 12 genes (CDKN1A, E2F1, ERCC1, ERCC4, ERCC5, GPX1, GSTP1, KEAP1, RB1, TP53, TP63, and XRCC1) and demographic factors age, gender, and pack-years smoking, had Receiver Operator Characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99). The overall classification accuracy was 93% (95% CI 88%–98%) with sensitivity 93.1%, specificity 92.9%, positive predictive value 93.1% and negative predictive value 93%. The ROC AUC for this classifier was significantly better (p < 0.0001) than the best model comprising demographic features alone. Conclusions The LCRT biomarker reported here displayed high accuracy and ease of implementation on a high throughput, quality-controlled targeted NGS platform. As such, it is optimized for clinical validation in specimens from the ongoing LCRT blinded prospective cohort study. Following validation, the biomarker is expected to have clinical utility by better stratifying subjects for annual lung cancer screening compared to current demographic criteria alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3287-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Yeo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 219, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Erin L Crawford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, HEB 219, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch (CGCGB), National Human Genomes Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg 50, Rm 5341, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sadik Khuder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, RHC 0012, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Albert Levin
- Department of Biostatistics, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Thomas M Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - James C Willey
- Ruppert 0012, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Gadkaree SK, Pandian V, Best S, Motz KM, Allen C, Kim Y, Akst L, Hillel AT. Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Risk Factors for Tracheostomy Dependence and Dilation Interval. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 156:321-328. [PMID: 28112014 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816675323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a fibrotic process that narrows the upper airway and has a significant impact on breathing and phonation. Iatrogenic injury from endotracheal and/or tracheostomy tubes is the most common etiology. This study investigates differences in LTS etiologies as they relate to tracheostomy dependence and dilation interval. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Single-center tertiary care facility. Subjects and Methods Review of adult patients with LTS was performed between 2004 and 2015. The association of patient demographics, comorbidities, disease etiology, and treatment modalities with patient outcomes was assessed. Multiple logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to determine factors associated with tracheostomy dependence and time to second procedure, respectively. Results A total of 262 patients met inclusion criteria. Iatrogenic patients presented with greater stenosis ( P = .023), greater length of stenosis ( P = .004), and stenosis farther from the vocal folds ( P < .001) as compared with other etiologies. Iatrogenic patients were more likely to be African American, use tobacco, and have obstructive sleep apnea, type II diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or a history of stroke. Iatrogenic LTS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.2-8.2), Cotton-Myer grade 3-4 (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1-6.4), and lack of intraoperative steroids (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.2-6.9) were associated with tracheostomy dependence. Nonsmokers, patients without tracheostomy, and idiopathic LTS patients had a significantly longer time to second dilation procedure. Conclusion Iatrogenic LTS presents with a greater disease burden and higher risk of tracheostomy dependence when compared with other etiologies of LTS. Comorbid conditions promoting microvascular injury-including smoking, COPD, and diabetes-were prevalent in the iatrogenic cohort. Changes in hospital practice patterns to promote earlier tracheostomy in high-risk patients could reduce the incidence of LTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar K Gadkaree
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinciya Pandian
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon Best
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin M Motz
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clint Allen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Young Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee Akst
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander T Hillel
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Niwa O, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Globus RK, Harrison JD, Hendry JH, Jacob P, Martin MT, Seed TM, Shay JW, Story MD, Suzuki K, Yamashita S. ICRP Publication 131: Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 44:7-357. [PMID: 26637346 DOI: 10.1177/0146645315595585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is presented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue, intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are the microenvironmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, and hence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair; (b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells and not retained in the parental cell; and (d) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the niche. DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell competition requires weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. The aforementioned processes may contribute to the differences in carcinogenic radiation risk values between tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly replicating tissue such as small intestine is less prone to such risk. The processes also provide a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNT model, and the relative and absolute risk models. The radiobiological knowledge also provides a scientific insight into discussions of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor currently used in radiological protection guidelines. In addition, the biological information contributes potential reasons for the age-dependent sensitivity to radiation carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero exposure.
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Gao W, Jin J, Yin J, Land S, Gaither-Davis A, Christie N, Luketich JD, Siegfried JM, Keohavong P. KRAS and TP53 mutations in bronchoscopy samples from former lung cancer patients. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:381-388. [PMID: 27182622 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the KRAS and TP53 genes have been found frequently in lung tumors and specimens from individuals at high risk for lung cancer and have been suggested as predictive markers for lung cancer. In order to assess the prognostic value of these two genes' mutations in lung cancer recurrence, we analyzed mutations in codon 12 of the KRAS gene and in hotspot codons of the TP53 gene in 176 bronchial biopsies obtained from 77 former lung cancer patients. Forty-seven patients (61.0%) showed mutations, including 35/77 (45.5%) in the KRAS gene and 25/77 (32.5%) in the TP53 gene, among them 13/77 (16.9%) had mutations in both genes. When grouped according to past or current smoking status, a higher proportion of current smokers showed mutations, in particular those in the TP53 gene (P = 0.07), compared with ex-smokers. These mutations were found in both abnormal lesions (8/20 or 40%) and histologically normal tissues (70/156 or 44.9%) (P = 0.812). They consisted primarily of G to A transition and G to T transversion in both the KRAS (41/56 or 73.2%) and TP53 (24/34 or 70.6%) genes, consistent with mutations found in lung tumors of smoking lung cancer patients. Overall, recurrence-free survival (RFS) among all subjects could be explained by age at diagnosis, tumor stage, tumor subtype, and smoking (P < 0.05, Cox proportional hazard). Therefore, KRAS and TP53 mutations were frequently detected in bronchial tissues of former lung cancer patients. However, the presence of mutation of bronchial biopsies was not significantly associated with a shorter RFS time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jide Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinling Yin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Land
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Neil Christie
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Phouthone Keohavong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Shen Y, Wolkowicz MJ, Kotova T, Fan L, Timko MP. Transcriptome sequencing reveals e-cigarette vapor and mainstream-smoke from tobacco cigarettes activate different gene expression profiles in human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23984. [PMID: 27041137 PMCID: PMC4819171 DOI: 10.1038/srep23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) generate an aerosol vapor (e-vapor) thought to represent a less risky alternative to main stream smoke (MSS) of conventional tobacco cigarettes. RNA-seq analysis was used to examine the transcriptomes of differentiated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to air, MSS from 1R5F tobacco reference cigarettes, and e-vapor with and without added nicotine in an in vitro air-liquid interface model for cellular exposure. Our results indicate that while e-vapor does not elicit many of the cell toxicity responses observed in MSS-exposed HBE cells, e-vapor exposure is not benign, but elicits discrete transcriptomic signatures with and without added nicotine. Among the cellular pathways with the most significantly enriched gene expression following e-vapor exposure are the phospholipid and fatty acid triacylglycerol metabolism pathways. Our data suggest that alterations in cellular glycerophopholipid biosynthesis are an important consequences of e-vapor exposure. Moreover, the presence of nicotine in e-vapor elicits a cellular response distinct from e-vapor alone including alterations of cytochrome P450 function, retinoid metabolism, and nicotine catabolism. These studies establish a baseline for future analysis of e-vapor and e-vapor additives that will better inform the FDA and other governmental bodies in discussions of the risks and future regulation of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Shen
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health and Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Tatyana Kotova
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lonjiang Fan
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health and Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Michael P. Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Kadara H, Scheet P, Wistuba II, Spira AE. Early Events in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:518-27. [PMID: 27006378 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide are attributed to lung cancer. There are more than 90 million smokers in the United States who represent a significant population at elevated risk for lung malignancy. In other epithelial tumors, it has been shown that if neoplastic lesions can be detected and treated at their intraepithelial stage, patient prognosis is significantly improved. Thus, new strategies to detect and treat lung preinvasive lesions are urgently needed in order to decrease the overwhelming public health burden of lung cancer. Limiting these advances is a poor knowledge of the earliest events that underlie lung cancer development and that would constitute markers and targets for early detection and prevention. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of human lung cancer pathogenesis and the molecular pathology of premalignant lung lesions, with a focus on the molecular premalignant field that associates with lung cancer development. Lastly, we highlight new approaches and models to study genome-wide alterations in human lung premalignancy in order to facilitate the discovery of new markers for early detection and prevention of this fatal disease. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 518-27. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas.
| | - Paul Scheet
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cao C, Chen J, Lyu C, Yu J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zou D. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Effects of Tobacco Smoke on Gene Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143377. [PMID: 26629988 PMCID: PMC4667894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of tobacco smoke on gene expression through bioinformatics analyses. Gene expression profile GSE17913 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in buccal mucosa tissues between 39 active smokers and 40 never smokers were identified. Gene Ontology Specifically, the DEG distribution in the pathway of Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was shown in Fig 2[corrected] were performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, transcriptional regulatory network as well as miRNA-target regulatory network construction. In total, 88 up-regulated DEGs and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified. Among these DEGs, cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 were enriched in the Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway. In the PPI network, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta (YWHAZ), and CYP1A1 were hub genes. In the transcriptional regulatory network, transcription factors of MYC associated factor X (MAX) and upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulated many overlapped DEGs. In addition, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D (PTPRD) was regulated by multiple miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. CYP1A1, CYP1B1, YWHAZ and PTPRD, and TF of MAX and USF1 may have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tobacco smoke-related pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chengqi Lyu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Derong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Hwang HJ, Kim MY, Kim SS, Choi CM. CT Characteristic of Early Local Recurrence After Resection of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparison With CT Characteristics of Stump Deformity or Granulation Tissue at Stump Site. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1691. [PMID: 26469905 PMCID: PMC4616788 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the thin section computed tomography (CT) characteristics of the early local tumor recurrence with those of the stump deformity or granulation tissue after the resection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Twenty-nine consecutive patients with local recurrence after definitive SCC operation from April 2006 to September 2012 were included in our study. Pre- and postoperative CT findings from these patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those in the age- and sex-matched 29 patients with the stump deformity or granulation tissue at stump site after definitive SCC operation, by 2 radiologists. We evaluated the initial tumor stage, tumor size, and tumor location in relation with the bronchus on preoperative CT scan. On postoperative CT scan, we evaluated the size, CT characteristics, and involvement pattern of the suspected soft tissue around the stump site, and the distance between surgical staples and soft tissue at the stump site.Tumor stage, tumor size, and tumor location in relation with the bronchus on preoperative CT scan were not significantly different between 2 groups, while lymph node stage was more advanced in the local recurrence group. On postoperative CT scan, the size of suspected soft tissue at stump site is significantly larger, and the distance between stump staples and suspected soft tissue was significantly longer in the local recurrence group than control group (median; 19 mm and 3 mm; 18 mm and 0 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). The univariate analysis showed that the size of soft tissue and the distance between soft tissue and stump site on postoperative CT scan were associated with the predictive factors of local recurrence (P < 0.001). On the receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cutoffs of the size of soft tissue and the distance between soft tissue and stump staples for determining local tumor recurrence were 6 and 5 mm, respectively.The proper knowledge CT characteristics of local tumor recurrence including the soft tissue size (cut-off, 6 mm) and the distance (cut-off, 5 mm) between soft tissue and stump site will help us achieve the early diagnosis and higher diagnostic rate of locally recurred SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeon Hwang
- From the Department of Radiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do (HJH); Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul (MYK); Department of Healthcare Management, Cheongju University, Cheongwon-fu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (S-SK); and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Division of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea (C-MC)
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Abstract
Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco exposure and health effects can play a critical role in tobacco product regulation and public health policy. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco toxicants are well established and have been used in population studies to establish public policy regarding exposure to second-hand smoke, an example being the nicotine metabolite cotinine, which can be measured in urine. Biomarkers of biological response to tobacco smoking range from those indicative of inflammation to mRNA and microRNA patterns related to tobacco use and/or disease state. Biomarkers identifying individuals with an increased risk for a pathological response to tobacco have also been described. The challenge for any novel technology or biomarker is its translation to clinical and/or regulatory application, a process that requires first technical validation of the assay and then careful consideration of the context the biomarker assay may be used in the regulatory setting. Nonetheless, the current efforts to investigate new biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure promise to offer powerful new tools in addressing the health hazards of tobacco product use. This review will examine such biomarkers, albeit with a focus on those related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Orr
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Richter
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Carpagnano GE, Lacedonia D, Crisetti E, Palladino GP, Saliani V, Zoppo LD, Antonetti R, Natalicchio I, Foschino-Barbaro MP. Exhaled HPV Infection in Lung Cancer: Role of MA at 3p. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:383-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kathuria H, Gesthalter Y, Spira A, Brody JS, Steiling K. Updates and controversies in the rapidly evolving field of lung cancer screening, early detection, and chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1157-79. [PMID: 24840047 PMCID: PMC4074822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Cigarette smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for lung cancer, and a sustained elevation of lung cancer risk persists even after smoking cessation. Despite identifiable risk factors, there has been minimal improvement in mortality for patients with lung cancer primarily stemming from diagnosis at a late stage when there are few effective therapeutic options. Early detection of lung cancer and effective screening of high-risk individuals may help improve lung cancer mortality. While low dose computerized tomography (LDCT) screening of high risk smokers has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality, the high rates of false positives and potential for over-diagnosis have raised questions on how to best implement lung cancer screening. The rapidly evolving field of lung cancer screening and early-detection biomarkers may ultimately improve the ability to diagnose lung cancer in its early stages, identify smokers at highest-risk for this disease, and target chemoprevention strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges related to lung cancer screening, the field of biomarker development for early lung cancer detection, and the future of lung cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmeena Kathuria
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Yaron Gesthalter
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Jerome S Brody
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Katrina Steiling
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Shaykhiev R, Wang R, Zwick RK, Hackett NR, Leung R, Moore MAS, Sima CS, Chao IW, Downey RJ, Strulovici-Barel Y, Salit J, Crystal RG. Airway basal cells of healthy smokers express an embryonic stem cell signature relevant to lung cancer. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1992-2002. [PMID: 23857717 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) signature genes has been observed in various epithelial cancers. In this study, we found that the hESC signature is selectively induced in the airway basal stem/progenitor cell population of healthy smokers (BC-S), with a pattern similar to that activated in all major types of human lung cancer. We further identified a subset of 6 BC-S hESC genes, whose coherent overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma (AdCa) was associated with reduced lung function, poorer differentiation grade, more advanced tumor stage, remarkably shorter survival, and higher frequency of TP53 mutations. BC-S shared with hESC and a considerable subset of lung carcinomas a common TP53 inactivation molecular pattern which strongly correlated with the BC-S hESC gene expression. These data provide transcriptome-based evidence that smoking-induced reprogramming of airway BC toward the hESC-like phenotype might represent a common early molecular event in the development of aggressive lung carcinomas in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Sreedhar G, Narayanappa Sumalatha M, Shukla D. An overview of the risk factors associated with multiple oral premalignant lesions with a case report of extensive field cancerization in a female patient. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 159:178-83. [PMID: 24401899 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field cancerization is a well-known and well-documented process of malignant transformation first coined by Slaughter et al. in 1953. Tobacco chewing was associated with the greatest increase in the risk of multiple oral premalignant lesions and may be the major source of field cancerization of the oral cavity in the Indian population. The field cancerization will probably help clinicians in complementing evaluation of pathologic biopsy specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present a case report of field cancerization in a 63-year-old Indian female. She presented with an intra-oral generalized hyperkeratotic verruciform type white lesions involving right and left buccal mucosa, lower labial mucosa, upper and lower vestibule, dorsal, ventral and right lateral border of the tongue, hard and soft palate. Microscopic examination revealed features of verrucous carcinoma in one area, squamous cell carcinoma in another and carcinoma in situ in other areas. Based on the overall features in various areas of the oral cavity, the lesion was diagnosed as field cancerization. CONCLUSION Reviewing the literature revealed the presence of a field with genetically altered cells appear to be induced by tobacco (smoking/smokeless form). The large number of premalignant cells in the fields may increase cancer risk considerably. Thus screening and monitoring of the field may have serious implications for oral cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadiputi Sreedhar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Deepika Shukla
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Green CE, Turner AM. Role of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in lung cancer pathogenesis. World J Respirol 2013; 3:67-76. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v3.i3.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two important smoking related conditions. However, COPD has been shown to be an independent risk factor for lung cancer regardless of smoking history, suggesting that COPD and lung cancer may share a common pathogenesis. This review summarizes the epidemiology of lung cancer and COPD briefly, as well as discussing the potential for shared genetic risk, and shared genomic mechanisms, such as epigenetic changes or DNA damage induced by smoking. How key areas of COPD pathogenesis, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and protease imbalance may contribute to subsequent development of cancer will also be covered. Finally the possibility that consequences of COPD, such as hypoxia, influence carcinogenesis will be reviewed. By understanding the pathogenesis of COPD and lung cancer in detail it is possible that new treatments may be developed and the risk of lung cancer in COPD may be reduced.
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