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Sartor H, Sturesdotter L, Larsson AM, Rosendahl AH, Zackrisson S. Mammographic features differ with body composition in women with breast cancer. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10937-8. [PMID: 38992111 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are several breast cancer (BC) risk factors-many related to body composition, hormonal status, and fertility patterns. However, it is not known if risk factors in healthy women are associated with specific mammographic features at the time of BC diagnosis. Our aim was to assess the potential association between pre-diagnostic body composition and mammographic features in the diagnostic BC image. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer Study includes women with invasive BC from 1991 to 2014 (n = 1116). BC risk factors at baseline were registered (anthropometric measures, menopausal status, and parity) along with mammography data from BC diagnosis (breast density, mammographic tumor appearance, and mode of detection). We investigated associations between anthropometric measures and mammographic features via logistic regression analyses, yielding odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS There was an association between high body mass index (BMI) (≥ 30) at baseline and spiculated tumor appearance (OR 1.370 (95% CI: 0.941-2.010)), primarily in women with clinically detected cancers (OR 2.240 (95% CI: 1.280-3.940)), and in postmenopausal women (OR 1.580 (95% CI: 1.030-2.440)). Furthermore, an inverse association between high BMI (≥ 30) and high breast density (OR 0.270 (95% CI: 0.166-0.438)) was found. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an association between obesity and a spiculated mass on mammography-especially in women with clinically detected cancers and in postmenopausal women. These findings offer insights on the relationship between risk factors in healthy women and related mammographic features in subsequent BC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT With increasing numbers of both BC incidence and women with obesity, it is important to highlight mammographic findings in women with an unhealthy weight. KEY POINTS Women with obesity and BC may present with certain mammographic features. Spiculated masses were more common in women with obesity, especially postmenopausal women, and those with clinically detected BCs. Insights on the relationship between obesity and related mammographic features will aid mammographic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sartor
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Li Sturesdotter
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Larsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann H Rosendahl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophia Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Gard CC, Tice JA, Miglioretti DL, Sprague BL, Bissell MC, Henderson LM, Kerlikowske K. Extending the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Model of Invasive Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:779-789. [PMID: 37976443 PMCID: PMC10906584 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We extended the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) version 2 (v2) model of invasive breast cancer risk to include BMI, extended family history of breast cancer, and age at first live birth (version 3 [v3]) to better inform appropriate breast cancer prevention therapies and risk-based screening. METHODS We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the age- and race- and ethnicity-specific relative hazards for family history of breast cancer, breast density, history of benign breast biopsy, BMI, and age at first live birth for invasive breast cancer in the BCSC cohort. We evaluated calibration using the ratio of expected-to-observed (E/O) invasive breast cancers in the cohort and discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS We analyzed data from 1,455,493 women age 35-79 years without a history of breast cancer. During a mean follow-up of 7.3 years, 30,266 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The BCSC v3 model had an E/O of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) and an AUROC of 0.646 for 5-year risk. Compared with the v2 model, discrimination of the v3 model improved most in Asian, White, and Black women. Among women with a BMI of 30.0-34.9 kg/m2, the true-positive rate in women with an estimated 5-year risk of 3% or higher increased from 10.0% (v2) to 19.8% (v3) and the improvement was greater among women with a BMI of ≥35 kg/m2 (7.6%-19.8%). CONCLUSION The BCSC v3 model updates an already well-calibrated and validated breast cancer risk assessment tool to include additional important risk factors. The inclusion of BMI was associated with the largest improvement in estimated risk for individual women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C. Gard
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Jeffrey A. Tice
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian L. Sprague
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | - Karla Kerlikowske
- General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veteran Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Kerlikowske K, Chen S, Bissell MCS, Lee CI, Tice JA, Sprague BL, Miglioretti DL. Population Attributable Risk of Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer by Race and Ethnicity. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:167-175. [PMID: 38060241 PMCID: PMC10704341 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Importance Advanced-stage breast cancer rates vary by race and ethnicity, with Black women having a 2-fold higher rate than White women among regular screeners. Clinical risk factors that explain a large proportion of advanced breast cancers by race and ethnicity are unknown. Objective To evaluate the population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) for advanced-stage breast cancer (prognostic pathologic stage IIA or higher) associated with clinical risk factors among routinely screened premenopausal and postmenopausal women by race and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data collected prospectively from Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium community-based breast imaging facilities from January 2005 to June 2018. Participants were women aged 40 to 74 years undergoing 3 331 740 annual (prior screening within 11-18 months) or biennial (prior screening within 19-30 months) screening mammograms associated with 1815 advanced breast cancers diagnosed within 2 years of screening examinations. Data analysis was performed from September 2022 to August 2023. Exposures Heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts, first-degree family history of breast cancer, overweight/obesity (body mass index >25.0), history of benign breast biopsy, and screening interval (biennial vs annual) stratified by menopausal status and race and ethnicity (Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, White, other/multiracial). Main Outcomes and Measures PARPs for advanced breast cancer. Results Among 904 615 women, median (IQR) age was 57 (50-64) years. Of the 3 331 740 annual or biennial screening mammograms, 10.8% were for Asian or Pacific Islander women; 9.5% were for Black women; 5.3% were for Hispanic/Latinx women; 72.0% were for White women; and 2.0% were for women of other races and ethnicities, including those who were Alaska Native, American Indian, 2 or more reported races, or other. Body mass index PARPs were larger for postmenopausal vs premenopausal women (30% vs 22%) and highest for postmenopausal Black (38.6%; 95% CI, 32.0%-44.8%) and Hispanic/Latinx women (31.8%; 95% CI, 25.3%-38.0%) and premenopausal Black women (30.3%; 95% CI, 17.7%-42.0%), with overall prevalence of having overweight/obesity highest in premenopausal Black (84.4%) and postmenopausal Black (85.1%) and Hispanic/Latinx women (72.4%). Breast density PARPs were larger for premenopausal vs postmenopausal women (37% vs 24%, respectively) and highest among premenopausal Asian or Pacific Islander (46.6%; 95% CI, 37.9%-54.4%) and White women (39.8%; 95% CI, 31.7%-47.3%) whose prevalence of dense breasts was high (62%-79%). For premenopausal and postmenopausal women, PARPs were small for family history of breast cancer (5%-8%), history of breast biopsy (7%-12%), and screening interval (2.1%-2.3%). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study among routinely screened women, the proportion of advanced breast cancers attributed to biennial vs annual screening was small. To reduce the number of advanced breast cancer diagnoses, primary prevention should focus on interventions that shift patients with overweight and obesity to normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Kerlikowske
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
- PicnicHealth, San Francisco, California
| | - Christoph I. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle
| | - Jeffrey A. Tice
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Brian L. Sprague
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle
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Nyante SJ, Abraham L, Bowles EJA, Lee CI, Kerlikowske K, Miglioretti DL, Sprague BL, Henderson LM. Racial and Ethnic Variation in Diagnostic Mammography Performance among Women Reporting a Breast Lump. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1542-1551. [PMID: 37440458 PMCID: PMC10790330 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated diagnostic mammography among women with a breast lump to determine whether performance varied across racial and ethnic groups. METHODS This study included 51,014 diagnostic mammograms performed between 2005 and 2018 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium among Asian/Pacific Islander (12%), Black (7%), Hispanic/Latina (6%), and White (75%) women reporting a lump. Breast cancers occurring within 1 year were ascertained from cancer registry linkages. Multivariable regression was used to adjust performance statistic comparisons for breast cancer risk factors, mammogram modality, demographics, additional imaging, and imaging facility. RESULTS Cancer detection rates were highest among Asian/Pacific Islander [per 1,000 exams, 84.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 72.0-98.2)] and Black women [81.4 (95% CI: 69.4-95.2)] and lowest among Hispanic/Latina women [42.9 (95% CI: 34.2-53.6)]. Positive predictive values (PPV) were higher among Black [37.0% (95% CI: 31.2-43.3)] and White [37.0% (95% CI: 30.0-44.6)] women and lowest among Hispanic/Latina women [22.0% (95% CI: 17.2-27.7)]. False-positive results were most common among Asian/Pacific Islander women [per 1,000 exams, 183.9 (95% CI: 126.7-259.2)] and lowest among White women [112.4 (95% CI: 86.1-145.5)]. After adjustment, false-positive and cancer detection rates remained higher for Asian/Pacific Islander and Black women (vs. Hispanic/Latina and White). Adjusted PPV was highest among Asian/Pacific Islander women. CONCLUSIONS Among women with a lump, Asian/Pacific Islander and Black women were more likely to have cancer detected and more likely to receive a false-positive result compared with White and Hispanic/Latina women. IMPACT Strategies for optimizing diagnostic mammography among women with a lump may vary by racial/ethnic group, but additional factors that influence performance differences need to be identified. See related In the Spotlight, p. 1479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Nyante
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Linn Abraham
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin J. Aiello Bowles
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christoph I. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine; Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Brian L. Sprague
- Department of Surgery and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Louise M. Henderson
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Kerlikowske K, Bissell MCS, Sprague BL, Tice JA, Tossas KY, Bowles EJA, Ho TQH, Keegan THM, Miglioretti DL. Impact of BMI on Prevalence of Dense Breasts by Race and Ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1524-1530. [PMID: 37284771 PMCID: PMC10701641 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Density notification laws require notifying women of dense breasts with dense breast prevalence varying by race/ethnicity. We evaluated whether differences in body mass index (BMI) account for differences in dense breasts prevalence by race/ethnicity. METHODS Prevalence of dense breasts (heterogeneously or extremely dense) according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) were estimated from 2,667,207 mammography examinations among 866,033 women in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) from January 2005 through April 2021. Prevalence ratios (PR) for dense breasts relative to overall prevalence by race/ethnicity were estimated by standardizing race/ethnicity prevalence in the BCSC to the 2020 U.S. population, and adjusting for age, menopausal status, and BMI using logistic regression. RESULTS Dense breasts were most prevalent among Asian women (66.0%) followed by non-Hispanic/Latina (NH) White (45.5%), Hispanic/Latina (45.3%), and NH Black (37.0%) women. Obesity was most prevalent in Black women (58.4%) followed by Hispanic/Latina (39.3%), NH White (30.6%), and Asian (8.5%) women. The adjusted prevalence of dense breasts was 19% higher [PR = 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.20] in Asian women, 8% higher (PR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.08) in Black women, the same in Hispanic/Latina women (PR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01), and 4% lower (PR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.96-0.97) in NH White women relative to the overall prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Clinically important differences in breast density prevalence are present across racial/ethnic groups after accounting for age, menopausal status, and BMI. IMPACT If breast density is the sole criterion used to notify women of dense breasts and discuss supplemental screening it may result in implementing inequitable screening strategies across racial/ethnic groups. See related In the Spotlight, p. 1479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Kerlikowske
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian L. Sprague
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Office of Health Promotion Research, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Tice
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Y. Tossas
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Erin J. A. Bowles
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thao-Quyen H. Ho
- Department of Training and Scientific Research, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
- Breast Imaging Unit, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Theresa H. M. Keegan
- Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT) and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Berishvili AI, Kedrova AG, Greyan TA, Zaitseva OV. Obesity and breast cancer. TUMORS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-3-40-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the latest literature data on the problem of obesity and breast cancer (BC). This review presents modern approaches to the diagnosis of BC in obese patients, new molecular methods of breast imaging, analyzes the features of the course of BC with obesity depending on menstrual status, molecular biological subtypes of the tumor, the mechanisms of the development of BC against the background of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Berishvili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Biomedical Agency; Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
| | - A. G. Kedrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Biomedical Agency; Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation; Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E. N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. A. Greyan
- Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
| | - O. V. Zaitseva
- Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
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Zhang Z, Curran G, Shannon J, Velie EM, Irvin VL, Manson JE, Simon MS, Altinok Dindar D, Pyle C, Schedin P, Tabung FK. Body Mass Index Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Postmenopausal Interval Breast Cancer: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3228. [PMID: 35804998 PMCID: PMC9264843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interval breast cancer refers to cancer diagnosed after a negative screening mammogram and before the next scheduled screening mammogram. Interval breast cancer has worse prognosis than screening-detected cancer. Body mass index (BMI) influences the accuracy of mammography and overall postmenopausal breast cancer risk, yet how is obesity associated with postmenopausal interval breast cancer incidence is unclear. The current study included cancer-free postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative who were diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up. Analyses include 324 interval breast cancer cases diagnosed within one year after the participant's last negative screening mammogram and 1969 screening-detected breast cancer patients. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was measured at baseline. Associations between obesity and incidence of interval cancer were determined by sequential logistic regression analyses. In multivariable-adjusted models, obesity was inversely associated with interval breast cancer risk [OR (95% CI) = 0.65 (0.46, 0.92)]. The inverse association persisted after excluding women diagnosed within 2 years [OR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.42, 0.87)] or 4 years [OR (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.37, 0.86)] of enrollment, suggesting consistency of the association regardless of screening practices prior to trial entry. These findings warrant confirmation in studies with body composition measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.C.); (D.A.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Grace Curran
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.C.); (D.A.D.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.C.); (D.A.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Ellen M. Velie
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Veronica L. Irvin
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA;
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S. Simon
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Duygu Altinok Dindar
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.C.); (D.A.D.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chelsea Pyle
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (G.C.); (D.A.D.); (P.S.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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Kerlikowske K, Chen S, Golmakani MK, Sprague BL, Tice JA, Tosteson ANA, Rauscher GH, Henderson LM, Buist DSM, Lee JM, Gard CC, Miglioretti DL. Cumulative Advanced Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model Developed in a Screening Mammography Population. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:676-685. [PMID: 35026019 PMCID: PMC9086807 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating advanced breast cancer risk in women undergoing annual or biennial mammography could identify women who may benefit from less or more intensive screening. We developed an actionable model to predict cumulative 6-year advanced cancer (prognostic pathologic stage II or higher) risk according to screening interval. METHODS We included 931 186 women aged 40-74 years in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium undergoing 2 542 382 annual (prior mammogram within 11-18 months) or 752 049 biennial (prior within 19-30 months) screening mammograms. The prediction model includes age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, breast density, family history of breast cancer, and prior breast biopsy subdivided by menopausal status and screening interval. We used fivefold cross-validation to internally validate model performance. We defined higher than 95th percentile as high risk (>0.658%), higher than 75th percentile to 95th or less percentile as intermediate risk (0.380%-0.658%), and 75th or less percentile as low to average risk (<0.380%). RESULTS Obesity, high breast density, and proliferative disease with atypia were strongly associated with advanced cancer. The model is well calibrated and has an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.682 (95% confidence interval = 0.670 to 0.694). Based on women's predicted advanced cancer risk under annual and biennial screening, 69.1% had low or average risk regardless of screening interval, 12.4% intermediate risk with biennial screening and average risk with annual screening, and 17.4% intermediate or high risk regardless of screening interval. CONCLUSION Most women have low or average advanced cancer risk and can undergo biennial screening. Intermediate-risk women may consider annual screening, and high-risk women may consider supplemental imaging in addition to annual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Kerlikowske
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian L Sprague
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Tice
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna N A Tosteson
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Garth H Rauscher
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louise M Henderson
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diana S M Buist
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janie M Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charlotte C Gard
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Diana L Miglioretti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Alshamsan B, Suleman K, Agha N, Abdelgawad MI, Alzahrani MJ, Elhassan T, Al-Tweigeri T, Ajarim D, Alsayed A. Association Between Obesity and Clinicopathological Profile of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:373-384. [PMID: 35309953 PMCID: PMC8926012 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s343558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is prevalent in Saudi Arabia and is associated with adverse clinical features and poor breast cancer (BC) outcomes. We determined the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and evaluated its association with disease characteristics and outcomes in women with non-metastatic BC. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients treated for non-metastatic BC between 2002 and 2014. Patients were categorized into the following groups: underweight/normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Regression analysis was used to evaluate clinicopathological factors associated with BMI and clinical stage. Results A total of 2212 patients were enrolled. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39–52 years), and the median BMI was 30 kg/m2 (IQR, 26–34 kg/m2). Most patients were premenopausal (63.6%), nearly half of the patients had stage III disease, and 11.2% were screen-detected. The prevalence of obesity was 53.4%, with a significant difference between the peri/premenopausal (49.4%) and postmenopausal (61.7%) groups (p < 0.001). Obese patients were more likely to be aged >40 years, be postmenopausal, have a history of oral contraceptive pills, have advanced-stage disease, and have undergone radiation therapy, and were less likely to have human epithelial growth factor 2 (HER2)+ disease than non-obese patients. Premenopausal obese women had fewer hormone receptor-positive and more triple-negative cancers than postmenopausal obese women did. Obesity, non-screening-detected BC, and HER+ status were independent prognostic factors for advanced-stage presentation. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and its significant association with advanced BC justify the upscaling of screening services and instituting weight-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshamsan
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kausar Suleman
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naela Agha
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Marwa I Abdelgawad
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mashari J Alzahrani
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada
| | - Tusneem Elhassan
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adher Alsayed
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Mazumdar A, Jain S, Jain S, Bose SM. Management of Early Breast Cancer – Surgical Aspects. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4546-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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McCarthy AM, Liu Y, Ehsan S, Guan Z, Liang J, Huang T, Hughes K, Semine A, Kontos D, Conant E, Lehman C, Armstrong K, Braun D, Parmigiani G, Chen J. Validation of Breast Cancer Risk Models by Race/Ethnicity, Family History and Molecular Subtypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:45. [PMID: 35008209 PMCID: PMC8750569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of four breast cancer risk prediction models by race, molecular subtype, family history of breast cancer, age, and BMI. (2) Methods: Using a cohort of women aged 40-84 without prior history of breast cancer who underwent screening mammography from 2006 to 2015, we generated breast cancer risk estimates using the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment tool (BCRAT), BRCAPRO, Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) and combined BRCAPRO+BCRAT models. Model calibration and discrimination were compared using observed-to-expected ratios (O/E) and the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) among patients with at least five years of follow-up. (3) Results: We observed comparable discrimination and calibration across models. There was no significant difference in model performance between Black and White women. Model discrimination was poorer for HER2+ and triple-negative subtypes compared with ER/PR+HER2-. The BRCAPRO+BCRAT model displayed improved calibration and discrimination compared to BRCAPRO among women with a family history of breast cancer. Across models, discriminatory accuracy was greater among obese than non-obese women. When defining high risk as a 5-year risk of 1.67% or greater, models demonstrated discordance in 2.9% to 19.7% of patients. (4) Conclusions: Our results can inform the implementation of risk assessment and risk-based screening among women undergoing screening mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie McCarthy
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (S.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (S.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Sarah Ehsan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (S.E.); (J.C.)
| | - Zoe Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.G.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (D.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jane Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.G.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (D.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Theodore Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.G.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (D.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Kevin Hughes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Alan Semine
- Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA 02462, USA; (A.S.); (C.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Despina Kontos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Emily Conant
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Constance Lehman
- Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA 02462, USA; (A.S.); (C.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Katrina Armstrong
- Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA 02462, USA; (A.S.); (C.L.); (K.A.)
| | - Danielle Braun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.G.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (D.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.G.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (D.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (Y.L.); (S.E.); (J.C.)
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12
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diFlorio-Alexander RM, Song Q, Dwan D, Austin-Strohbehn JA, Muller KE, Kinlaw WB, MacKenzie TA, Karagas MR, Hassanpour S. Fat-enlarged axillary lymph nodes are associated with node-positive breast cancer in obese patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:257-267. [PMID: 34081259 PMCID: PMC8302552 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity associated fat infiltration of organ systems is accompanied by organ dysfunction and poor cancer outcomes. Obese women demonstrate variable degrees of fat infiltration of axillary lymph nodes (LNs), and they are at increased risk for node-positive breast cancer. However, the relationship between enlarged axillary nodes and axillary metastases has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between axillary metastases and fat-enlarged axillary nodes visualized on mammograms and breast MRI in obese women with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. METHODS This retrospective case-control study included 431 patients with histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer. The primary analysis of this study included 306 patients with pre-treatment and pre-operative breast MRI and body mass index (BMI) > 30 (201 node-positive cases and 105 randomly selected node-negative controls) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between April 1, 2011, and March 1, 2020. The largest visible LN was measured in the axilla contralateral to the known breast cancer on breast MRI. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between node-positive status and LN size adjusting for age, BMI, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor subtype, and lymphovascular invasion. RESULTS A strong likelihood of node-positive breast cancer was observed among obese women with fat-expanded lymph nodes (adjusted OR for the 4th vs. 1st quartile for contralateral LN size on MRI: 9.70; 95% CI 4.26, 23.50; p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for size of fat-enlarged nodes in the contralateral axilla identified on breast MRI had an area under the curve of 0.72 for predicting axillary metastasis, and this increased to 0.77 when combined with patient and tumor characteristics. CONCLUSION Fat expansion of axillary lymph nodes was associated with a high likelihood of axillary metastases in obese women with invasive breast cancer independent of BMI and tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingyuan Song
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, HB 7261, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Dennis Dwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carney Hospital, 2100 Dorchester Ave, Dorchester, MA, 02124, USA
| | - Judith A Austin-Strohbehn
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Kristen E Muller
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Todd A MacKenzie
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, HB 7261, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Saeed Hassanpour
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, HB 7261, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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13
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McCarthy AM, Ehsan S, Appel S, Welch M, He W, Bahl M, Chen J, Lehman CD, Armstrong K. Risk factors for an advanced breast cancer diagnosis within 2 years of a negative mammogram. Cancer 2021; 127:3334-3342. [PMID: 34061353 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying women at risk for advanced interval cancers would allow better targeting of mammography and supplemental screening. The authors assessed risk factors for advanced breast cancer within 2 years of a negative mammogram. METHODS The authors included 293,520 negative mammograms performed from 2006 to 2015 among 74,736 women. Breast cancers were defined as advanced if they were >2 cm, were >1 cm and triple-negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, had positive lymph nodes, or were metastatic. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate associations of age, breast density, menopause, mammogram type, prior breast biopsy, body mass index (BMI), and a family history of breast cancer with a cancer diagnosis within 2 years of a negative mammogram. Models were stratified by year since a negative mammogram. RESULTS Among 1345 breast cancers, 357 were advanced (26.5%), and 988 (73.5%) were at an early stage. Breast density, prior biopsy, and family history were associated with an increased risk of both advanced and early-stage cancers. Overweight and obese women had a 40% higher risk of early-stage cancer only in year 2 (overweight hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.67; P < .001; obese HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.17-1.70; P < .001). Obese women had a 90% increased risk of advanced cancer in year 1 (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.14-3.18; P = .014), and both overweight and obese women had a 40% or greater increased risk in year 2 (overweight HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.14-2.07; P = .005; obese HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.00-2.01; P = .051). CONCLUSIONS A higher BMI was associated with an advanced breast cancer diagnosis within 2 years of a negative mammogram. These results have important implications for risk assessment, screening intervals, and use of supplemental screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Ehsan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Appel
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wei He
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manisha Bahl
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinbo Chen
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Constance D Lehman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katrina Armstrong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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The effect of bariatric surgery on breast cancer incidence and characteristics: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Surg 2021; 222:715-722. [PMID: 33771341 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for breast cancer. This study examines whether bariatric surgery affects breast cancer incidence in women with obesity compared to BMI-matched controls. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched. Primary studies on female breast cancer incidence after bariatric surgery were eligible. RESULTS 11 studies were included (n = 1,106,939). The rate of cancer diagnosis was lower in the surgical group (0.54%) compared to control (0.84%; risk ratio (RR) 0.50, 95%CI 0.37-0.67, I2 = 88%). The results were robust to sensitivity analyses for patient age and study size. Bariatric surgery was associated with increased risk of stage I cancer (RR 1.23, 95%CI 1.06-1.44) and reduced risk of stage III or IV cancer (RR 0.50, 95%CI 0.28-0.88). Hormone receptor characteristics were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery is associated with reduced incidence and earlier stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in women with obesity compared to BMI-matched controls.
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15
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Miller B, Chalfant H, Thomas A, Wellberg E, Henson C, McNally MW, Grizzle WE, Jain A, McNally LR. Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2757. [PMID: 33803201 PMCID: PMC7963150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women. One of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment and improving outcomes is early detection through imaging-based screening. There may be a role for individualized imaging strategies for patients with certain co-morbidities. Herein, we review the literature regarding the accuracy of conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women, the potential role of anti-inflammatory agents to improve detection, and the novel molecular imaging techniques that may have a role for breast cancer screening in these patients. We demonstrate that with conventional imaging modalities, increased sensitivity often comes with a loss of specificity, resulting in unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Obese women have body size limitations that impair image quality, and diabetes increases the risk for dense breast tis-sue. Increased density is known to obscure the diagnosis of cancer on routine screening mammography. Novel molecu-lar imaging agents with targets such as estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pyrimi-dine analogues, and ligand-targeted receptor probes, among others, have potential to reduce false positive results. They can also improve detection rates with increased resolution and inform therapeutic decision making. These emerg-ing imaging techniques promise to improve breast cancer diagnosis in obese patients with diabetes who have dense breasts, but more work is needed to validate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Hunter Chalfant
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA;
| | - Christina Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA;
| | | | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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16
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Cárdenas Cárdenas E, Tenorio-Torres A, Méndez JP, Orozco-Arguelles L, Leal-García M, Coral-Vázquez RM, Vega-García CC, Bautista-Piña V, Canto P. Leptin and its receptor are overexpressed in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with obesity. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 60:151705. [PMID: 33685748 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of leptin (LEP) and its receptor (LEPR) in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with different body mass indexes (BMI), as well as the relationship of this expression with the rate of recurrence free survival (RFS). Leptin and LEPR expression, determined by immunohistochemistry, were studied in breast cancer tissues of 154 patients. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of protein expression was performed by the H-Score method, through the ImageJ's IHC Profiler software. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank statistic were used to estimate RFS differences. Protein expression of LEP, was significantly higher in women with overweight or with obesity, when compared to women with normal BMI (P = 0.032 and P = 0.013, respectively). We also observed a significantly higher expression of LEPR in breast tumor cells of women with obesity (58.8%), when compared to women with normal BMI (32.7%) (P = 0.007). Five-year survival rate, regarding LEPR expression, was 82.4% when positive and 94% when negative (P = 0.024). In the Cox proportional-hazards regression model, LEPR expression represented a risk factor for disease recurrence after adjustment for confounding factors (HR = 4.67; 95% CI: 1.13-19.31; P = 0.033). In conclusion, postmenopausal women with obesity and breast cancer present higher LEP and LEPR expression in breast tumors, when compared to women with normal BMI. Independently from BMI, women with tumors LEPR positive have worst RFS, when compared to women with tumors LEPR negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cárdenas Cárdenas
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Orozco-Arguelles
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Leal-García
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, D.F., Mexico
| | - Claudia Cecilia Vega-García
- Departamento de Biología de Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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17
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Gaudet MM, Deubler E, Diver WR, Puvanesarajah S, Patel AV, Gansler T, Sherman ME, Gapstur SM. Breast cancer risk factors by mode of detection among screened women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:791-805. [PMID: 33398477 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying risk factors for women at high risk of symptom-detected breast cancers that were missed by screening would enable targeting of enhanced screening regimens. To this end, we examined associations of breast cancer risk factors by mode of detection in screened women from the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)-II Nutrition Cohort. METHODS Among 77,206 women followed for a median of 14.8 years, 2711 screen-detected and 1281 symptom-detected breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Multivariable-adjusted associations were estimated using joint Cox proportional hazards regression models with person-time calculated contingent on screening. RESULTS Factors associated with higher risks of symptom-detected and screen-detected breast cancer included current combined hormone therapy (HT) use (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.72-2.48 and 1.45, 1.27-1.65, respectively) and history of benign breast disease (1.85, 1.64-2.08 and 1.43, 1.31-1.55, respectively). Current estrogen-only HT use was associated with symptom-detected (1.40, 1.15-1.71) but not screen-detected (0.95, 0.83-1.09) breast cancer. Higher risk of screen-detected but not symptom-detected breast cancer was observed for obese vs. normal body mass index (1.22, 1.01-1.48 and 0.76, 0.56-1.01, respectively), per 3 h/day sitting time (1.10, 1.04-1.16 and 0.97, 0.89-1.06, respectively), and ≥ 2 drinks per day vs. nondrinker (1.40, 1.16-1.69 and 1.27, 0.97-1.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Differences in risk factors for symptom-detected vs. screen-detected breast cancer were observed and most notably, use of combined and estrogen-only HT and a history of benign breast disease were associated with increased risk of symptomatic detected breast cancer. IMPACT If confirmed, these data suggest that such women may benefit from more intensive screening to facilitate early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Emily Deubler
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Samantha Puvanesarajah
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ted Gansler
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Departments of Epidemiology and of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinical College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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18
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Cárdenas-Cárdenas E, Tenorio-Torres A, Méndez JP, Orozco-Arguelles L, Leal-García M, Tejeda ME, Morales A, Canto P. Different body mass indexes and their relation to prognosis of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women. Women Health 2020; 61:210-217. [PMID: 32854607 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2020.1812791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that obesity increases the incidence of metastatic breast tumors, resulting in higher rates of recurrence, and increased mortality; for that reason, the aim of this study was to investigate if different body mass indexes modified the clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer; as well as, the recurrence-free survival in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women. Two hundred twenty postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer were included. A structured questionnaire was applied to explore the existence of potential risk factors. Body mass index (BMI) was determined in each case and patients were grouped in accordance to their BMI in: normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank statistic were used to estimate recurrence-free-survival differences. Hormonal receptor(+)/HER2(-) was the most frequent breast cancer in all groups. Overweight women presented a statistically significant increased risk of this molecular subtype, with an odds ratio (OR) = 5.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.54-24.86; P = .004)). In addition, the triple-negative subtype was more frequent in women with a normal BMI in comparison to women with overweight (P = .016) or women with obesity. The heterogeneity in cancer subtypes regarding BMI was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cárdenas-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leticia Orozco-Arguelles
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Leal-García
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Elena Tejeda
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angélica Morales
- Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Ciudad de México, México
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19
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Orozco-Arguelles L, De Los Santos S, Tenorio-Torres A, Méndez JP, Leal-García M, Coral-Vázquez R, Vega-García C, Bautista-Piña V, Tejeda ME, Cárdenas-Cárdenas E, Canto P. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 expression proteins levels are modified in breast cancer in postmenopausal women with obesity. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:571-576. [PMID: 32848015 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and its receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with different body mass indexes (BMIs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with breast cancer were included. BMI was determined in each case. To carry out qualitative and semiquantitative assessments of protein expression by immunohistochemistry, the H-Score method was used, through ImageJ's IHC Profiler software. Statistical power of the study was >80% with a p<0.05. RESULTS Fifty women had a normal BMI, 50 presented overweight and 50 had obesity. The expression of ADIPOQ in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal woman with normal BMI was higher in comparison to women with overweight or with obesity (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the expression of ADIPOR1 in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with normal BMI was significantly lower when compared with women with overweight or with obesity (p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, the expression of ADIPOR2 in breast cancer tissue, in the cytoplasm, was similar in all groups studied. CONCLUSIONS We found that women with overweight or obesity had a lower expression of ADIPOQ and a higher ADIPOR1 expression in breast cancer tissue, when compared with women with a normal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Orozco-Arguelles
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio De Los Santos
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Leal-García
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ramón Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Vega-García
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubiran", Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - María Elena Tejeda
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Cárdenas-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Ciudad de México, México .,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, México
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20
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Risk factors for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK Biobank cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 64:101648. [PMID: 31837535 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) is considered to be a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC). This suggests that risk factors for DCIS should be a subset of those for IBC. To this end, we investigated whether demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors that have been linked to IBC risk are also associated with DCIS risk. This study was conducted in 263,788 women aged 40-69 years at enrolment into the UK Biobank population-based cohort. Information on demographic, reproductive and health factors was collected at baseline using computerized questionnaires, while incident DCIS was ascertained through linkage to UK cancer registries. Age-adjusted and multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models in the total sample and by menopausal status. During an average of 7 years of follow-up, 1,016 women developed DCIS. Multivariable analysis indicated that age, physical activity, height, family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, parity, and years between menarche and first live birth had associations with DCIS risk. Among post-menopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 was associated with increased DCIS risk. This study, the largest to date including both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, confirms previous findings indicating correspondence between risk factors for DCIS and IBC and highlights the potential contribution to DCIS risk of anthropometric measures not previously reported to be associated with the disease, such as height and BMI amongst post-menopausal women.
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21
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World Cancer Research Fund International: Continuous Update Project-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies on physical activity, sedentary behavior, adiposity, and weight change and breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1183-1200. [PMID: 31471762 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the complex associations between energy balance-related factors and breast cancer risk, for which previous evidence has suggested different associations in the life course of women and by hormone receptor (HR) status of the tumor. METHODS Relevant publications on adulthood physical activity, sedentary behavior, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight change and pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk were identified in PubMed up to 30 April 2017. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to summarize the relative risks across studies. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-six observational cohort studies comprising over 22,900 premenopausal and 103,000 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were meta-analyzed. Higher physical activity was inversely associated with both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, whereas increased sitting time was positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer. Although higher early adult BMI (ages 18-30 years) was inversely associated with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, adult weight gain and greater body adiposity increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, and the increased risk was evident for HR+ but not HR- breast cancers, and among never but not current users of postmenopausal hormones. The evidence was less consistent in premenopausal women. There were no associations with adult weight gain, inverse associations with adult BMI (study baseline) and hip circumference, and non-significant associations with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio that were reverted to positive associations on average in studies accounting for BMI. No significant associations were observed for HR-defined premenopausal breast cancers. CONCLUSION Better understanding on the impact of these factors on pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers and their subtypes along the life course is needed.
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22
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Lee K, Kruper L, Dieli-Conwright CM, Mortimer JE. The Impact of Obesity on Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:41. [PMID: 30919143 PMCID: PMC6437123 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Obesity is a recognized risk factor for the development of breast cancer and recurrence even when patients are treated appropriately. We reviewed the literature that addresses the impact of obesity on diagnosis and the individual therapeutic interventions, and present a summary of the findings. Recent Findings Compared to non-obese women with breast cancer, obese women with breast cancer have a worse disease-free and overall survival despite appropriate local and systemic therapies. In brief, obese breast cancer patients experience more complications related to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Further, obese patients are at increased risk for local recurrence compared to normal-weight women. Similarly, systemic chemotherapy is less effective, even when dosed appropriately on the basis of actual weight. Overall, endocrine therapy is less effective in obese women, and there is a suggestion that aromatase inhibitors may be selectively less effective than tamoxifen. Obese women are less likely to undergo breast reconstruction than normal-weight women, and those who do have surgery experience more surgical complications. Summary The efficacy of cancer treatments is significantly lower in obese breast cancer survivors, posing greater challenges in patient care and disease management in this patient population. Further investigations are warranted to assess the effects on treatment outcomes and optimize therapeutic mechanisms in order to successfully target breast cancer associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwan Lee
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar Street, CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Laura Kruper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar Street, CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joanne E Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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23
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Madak-Erdogan Z, Band S, Zhao YC, Smith BP, Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul E, Zuo Q, Santaliz Casiano A, Wrobel K, Rossi G, Smith RL, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Johnson ML, Patel M, Marino N, Storniolo AMV, Flaws JA. Free Fatty Acids Rewire Cancer Metabolism in Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer via Estrogen Receptor and mTOR Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2494-2510. [PMID: 30862719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Molecular mechanisms underlying factors from plasma that contribute to this risk and how these mechanisms affect ERα signaling have yet to be elucidated. To identify such mechanisms, we performed whole metabolite and protein profiling in plasma samples from women at high risk for breast cancer, which led us to focus on factors that were differentially present in plasma of obese versus nonobese postmenopausal women. These studies, combined with in vitro assays, identified free fatty acids (FFA) as circulating plasma factors that correlated with increased proliferation and aggressiveness in ER+ breast cancer cells. FFAs activated both the ERα and mTOR pathways and rewired metabolism in breast cancer cells. Pathway preferential estrogen-1 (PaPE-1), which targets ERα and mTOR signaling, was able to block changes induced by FFA and was more effective in the presence of FFA. Collectively, these data suggest a role for obesity-associated gene and metabolic rewiring in providing new targetable vulnerabilities for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, they provide a basis for preclinical and clinical trials where the impact of agents that target ERα and mTOR signaling cross-talk would be tested to prevent ER+ breast cancers in obese postmenopausal women. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that obesity-associated changes in certain blood metabolites rewire metabolic programs in cancer cells, influence mammary epithelial cell tumorigenicity and aggressiveness, and increase breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Shoham Band
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yiru C Zhao
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Brandi P Smith
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ashlie Santaliz Casiano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kinga Wrobel
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Gianluigi Rossi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Mariah L Johnson
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meera Patel
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Natascia Marino
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anna Maria V Storniolo
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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24
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Karliner LS, Kaplan C, Livaudais-Toman J, Kerlikowske K. Mammography facilities serving vulnerable women have longer follow-up times. Health Serv Res 2018; 54 Suppl 1:226-233. [PMID: 30394526 PMCID: PMC6341204 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate mammography facilities’ follow‐up times, population vulnerability, system‐based processes, and association with cancer stage at diagnosis. Data Sources Prospectively collected from San Francisco Mammography Registry (SFMR) 2005‐2011, California Cancer Registry 2005‐2012, SFMR facility survey 2012. Study Design We examined time to biopsy for 17 750 abnormal mammogram results (BI‐RADS 4/5), categorizing eight facilities as short or long follow‐up based on proportion of mammograms with biopsy at 30 days. We examined facility population vulnerability (race/ethnicity, language, education), and system processes. Among women with a cancer diagnosis, we modeled odds of advanced‐stage (≥IIb) cancer diagnosis by facility follow‐up group. Data Extraction Methods Merged SFMR, Cancer Registry and facility survey data. Principal Findings Facilities (N = 4) with short follow‐up completed biopsies by 30 days for 82% of mammograms compared with 62% for facilities with long follow‐up (N = 4) (P < 0.0001). All facilities serving high proportions of vulnerable women were long follow‐up facilities. The long follow‐up facilities had fewer radiologists, longer biopsy appointment wait times, and less communication directly with women. Having the index abnormal mammogram at a long follow‐up facility was associated with higher adjusted odds of advanced‐stage cancer (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.10‐1.91). Conclusions Providing mammography facilities serving vulnerable women with appropriate resources may decrease disparities in abnormal mammogram follow‐up and cancer diagnosis stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S Karliner
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Celia Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Livaudais-Toman
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- General Internal Medicine Section, San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.,Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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25
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Chen Y, Liu L, Zhou Q, Imam MU, Cai J, Wang Y, Qi M, Sun P, Ping Z, Fu X. Body mass index had different effects on premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risks: a dose-response meta-analysis with 3,318,796 subjects from 31 cohort studies. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:936. [PMID: 29216920 PMCID: PMC5721381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is sufficient evidence supporting a relationship between increased body mass index (BMI) and an increased risk for breast cancer among postmenopausal women. However, most studies have found a decreased risk for premenopausal breast cancer. This study was conducted to find out the different effects of BMI on the risk of breast cancer among premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and explore the potential factors that influence the associations. Methods A dose-response meta-analysis with 3,318,796 participants from 31 articles was conducted. Cohort studies that included BMI and corresponding breast cancer risk were selected through various databases including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Scientific Journals (VIP). Random effects models were used for analyzing the data. Results The summary relative risks (RRs) were 1.33 (95%CI: 1.20–1.48) and 0.94(95%CI: 0.80–1.11) among postmenopausal and premenopausal women, respectively. The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a positive non-linear association between BMI and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women, and compared to the mean level of the normal BMI category (21.5 kg/m2) the RR in total postmenopausal women were1.03 (95% CI: 1.02–1.05) per 1 kg/m2 increment. However, no statistically significant association among total premenopausal women was detected. In subgroup analysis among European premenopausal women, the summary RR was 0.79(95%CI: 0.70–0.88). The non-linear relationship showed a negative non-linear association between BMI and breast cancer risk among European premenopausal women. When compared to the mean level of the normal BMI category, the RRs were 0.98 (95%CI: 0.96–1.00) per 1 kg/m2 increment, respectively. Conclusions In line with previous studies BMI had different effects on pre-menopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, contrary to previous studies, a high BMI was not associated with decreased risk in total pre-menopausal women. More research is needed to better understand these differences. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4953-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | | | - Jialin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minjie Qi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiguang Ping
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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26
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Lopez-de-Andres A, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Hernandez-Barrera V, de Miguel-Diez J, Mendez-Bailon M, de Miguel-Yanes JM, Perez-Farinos N, Salinero-fort MA, del Barrio JL, Romero-Maroto M, Jimenez-Garcia R. Association of type 2 diabetes with in-hospital complications among women undergoing breast cancer surgical procedures. A retrospective study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, 2013-2014. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017676. [PMID: 29122795 PMCID: PMC5695447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the type of surgical procedures used, comorbidities, in-hospital complications (IHC) and in-hospital outcomes between women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and age-matched women without diabetes who were hospitalised with breast cancer. In addition, we sought to identify factors associated with IHC in women with T2DM who had undergone surgical procedures for breast cancer. DESIGN Retrospective study using the National Hospital Discharge Database, 2013-2014. SETTING Spain. PARTICIPANTS Women who were aged ≥40 years with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer and who had undergone a surgical procedure. We grouped admissions by T2DM status. We selected one matched control for each T2DM case. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The type of procedure (breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy), clinical characteristics, complications, length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS We identified 41 458 admissions (9.23% with T2DM). Overall, and in addition to the surgical procedure, we found that comorbidity, hypertension and obesity were more common among patients with T2DM. We also detected a higher incidence of mastectomy in women with T2DM (44.69% vs 42.42%) and a greater rate of BCS in patients without T2DM (57.58% vs 55.31%). Overall, non-infectious complications were more common among women with T2DM (6.40% vs 4.56%). Among women who had undergone BCS or a mastectomy, IHC were more frequent among diabetics (5.57% vs 3.04% and 10.60% vs 8.24%, respectively). Comorbidity was significantly associated with a higher risk of IHC in women with diabetes, independent of the specific procedure used.province CONCLUSIONS: Women with T2DM who undergo surgical breast cancer procedures have more comorbidity, risk factors and advanced cancer presentations than matched patients without T2DM. Mastectomies are more common in women with T2DM. Moreover, the procedures among women with T2DM were associated with greater IHC. Comorbidity was a strong predictor of IHC in women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-de-Andres
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Oral Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Isabel Jimenez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Oral Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Valentin Hernandez-Barrera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Oral Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Javier de Miguel-Diez
- Respiratory Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Mendez-Bailon
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M de Miguel-Yanes
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose L del Barrio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Oral Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Martin Romero-Maroto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Oral Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Oral Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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Jacklyn G, Morrell S, McGeechan K, Houssami N, Irwig L, Pathmanathan N, Barratt A. Carcinoma in situ of the breast in New South Wales, Australia: Current status and trends over the last 40 year. Breast 2017; 37:170-178. [PMID: 28882419 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-invasive breast cancer has increased substantially over time. We aim to describe temporal trends in the incidence of carcinoma in situ of the breast in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS Descriptive study of trends in the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) in women who received a diagnosis from 1972 to 2012, recorded in the NSW Cancer Registry. RESULTS Carcinoma in situ as a proportion of all breast cancer was 0.4% during the prescreening period 1972 to 1987 and is currently 14.1% (2006 to 2012). Among 10,810 women diagnosed with DCIS, incidence across all ages rose from 0.15 per 100,000 during 1972 to 1983 to 16.81 per 100,000 over 2006 to 2012, representing a 100-fold increase (IRR 113.10; 95% CI 81.94 to 156.08). Among women in the target age group for screening (50-69 years) incidence rose from 0.27 per 100,000 to 51.96 over the same period (IRR 195.50; 95% CI 117.26 to 325.89). DCIS incidence peaks in women aged 60-69 years. DCIS incidence has not stabilized despite screening being well established for over 20 years, and participation rates in the target age range remaining stable. CONCLUSIONS Our findings raise questions about the value of the increasing detection of DCIS and aggressive treatment of these lesions, especially among older women, and support trials of de-escalated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Jacklyn
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Stephen Morrell
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kevin McGeechan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nehmat Houssami
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Les Irwig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pathmanathan
- Sydney Medical School - Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Barratt
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Ahern TP, Sprague BL, Bissell MCS, Miglioretti DL, Buist DSM, Braithwaite D, Kerlikowske K. Family History of Breast Cancer, Breast Density, and Breast Cancer Risk in a U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:938-944. [PMID: 28096200 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The utility of incorporating detailed family history into breast cancer risk prediction hinges on its independent contribution to breast cancer risk. We evaluated associations between detailed family history and breast cancer risk while accounting for breast density.Methods: We followed 222,019 participants ages 35 to 74 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, of whom 2,456 developed invasive breast cancer. We calculated standardized breast cancer risks within joint strata of breast density and simple (1st-degree female relative) or detailed (first-degree, second-degree, or first- and second-degree female relative) breast cancer family history. We fit log-binomial models to estimate age-specific breast cancer associations for simple and detailed family history, accounting for breast density.Results: Simple first-degree family history was associated with increased breast cancer risk compared with no first-degree history [Risk ratio (RR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.1 at age 40; RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7 at age 50; RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6 at age 60; RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5 at age 70). Breast cancer associations with detailed family history were strongest for women with first- and second-degree family history compared with no history (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2 at age 40); this association weakened in higher age groups (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.88-1.5 at age 70). Associations did not change substantially when adjusted for breast density.Conclusions: Even with adjustment for breast density, a history of breast cancer in both first- and second-degree relatives is more strongly associated with breast cancer than simple first-degree family history.Impact: Future efforts to improve breast cancer risk prediction models should evaluate detailed family history as a risk factor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 938-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Ahern
- Department of Surgery, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | - Brian L Sprague
- Department of Surgery, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael C S Bissell
- Graduate Group in Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Diana L Miglioretti
- Graduate Group in Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Prognostic factors in early breast cancer associated with body mass index, physical functioning, physical activity, and comorbidity: data from a nationwide Danish cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:159-167. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kerlikowske K, Gard CC, Tice JA, Ziv E, Cummings SR, Miglioretti DL. Risk Factors That Increase Risk of Estrogen Receptor-Positive and -Negative Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2898140. [PMID: 28040694 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors may differentially influence development of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive vs -negative breast cancer. We examined associations with strong, prevalent risk factors by ER subtype. Methods Of 1 279 443 women age 35 to 74 years participating in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, 14 969 developed ER-positive and 3617 developed ER-negative invasive breast cancer. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression and compared ER subtype hazard ratios at representative ages or by menopausal status using Wald tests. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results For women age 40 years, compared with no prior biopsy, ER-positive vs ER-negative HRs were 1.53 (95% CI = 1.30 to 1.81) vs 1.26 (95% CI = 0.90 to 1.76) for nonproliferative disease, 1.63 (95% CI = 1.23 to 2.17) vs 1.41 (95% CI = 0.78 to 2.57) for proliferative disease without atypia, and 4.47 (95% CI = 2.88 to 6.96) vs 0.20 (95% CI = 0.02 to 2.51) for proliferative disease with atypia. Benign disease proliferation risk was stronger for ER-positive than ER-negative cancer for women age 35 years (Wald P = .04), age 40 years (Wald P = .04), and age 50 years (Wald P = .06). Among pre/perimenopausal women, body mass index (BMI) had a stronger association with ER-negative than ER-positive cancer (obese II/III vs. normal weight: HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.94; vs 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.36). Increasing BMI similarly increased ER-positive and ER-negative cancer risk among postmenopausal hormone users (Wald P = .15) and nonusers (Wald P = .08). Associations with ER subtype varied by race/ethnicity across all ages (P < .001) and by family history of breast cancer and breast density for specific ages. Conclusions Strength of risk factor associations differed by ER subtype. Separate risk models for ER subtypes may improve identification of women for targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Kerlikowske
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (KK, JAT, EZ) and General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs (KK), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (CCG); San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA (SRC); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (DLM); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DLM)
| | - Charlotte C Gard
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (KK, JAT, EZ) and General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs (KK), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (CCG); San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA (SRC); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (DLM); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DLM)
| | - Jeffrey A Tice
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (KK, JAT, EZ) and General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs (KK), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (CCG); San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA (SRC); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (DLM); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DLM)
| | - Elad Ziv
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (KK, JAT, EZ) and General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs (KK), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (CCG); San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA (SRC); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (DLM); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DLM)
| | - Steven R Cummings
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (KK, JAT, EZ) and General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs (KK), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (CCG); San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA (SRC); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (DLM); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DLM)
| | - Diana L Miglioretti
- Affiliations of authors: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (KK, JAT, EZ) and General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs (KK), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM (CCG); San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA (SRC); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (DLM); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DLM)
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Njor SH, von Euler-Chelpin M, Tjønneland A, Vejborg I, Lynge E. Body weight and sensitivity of screening mammography. Eur J Cancer 2016; 60:93-100. [PMID: 27085424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obese women tend to participate less in breast cancer screening than normal weight women. However, obese women have fattier breast than normal weight women, and screening mammography works better in fatty than in dense breasts. One might, therefore, hypothesise that obese women would actually benefit more from screening than other women. METHODS We combined data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study and the organised population-based screening mammography programme in Copenhagen, Denmark. Women were categorised according to body mass index (BMI) (<20; 20 to <25; 25 to <30; 30 to <35, and 35+). We measured recall rate, sensitivity and specificity for subsequent screens with a 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS The study included 6787 women. The recall rate varied from 1.4% for women with BMI <20 to 1.9% for women with BMI 35+, test for trend p = 0.86. Sensitivity varied from 42% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20-64%) for women with BMI <20 to 100% (95% CI 69-100%) for women with BMI 35+, test for trend p = 0.015. Specificity was fairly constant across BMI levels, being on average 98.8%, test for trend p = 0.79. CONCLUSION This study showed that obese women were the ones with the highest sensitivity of screening mammography, while the specificity of screening remained stable across weight groups. Screening programmes should be organized to encourage these women to overcome obstacles for participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisse H Njor
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ilse Vejborg
- Center of Diagnostic Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Miglioretti DL, Lange J, van den Broek JJ, Lee CI, van Ravesteyn NT, Ritley D, Kerlikowske K, Fenton JJ, Melnikow J, de Koning HJ, Hubbard RA. Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality From Digital Mammography Screening: A Modeling Study. Ann Intern Med 2016; 164:205-14. [PMID: 26756460 PMCID: PMC4878445 DOI: 10.7326/m15-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of risk for radiation-induced breast cancer from mammography screening have not considered variation in dose exposure or diagnostic work-up after abnormal screening results. OBJECTIVE To estimate distributions of radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality from digital mammography screening while considering exposure from screening and diagnostic mammography and dose variation among women. DESIGN 2 simulation-modeling approaches. SETTING U.S. population. PATIENTS Women aged 40 to 74 years. INTERVENTION Annual or biennial digital mammography screening from age 40, 45, or 50 years until age 74 years. MEASUREMENTS Lifetime breast cancer deaths averted (benefits) and radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality (harms) per 100,000 women screened. RESULTS Annual screening of 100,000 women aged 40 to 74 years was projected to induce 125 breast cancer cases (95% CI, 88 to 178) leading to 16 deaths (CI, 11 to 23), relative to 968 breast cancer deaths averted by early detection from screening. Women exposed at the 95th percentile were projected to develop 246 cases of radiation-induced breast cancer leading to 32 deaths per 100,000 women. Women with large breasts requiring extra views for complete examination (8% of population) were projected to have greater radiation-induced breast cancer risk (266 cancer cases and 35 deaths per 100,000 women) than other women (113 cancer cases and 15 deaths per 100,000 women). Biennial screening starting at age 50 years reduced risk for radiation-induced cancer 5-fold. LIMITATION Life-years lost from radiation-induced breast cancer could not be estimated. CONCLUSION Radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality from digital mammography screening are affected by dose variability from screening, resultant diagnostic work-up, initiation age, and screening frequency. Women with large breasts may have a greater risk for radiation-induced breast cancer. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Miglioretti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Jane Lange
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Jeroen J. van den Broek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph I. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Nicolien T. van Ravesteyn
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Ritley
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA; General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joshua J. Fenton
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Joy Melnikow
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Harry J. de Koning
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca A. Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Mandelblatt JS, Stout NK, Schechter CB, van den Broek JJ, Miglioretti DL, Krapcho M, Trentham-Dietz A, Munoz D, Lee SJ, Berry DA, van Ravesteyn NT, Alagoz O, Kerlikowske K, Tosteson AN, Near AM, Hoeffken A, Chang Y, Heijnsdijk EA, Chisholm G, Huang X, Huang H, Ergun MA, Gangnon R, Sprague BL, Plevritis S, Feuer E, de Koning HJ, Cronin KA. Collaborative Modeling of the Benefits and Harms Associated With Different U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies. Ann Intern Med 2016; 164:215-25. [PMID: 26756606 PMCID: PMC5079106 DOI: 10.7326/m15-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy persists about optimal mammography screening strategies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate screening outcomes, taking into account advances in mammography and treatment of breast cancer. DESIGN Collaboration of 6 simulation models using national data on incidence, digital mammography performance, treatment effects, and other-cause mortality. SETTING United States. PATIENTS Average-risk U.S. female population and subgroups with varying risk, breast density, or comorbidity. INTERVENTION Eight strategies differing by age at which screening starts (40, 45, or 50 years) and screening interval (annual, biennial, and hybrid [annual for women in their 40s and biennial thereafter]). All strategies assumed 100% adherence and stopped at age 74 years. MEASUREMENTS Benefits (breast cancer-specific mortality reduction, breast cancer deaths averted, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years); number of mammograms used; harms (false-positive results, benign biopsies, and overdiagnosis); and ratios of harms (or use) and benefits (efficiency) per 1000 screens. RESULTS Biennial strategies were consistently the most efficient for average-risk women. Biennial screening from age 50 to 74 years avoided a median of 7 breast cancer deaths versus no screening; annual screening from age 40 to 74 years avoided an additional 3 deaths, but yielded 1988 more false-positive results and 11 more overdiagnoses per 1000 women screened. Annual screening from age 50 to 74 years was inefficient (similar benefits, but more harms than other strategies). For groups with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk, annual screening from age 40 years had similar harms and benefits as screening average-risk women biennially from 50 to 74 years. For groups with moderate or severe comorbidity, screening could stop at age 66 to 68 years. LIMITATION Other imaging technologies, polygenic risk, and nonadherence were not considered. CONCLUSION Biennial screening for breast cancer is efficient for average-risk populations. Decisions about starting ages and intervals will depend on population characteristics and the decision makers' weight given to the harms and benefits of screening. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Natasha K. Stout
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Clyde B. Schechter
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jeroen J. van den Broek
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Martin Krapcho
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Diego Munoz
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sandra J. Lee
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Donald A. Berry
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicolien T. van Ravesteyn
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Oguzhan Alagoz
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anna N.A. Tosteson
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aimee M. Near
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amanda Hoeffken
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yaojen Chang
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Eveline A. Heijnsdijk
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary Chisholm
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Xuelin Huang
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Hui Huang
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergun
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian L. Sprague
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sylvia Plevritis
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Eric Feuer
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Harry J. de Koning
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kathleen A. Cronin
- From Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Stanford University, Stanford, and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Information Management Services, Calverton, and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; and College of Medicine, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Lipscomb J, Fleming ST, Trentham-Dietz A, Kimmick G, Wu XC, Morris CR, Zhang K, Smith RA, Anderson RT, Sabatino SA. What Predicts an Advanced-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer? Sorting Out the Influence of Method of Detection, Access to Care, and Biologic Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:613-23. [PMID: 26819266 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have yielded important findings regarding the determinants of an advanced-stage diagnosis of breast cancer. We seek to advance this line of inquiry through a broadened conceptual framework and accompanying statistical modeling strategy that recognize the dual importance of access-to-care and biologic factors on stage. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored Breast and Prostate Cancer Data Quality and Patterns of Care Study yielded a seven-state, cancer registry-derived population-based sample of 9,142 women diagnosed with a first primary in situ or invasive breast cancer in 2004. The likelihood of advanced-stage cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer IIIB, IIIC, or IV) was investigated through multivariable regression modeling, with base-case analyses using the method of instrumental variables (IV) to detect and correct for possible selection bias. The robustness of base-case findings was examined through extensive sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Advanced-stage disease was negatively associated with detection by mammography (P < 0.001) and with age < 50 (P < 0.001), and positively related to black race (P = 0.07), not being privately insured [Medicaid (P = 0.01), Medicare (P = 0.04), uninsured (P = 0.07)], being single (P = 0.06), body mass index > 40 (P = 0.001), a HER2 type tumor (P < 0.001), and tumor grade not well differentiated (P < 0.001). This IV model detected and adjusted for significant selection effects associated with method of detection (P = 0.02). Sensitivity analyses generally supported these base-case results. CONCLUSIONS Through our comprehensive modeling strategy and sensitivity analyses, we provide new estimates of the magnitude and robustness of the determinants of advanced-stage breast cancer. IMPACT Statistical approaches frequently used to address observational data biases in treatment-outcome studies can be applied similarly in analyses of the determinants of stage at diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 613-23. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lipscomb
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Steven T Fleming
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Gretchen Kimmick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center and Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wu
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cyllene R Morris
- California Cancer Registry, Institute for Population Health Improvement, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Roger T Anderson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, and UVA Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Susan A Sabatino
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Allott EH, Hursting SD. Obesity and cancer: mechanistic insights from transdisciplinary studies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R365-86. [PMID: 26373570 PMCID: PMC4631382 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a range of health outcomes that are of clinical and public health significance, including cancer. Herein, we summarize epidemiologic and preclinical evidence for an association between obesity and increased risk of breast and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Moreover, we describe data from observational studies of weight change in humans and from calorie-restriction studies in mouse models that support a potential role for weight loss in counteracting tumor-promoting properties of obesity in breast and prostate cancers. Given that weight loss is challenging to achieve and maintain, we also consider evidence linking treatments for obesity-associated co-morbidities, including metformin, statins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with reduced breast and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Finally, we highlight several challenges that should be considered when conducting epidemiologic and preclinical research in the area of obesity and cancer, including the measurement of obesity in population-based studies, the timing of obesity and weight change in relation to tumor latency and cancer diagnosis, and the heterogeneous nature of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Given that obesity is a complex trait, comprised of behavioral, epidemiologic and molecular/metabolic factors, we argue that a transdisciplinary approach is the key to understanding the mechanisms linking obesity and cancer. As such, this review highlights the critical need to integrate evidence from both epidemiologic and preclinical studies to gain insight into both biologic and non-biologic mechanisms contributing to the obesity-cancer link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Allott
- Department of EpidemiologyCB 7435, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USADepartment of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA Department of EpidemiologyCB 7435, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USADepartment of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of EpidemiologyCB 7435, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USADepartment of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA Department of EpidemiologyCB 7435, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USADepartment of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Ligibel JA, Strickler HD. Obesity and its impact on breast cancer: tumor incidence, recurrence, survival, and possible interventions. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2015:52-9. [PMID: 23714455 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2013.33.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A positive association between obesity and the risk of incident postmenopausal breast cancer has been consistently observed in epidemiologic studies. Although most studies of premenopausal women have not found a similar relationship between breast cancer and obesity, the prognosis for both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer is substantially worse among obese than normal-weight individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that these associations may be mechanistically related to sex hormones, insulin, and certain adipokines. Insulin, for example, has important mitogenic/antiapoptotic activity in addition to its metabolic effects, and many breast tumors express high levels of the insulin receptor (IR)-A isoform. Further, the use of metformin, a diabetes medication that reduces insulin levels, has been epidemiologically associated with reduced breast cancer risk among patients with diabetes, and a recent observational study found a higher rate of pathologic complete responses among patients with diabetes and breast cancer who were using metformin. Formal clinical trials of metformin as adjuvant breast cancer therapy have been initiated and are ongoing. Similarly, the effect of lifestyle changes on breast cancer outcomes is actively being investigated. Several lifestyle intervention studies have demonstrated that weight loss, increased physical activity, and dietary changes are feasible in breast cancer populations, and that individuals who make lifestyle changes after breast cancer diagnosis experience several physical and psychologic benefits. In this article, the authors review the evidence linking obesity with breast cancer risk and outcomes and provide an overview of lifestyle intervention studies in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ligibel
- From the Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; the Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Innos K, Valvere V, Padrik P, Eelma E, Kütner R, Lehtsaar J, Tekkel M. Mammography use and mode of detection among breast cancer patients in Estonia. Women Health 2015; 56:129-40. [PMID: 26327255 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1086468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine past mammography use and mode of detection among breast cancer (BC) patients in Estonia, a country that has low screening coverage and high BC mortality. Women newly diagnosed with primary BC in Estonia in 2008-2010 were interviewed. Determinants of past mammography use and the detection of BC by mammography were studied using multivariate logistic regression. Among 977 participants, almost half reported no mammograms prior to the detection of BC. Overall, 22% of the cases were detected by mammography (16% by screening mammography). Detection by mammography was strongly related to age, past mammography use, and obesity. Among cases detected by mammography, 10% were stage III/IV at diagnosis (32% among cases detected by other modes). This study showed low mammography utilization and high rate of self-detection of BC in Estonia. Increased detection by mammography would help diagnose the disease at an earlier stage and consequently avoid premature BC deaths. Efforts should be undertaken to increase participation in screening and improve the availability of mammography among older and high-risk women. The results are likely to be relevant for other countries and population groups with low screening coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaire Innos
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , National Institute for Health Development , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Vahur Valvere
- b Clinic of Oncology and Haematology , North Estonia Medical Centre , Tallinn , Estonia.,c Competence Center for Cancer Research , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Peeter Padrik
- d Clinic of Haematology and Oncology , Tartu University Hospital , Tartu , Estonia.,e Clinic of Haematology and Oncology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Evelyn Eelma
- f Department of Surgical Oncology , Tartu University Hospital , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Riina Kütner
- g Clinic of Surgery , North Estonia Medical Centre , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Jaak Lehtsaar
- f Department of Surgical Oncology , Tartu University Hospital , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Mare Tekkel
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , National Institute for Health Development , Tallinn , Estonia
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Sprague BL, Gangnon RE, Hampton JM, Egan KM, Titus LJ, Kerlikowske K, Remington PL, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A. Variation in Breast Cancer-Risk Factor Associations by Method of Detection: Results From a Series of Case-Control Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:956-69. [PMID: 25944893 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns about breast cancer overdiagnosis have increased the need to understand how cancers detected through screening mammography differ from those first detected by a woman or her clinician. We investigated risk factor associations for invasive breast cancer by method of detection within a series of case-control studies (1992-2007) carried out in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire (n=15,648 invasive breast cancer patients and 17,602 controls aged 40-79 years). Approximately half of case women reported that their cancer had been detected by mammographic screening and half that they or their clinician had detected it. In polytomous logistic regression models, parity and age at first birth were more strongly associated with risk of mammography-detected breast cancer than with risk of woman/clinician-detected breast cancer (P≤0.01; adjusted for mammography utilization). Among postmenopausal women, estrogen-progestin hormone use was predominantly associated with risk of woman/clinician-detected breast cancer (odds ratio (OR)=1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 1.72), whereas obesity was predominantly associated with risk of mammography-detected breast cancer (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.54, 1.92). Among regularly screened premenopausal women, obesity was not associated with increased risk of mammography-detected breast cancer (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.18), but it was associated with reduced risk of woman/clinician-detected breast cancer (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.64). These findings indicate important differences in breast cancer risk factors according to method of detection.
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The association between diabetes and breast cancer stage at diagnosis: a population-based study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:613-20. [PMID: 25779100 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Women with diabetes have higher breast cancer incidence and mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of diabetes on stage at breast cancer diagnosis, as a possible reason for their higher mortality. Using population-based health databases from Ontario, Canada, this retrospective cohort study examined stage at diagnosis (II, III, or IV vs I) among women aged 20-105 years who were newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2007 and 2012. We compared those with diabetes to those without diabetes. Diabetes was defined based on medical records using a validated algorithm. Among 38,407 women with breast cancer, 6115 (15.9 %) women had diabetes. Breast cancer patients with diabetes were significantly more likely to present with advanced-stage breast cancer than those without diabetes. After adjustment for mammograms and other covariates, diabetes was associated with a significantly increased risk of Stage II [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.14, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07, 1.22], Stage III (aOR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.11, 1.33), and Stage IV (aOR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.33) versus Stage I breast cancer. Women with diabetes had a higher risk of lymph node metastases (aOR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.27) and tumors with size over 2 cm (aOR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.28). Diabetes was associated with more advanced-stage breast cancer, even after accounting for differences in screening mammogram use and other factors. Our findings suggest that diabetes may predispose to more aggressive breast cancer, which may be a contributor to their higher cancer mortality.
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Xia X, Chen W, Li J, Chen X, Rui R, Liu C, Sun Y, Liu L, Gong J, Yuan P. Body mass index and risk of breast cancer: a nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7480. [PMID: 25504309 PMCID: PMC4265780 DOI: 10.1038/srep07480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Body Mass Index (BMI) for Breast Cancer (BC) remains to be great interest for a long time. However, the precise effect of nonlinear dose-response for BMI and BC risk is still unclear. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the effect of BMI on BC risk. Twelve prospective studies with 4,699 cases identified among 426,199 participants and 25 studies of 22,809 cases identified among 1,155,110 participants in premenopausal and postmenopausal groups, respectively, were included in this meta-analysis. Significant non-linear dose-response (P < 0.001) association was identified between BMI and BC risk in postmenopausal women. Individuals with BMI of 25, 30, and 35 kg/m2 yielded relative risks (RRs) of 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–1.06], 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01–1.24), and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.07–1.50), respectively, when compared to the mean level of the normal BMI range. However, inverse result though not significant was observed in premenopausal women. In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis highlighted that obesity contributed to increased BC risk in a nonlinear dose-response manner in postmenopausal women, and it is important to realize that body weight control may be a crucial process to reduce BC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Molecular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment &Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) have been associated with many non-skeletal disorders. However, whether low 25(OH)D is the cause or result of ill health is not known. We did a systematic search of prospective and intervention studies that assessed the effect of 25(OH)D concentrations on non-skeletal health outcomes in individuals aged 18 years or older. We identified 290 prospective cohort studies (279 on disease occurrence or mortality, and 11 on cancer characteristics or survival), and 172 randomised trials of major health outcomes and of physiological parameters related to disease risk or inflammatory status. Investigators of most prospective studies reported moderate to strong inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiovascular diseases, serum lipid concentrations, inflammation, glucose metabolism disorders, weight gain, infectious diseases, multiple sclerosis, mood disorders, declining cognitive function, impaired physical functioning, and all-cause mortality. High 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with a lower risk of cancer, except colorectal cancer. Results from intervention studies did not show an effect of vitamin D supplementation on disease occurrence, including colorectal cancer. In 34 intervention studies including 2805 individuals with mean 25(OH)D concentration lower than 50 nmol/L at baseline supplementation with 50 μg per day or more did not show better results. Supplementation in elderly people (mainly women) with 20 μg vitamin D per day seemed to slightly reduce all-cause mortality. The discrepancy between observational and intervention studies suggests that low 25(OH)D is a marker of ill health. Inflammatory processes involved in disease occurrence and clinical course would reduce 25(OH)D, which would explain why low vitamin D status is reported in a wide range of disorders. In elderly people, restoration of vitamin D deficits due to ageing and lifestyle changes induced by ill health could explain why low-dose supplementation leads to slight gains in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Autier
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France; Strathclyde Institute of Global Public Health at International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France.
| | - Mathieu Boniol
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France; Strathclyde Institute of Global Public Health at International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Pizot
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mullie
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Jain R, Strickler HD, Fine E, Sparano JA. Clinical studies examining the impact of obesity on breast cancer risk and prognosis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:257-66. [PMID: 24221746 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and increased risk of recurrence in women who develop breast cancer. Evidence suggests that the risk of estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is increased in obese postmenopausal women, whereas in premenopausal women the risk of triple negative breast cancer is increased. Nonetheless, the presence of obesity at diagnosis, and possibly weight gain after diagnosis, may independently contribute to an individual's risk of recurrence of both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. Factors associated with adiposity that are likely contributing factors include hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and relative hyperestrogenemia. Some studies suggest that some aromatase inhibitors may be less effective in obese women than lean women. Clinical trials have evaluated pharmacologic (eg, metformin) and dietary/lifestyle interventions to reduce breast cancer recurrence, although these interventions have not been tested in obese women who may be most likely to benefit from them. Further research is required in order to identify adiposity-associated factors driving recurrence, and design clinical trials to specifically test interventions in obese women at highest risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Jain
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Dittus K, Geller B, Weaver DL, Kerlikowske K, Zhu W, Hubbard R, Braithwaite D, O'Meara ES, Miglioretti DL. Impact of mammography screening interval on breast cancer diagnosis by menopausal status and BMI. J Gen Intern Med 2013; 28:1454-62. [PMID: 23760741 PMCID: PMC3797353 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-013-2507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy remains regarding the frequency of screening mammography. Women with different risks for developing breast cancer because of body mass index (BMI) may benefit from tailored recommendations. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of mammography screening interval for women who are normal weight (BMI < 25), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), or obese (BMI ≥ 30), stratified by menopausal status. DESIGN Two cohorts selected from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Patient and mammography data were linked to pathology databases and tumor registries. PARTICIPANTS The cohort included 4,432 women aged 40-74 with breast cancer; the false-positive analysis included a cohort of 553,343 women aged 40-74 without breast cancer. MAIN MEASURES Stage, tumor size and lymph node status by BMI and screening interval (biennial vs. annual). Cumulative probability of false-positive recall or biopsy by BMI and screening interval. Analyses were stratified by menopausal status. KEY RESULTS Premenopausal obese women undergoing biennial screening had a non-significantly increased odds of a tumor size > 20 mm relative to annual screeners (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.997 to 4.30). Across all BMI categories from normal to obese, postmenopausal women with breast cancer did not present with higher stage, larger tumor size or node positive tumors if they received biennial rather than annual screening. False-positive recall and biopsy recommendations were more common among annually screened women. CONCLUSION The only negative outcome identified for biennial vs. annual screening was a larger tumor size (> 20 mm) among obese premenopausal women. Since annual mammography does not improve stage at diagnosis compared to biennial screening and false-positive recall/biopsy rates are higher with annual screening, women and their primary care providers should weigh the harms and benefits when deciding on annual versus biennial screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dittus
- Departments of Hematology/Oncology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Given E-214 89, Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA,
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Izano M, Satariano WA, Hiatt RA, Braithwaite D. The impact of functional limitations on long-term outcomes among African-American and white women with breast cancer: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003232. [PMID: 24114369 PMCID: PMC3796273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the impact of functional limitations and functional decline during the first year following breast cancer diagnosis on the risk of mortality from breast cancer and other causes among African-American and white women, respectively. DESIGN The Health and Functioning in Women (HFW) cohort study. SETTING Detroit, Michigan, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 162 African-American and 813 white women aged 40-84 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer identified through the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System over a 7-month period between 1984 and 1985 and followed for up to 28 years (median 11 years). OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of mortality from breast cancer and other causes. RESULTS Statistically significant increases in the risk of other-cause mortality were found for each unit increase in the number of self-reported functional limitations (HR=1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14), 0 vs ≥1 functional limitations (HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91), difficulty in pushing or pulling large objects (HR=1.34, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.73), writing or handling small objects (HR=1.56, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.44), and walking half a mile (HR=1.60, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.14). Functional limitations and functional decline did not explain racial disparities in the survival of this cohort. Functional decline was associated with increased risk of other-cause mortality in women with regional and remote disease but not in women with localised disease. Whereas measures of functional limitation were not associated with breast cancer-specific mortality, each unit of functional decline (HR=1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31) and decline in the ability to sit ≥1 h (HR=2.06, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.76) were associated with increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality. Measures of functional decline were associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality in overweight and obese women, but not in women of normal weight. CONCLUSIONS Whereas functional limitations were associated with increased risk of other-cause mortality, functional decline was associated with increased risk of breast cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Izano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A Satariano
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Inequalities in uptake of breast cancer screening in Spain: analysis of a cross-sectional national survey. Public Health 2013; 127:822-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Jiralerspong S, Kim ES, Dong W, Feng L, Hortobagyi GN, Giordano SH. Obesity, diabetes, and survival outcomes in a large cohort of early-stage breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2506-2514. [PMID: 23793035 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the relationship between obesity, diabetes, and survival in a large cohort of breast cancer patients receiving modern chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 6342 patients with stage I-III breast cancer treated between 1996 and 2005. Patients were evaluated according to body mass index (BMI) category and diabetes status. RESULTS In a multivariate model adjusted for body mass index, diabetes, medical comorbidities, patient- and tumor-related variables, and adjuvant therapies, relative to the normal weight, hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) for the overweight were 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.36], 1.20 (95% CI 1.00-1.42), and 1.21 (95% CI 0.98-1.48), respectively. HRs for RFS, OS, and BCSS for the obese were 1.13 (95% CI 0.98-1.31), 1.24 (95% CI 1.04-1.48), and 1.23 (95% CI 1.00-1.52), respectively. Subset analyses showed these differences were significant for the ER-positive, but not ER-negative or HER2-positive, groups. Relative to nondiabetics, HRs for diabetics for RFS, OS, and BCSS were 1.21 (95% CI 0.98-1.49), 1.39 (95% CI 1.10-1.77), and 1.04 (95% CI 0.75-1.45), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients receiving modern adjuvant therapies, obesity has a negative impact on RFS, OS, and BCSS; and diabetes has a negative impact on RFS and OS. Control of both may be important to improving survival in obese and diabetic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiralerspong
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
| | - E S Kim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester
| | - W Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - L Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - S H Giordano
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Houssami N, Abraham LA, Kerlikowske K, Buist DSM, Irwig L, Lee J, Miglioretti DL. Risk factors for second screen-detected or interval breast cancers in women with a personal history of breast cancer participating in mammography screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:946-61. [PMID: 23513042 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1208-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC) have increased risk of an interval cancer. We aimed to identify risk factors for second (ipsilateral or contralateral) screen-detected or interval breast cancer within 1 year of screening in PHBC women. METHODS Screening mammograms from women with history of early-stage breast cancer at Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium-affiliated facilities (1996-2008) were examined. Associations between woman-level, screen-level, and first cancer variables and the probability of a second breast cancer were modeled using multinomial logistic regression for three outcomes [screen-detected invasive breast cancer, interval invasive breast cancer, or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)] relative to no second breast cancer. RESULTS There were 697 second breast cancers, of these 240 were interval cancers, among 67,819 screens in 20,941 women. In separate models for women with DCIS or invasive first cancer, first breast cancer surgery predicted all three second breast cancer outcomes (P < 0.001), and high ORs for second breast cancers (between 1.95 and 4.82) were estimated for breast conservation without radiation (relative to mastectomy). In women with invasive first breast cancer, additional variables predicted risk (P < 0.05) for at least one of the three outcomes: first-degree family history, dense breasts, longer time between mammograms, young age at first breast cancer, first breast cancer stage, and adjuvant systemic therapy for first breast cancer; and risk of interval invasive breast cancer was highest in women <40 years at first breast cancer (OR, 3.41; 1.34-8.70), those with extremely dense breasts (OR, 2.55; 1.4-4.67), and those treated with breast conservation without radiation (OR, 2.67; 1.53-4.65). CONCLUSION Although the risk of a second breast cancer is modest, our models identify risk factors for interval second breast cancer in PHBC women. IMPACT Our findings may guide discussion and evaluations of tailored breast screening in PHBC women, and incorporating this information into clinical decision-making warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehmat Houssami
- Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health (A27), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Ductal carcinoma in situ: what the pathologist needs to know and why. Int J Breast Cancer 2013; 2013:914053. [PMID: 23476791 PMCID: PMC3580892 DOI: 10.1155/2013/914053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ is a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the ductolobular system of the breast. It is considered a pre-cursor lesion for invasive breast cancer and when identified patients are treated with some combination of surgery, +/− radiation therapy, and +/adjuvant tamoxifen. However, no good biomarkers exist that can predict with accuracy those cases of DCIS destined to progress to invasive disease or once treated those patients that are likely to suffer a recurrence; thus, in the era of screening mammography it seems likely that many patients with DCIS are overtreated. This paper details the parameters that should be included in a pathology report for a case of DClS with some explanations as to their importance for good clinical decision making.
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Cheraghi Z, Poorolajal J, Hashem T, Esmailnasab N, Doosti Irani A. Effect of body mass index on breast cancer during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51446. [PMID: 23236502 PMCID: PMC3517558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no universal consensus on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall effect of overweight and obesity on breast cancer risk during pre- and post-menopausal period. DATA SOURCES All major electronic databases were searched until April 2012 including Web of Knowledge, Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Furthermore, the reference lists and related scientific conference databases were searched. REVIEW METHODS All prospective cohort and case-control studies investigating the association between BMI and breast cancer were retrieved irrespective of publication date and language. Women were assessed irrespective of age, race and marital status. The exposure of interest was BMI. The primary outcome of interest was all kinds of breast cancers confirmed pathologically. Study quality was assessed using the checklist of STROBE. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two authors separately. The effect measure of choice was risk ratio (RR(i)) and rate ratio (RR(a)) for cohort studies and odds ratio (OR) in case-control studies. RESULTS Of 9163 retrieved studies, 50 studies were included in meta-analysis including 15 cohort studies involving 2,104,203 subjects and 3,414,806 person-years and 35 case-control studies involving 71,216 subjects. There was an inverse but non-significant correlation between BMI and breast cancer risk during premenopausal period: OR = 0.93 (95% CI 0.86, 1.02); RR(i) = 0.97 (95% CI 0.82, 1.16); and RR(a) = 0.99 (95% CI 0.94, 1.05), but a direct and significant correlation during postmenopausal period: OR = 1.15 (95% CI 1.07, 1.24); RR(i) = 1.16 (95% CI 1.08, 1.25); and RR(a) = 0.98 (95% CI 0.88, 1.09). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis showed that body mass index has no significant effect on the incidence of breast cancer during premenopausal period. On the other hand, overweight and obesity may have a minimal effect on breast cancer, although significant, but really small and not clinically so important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Cheraghi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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50
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Chang Y, Schechter CB, van Ravesteyn NT, Near AM, Heijnsdijk EAM, Adams-Campbell L, Levy D, de Koning HJ, Mandelblatt JS. Collaborative modeling of the impact of obesity on race-specific breast cancer incidence and mortality. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:823-35. [PMID: 23104221 PMCID: PMC3511695 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity affects multiple points along the breast cancer control continuum from prevention to screening and treatment, often in opposing directions. Obesity is also more prevalent in Blacks than Whites at most ages so it might contribute to observed racial disparities in mortality. We use two established simulation models from the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) to evaluate the impact of obesity on race-specific breast cancer outcomes. The models use common national data to inform parameters for the multiple US birth cohorts of Black and White women, including age- and race-specific incidence, competing mortality, mammography characteristics, and treatment effectiveness. Parameters are modified by obesity (BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) in conjunction with its age-, race-, cohort- and time-period-specific prevalence. We measure age-standardized breast cancer incidence and mortality and cases and deaths attributable to obesity. Obesity is more prevalent among Blacks than Whites until age 74; after age 74 it is more prevalent in Whites. The models estimate that the fraction of the US breast cancer cases attributable to obesity is 3.9-4.5 % (range across models) for Whites and 2.5-3.6 % for Blacks. Given the protective effects of obesity on risk among women <50 years, elimination of obesity in this age group could increase cases for both the races, but decrease cases for women ≥ 50 years. Overall, obesity accounts for 4.4-9.2 % and 3.1-8.4 % of the total number of breast cancer deaths in Whites and Blacks, respectively, across models. However, variations in obesity prevalence have no net effect on race disparities in breast cancer mortality because of the opposing effects of age on risk and patterns of age- and race-specific prevalence. Despite its modest impact on breast cancer control and race disparities, obesity remains one of the few known modifiable risks for cancer and other diseases, underlining its relevance as a public health target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojen Chang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, Suite 4100, Washington, DC 20007 USA
| | - Clyde B. Schechter
- Departments of Family & Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | | | - Aimee M. Near
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, Suite 4100, Washington, DC 20007 USA
| | | | - Lucile Adams-Campbell
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, Suite 4100, Washington, DC 20007 USA
| | - David Levy
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, Suite 4100, Washington, DC 20007 USA
| | | | - Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, Suite 4100, Washington, DC 20007 USA
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