1
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Liu D, Cao J, Ding X, Xu W, Yao X, Dai M, Tai Q, Shi M, Fei K, Xu Y, Su B. Disulfiram/copper complex improves the effectiveness of the WEE1 inhibitor Adavosertib in p53 deficient non-small cell lung cancer via ferroptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167455. [PMID: 39111630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells lacking functional p53 exhibit poor prognosis, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Inhibiting WEE1, the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint gatekeeper, represents a promising approach for treating p53-deficient NSCLC. Here, we investigate the connection between p53 and WEE1, as well as explore a synergistic therapeutic approach for managing p53-deficient NSCLC. Our study reveals that p53 deficiency upregulates both protein levels and kinase activity of WEE1 by inhibiting its SUMOylation process, thereby enhancing the susceptibility of p53-deficient NSCLC to WEE1 inhibitors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the WEE1 inhibitor Adavosertib induces intracellular lipid peroxidation, specifically in p53-deficient NSCLC cells, suggesting potential synergy with pro-oxidant reagents. Repurposing Disulfiram (DSF), an alcoholism medication used in combination with copper (Cu), exhibits pro-oxidant properties against NSCLC. The levels of WEE1 protein in p53-deficient NSCLC cells treated with DSF-Cu exhibit a time-dependent increase. Subsequent evaluation of the combination therapy involving Adavosertib and DSF-Cu reveals reduced cell viability along with smaller tumor volumes and lighter tumor weights observed in both p53-deficient cells and xenograft models while correlating with solute carrier family 7-member 11 (SLC7A11)/glutathione-regulated ferroptosis pathway activation. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the molecular interplay between p53 and WEE1 and unveil a novel synergistic therapeutic strategy for treating p53-deficient NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingxue Cao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Yao
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Dai
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qidong Tai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Minxing Shi
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ke Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Bo Su
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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2
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Young RWC, Rodriguez GR, Kucera J, Carrera D, Antevil JL, Trachiotis GD. Molecular Markers, Immune Therapy, and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-State-of-the-Art Review for Surgeons. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2024. [PMID: 38900703 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2024.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. An increasing understanding of relevant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) biomarkers has led to the recent development of molecular-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors that have revolutionized treatment for patients with advanced and metastatic disease. The purpose of this review is to provide surgeons with a state-of-the-art understanding of the current medical and surgical treatment trends and their implications in the future of management of NSCLC. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed was conducted to identify English language articles published between January 2010 and March 2024 focusing on molecular markers, tumor targeting, and immunotherapy in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. Case series, observational studies, randomized trials, guidelines, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Results: There is now increasing data to suggest that molecular-targeted therapies and immune therapies have a role in the neoadjuvant setting. Advances in intraoperative imaging allow surgeons to perform increasingly parenchymal-sparing lung resections without compromising tumor margins. Liquid biopsies can noninvasively detect targetable mutations in cancer cells and DNA from a blood draw, potentially allowing for earlier diagnosis, personalized therapy, and long-term monitoring for disease recurrence. Conclusions: The management of NSCLC has advanced dramatically in recent years fueled by a growing understanding of the cancer biology of NSCLC. Advances in medical therapies, surgical techniques, and diagnostic and surveillance modalities continue to evolve but have already impacted current treatment strategies for NSCLC, which are encompassed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W C Young
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gustavo R Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John Kucera
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Carrera
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jared L Antevil
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Heart Center, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gregory D Trachiotis
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Heart Center, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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3
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Hirose Y, Sato S, Hashiya K, Ooga M, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Chb-M', an Inhibitor of the RUNX Family Binding to DNA, Induces Apoptosis in p53-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Inhibits Tumor Growth and Repopulation In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9165-9172. [PMID: 38803164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) proteins are considered to play various roles in cancer. Here, we evaluated the anticancer activity of Chb-M', a compound that specifically and covalently binds to the consensus sequence for RUNX family proteins, in p53-mutated non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chb-M' killed the cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. The compound showed an anticancer effect comparable to that of the clinically used drugs alectinib and ceritinib in vivo. Notably, Chb-M' extended the cancer-free survival of mice after ending treatment more effectively than did the other two drugs. The results presented here suggest that Chb-M' is an attractive candidate as an anticancer drug applicable to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and various other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirose
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Hashiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ooga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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4
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Mohanty D, Padhee S, Priyadarshini A, Champati BB, Das PK, Jena S, Sahoo A, Chandra Panda P, Nayak S, Ray A. Elucidating the anti-cancer potential of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil against non-small cell lung cancer: A multifaceted approach involving GC-MS profiling, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics simulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28026. [PMID: 38533033 PMCID: PMC10963383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & Eberm., or Indian Bay Leaf, is a well-known traditional ayurvedic medicine used to treat various ailments. However, the molecular mechanism of action of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil (CTEO) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. The present study aims to decipher the molecular targets and mechanism of CTEO in treating NSCLC. GC-MS analysis detected 49 constituents; 44 successfully passed the drug-likeness screening and were identified as active compounds. A total of 3961 CTEO targets and 4588 anti-NSCLC-related targets were acquired. JUN, P53, IL6, MAPK3, HIF1A, and CASP3 were determined as hub genes, while cinnamaldehyde, ethyl cinnamate and acetophenone were identified as core compounds. Enrichment analysis revealed that targets were mainly involved in apoptosis, TNF, IL17, pathways in cancer and MAPK signalling pathways. mRNA expression, pathological stage, survival analysis, immune infiltrate correlation and genetic alteration analysis of the core hub genes were carried out. Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) curve revealed that HIF1A and CASP3 are linked to worse overall survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cancer patients compared to normal patients. Ethyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde showed high binding energy with the MAPK3 and formed stable interactions with MAPK3 during the molecular dynamic simulations for 100 ns. The MM/PBSA analysis revealed that van der Waals (VdW) contributions predominantly account for a significant portion of the compound interactions within the binding pocket of MAPK3. Density functional theory analysis showed cinnamaldehyde as the most reactive and least stable compound. CTEO exhibited selective cytotoxicity by inhibiting the proliferation of A549 cells while sparing normal HEK293 cells. CTEO triggered apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle, increasing ROS accumulation, causing mitochondrial depolarisation, and elevating caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 levels in A549 cells. The above study provides insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of action of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil against non-small cell lung cancer treatment, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajani Mohanty
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sucheesmita Padhee
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Arpita Priyadarshini
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Champati
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sudipta Jena
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Pratap Chandra Panda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Asit Ray
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
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5
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Han S, Yang X, Zhuang J, Zhou Q, Wang J, Ru L, Niu F, Mao W. α-Hederin promotes ferroptosis and reverses cisplatin chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1298-1317. [PMID: 38244586 PMCID: PMC10866401 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a core chemotherapy regimen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, chemoresistance to cisplatin leads to a poor prognosis in NSCLC. α-Hederin is a natural compound extracted from Nigella sativa. The study aims to explore the effects of α-Hederin on cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. METHODS NSCLC cisplatin-resistant cell lines A549/DPP and PC-9 were cultured to evaluate the efficacy of α-Hederin in the treatment of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomics and RNA-seq analysis were used to determine the potential mechanisms of action of α-Hederin. RESULTS The results showed that α-Hederin inhibited cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells proliferation and metastasis. Mice xenograft, orthotopic, and metastatic A549/DPP cell models also showed the anti-tumor effects of α-Hederin. The metabolomics and RNA-seq analysis results showed that α-Hederin activated DDIT3/ATF3 pathway and ferroptosis via silencing SLC7A11 and GPX4. Furthermore, α-Hederin enhanced the nuclear expression of EGR1. Bioinformatics and luciferase experiments confirmed that EGR1 binds to the miR-96-5p promoter region, inhibiting transcription. In addition, miR-96-5p directly suppressed the levels of DDIT3. CONCLUSION This study revealed that α-Hederin activated EGR1 nuclear translocation and directly repressed miR-96-5p. It also promoted DDIT3/ATF3-mediated ferroptosis and reversed cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugao Han
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lixin Ru
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Furong Niu
- School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou 313000, China
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6
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Mendoza RP, Chen‐Yost HI, Wanjari P, Wang P, Symes E, Johnson DN, Reeves W, Mueller J, Antic T, Biernacka A. Lung adenocarcinomas with isolated TP53 mutation: A comprehensive clinical, cytopathologic and molecular characterization. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6873. [PMID: 38164123 PMCID: PMC10824142 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 mutation is present in about 50.8% of lung adenocarcinomas, frequently in combination with other genetic alterations. However, a rare subset harbors the TP53 mutation alone. METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed in 844 lung adenocarcinomas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Fourteen cases (1.7%) showed isolated TP53 alteration and were subjected to a comprehensive analysis. RESULTS The average age at diagnosis was 65.7 years (range 48-79); 9 males and 5 females. All were smokers with an average pack-year of 40.7 (range 10-70). Ten had metastases, mostly in the brain (n = 4) and pleura (n = 4). After a follow-up period of up to 102 months, 9 died, 3 were alive free of disease, 1 was alive with disease, and 1 was lost to follow-up. The median survival was 12.2 months. Most tumors exhibited poor differentiation, composed of solid sheets with moderate to severe atypia, increased mitotic activity, and necrotic background. Half were positive for TTF-1 and showed p53 overexpression. PD-L1 was positive in 5 cases. Most alterations were missense mutations in exons 5-8, and this mutation type was associated with p53 overexpression. Tumors with combined missense mutation and truncated protein had higher PD-L1 expression along with a trend towards an increase in tumor mutational burden (TMB). CEBPA deletion of undetermined significance was the most common copy number alteration. CONCLUSION Isolated TP53 mutation was seen in association with smoking, high-grade cytomorphologic features, adverse prognosis, and recurrent CEBPA deletions. These tumors tend to have strong PD-L1 expression and high TMB, suggesting potential benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hence, the recognition of this molecular group has prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle P. Mendoza
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Pankhuri Wanjari
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Emily Symes
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Daniel N. Johnson
- Department of PathologyOSF Little Company of Mary Medical CenterEvergreen ParkIllinoisUSA
| | - Ward Reeves
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jeffrey Mueller
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Tatjana Antic
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Anna Biernacka
- Department of PathologyThe University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIllinoisUSA
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7
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Li C, Shao J, Li P, Feng J, Li J, Wang C. Circulating tumor DNA as liquid biopsy in lung cancer: Biological characteristics and clinical integration. Cancer Lett 2023; 577:216365. [PMID: 37634743 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer maintains high morbidity and mortality rate globally despite significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine. Pathological analysis of tumor tissue, the current gold standard for lung cancer diagnosis, is intrusive and intrinsically confined to evaluating the limited amount of tissues that could be physically extracted. However, tissue biopsy has several limitations, including the invasiveness of the procedure and difficulty in obtaining samples for patients at advanced stages., there Additionally,has been no major breakthrough in tumor biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, particularly for early-stage lung cancer. Liquid biopsy has been considered a feasible auxiliary tool for tearly dianosis, evaluating treatment responses and monitoring prognosis of lung cancer. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), an ideal biomarker of liquid biopsy, has emerged as one of the most reliable tools for monitoring tumor processes at molecular levels. Herein, this review focuses on tumor heterogeneity to elucidate the superiority of liquid biopsy and retrospectively discussdeciphersolution. We systematically elaborate ctDNA biological characteristics, introduce methods for ctDNA detection, and discuss the current role of plasma ctDNA in lung cancer management. Finally, we summarize the drawbacks of ctDNA analysis and highlight its potential clinical application in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaming Feng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Kaur R, Bhardwaj A, Gupta S. Cancer treatment therapies: traditional to modern approaches to combat cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9663-9676. [PMID: 37828275 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As far as health issues are concerned, cancer causes one out of every six deaths around the globe. As potent therapeutics are still awaited for the successful treatment of cancer, some unconventional treatments like radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy and some advanced technologies like gene therapy, stem cell therapy, natural antioxidants, targeted therapy, photodynamic therapy, nanoparticles, and precision medicine are available to diagnose and treat cancer. In the present scenario, the prime focus is on developing efficient nanomedicines to treat cancer. Although stem cell therapy has the capability to target primary as well as metastatic cancer foci, it also has the ability to repair and regenerate injured tissues. However, nanoparticles are designed to have such novel therapeutic capabilities. Targeted therapy is also now available to arrest the growth and development of cancer cells without damaging healthy tissues. Another alternative approach in this direction is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which has more potential to treat cancer as it does minimal damage and does not limit other technologies, as in the case of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The best possible way to treat cancer is by developing novel therapeutics through translational research. In the present scenario, an important event in modern oncology therapy is the shift from an organ-centric paradigm guiding therapy to complete molecular investigations. The lacunae in anticancer therapy may be addressed through the creation of contemporary and pertinent cancer therapeutic techniques. In the meantime, the growth of nanotechnology, material sciences, and biomedical sciences has revealed a wide range of contemporary therapies with intelligent features, adaptable functions, and modification potential. The development of numerous therapeutic techniques for the treatment of cancer is summarized in this article. Additionally, it can serve as a resource for oncology and immunology researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Zhu M, Kim J, Deng Q, Ricciuti B, Alessi JV, Eglenen-Polat B, Bender ME, Huang HC, Kowash RR, Cuevas I, Bennett ZT, Gao J, Minna JD, Castrillon DH, Awad MM, Xu L, Akbay EA. Loss of p53 and mutational heterogeneity drives immune resistance in an autochthonous mouse lung cancer model with high tumor mutational burden. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1731-1748.e8. [PMID: 37774698 PMCID: PMC10693909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of tumor mutational burden (TMB) in shaping tumor immunity is a key question that has not been addressable using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung cancer. To induce TMB in lung GEMMs, we expressed an ultra-mutator variant of DNA polymerase-E (POLE)P286R in lung epithelial cells. Introduction of PoleP286R allele into KrasG12D and KrasG12D; p53L/L (KP) models significantly increase their TMB. Immunogenicity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) induced by Pole is partially dependent on p53. Corroborating these observations, survival of NSCLC patients whose tumors have TP53truncating mutations is shorter than those with TP53WT with immunotherapy. Immune resistance is in part through reduced antigen presentation and in part due to mutational heterogeneity. Total STING protein levels are elevated in Pole mutated KP tumors creating a vulnerability. A stable polyvalent STING agonist or p53 induction increases sensitivity to immunotherapy offering therapeutic options in these polyclonal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao V Alessi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Buse Eglenen-Polat
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Bender
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hai-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan R Kowash
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ileana Cuevas
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zachary T Bennett
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mark M Awad
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Peng M, Hu Q, Wu Z, Wang B, Wang C, Yu F. Mutation of TP53 Confers Ferroptosis Resistance in Lung Cancer Through the FOXM1/MEF2C Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1587-1602. [PMID: 37236507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a highly regulated tumor suppressor process. Loss or mutation of TP53 can cause changes in sensitivity to ferroptosis. Mutations in TP53 may be associated with the malignant or indolent progression of ground glass nodules in early lung cancer, but whether ferroptosis may also be involved in determining this biological process has not yet been determined. Using in vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches, this study used clinical tissue for mutation analysis and pathological research to show that wild-type TP53 inhibited the expression of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, maintaining the mitochondrial function and thus affecting the sensitivity to ferroptosis. This function was absent in mutant cells, resulting in overexpression of FOXM1 and ferroptosis resistance. Mechanistically, FOXM1 activated the transcription level of myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, leading to stress protection when exposed to ferroptosis inducers. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of association between TP53 mutation and ferroptosis tolerance, which can aid a deeper understanding of the role of TP53 in the malignant progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qikang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Puri M, Gawri K, Dawar R. Therapeutic strategies for BRAF mutation in non-small cell lung cancer: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141876. [PMID: 37645429 PMCID: PMC10461310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. Among the two broad types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of the cases. The study of the genetic alteration has facilitated the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Some of the molecular alterations which are important targets for drug therapy include Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), V-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK). In the setting of extensive on-going clinical trials, it is imperative to periodically review the advancements and the newer drug therapies being available. Among all mutations, BRAF mutation is common with incidence being 8% overall and 1.5 - 4% in NSCLC. Here, we have summarized the BRAF mutation types and reviewed the various drug therapy available - for both V600 and nonV600 group; the mechanism of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and strategies to overcome it; the significance of comprehensive profiling of concurrent mutations, and the role of immune checkpoint inhibitor in BRAF mutated NSCLC. We have also included the currently ongoing clinical trials and recent advancements including combination therapy that would play a role in improving the overall survival and outcome of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Puri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Kunal Gawri
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Richa Dawar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, United States
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12
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Xu D, Qian W, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Sun P, Wan Q, Yin Y, Hu Y, Gong L, Zhang B, Yang X, Pu Z, Lu P, Zou J. Acetylation halts missense mutant p53 aggregation and rescues tumor suppression in non-small cell lung cancers. iScience 2023; 26:107003. [PMID: 37534137 PMCID: PMC10391690 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are ubiquitous with tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). By analyzing the TCGA database, we reported that TP53 missense mutations are correlated with chromosomal instability and tumor mutation burden in NSCLC. The inability of wild-type nor mutant p53 expression can't predict survival in lung cancer cohorts, however, an examination of primary NSCLC tissues found that acetylated p53 did yield an association with improved survival outcomes. Molecularly, we demonstrated that acetylation drove the ubiquitination and degradation of mutant p53 but enhanced stability of wild-type p53. Moreover, acetylation of a missense p53 mutation prevented the gain of oncogenic function observed in typical TP53 mutant-expressing cells and enhanced tumor suppressor functions. Consequently, acetylation inducer targeting of missense mutant p53 may be a viable therapeutic goal for NSCLC treatment and may improve the accuracy of current efforts to utilize p53 mutations in a prognostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhenkun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Pathology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Lingli Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
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Alam M, Hasan GM, Eldin SM, Adnan M, Riaz MB, Islam A, Khan I, Hassan MI. Investigating regulated signaling pathways in therapeutic targeting of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114452. [PMID: 36878052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. The signaling cascades are stimulated via genetic modifications in upstream signaling molecules, which affect apoptotic, proliferative, and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of these signaling cascades causes cancer-initiating cell proliferation, cancer development, and drug resistance. Numerous efforts in the treatment of NSCLC have been undertaken in the past few decades, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer development and moving forward to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Modifications of transcription factors and connected pathways are utilized to develop new treatment options for NSCLC. Developing designed inhibitors targeting specific cellular signaling pathways in tumor progression has been recommended for the therapeutic management of NSCLC. This comprehensive review provided deeper mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanism of action of various signaling molecules and their targeting in the clinical management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Riaz
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdnask, Poland; Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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14
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Wang YC, Hui JR, Xiao G, Ma QL. Mechanism of Key Ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus on Lung Adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT Signaling Clarified by Utilizing Network Pharmacology Approach and Experimental Validation. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:244-252. [PMID: 36044117 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of the effect of Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) on lung adenocarcinoma at the molecular level to elucidate the specific targets according to the network pharmacology approach. METHODS The active components of A. membranaceus and their potential targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Lung adenocarcinoma-associated genes were acquired based on GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), PharmGKB, and Therapeutic Targets databases. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related genes were obtained using Reactome portal. Networks of "ingredient-target" and "ingredient-target-pathway-disease" were constructed using the Cytoscape3.6.0 software. The relationships among targets were analyzed according protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, molecular docking was applied to construct the binding conformation between active ingredients and core targets. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and Western blot assays were performed to determine the mechanism of the key ingredient of A. membranaceus. RESULTS A total of 20 active components and their 329 targets, and 7,501 lung adenocarcinoma-related genes and 130 PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related genes were obtained. According to Venn diagram and PPI network analysis, 2 mainly active ingredients, including kaempferol and quercetin, and 6 core targets, including TP53, MAPK1, EGF, AKT1, ERBB2, and EGFR, were identified. The two important active ingredients of A. membranaceus, kaempferol and quercetin, exert the therapeutic effect in lung adenocarcinoma partly by acting on the 6 core targets (TP53, MAPK1, EGF, AKT1, ERBB2, and EGFR) of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Expressions of potential targets in lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples were analyzed by using UALCAN portal and found that ERBB2 was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and upregulation of it correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. Finally, quercetin repressed viabilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting ERBB2 on PI3K/AKT signaling confirmed by CCK8 and Western blot. CONCLUSION Our finding unraveled that an active ingredient of A. membranaceus, quercetin, significantly inhibited the lung adenocarcinoma cells proliferation by repressing ERBB2 level and inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712000, China.
| | - Jian-Rong Hui
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712046, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712000, China
| | - Qiao-Lin Ma
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712046, China
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15
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Samarth N, Gulhane P, Singh S. Immunoregulatory framework and the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of NSCLC - A systematic review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1089320. [PMID: 36620544 PMCID: PMC9811680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1089320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With a 5-year survival rate of only 15%, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common kind of lung carcinoma and the cause of millions of deaths annually, has drawn attention. Numerous variables, such as disrupted signaling caused by somatic mutations in the EGFR-mediated RAS/RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT signaling cascade, supports tumour survival in one way or another. Here, the tumour microenvironment significantly contributes to the development of cancer by thwarting the immune response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression that can function as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. They have a major influence on the occurrence and prognosis of NSCLC. Though, a myriad number of therapies are available and many are being clinically tested, still the drug resistance, its adverse effect and toxicity leading towards fatality cannot be ruled out. In this review, we tried to ascertain the missing links in between perturbed EGFR signaling, miRNAs favouring tumorigenesis and the autophagy mechanism. While connecting all the aforementioned points multiple associations were set, which can be targeted in order to combat NSCLC. Here, we tried illuminating designing synthetically engineered circuits with the toggle switches that might lay a prototype for better therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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16
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Malhotra L, Sharma S, Hariprasad G, Dhingra R, Mishra V, Sharma RS, Kaur P, Ethayathulla AS. Mechanism of apoptosis activation by Curcumin rescued mutant p53Y220C in human pancreatic cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119343. [PMID: 36007676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mutant p53Y220C (mutp53Y220C) is frequently observed in numerous tumors, including pancreatic cancer. The mutation creates a crevice in the DNA binding core domain and makes p53 a thermally unstable non-functional protein that assists tumor progression and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Restoring mutp53 function to its wild type by selectively targeting this crevice with small molecules is a pivotal strategy to promote apoptosis. In this study, we have shown through different biophysical and cell-based studies that curcumin binds and rescues mutp53Y220C to an active wild-type conformation and restores its apoptotic transcription function in BxPC-3-pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, the curcumin-rescued-p53Y220C (CRp53) showed significant hyperphosphorylation at Ser15, Ser20, and acetylation at Lys382 with an 8-fold increase in transcription activity in the BxPC-3 cell lines. We also observed that the active CRp53 escapes Mdm2-mediated proteasomal degradation and the majority of the proteins were localized inside the nucleus with an increased half-life and transcription restoration compared to untreated BxPC-3 cells. By label-free proteomics analysis, we observed that upon curcumin treatment almost 227 proteins were dysregulated with the majority of them being transcriptional targets of p53. Based on our studies, it reflects that apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by curcumin-rescued mutant p53Y220C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Renu Dhingra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Radhey S Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abdul S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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17
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[Consensus on Postoperative Recurrence Prediction of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Based on Molecular Markers]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:701-714. [PMID: 36285390 PMCID: PMC9619343 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in lung cancer screening, surgery, chemoradiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy recently. Surgical resection is the most important treatment for localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) so far, but there are still many patients who develop local recurrence or distant metastases within 5 years of surgery. Currently, the risk factors of recurrence in patients with NSCLC are mainly based on clinical and pathological features, which hardly identify patients at high risk of recurrence accurately. With the development of new detection technologies, a number of molecular markers that may have a predictive risk of recurrence in NSCLC have been discovered over the years. In order to summarize the molecular markers related to postoperative recurrence in NSCLC patients, we have formulated a consensus on the prediction of postoperative recurrence of NSCLC based on molecular markers. This consensus mainly focuses on the early stage NSCLC patients, discusses and summarizes the risk factors of disease recurrence from the molecular level. It is hoped that more and more valuable information can be provided for the management of patients, so as to provide more guidance for the perioperative management of the patients with early stage NSCLC in the future.
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18
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Spagnuolo A, Maione P, Gridelli C. The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS mutation: a new class of drugs for an old target-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1199-1216. [PMID: 35832439 PMCID: PMC9271439 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective The genetic nature of cancer provides the rationale to support the need for molecular diagnosis and patient selection for individualised antineoplastic treatments that are the best in both tolerability and efficacy for each cancer patient, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations represent the prevalent oncogenic driver in NSCLC, being detected in roughly one-third of cases and KRAS G12C is the most frequent mutation found in approximately 13% of patients. Methods This paper gives an overview of the numerous scientific efforts in recent decades aimed at KRAS inhibition. Key Content and Findings Sotorasib is the first approved KRAS G12C inhibitor that has been shown to provide a durable clinical benefit in patients with pre-treated NSCLC with KRAS G12C mutation. Together with the development of new targeted drugs, the development of strategies to control resistance mechanisms is one of the major drivers of research that is exploring the use of KRAS inhibitors not only alone, but also in combination with other targeted therapies, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Conclusions This review will describe the major therapeutic developments in KRAS mutation-dependent NSCLC and will analyse future perspectives to maximise benefits for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Spagnuolo
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'S. G. Moscati' Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Paolo Maione
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'S. G. Moscati' Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'S. G. Moscati' Hospital, Avellino, Italy
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19
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Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Patowary P, Das A. Immunomodulatory effect of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds in cancer: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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20
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Ravichandran R, PriyaDharshini LC, Sakthivel KM, Rasmi RR. Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166400. [PMID: 35341960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative mechanism which responds to cellular conditions like stress or starvation and plays a key role in regulating cell metabolism, energy homeostasis, starvation adaptation, development and cell death. Numerous studies have stipulated the participation of autophagy in cancer, but the role of autophagy either as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter is not clearly understood. However, mechanisms by which autophagy promotes cancer involves a diverse range of modifications of autophagy associated proteins such as ATGs, Beclin-1, mTOR, p53, KRAS etc. and autophagy pathways like mTOR, PI3K, MAPK, EGFR, HIF and NFκB. Furthermore, several researches have highlighted a context-dependent, cell type and stage-dependent regulation of autophagy in cancer. Alongside this, the interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment including hypoxia has a great potential in modulating autophagy response in favour to substantiate cancer cell metabolism, self-proliferation and metastasis. In this review article, we highlight the mechanism of autophagy and their contribution to cancer cell proliferation and development. In addition, we discuss about tumor microenvironment interaction and their consequence on selective autophagy pathways and the involvement of autophagy in various tumor types and their therapeutic interventions concentrated on exploiting autophagy as a potential target to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Duan L, Perez RE, Calhoun S, Maki CG. RBL2/DREAM-mediated repression of the Aurora kinase A/B pathway determines therapy responsiveness and outcome in p53 WT NSCLC. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1049. [PMID: 35058503 PMCID: PMC8776870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type p53 is a stress-responsive transcription factor and potent tumor suppressor. P53 activates or represses genes involved in cell cycle progression or apoptosis in order to arrest the cell cycle or induce cell death. Transcription repression by p53 is indirect and requires repressive members of the RB-family (RB1, RBL1, RBL2) and formation of repressor complexes of RB1-E2F and RBL1/RBL2-DREAM. Many aurora kinase A/B (AURKA/B) pathway genes are repressed in a p53-DREAM-dependent manner. We found heightened expression of RBL2 and reduced expression of AURKA/B pathway genes is associated with improved outcomes in p53 wild-type but not p53 mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Knockdown of p53, RBL2, or the DREAM component LIN37 increased AURKA/B pathway gene expression and reduced paclitaxel and radiation toxicity in NSCLC cells. In contrast, pharmacologic inhibition of AURKA/B or knockdown of AURKA/B pathway components increased paclitaxel and IR sensitivity. The results support a model in which p53-RBL2-DREAM-mediated repression of the AURKA/B pathway contributes to tumor suppression, improved tumor therapy responses, and better outcomes in p53 wild-type NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Ricardo E Perez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Calhoun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Alhebshi H, Tian K, Patnaik L, Taylor R, Bezecny P, Hall C, Muller PAJ, Safari N, Creamer DPM, Demonacos C, Mutti L, Bittar MN, Krstic-Demonacos M. Evaluation of the Role of p53 Tumour Suppressor Posttranslational Modifications and TTC5 Cofactor in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413198. [PMID: 34947995 PMCID: PMC8707832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are found in over 50% of cancers. p53 function is controlled through posttranslational modifications and cofactor interactions. In this study, we investigated the posttranslationally modified p53, including p53 acetylated at lysine 382 (K382), p53 phosphorylated at serine 46 (S46), and the p53 cofactor TTC5/STRAP (Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 5/ Stress-responsive activator of p300-TTC5) proteins in lung cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of lung cancer tissues from 250 patients was carried out and the results were correlated with clinicopathological features. Significant associations between total or modified p53 with a higher grade of the tumour and shorter overall survival (OS) probability were detected, suggesting that mutant and/or modified p53 acts as an oncoprotein in these patients. Acetylated at K382 p53 was predominantly nuclear in some samples and cytoplasmic in others. The localization of the K382 acetylated p53 was significantly associated with the gender and grade of the disease. The TTC5 protein levels were significantly associated with the grade, tumor size, and node involvement in a complex manner. SIRT1 expression was evaluated in 50 lung cancer patients and significant positive correlation was found with p53 S46 intensity, whereas negative TTC5 staining was associated with SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, p53 protein levels showed positive association with poor OS, whereas TTC5 protein levels showed positive association with better OS outcome. Overall, our results indicate that an analysis of p53 modified versions together with TTC5 expression, upon testing on a larger sample size of patients, could serve as useful prognostic factors or drug targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasen Alhebshi
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Cockcroft Building 305, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (H.A.); (N.S.); (D.P.M.C.)
| | - Kun Tian
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, School of Basical Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China;
| | - Lipsita Patnaik
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (L.P.); (R.T.); (P.B.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Rebecca Taylor
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (L.P.); (R.T.); (P.B.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Pavel Bezecny
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (L.P.); (R.T.); (P.B.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Callum Hall
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK; (C.H.); (P.A.J.M.)
| | - Patricia Anthonia Johanna Muller
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK; (C.H.); (P.A.J.M.)
| | - Nazila Safari
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Cockcroft Building 305, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (H.A.); (N.S.); (D.P.M.C.)
| | - Delta Patricia Menendez Creamer
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Cockcroft Building 305, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (H.A.); (N.S.); (D.P.M.C.)
| | - Constantinos Demonacos
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, 3.124 Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Mohamad Nidal Bittar
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (L.P.); (R.T.); (P.B.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Marija Krstic-Demonacos
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Cockcroft Building 305, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; (H.A.); (N.S.); (D.P.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Non-small cell lung cancer: Emerging molecular targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188636. [PMID: 34655692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the most common and fatal type of primary lung malignancies. NSCLC is often diagnosed at later stages and requires systemic therapies. Despite recent advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted molecular therapies the outcomes of NSCLC remain disproportionately poor. Immunotherapy is a rapidly developing area in NSCLC management and presents opportunities for potential improvements in clinical outcomes. Indeed, different immunotherapeutics have been approved for clinical use in various settings for NSCLC. Their promise is especially poignant in light of improved survival and quality of life outcomes. Herein, we comprehensively review emerging NSCLC therapeutics. We discuss the limitations of such strategies and summarize the present status of various immunotherapeutic agents in key patient populations. We also examine the data from ongoing studies in immunotherapy and consider future areas of study, including novel inhibition targets, therapeutic vaccination, tumor genome modification, and improvements to drug delivery systems.
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Debela DT, Muzazu SGY, Heraro KD, Ndalama MT, Mesele BW, Haile DC, Kitui SK, Manyazewal T. New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211034366. [PMID: 34408877 PMCID: PMC8366192 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211034366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health problem responsible for one in six deaths worldwide. Treating cancer has been a highly complex process. Conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have been in use, while significant advances are being made in recent times, including stem cell therapy, targeted therapy, ablation therapy, nanoparticles, natural antioxidants, radionics, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Current methods in oncology focus on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Stem cell therapy has brought promising efficacy in regenerating and repairing diseased or damaged tissues by targeting both primary and metastatic cancer foci, and nanoparticles brought new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Targeted therapy possessed breakthrough potential inhibiting the growth and spread of specific cancer cells, causing less damage to healthy cells. Ablation therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure that burns or freezes cancers without the need for open surgery. Natural antioxidants demonstrated potential tracking down free radicals and neutralizing their harmful effects thereby treating or preventing cancer. Several new technologies are currently under research in clinical trials, and some of them have already been approved. This review presented an update on recent advances and breakthroughs in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Tolossa Debela
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seke GY Muzazu
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kidist Digamo Heraro
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Maureen Tayamika Ndalama
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betelhiem Woldemedhin Mesele
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagimawi Chilot Haile
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sophia Khalayi Kitui
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ghatak D, Datta A, Roychowdhury T, Chattopadhyay S, Roychoudhury S. MicroRNA-324-5p-CUEDC2 Axis Mediates Gain-of-Function Mutant p53-Driven Cancer Stemness. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1635-1650. [PMID: 34257080 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cancer stemness has recently emerged as a new gain-of-function (GOF) property of mutant p53. In this study, we identify miR-324-5p as a critical epigenetic regulator of cancer stemness and demonstrate its role in mediating GOF-mutant p53-driven stemness phenotypes. We report that miR-324-5p is upregulated in human cancer cell lines and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumors carrying TP53 GOF mutations. Mechanistically, we show that GOF mutant p53 upregulates miR-324-5p expression via c-Myc, an oncogenic transcription factor in cancer cells. Our experimental results suggest that miR-324-5p-induced CSC phenotypes stem from the downregulation of CUEDC2, a downstream target gene of miR-324-5p. Accordingly, CUEDC2 complementation diminishes elevated CSC marker expression in miR-324-5p-overexpressing cancer cells. We further demonstrate that mutant p53 cancer cells maintain a low level of CUEDC2 that is rescued upon miR-324-5p inhibition. Importantly, we identify CUEDC2 downregulation as a novel characteristic feature of TP53-mutated human cancers. We show that activation of NF-κB due to downregulation of CUEDC2 by miR-324-5p imparts stemness in GOF mutant p53 cancer cells. Finally, we provide evidence that TP53 mutations coupled with high miR-324-5p expression predict poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, our study delineates an altered miR-324-5p-CUEDC2-NF-κB pathway as a novel regulator of GOF mutant p53-driven cancer stemness. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings implicate miRNA-324-5p as a novel epigenetic modifier of human cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishari Ghatak
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Arindam Datta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, BITS-Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India. .,Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Center and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, India
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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Concurrent EGFR Genomic Alterations: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of the Double Dilemma. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways which promote lung cancer cell features have been broadly explored, leading to significant improvement in prognostic and diagnostic strategies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically altered the treatment approach for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Latest investigations by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have shown that other oncogenic driver mutations, believed mutually exclusive for decades, could coexist in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients. However, the exact clinical and pathological role of concomitant genomic aberrations needs to be investigated. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the recent data on the oncogenic role of concurrent genomic alterations, by specifically evaluating the characteristics, the pathological significance, and their potential impact on the treatment approach.
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Reck M, Carbone DP, Garassino M, Barlesi F. Targeting KRAS in non-small-cell lung cancer: recent progress and new approaches. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1101-1110. [PMID: 34089836 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat sarcoma (RAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer, with Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) being the most commonly mutated RAS isoform. Overall, KRAS accounts for 85% of RAS mutations observed in human cancers and is present in 35% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). While the use of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has drastically changed the treatment landscape of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years, historic attempts to target KRAS (both direct and indirect approaches) have had little success, and no KRAS-specific targeted therapies have been approved to date for patients in this molecular subset of NSCLC. With the discovery by Ostrem, Shokat, and colleagues of the switch II pocket on the surface of the active and inactive forms of KRAS, we now have an improved understanding of the complex interactions involved in the RAS family of signaling proteins which has led to the development of a number of promising direct KRASG12C inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib. In previously treated patients with KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC, clinical activity has been shown for both sotorasib and adagrasib monotherapy; these data suggest promising new treatment options are on the horizon. With the stage now set for a new era in the treatment of KRASG12C-mutated NSCLC, many questions remain to be answered in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of resistance, how best to use combination strategies, and if KRASG12C inhibitors will have suitable activity in earlier lines of therapy for patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - D P Carbone
- James Thoracic Oncology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - M Garassino
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology Oncology; The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - F Barlesi
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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Triangular Relationship between p53, Autophagy, and Chemotherapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238991. [PMID: 33256191 PMCID: PMC7730978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiation often induce a number of cellular responses, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. One of the major regulators of these processes is p53, an essential tumor suppressor that is often mutated or lost in many cancer types and implicated in early tumorigenesis. Gain of function (GOF) p53 mutations have been implicated in increased susceptibility to drug resistance, by compromising wildtype anti-tumor functions of p53 or modulating key p53 processes that confer chemotherapy resistance, such as autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular survival mechanism, is initially induced in response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its cytoprotective nature became the spearhead of a number of clinical trials aimed to sensitize patients to chemotherapy. However, increased pre-clinical studies have exemplified the multifunctional role of autophagy. Additionally, compartmental localization of p53 can modulate induction or inhibition of autophagy and may play a role in autophagic function. The duality in p53 function and its effects on autophagic function are generally not considered in clinical trial design or clinical therapeutics; however, ample pre-clinical studies suggest they play a role in tumor responses to therapy and drug resistance. Further inquiry into the interconnection between autophagy and p53, and its effects on chemotherapeutic responses may provide beneficial insights on multidrug resistance and novel treatment regimens for chemosensitization.
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Dalal S, Petersen J, Jhala D. Liquid Biopsies in a Veteran Patient Population With Advanced Prostate and Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinomas: A New Paradigm and Unique Challenge in Personalized Medicine. Fed Pract 2020; 38:8-14. [PMID: 33574643 DOI: 10.12788/fp.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Liquid biopsy in solid tumors is a major milestone in the field of precision oncology by analyzing circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood and genomic alterations. DNA damage repair gene (DDR) mutations have been reported in 25 to 40% of prostatic cancers and > 50% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Tp53 mutation has been found to be associated with a poor prognosis and increased germline mutations. We herein present a quality assurance study for the utility of liquid biopsies with frequency of DDR, Tp53, and androgen receptor (AR) mutations and the clinical impact in advanced lung and prostate cancers in the veteran patient population; these quality assurance observations are the study endpoints. Methods We reviewed documentation from advanced cancer biomarker tests on liquid biopsies performed at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 2019 to April 15, 2020. Results Mutations were detected in 29 of 31 (93.5%) liquid biopsies, hence, 29 liquid biopsies had sufficient ctDNA for analysis. Notable mutations were found in 23 cases (79.3%), irrespective of the cancer type showed. Of 21 prostate cancers biopsies 4 (19.0%) biomarker test directed the targeted therapy to driver mutations of the AR gene. Gene mutations from the DDR gene family were detected in 8 of 23 (34.7%) advanced prostate and lung cancer liquid biopsies, and in 6 of 21 (28.5%) prostate cancer cases indicating poor outcome and possible resistance to the current therapy. Irrespective of the cancer type, 15 of 23 (65.2%) patients harbored Tp53 mutations, which is much more frequent than is documented in the literature. Of 31 patients, 15 (48.4%) were Vietnam era veterans with the potential of Agent Orange exposure and, 20 of 31 (64.5%) had a smoking history. Seven (46.6%) of the Vietnam era veterans with potential exposure to Agent Orange were positive for Tp53 mutations irrespective of the cancer type. Conclusion The minimally invasive liquid biopsy shows a great promise as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in the personalized clinical management of advanced prostate and NSCLC in veteran patient population with unique demographic characteristics. Difference in frequency of the genetic mutations (DDR, TP53, AR) in this cohort provides valuable information for disease progression, lack of response, mechanism of resistance to the implemented therapy and clinical decision making. Precision oncology can be further tailored for this cohort by focusing on DNA repair genes and Tp53 mutations in future for personalized targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari Dalal
- and are Staff Pathologists and is Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, all at Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sharvari Dalal is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jeffrey Petersen is Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Darshana Jhala is Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, all at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey Petersen
- and are Staff Pathologists and is Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, all at Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sharvari Dalal is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jeffrey Petersen is Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Darshana Jhala is Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, all at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Darshana Jhala
- and are Staff Pathologists and is Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, all at Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sharvari Dalal is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jeffrey Petersen is Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Darshana Jhala is Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, all at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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Xu S, Wang Y, Ren F, Li X, Ren D, Dong M, Chen G, Song Z, Chen J. Impact of genetic alterations on outcomes of patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer: An analysis of the cancer genome atlas data. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7686-7694. [PMID: 32857918 PMCID: PMC7571826 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic factors for early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are not well defined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of highly frequent mutations on the outcomes patients with early-stage NSCLC, particularly those with surgically resected stage I disease. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), and Pan-Lung Cancer (PLC) were accessed via cBioportal and searched to identify patients with stage I NSCLC. We identified candidate genes with a high (>10%) frequency of mutations and copy-number alterations and examined their effect on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The details of clinicopathologic features were analyzed with the Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U test and Cox regression analysis. Survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves, and differences were compared with the log-rank and chi-square test. RESULTS We identified 408 patients with stage I NSCLC from the PLC dataset. Of the 41 candidate genes with high-frequency mutation rates, six genes were significantly associated with OS: TP53, LPP, MAP3K13, FGF12, BCL6, and TP63. Further stratified analysis in PLC, LUAD, and LUSC datasets, we only identified that TP53 was significantly associated with OS in patients with surgically resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS TP53 mutations are potentially markers of poor prognosis for stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients. The mutation status of this gene may contribute to clinical decision-making with respect to selecting patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor MicroenvironmentLung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yanye Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor MicroenvironmentLung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor MicroenvironmentLung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiongfei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor MicroenvironmentLung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Dian Ren
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Zuoqing Song
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor MicroenvironmentLung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas from patients who progressed on EGFR-inhibitors show high engraftment rates in xenograft models. Lung Cancer 2020; 145:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hu D, Li S, Huang Z, Wu N, Lu X. Predicting postoperative non-small cell lung cancer prognosis via long short-term relational regularization. Artif Intell Med 2020; 107:101921. [PMID: 32828458 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Prognosis of lung cancer plays a crucial role in the clinical decision-making process to optimize the treatment for patients. Most of the existing data-driven prognostic prediction models explore the relations between patient's characteristics and outcomes at a specific time interval. Although valuable, they neglect the relations between long-term and short-term prognoses and thus may limit the prediction performance. METHODS In this study, we present a novel prognostic prediction approach for postoperative NSCLC patients. Specifically, we formulate the learning objective function by exploiting the relations between long-term and short-term prognoses via a long short-term relational regularization. The regularization term is composed of two parts, i.e., the similarities between prognoses measured by patients' outcomes and the L2 -norms between the corresponding prognoses' weight vectors. Based on this regularization, the proposed method can extract critical risk factors that comprehensively consider the long-term and short-term prognoses to facilitate the estimation of clinical risks. RESULTS We evaluate the proposed model on a clinical dataset containing 693 consecutive postoperative NSCLC patients with more than 5-year follow-up from 2006 to 2015. Our best models achieve 0.743, 0.709, and 0.746 AUCs for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival prediction, 0.696, 0.724, and 0.736 AUCs for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year recurrence prediction, respectively. The experimental results show the efficiency of our proposed model in improving the performances on 1-year prognostic prediction in comparison with benchmark models. By comparing with the model without the long short-term relational regularization, the proposed model extracts more consistent critical risk factors for both long-term and short-term prognoses and contains fewer unreasonable risk factors under the clinician's review. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the proposed model can effectively exploit the relations between long-term and short-term prognoses. And the risk factors recognized by the proposed model have the potentials for further prognostic prediction of postoperative non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Hu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhengxing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Xudong Lu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, China.
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Kong LR, Ong RW, Tan TZ, Mohamed Salleh NAB, Thangavelu M, Chan JV, Koh LYJ, Periyasamy G, Lau JA, Le TBU, Wang L, Lee M, Kannan S, Verma CS, Lim CM, Chng WJ, Lane DP, Venkitaraman A, Hung HT, Cheok CF, Goh BC. Targeting codon 158 p53-mutant cancers via the induction of p53 acetylation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2086. [PMID: 32350249 PMCID: PMC7190866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain of function (GOF) DNA binding domain (DBD) mutations of TP53 upregulate chromatin regulatory genes that promote genome-wide histone methylation and acetylation. Here, we therapeutically exploit the oncogenic GOF mechanisms of p53 codon 158 (Arg158) mutation, a DBD mutant found to be prevalent in lung carcinomas. Using high throughput compound screening and combination analyses, we uncover that acetylating mutp53R158G could render cancers susceptible to cisplatin-induced DNA stress. Acetylation of mutp53R158G alters DNA binding motifs and upregulates TRAIP, a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase which dephosphorylates IĸB and impedes nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), thus repressing oncogenic nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) signaling and inducing apoptosis. Given that this mechanism of cytotoxic vulnerability appears inapt in p53 wild-type (WT) or other hotspot GOF mutp53 cells, our work provides a therapeutic opportunity specific to Arg158-mutp53 tumors utilizing a regimen consisting of DNA-damaging agents and mutp53 acetylators, which is currently being pursued clinically. Codon 158 gain-of-function mutant p53 (158-mutp53) promotes tumourigenesis in lung cancer. Here, the authors show that 158-mutp53 render cancers sensitive to cisplatin and p53 acetylation agents through a mechanism where acetylated mutant p53 upregulates TRAIP and inhibits NF-ĸB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Richard Weijie Ong
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Matan Thangavelu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jane Vin Chan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Lie Yong Judice Koh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Giridharan Periyasamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jieying Amelia Lau
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Division of Surgical Oncology (Head and Neck Surgery), National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ashok Venkitaraman
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Huynh The Hung
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chit Fang Cheok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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Yuan K, Feng Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Wang W, Wang T, Feng Y, Huang G, Xu A. FGL2 is positively correlated with enhanced antitumor responses mediated by T cells in lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8654. [PMID: 32206449 PMCID: PMC7075367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, accounting for 25% of cancer-related deaths and 14% of new cancers worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pulmonary cancer. Although there have been some improvements in the traditional therapy of lung cancer, the outcome and prognosis of patients remain poor. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 1.8 million new cases being diagnosed each year. Precision medicine based on genetic alterations is considered a new strategy of lung cancer treatment that requires highly specific biomarkers for precision diagnosis and treatment. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) plays important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diagnostic value of FGL2 in lung cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression profile and potential functions of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma. We used the TCGA and Oncomine datasets to compare the FGL2 expression levels between lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. We utilized the GEPIA, PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases to analyze the relationship between FGL2 expression and the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Then, we investigated the potential roles of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma with the TIMER database and functional enrichment analyses. We found that FGL2 expression was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. A high expression level of FGL2 was correlated with better prognostic outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients, including overall survival and progression-free survival. FGL2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, including dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, in lung adenocarcinoma. Functional enrichment analyses also showed that a high expression level of FGL2 was positively correlated with enhanced T cell activities, especially CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we propose that high FGL2 expression, which is positively associated with enhanced antitumor activities mediated by T cells, is a beneficial marker for lung adenocarcinoma treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yanyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyin Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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36
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Kim D, Lee YS, Kim DH, Bae SC. Lung Cancer Staging and Associated Genetic and Epigenetic Events. Mol Cells 2020; 43:1-9. [PMID: 31999917 PMCID: PMC6999714 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in treating lung cancer is to establish the stage of the disease, which in turn determines the treatment options and prognosis of the patient. Many factors are involved in lung cancer staging, but all involve anatomical information. However, new approaches, mainly those based on the molecular biology of cancer, have recently changed the paradigm for lung cancer treatment and have not yet been incorporated into staging. In a group of patients of the same stage who receive the same treatment, some may experience unexpected recurrence or metastasis, largely because current staging methods do not reflect the findings of molecular biological studies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the latest research on lung cancer staging and the molecular events associated with carcinogenesis. We hope that this paper will serve as a bridge between clinicians and basic researchers and aid in our understanding of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
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TP53 co-mutations in EGFR mutated patients in NSCLC stage IV: A strong predictive factor of ORR, PFS and OS in EGFR mt+ NSCLC. Oncotarget 2020; 11:250-264. [PMID: 32076486 PMCID: PMC6980625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of TP53 co-mutations in EGFR mutated patients on PFS and OS is controversial. Different classifications of TP53 mutations with respect to functional and potential clinical impact have been published. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of TP53 co-mutations on ORR, PFS and OS in a cohort of EGFR mutated NSCLC IV patients (UICC 7) using different classifications of TP53 mutations. METHODS 75 EGFR mutated NSCLC IV patients homogeneously treated with 1st line EGFR TKI were analyzed for TP53 co-mutations. TP53 mutations were classified according to three different types of classifications. The endpoints ORR, PFS and OS were investigated. RESULTS TP53 co-mutations were found in 29/59 patients (49.2%). TP53 co-mutations were a statistically significant independent negative predictive factor for ORR, PFS and OS. TP53 co-mutations were associated with inferior mPFS and mOS: mPFS/mOS 12 vs. 18/24 vs. 42 months for non-disruptive/disruptive mutations vs. WT (p < 0.004)/(p < 0.009), 11 vs. 17/23 vs. 42 months for pathogenic vs. non-pathogenic/WT (p < 0.001)/(p < 0.001), and 7 vs. 12 vs. 18/12 vs. 28 vs. 42 months for exon 8 vs. non-exon 8 vs. WT (p < 0.001)/(p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS TP53 co-mutations are frequent in EGFR mt+ NSCLC and have a strong negative impact on all clinical endpoints of TKI therapy.
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Current Landscape of Epigenetics in Lung Cancer: Focus on the Mechanism and Application. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8107318. [PMID: 31889956 PMCID: PMC6930737 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tumorigenesis involves a multistep process resulting from the interactions of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies and sequencing studies have identified many epigenetic alterations associated with the development of lung cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are heritable and reversible modifications that are involved in some important biological processes and affect cancer hallmarks. We summarize the major epigenetic modifications in lung cancer, focusing on DNA methylation and ncRNAs, their roles in tumorigenesis, and their effects on key signaling pathways. In addition, we describe the clinical application of epigenetic biomarkers in the early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and oncotherapy of lung cancer. Understanding the epigenetic regulation mechanism of lung cancer can provide a new explanation for tumorigenesis and a new target for the precise treatment of lung cancer.
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39
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Kron A, Alidousty C, Scheffler M, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Seidel D, Riedel R, Ihle MA, Michels S, Nogova L, Fassunke J, Heydt C, Kron F, Ueckeroth F, Serke M, Krüger S, Grohe C, Koschel D, Benedikter J, Kaminsky B, Schaaf B, Braess J, Sebastian M, Kambartel KO, Thomas R, Zander T, Schultheis AM, Büttner R, Wolf J. Impact of TP53 mutation status on systemic treatment outcome in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:2068-2075. [PMID: 30165392 PMCID: PMC6225899 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We analyzed whether co-occurring mutations influence the outcome of systemic therapy in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods ALK-rearranged stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients were analyzed with next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses on a centralized diagnostic platform. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined in the total cohort and in treatment-related sub-cohorts. Cox regression analyses were carried out to exclude confounders. Results Among 216 patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC, the frequency of pathogenic TP53 mutations was 23.8%, while other co-occurring mutations were rare events. In ALK/TP53 co-mutated patients, median PFS and OS were significantly lower compared with TP53 wildtype patients [PFS 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.4–5.6) versus 10.3 months (95% CI: 8.6–12.0), P < 0.001; OS 15.0 months (95% CI: 5.0–24.9) versus 50.0 months (95% CI: 22.9–77.1), P = 0.002]. This difference was confirmed in all treatment-related subgroups including chemotherapy only [PFS first-line chemotherapy 2.6 months (95% CI: 1.3–4.1) versus 6.2 months (95% CI: 1.8–10.5), P = 0.021; OS 2.0 months (95% CI: 0.0–4.6) versus 9.0 months (95% CI: 6.1–11.9), P = 0.035], crizotinib plus chemotherapy [PFS crizotinib 5.0 months (95% CI: 2.9–7.2) versus 14.0 months (95% CI: 8.0–20.1), P < 0.001; OS 17.0 months (95% CI: 6.7–27.3) versus not reached, P = 0.049] and crizotinib followed by next-generation ALK-inhibitor [PFS next-generation inhibitor 5.4 months (95% CI: 0.1–10.7) versus 9.9 months (95% CI: 6.4–13.5), P = 0.039; OS 7.0 months versus 50.0 months (95% CI: not reached), P = 0.001). Conclusions In ALK-rearranged NSCLC co-occurring TP53 mutations predict an unfavorable outcome of systemic therapy. Our observations encourage future research to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and to improve treatment outcome of the ALK/TP53 co-mutated subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kron
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Alidousty
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Scheffler
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Merkelbach-Bruse
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Seidel
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Riedel
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - M A Ihle
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Michels
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Nogova
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Fassunke
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Heydt
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Kron
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Ueckeroth
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Serke
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Lungenklinik Hemer des Deutschen Gemeinschafts-Diakonieverbandes GmbH, Hemer, Germany
| | - S Krüger
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Grohe
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin (Paul Gerhardt Diakonie), Berlin, Germany
| | - D Koschel
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Fachkrankenhaus Coswig, Coswig, Germany
| | - J Benedikter
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - B Kaminsky
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Krankenhaus Bethanien, Solingen, Germany
| | - B Schaaf
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Center, Klinikum Dortmund GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Braess
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brueder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Sebastian
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Frankfurt (Johannes-Wolfgang Goethe Institute), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K-O Kambartel
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Bethanien Hospital Moers-Lungenzentrum, Moers, Germany
| | - R Thomas
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Zander
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - A M Schultheis
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Büttner
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Wolf
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany.
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Mutated p53 Promotes the Symmetric Self-Renewal of Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Inhibits the Recruitment of Macrophages. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7478538. [PMID: 31781681 PMCID: PMC6875234 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7478538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that mutant p53 is correlated with the recurrence of lung cancer. Recently, a small population of cells with asymmetric or symmetric self-renewal potential has been identified in lung cancer, which was termed as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and was speculated to be the reason for cancer recurrence after chemotherapy. In this study, we used lung cancer cell lines with different TP53 backgrounds to elucidate the potential role of mutant p53 in regulating lung CSC self-renewal and on lung cancer recurrence. Cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells with different TP53 backgrounds were generated in vitro by exposing A549, H460, and H661 lung cancer cell lines repeatedly to cisplatin. CD44+/CD90+ stem-like cells were identified in above cisplatin-resistant lung cancers (termed as cisplatin-resistant lung cancer stem-like cells, (Cr-LCSCs)) and stained with PKH26 dye which was used to define the self-renewal pattern. The proportion of symmetric divisions was significantly higher in Cr-LCSCs with mutant (mt) p53 compared with Cr-LCSCs with wild-type (wt) p53, and forced expression of mt p53 promoted the symmetric division of Cr-LCSCs. Furthermore, fewer macrophages accumulated in subcutaneously implanted xenografts consisting of mt p53 Cr-LCSCs compared with wt p53 Cr-LCSCs. These results indicated that mt p53 might accelerate the recurrence of lung cancer by regulating the self-renewal kinetics of Cr-LCSCs as well as the recruitment of macrophages.
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Genome-Wide Small RNA Sequencing Identifies MicroRNAs Deregulated in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Harboring Gain-of-Function Mutant p53. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110852. [PMID: 31661871 PMCID: PMC6895929 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 gene are one of the most frequent events in cancers. Certain missense mutant p53 proteins gain oncogenic functions (gain-of-functions) and drive tumorigenesis. Apart from the coding genes, a few non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in mediating mutant p53-driven cancer phenotypes. Here, we identified miRNAs in mutant p53R273H bearing non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells while using small RNA deep sequencing. Differentially regulated miRNAs were validated in the TCGA lung adenocarcinoma patients with p53 mutations and, subsequently, we identified specific miRNA signatures that are associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival of the patients. Pathway analyses with integrated miRNA-mRNA expressions further revealed potential regulatory molecular networks in mutant p53 cancer cells. A possible contribution of putative mutant p53-regulated miRNAs in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is also predicted. Most importantly, we identified a novel miRNA from the unmapped sequencing reads through a systematic computational approach. The newly identified miRNA promotes proliferation, colony-forming ability, and migration of NSCLC cells. Overall, the present study provides an altered miRNA expression profile that might be useful in biomarker discovery for non-small cell lung cancers with TP53 mutations and discovers a hitherto unknown miRNA with oncogenic potential.
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Pucci C, Martinelli C, Ciofani G. Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: current perspectives and new challenges. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:961. [PMID: 31537986 PMCID: PMC6753017 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, cancer is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide and, even though much progress has been achieved in medicine, there are still many issues that must be addressed in order to improve cancer therapy. For this reason, oncological research is putting a lot of effort towards finding new and efficient therapies which can alleviate critical side effects caused by conventional treatments. Different technologies are currently under evaluation in clinical trials or have been already introduced into clinical practice. While nanomedicine is contributing to the development of biocompatible materials both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, bioengineering of extracellular vesicles and cells derived from patients has allowed designing ad hoc systems and univocal targeting strategies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth analysis of the most innovative advances in basic and applied cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pucci
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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43
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Liu Y, Xu F, Wang Y, Wu Q, Wang B, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Han-Zhang H, Ye J, Zhang L, Mao X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zhu L, Guo R. Mutations in exon 8 of TP53 are associated with shorter survival in patients with advanced lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3159-3169. [PMID: 31452792 PMCID: PMC6676404 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, in clinical settings, all TP53 mutations have been considered equally. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that the position and type of mutation have differential effects on prognosis. Such discrepancy can be partially due to the lack of unifying classification system for TP53 mutations. In the present study, two of the most frequently used systems were compared, according to the location of the mutation or its functional effects on p53 protein and the impact of TP53 mutations on the overall survival (OS) time of 379 Chinese patients with advanced lung cancer was analyzed. Capture-based ultra-deep targeted sequencing on plasma samples of 379 patients with advanced lung cancer was performed. The present results suggested that mutations occurring in exon 8 may be associated with shorter OS in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naïve patients (P=0.013) and in patients previously treated with one line of treatment (P=0.032). The results of the present study provided solid evidence that not all TP53 mutations were associated with a similar prognosis. Mutations in exon 8 were found in a subgroup of patients with unfavorable prognosis across various treatment histories. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to compare different TP53 mutation classification systems in a large cohort of patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Center and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Buhai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Han Han-Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Ye
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, P.R. China
| | - Xinru Mao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, P.R. China
| | - Liangjun Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Bange E, Marmarelis ME, Hwang WT, Yang YX, Thompson JC, Rosenbaum J, Bauml JM, Ciunci C, Alley EW, Cohen RB, Langer CJ, Carpenter E, Aggarwal C. Impact of KRAS and TP53 Co-Mutations on Outcomes After First-Line Systemic Therapy Among Patients With STK11-Mutated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3. [PMID: 31428721 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The STK11 gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and STK11 mutations often have other co-mutations. We evaluated the impact of KRAS and TP53 co-mutations on outcomes after first-line systemic therapy for patients with metastatic or recurrent NSCLC that harbors STK11 mutations. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients with metastatic NSCLC and STK11 mutations treated at the University of Pennsylvania. STK11 mutations were identified through next-generation sequencing (NGS) in tissue or plasma. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the relationship between STK11 co-mutations and survival outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS From February 2013 to December 2016, samples from 1,385 patients with NSCLC were analyzed by NGS; of these, 77 patients (6%) harbored an STK11 mutation (n = 56, tissue; n = 21, plasma). Of the 62 patients included, 18 had an STK11 mutation alone, 19 had STK11/KRAS, 18 had STK11/TP53, and seven had STK11/KRAS/TP53. Patients with STK11/KRAS co-mutations had a worse median PFS (2.4 months) compared with STK11 alone (5.1 months; log-rank P = .048), STK11/TP53 (4.3 months; log-rank P = .043), and STK11/KRAS/ TP53 (13 months; log-rank P = .03). Patients with STK11/KRAS co-mutation experienced shorter median OS (7.1 months) compared with STK11 alone (16.1 months; log-rank P < .001), STK11/TP53 (28.3 months; log-rank P < .001), and STK11/KRAS/TP53 (22 months; log-rank P = .025). CONCLUSION Among patients with advanced NSCLC and STK11 mutations treated with first-line systemic therapy, co-mutation with KRAS was associated with significantly worse PFS and OS. By contrast, co-mutation of STK11 with TP53 conferred a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bange
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Association between TP53 rs1042522 gene polymorphism and the risk of malignant bone tumors: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181832. [PMID: 30833364 PMCID: PMC6422898 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene which is essential for regulating cell division and preventing tumor formation. Several studies have assessed the associations of TP53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with susceptibility of malignant bone tumors, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, but the results are inconsistent. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to elucidate the associations of TP53 rs1042522 genetic polymorphism with the risk of osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma. We systematically searched Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Eligible studies assessing the polymorphisms in the TP53 rs1042522 gene and risk of malignant bone tumors were incorporated. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess these possible associations. Five studies with a total of 567 cases and 935 controls were finally included the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of TP53 rs1042522 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of malignant bone tumors (G versus C: OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50, P=0.005; GG versus GC/CC: OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.21–2.00, P=0.001). Moreover, in a stratified analysis, a statistically significant correlation between this SNP and osteosarcoma risk was also observed. Our results suggest that there are significant associations of TP53 rs1042522 polymorphism with malignant bone tumors risk. More studies based on larger sample sizes and homogeneous samples are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Zhang R, Tian P, Chen B, Wang T, Li W. The prognostic impact of TP53 comutation in EGFR mutant lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med 2019; 131:199-206. [PMID: 30798634 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1585690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of TP53 commutation in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancer is controversial and we therefore conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was carried out in Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase up to 19 April 2018. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), the relative risk (RR) of objective response rate (ORR) were calculated. Results Overall, a total of eight studies comprising 2979 patients were included. When generally comparing TP53 mutation group with TP53 wild-type group, we confirmed the prognostic value of poor OS of TP53 in EGFR mutant lung cancers (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.22-2.44, P = 0.002). In subgroup analysis of OS, the prognostic value was maintained in patients treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) but not in those treated with non-targeted therapy (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.39-3.76, P = 0.001), and was also maintained in patients with advanced-stage lung cancers rather than those of all stages (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.11-3.61, P = 0.021). For patients treated with EGFR TKIs, TP53 commutation was predictive of a poor PFS (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.42-3.36, P < 0.001) but the prognostic value on ORR was not observed (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.92-1.44, P = 0.212). Additional subgroup analysis based on TP53 mutation subtypes was not pooled due to limited data. Conclusion Generally we confirmed the prognostic value of poor OS and PFS of TP53 commutation in EGFR mutant lung cancers, and it should be further investigated and validated regarding the prognostic role of TP53 mutation subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Panwen Tian
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China.,b Lung Cancer Treatment Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Bojiang Chen
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Tao Wang
- c Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China
| | - Weimin Li
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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Song P, Zhang F, Li Y, Yang G, Li W, Ying J, Gao S. Concomitant TP53 mutations with response to crizotinib treatment in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1551-1557. [PMID: 30843662 PMCID: PMC6488212 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 mutations are the most prevalent mutations detected in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have been revealed as a negative prognostic biomarker of outcome. The impact of concomitant TP53 mutations in ALK‐rearranged NSCLC remains uncertain. Methods Tumor samples from 64 ALK‐rearranged NSCLC patients receiving crizotinib treatment were subjected to next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to identify TP53 mutational status. The clinicopathologic features of the TP53 mutations and its impact on the effect of crizotinib treatment were analyzed. Results Among the 64 ALK‐rearranged patients, 15 (23.4%) patients showed a TP53 mutation. Of these, six cases had disruptive mutations and nine with nondisruptive mutations. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for TP53 mutated patients were both significantly lower compared with those for TP53 wild‐type patients (p = 0.003 and 0.023, respectively). A significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) was found in TP53 mutated patients compared with TP53 wild‐type patients (p = 0.045). Nondisruptive TP53 mutations were associated with a shorter PFS in comparison with disruptive TP53 mutations in ALK‐rearranged patients (p = 0.069). When nondisruptive TP53 mutated patients were in comparison with TP53 wild‐type patients, nondisruptive TP53 mutations were associated with a significant reduced PFS (p = 0.003). Conclusions TP53 mutations, especially nondisruptive mutations, negatively affected the response to crizotinib and correlated with shorter PFS in ALK‐rearranged NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fanshuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Malik P, Mukherjee TK. Recent advances in gold and silver nanoparticle based therapies for lung and breast cancers. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:483-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hosny A, Parmar C, Coroller TP, Grossmann P, Zeleznik R, Kumar A, Bussink J, Gillies RJ, Mak RH, Aerts HJWL. Deep learning for lung cancer prognostication: A retrospective multi-cohort radiomics study. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002711. [PMID: 30500819 PMCID: PMC6269088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often demonstrate varying clinical courses and outcomes, even within the same tumor stage. This study explores deep learning applications in medical imaging allowing for the automated quantification of radiographic characteristics and potentially improving patient stratification. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed an integrative analysis on 7 independent datasets across 5 institutions totaling 1,194 NSCLC patients (age median = 68.3 years [range 32.5-93.3], survival median = 1.7 years [range 0.0-11.7]). Using external validation in computed tomography (CT) data, we identified prognostic signatures using a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for patients treated with radiotherapy (n = 771, age median = 68.0 years [range 32.5-93.3], survival median = 1.3 years [range 0.0-11.7]). We then employed a transfer learning approach to achieve the same for surgery patients (n = 391, age median = 69.1 years [range 37.2-88.0], survival median = 3.1 years [range 0.0-8.8]). We found that the CNN predictions were significantly associated with 2-year overall survival from the start of respective treatment for radiotherapy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.70 [95% CI 0.63-0.78], p < 0.001) and surgery (AUC = 0.71 [95% CI 0.60-0.82], p < 0.001) patients. The CNN was also able to significantly stratify patients into low and high mortality risk groups in both the radiotherapy (p < 0.001) and surgery (p = 0.03) datasets. Additionally, the CNN was found to significantly outperform random forest models built on clinical parameters-including age, sex, and tumor node metastasis stage-as well as demonstrate high robustness against test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91) and inter-reader (Spearman's rank-order correlation = 0.88) variations. To gain a better understanding of the characteristics captured by the CNN, we identified regions with the most contribution towards predictions and highlighted the importance of tumor-surrounding tissue in patient stratification. We also present preliminary findings on the biological basis of the captured phenotypes as being linked to cell cycle and transcriptional processes. Limitations include the retrospective nature of this study as well as the opaque black box nature of deep learning networks. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that deep learning networks may be used for mortality risk stratification based on standard-of-care CT images from NSCLC patients. This evidence motivates future research into better deciphering the clinical and biological basis of deep learning networks as well as validation in prospective data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hosny
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chintan Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thibaud P. Coroller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick Grossmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roman Zeleznik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Raymond H. Mak
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Roointan A, Ahmad Mir T, Ibrahim Wani S, Mati-Ur-Rehman, Hussain KK, Ahmed B, Abrahim S, Savardashtaki A, Gandomani G, Gandomani M, Chinnappan R, Akhtar MH. Early detection of lung cancer biomarkers through biosensor technology: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:93-103. [PMID: 30366148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is undoubtedly one of the most serious health issues of the 21 st century. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide, accounting for about 1.5 million deaths annually. Despite advances in the treatment of lung cancer with new pharmaceutical products and technological improvements, morbidity and mortality rates remains a significant challenge for the cancer biologists and oncologists. The vast majority of lung cancer patients present with advanced-stage of pathological process that ultimately leads to poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 20%. Early and accurate screening and analysis using cost-effective means are urgently needed to effectively diagnose the disease, improve the survival rate or to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with lung cancer patients. Thus, the only hope for early recognition of risk factors and timely diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is biosensors technology. Novel biosensing based diagnostics approaches for predicting metastatic risks are likely to have significant therapeutic and clinical impact in the near future. This article systematically provides a brief overview of various biosensing platforms for identification of lung cancer disease biomarkers, with a specific focus on recent advancements in electrochemical and optical biosensors, analytical performances of different biosensors, challenges and further research opportunities for routine clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Roointan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- Division of Biomedical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia; Toyama Nanotechnology Manufacturing Cluster, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Shadil Ibrahim Wani
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine,Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Mati-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate school of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Khalil Khadim Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea; Department of pharmacy, University of central Punjab 1-Khayaban-e-Jinnah, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Intellectual Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shugufta Abrahim
- Department of Intellectual Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ghazaal Gandomani
- Department of Bioengineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Molood Gandomani
- Department of pharmacy, University of central Punjab 1-Khayaban-e-Jinnah, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raja Chinnappan
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood H Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
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