1
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Alhasan BA, Morozov AV, Guzhova IV, Margulis BA. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the regulation of tumor dormancy and recurrence. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189119. [PMID: 38761982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is a mechanism triggered in sparse populations of cancer cells that usually remain in a quiescent state after strict stress and/or therapeutic factors, which is affected by a variety of autocrine and microenvironmental cues. Despite thorough investigations, the biology of dormant and/or cancer stem cells is still not fully elucidated, as for the mechanisms of their reawakening, while only the major molecular patterns driving the relapse process have been identified to date. These molecular patterns profoundly interfere with the elements of cellular proteostasis systems that support the efficiency of the recurrence process. As a major proteostasis machinery, we review the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in tumor cell dormancy and reawakening, devoting particular attention to the functions of its components, E3 ligases, deubiquitinating enzymes and proteasomes in cancer recurrence. We demonstrate how UPS components functionally or mechanistically interact with the pivotal proteins implicated in the recurrence program and reveal that modulators of the UPS hold promise to become an efficient adjuvant therapy for eradicating refractory tumor cells to impede tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar A Alhasan
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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2
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He L, Azizad D, Bhat K, Ioannidis A, Hoffmann CJ, Arambula E, Bhaduri A, Kornblum HI, Pajonk F. Radiation-Induced Cellular Plasticity: A Strategy for Combatting Glioblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593985. [PMID: 38798647 PMCID: PMC11118449 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the deadliest brain cancer in adults and almost all patients succumb to the tumor. While surgery followed by chemo-radiotherapy significantly delays disease progression, these treatments do not lead to long-term tumor control and targeted therapies or biologics have so far failed to further improve survival. Utilizing a transient radiation-induced state of multipotency we used the adenylcyclase activator forskolin to alter the cellular fate of glioma cells in response to radiation. The combined treatment induced the expression of neuronal markers in glioma cells, reduced proliferation and led to a distinct gene expression profile. scRNAseq revealed that the combined treatment forced glioma cells into a microglia- and neuron-like phenotypes. In vivo this treatment led to a loss of glioma stem cells and prolonged median survival in mouse models of glioblastoma. Collectively, our data suggest that revisiting a differentiation therapy with forskolin in combination with radiation could lead to clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
| | | | - Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Angeliki Ioannidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Carter J. Hoffmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Evelyn Arambula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- Department of Biological Chemistry at UCLA
| | - Harley I. Kornblum
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior at UCLA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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3
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Gao C, Jia K, Fang J, Zhu X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Yu X, Wang D, Gu H, Chen Z. CD95 promotes stemness of colorectal cancer cells by lncRNA MALAT1. Life Sci 2024; 338:122394. [PMID: 38159593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most fatal cancer. Many studies have shown that cancer stemness contributes to resistance to conventional chemotherapy and poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms involved in maintaining cancer stemness in CRC are still obscure and few clinical drugs were used to target cancer stemness. Previous studies had reported CD95 increases the stemness of cancer cells with long-term stimulation of exogenous agonist CD95 ligand (CD95L). However, the expression of CD95L is relative low in certain human tumor tissues. In this study, we found that CD95 was highly expressed in CRC cells, and in vitro it promoted the tumorsphere formation, chemotherapy resistance and in vivo tumor growth without stimulation of exogenous CD95L. Mechanistically, the bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing results suggested that CD95 promotes stemness of CRC cells through upregulation of long non-coding RNAs metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA MALAT1). MALAT1 knockdown inhibited CD95-induced tumorsphere formation and chemotherapy resistance. In summary, our findings reveal that CD95 has the capability to modulate cancer stemness via the action of the lncRNA MALAT1. Targeting CD95 may be a promising strategy to inhibit cancer stemness in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danting Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haochen Gu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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He L, Ioannidis A, Arambula E, Hoffman CJ, Joshi P, Kathiravan A, Whitelegge J, Liau LM, Kornblum HI, Pajonk F. Activation of the mevalonate pathway in response to anti-cancer treatments drives glioblastoma recurrences through activation of Rac-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.23.550205. [PMID: 37546917 PMCID: PMC10402033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.23.550205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the deadliest adult brain cancer. Under the current standard of care almost all patients succumb to the disease and novel treatments are urgently needed. Dopamine receptor antagonists have been shown to target cancer cell plasticity in GBM and repurposing these FDA-approved drugs in combination with radiation improves the efficacy of radiotherapy in glioma models. In cells surviving this combination treatment the mevalonate pathway is upregulated at the transcriptional and functional level. Here we report that glioblastoma treatments that converge in the immediate early response to radiation through activation of the MAPK cascade universally upregulate the mevalonate pathway and increase stemness of GBM cells through activation of the Rho-GTPase Rac-1. Activation of the mevalonate pathway and Rac-1 is inhibited by statins, which leads to improved survival in mouse models of glioblastoma when combined with radiation and drugs that target the glioma stem cell pool and plasticity of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Angeliki Ioannidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Evelyn Arambula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Carter J. Hoffman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Purva Joshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | | | - Julian Whitelegge
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Linda M. Liau
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Harley I. Kornblum
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
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5
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Kim Y, Kim EK, Chey Y, Song MJ, Jang HH. Targeted Protein Degradation: Principles and Applications of the Proteasome. Cells 2023; 12:1846. [PMID: 37508510 PMCID: PMC10378610 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-catalytic protease complex that is involved in protein quality control via three proteolytic activities (i.e., caspase-, trypsin-, and chymotrypsin-like activities). Most cellular proteins are selectively degraded by the proteasome via ubiquitination. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a critical process for maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we briefly summarize the structure of the proteasome, its regulatory mechanisms, proteins that regulate proteasome activity, and alterations to proteasome activity found in diverse diseases, chemoresistant cells, and cancer stem cells. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic modalities that use the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoona Chey
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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6
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Takenaka W, Yokoyama Y, Ikehata K, Kouda S, Hirose H, Minami K, Hamada Y, Mori S, Koizumi M, Yamamoto H. KRT13 is upregulated in pancreatic cancer stem-like cells and associated with radioresistance. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:284-293. [PMID: 36610719 PMCID: PMC10036105 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers and the seventh leading cause of cancer-associated death in the world. Radiation is performed as an adjuvant therapy as well as anti-cancer drugs. Because cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are considered to be radioresistant and cause recurrence and metastasis, understanding their properties is required for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. To investigate the CSC properties of pancreatic cancer cells, we used a pancreatic CSC model, degron (++) cells, which have low proteasome activity. Degron (++) cells displayed radioresistance in comparison with control cells. Using Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, we successfully identified KRT13 as a candidate gene responsible for radioresistance. Knockdown of KRT13 sensitized the degron (++) cells to radiation. Furthermore, a database search revealed that KRT13 is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and that high expression of KRT13 is associated with poorer prognosis. These results indicate that a combination therapy of KRT13 knockdown and radiation could hold therapeutic promise in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takenaka
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. Tel: +81-6-6879-2595; Fax: +81-6-6879-2595; E-mail:
| | - Katsuya Ikehata
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shihori Kouda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinosuke Hamada
- Department of Health Economics and Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata city, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Seiji Mori
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, 1-26-16 Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 559-8611, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koizumi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Zhang L, Feng X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ma Y, Gu Y, Guo G, Duan L, Lu L, Liang Y, Lawrence T, Huang R. A novel
ZsGreen
knock‐in melanoma cell line reveals the function of
CD11b
in tumor phagocytosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:691-704. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yingzhuo Shen
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yuang Ma
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Guo Guo
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Liangwei Duan
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners Centre, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
| | - Rong Huang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
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8
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Pérez-Núñez I, Rozalén C, Palomeque JÁ, Sangrador I, Dalmau M, Comerma L, Hernández-Prat A, Casadevall D, Menendez S, Liu DD, Shen M, Berenguer J, Ruiz IR, Peña R, Montañés JC, Albà MM, Bonnin S, Ponomarenko J, Gomis RR, Cejalvo JM, Servitja S, Marzese DM, Morey L, Voorwerk L, Arribas J, Bermejo B, Kok M, Pusztai L, Kang Y, Albanell J, Celià-Terrassa T. LCOR mediates interferon-independent tumor immunogenicity and responsiveness to immune-checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:355-370. [PMID: 35301507 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent corepressor (LCOR) mediates normal and malignant breast stem cell differentiation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) generate phenotypic heterogeneity and drive therapy resistance, yet their role in immunotherapy is poorly understood. Here we show that immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy selects for LCORlow CSCs with reduced antigen processing/presentation machinery (APM) driving immune escape and ICB resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We unveil an unexpected function of LCOR as a master transcriptional activator of APM genes binding to IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs) in an IFN signaling-independent manner. Through genetic modification of LCOR expression, we demonstrate its central role in modulation of tumor immunogenicity and ICB responsiveness. In TNBC, LCOR associates with ICB clinical response. Importantly, extracellular vesicle (EV) Lcor-messenger RNA therapy in combination with anti-PD-L1 overcame resistance and eradicated breast cancer metastasis in preclinical models. Collectively, these data support LCOR as a promising target for enhancement of ICB efficacy in TNBC, by boosting of tumor APM independently of IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pérez-Núñez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Rozalén
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ángel Palomeque
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Sangrador
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Dalmau
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Prat
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Casadevall
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Menendez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Dan Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jordi Berenguer
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Rius Ruiz
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Peña
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Montañés
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mar Albà
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Bonnin
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario; Medicine Department, Universidad de Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluis Morey
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario; Medicine Department, Universidad de Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Meyer F, Engel AM, Krause AK, Wagner T, Poole L, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Rothkamm K, Petersen C, Borgmann K. Efficient DNA Repair Mitigates Replication Stress Resulting in Less Immunogenic Cytosolic DNA in Radioresistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:765284. [PMID: 35280989 PMCID: PMC8913591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.765284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major cause of tumor therapy failure. This is mainly attributed to increased DNA repair capacity and immune escape. Recent studies have shown that functional DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) prevents radiation-induced accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the intracellular immune response. However, it is unclear whether CSCs can suppress radiation-induced cytoplasmic dsDNA formation. Here, we show that the increased radioresistance of ALDH1-positive breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in S phase is mediated by both enhanced DNA double-strand break repair and improved replication fork protection due to HR. Both HR-mediated processes lead to suppression of radiation-induced replication stress and consequently reduction of cytoplasmic dsDNA. The amount of cytoplasmic dsDNA correlated significantly with BCSC content (p=0.0002). This clearly indicates that HR-dependent avoidance of radiation-induced replication stress mediates radioresistance and contributes to its immune evasion. Consistent with this, enhancement of replication stress by inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3 related (ATR) resulted in significant radiosensitization (SER37 increase 1.7-2.8 Gy, p<0.0001). Therefore, disruption of HR-mediated processes, particularly in replication, opens a CSC-specific radiosensitization option by enhancing their intracellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Engel
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Kristin Krause
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wagner
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Poole
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kerstin Borgmann,
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10
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Murugan NJ, Voutsadakis IA. Proteasome regulators in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:38-54. [PMID: 35116102 PMCID: PMC8790418 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers with rising incidence. Despite progress in its treatment, with the introduction of more effective chemotherapy regimens in the last decade, prognosis of metastatic disease remains inferior to other cancers with long term survival being the exception. Molecular characterization of pancreatic cancer has elucidated the landscape of the disease and has revealed common lesions that contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis. Regulation of proteostasis is critical in cancers due to increased protein turnover required to support the intense metabolism of cancer cells. The proteasome is an integral part of this regulation and is regulated, in its turn, by key transcription factors, which induce transcription of proteasome structural units. These include FOXO family transcription factors, NFE2L2, hHSF1 and hHSF2, and NF-Y. Networks that encompass proteasome regulators and transduction pathways dysregulated in pancreatic cancer such as the KRAS/ BRAF/MAPK and the Transforming growth factor beta/SMAD pathway contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. This review discusses the proteasome and its transcription factors within the pancreatic cancer cellular micro-environment. We also consider the role of stemness in carcinogenesis and the use of proteasome inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Sainte Marie P6A3T6, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Sainte Marie P6A3T6, ON, Canada
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11
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Sung K, Hosoya K, Murase Y, Deguchi T, Kim S, Sunaga T, Okumura M. Visualizing the cancer stem-like properties of canine tumour cells with low proteasome activity. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:324-335. [PMID: 34719098 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) cause treatment failure in various tumours; however, establishing CSC-targeted therapies has been hampered by difficulties in the identification and isolation of this small sub-population of cells. Recent studies have revealed that tumour cells with low proteasome activity display a CSC phenotype that can be utilized to image CSCs in canines. This study visualizes and reveals the CSC-like properties of tumour cells with low proteasome activity in HMPOS (osteosarcoma) and MegTCC (transitional cell carcinoma), which are canine cell lines. The parent cells were genetically engineered to express ZsGreen1, a fluorescent protein connected to the carboxyl-terminal degron of canine ornithine decarboxylase that accumulates with low proteasome activity (ZsG+ cells). ZsG+ cells were imaged and the mode of action of this system was confirmed using a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132), which increased the ZsGreen1 fluorescence intensity. The CSC-like properties of ZsG+ cells were evaluated on the basis of cell divisions, cell cycle, the expression of CSC markers and tumourigenicity. ZsG+ cells underwent asymmetric divisions and had a low percentage of G0/G1 phase cells; moreover, ZsG+ cells expressed CSC markers such as CD133 and showed a large tumourigenic capability. In histopathological analysis, ZsG+ cells were widely distributed in the tumour samples derived from ZsG+ cells and in the proliferative regions of the tumours. The results of this study indicate that visualized canine tumour cells with low proteasome activity have a CSC-like phenotype and that this visualization system can be utilized to identify and isolate canine CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koangyong Sung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Deguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sunaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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The metabolic flexibility of quiescent CSC: implications for chemotherapy resistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:835. [PMID: 34482364 PMCID: PMC8418609 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quiescence has been observed in stem cells (SCs), including adult SCs and cancer SCs (CSCs). Conventional chemotherapies mostly target proliferating cancer cells, while the quiescent state favors CSCs escape to chemotherapeutic drugs, leaving risks for tumor recurrence or metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides various signals that maintain resident quiescent CSCs, protect them from immune surveillance, and facilitates their recurrence potential. Since the TME has the potential to support and initiate stem cell-like programs in cancer cells, targeting the TME components may prove to be a powerful modality for the treatment of chemotherapy resistance. In addition, an increasing number of studies have discovered that CSCs exhibit the potential of metabolic flexibility when metabolic substrates are limited, and display increased robustness in response to stress. Accompanied by chemotherapy that targets proliferative cancer cells, treatments that modulate CSC quiescence through the regulation of metabolic pathways also show promise. In this review, we focus on the roles of metabolic flexibility and the TME on CSCs quiescence and further discuss potential treatments of targeting CSCs and the TME to limit chemotherapy resistance.
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13
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Galeaz C, Totis C, Bisio A. Radiation Resistance: A Matter of Transcription Factors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662840. [PMID: 34141616 PMCID: PMC8204019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, radiation therapy is one of the standard therapies for cancer treatment. Since the first applications, the field of radiotherapy has constantly improved, both in imaging technologies and from a dose-painting point of view. Despite this, the mechanisms of resistance are still a great problem to overcome. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of these molecular mechanisms will allow researchers to develop new therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer effectively. This review focuses on different transcription factors activated in response to radiotherapy and, unfortunately, involved in cancer cells’ survival. In particular, ionizing radiations trigger the activation of the immune modulators STAT3 and NF-κB, which contribute to the development of radiation resistance through the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, the promotion of proliferation, the alteration of the cell cycle, and the induction of genes responsible for the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Moreover, the ROS-dependent damaging effects of radiation therapy are hampered by the induction of antioxidant enzymes by NF-κB, NRF2, and HIF-1. This protective process results in a reduced effectiveness of the treatment, whose mechanism of action relies mainly on the generation of free oxygen radicals. Furthermore, the previously mentioned transcription factors are also involved in the maintenance of stemness in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that are intrinsically resistant to anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, combining standard treatments with new therapeutic strategies targeted against these transcription factors may be a promising opportunity to avoid resistance and thus tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galeaz
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Totis
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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14
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Witte KE, Hertel O, Windmöller BA, Helweg LP, Höving AL, Knabbe C, Busche T, Greiner JFW, Kalinowski J, Noll T, Mertzlufft F, Beshay M, Pfitzenmaier J, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Banz-Jansen C, Simon M. Nanopore Sequencing Reveals Global Transcriptome Signatures of Mitochondrial and Ribosomal Gene Expressions in Various Human Cancer Stem-like Cell Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051136. [PMID: 33800955 PMCID: PMC7962028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. In particular, so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in disease progression, as they are known to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, CSCs are heavily investigated in a broad range of cancers. Nevertheless, global transcriptomic profiling of CSC populations derived from different tumor types is rare. We established three CSC populations from tumors in the uterus, brain, lung, and prostate and assessed their global transcriptomes using nanopore full-length cDNA sequencing, a new technique to assess insights into global gene profile. We observed common expression in all CSCs for distinct genes encoding proteins for organelles, such as ribosomes, mitochondria, and proteasomes. Additionally, we detected high expressions of inflammation- and immunity-related genes. Conclusively, we observed high similarities between all CSCs independent of their tumor of origin, which may build the basis for identifying novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial mediators of tumor growth, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence in a broad variety of human cancers. Although their biology is increasingly investigated within the distinct types of cancer, direct comparisons of CSCs from different tumor types allowing comprehensive mechanistic insights are rarely assessed. In the present study, we isolated CSCs from endometrioid carcinomas, glioblastoma multiforme as well as adenocarcinomas of lung and prostate and assessed their global transcriptomes using full-length cDNA nanopore sequencing. Despite the expression of common CSC markers, principal component analysis showed a distinct separation of the CSC populations into three clusters independent of the specific type of tumor. However, GO-term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed upregulated genes related to ribosomal biosynthesis, the mitochondrion, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolytic pathways, as well as the proteasome, suggesting a great extent of metabolic flexibility in CSCs. Interestingly, the GO term “NF-kB binding” was likewise found to be elevated in all investigated CSC populations. In summary, we here provide evidence for high global transcriptional similarities between CSCs from various tumors, which particularly share upregulated gene expression associated with mitochondrial and ribosomal activity. Our findings may build the basis for identifying novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya E. Witte
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5629
| | - Oliver Hertel
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (O.H.); (T.N.)
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Beatrice A. Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Thomas Noll
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (O.H.); (T.N.)
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Fritz Mertzlufft
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Scientific Director of the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Morris Beshay
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department for Thoracic Surgery and Pneumology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jesco Pfitzenmaier
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology and Center for Computer-Assisted and Robotic Urology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Constanze Banz-Jansen
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
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Abstract
Only a small fraction of the tumor cell population, glioma-initiating cells (GICs) help glioblastoma propagate, invade, evade immune recognition, repair DNA in response to radiation more efficiently, remodel the microenvironment for optimal growth, and actively pump out chemotherapies. Recent data hint that efforts toward GIC characterization and quantification can help predict patient outcomes, and yet the different subpopulations of GICs remain incompletely understood. A better understanding of GIC subtypes and functions proves critical for engineering targeted therapies. Challenges for doing so are discussed, and dopamine receptor antagonists are introduced as new means to enhance the efficacy of the current standard-of-care against GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Muftuoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza Driveway, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Although common cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have recently improved and yielded good results, evaluated as tumor shrinkage, disease recurrence is still a common event for most cancer patients. This is termed refractory cancer. This tumor regrowth following therapy is generally thought to be caused by a small, specific population of tumor cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Similar to other stem cells, CSCs have the capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, and they have been identified in many tumor types based on cell surface protein expression. This specific cell population has stemness characteristics as examined by serial transplantation in animal models. Previous studies have developed a specific signature of cell surface markers and biological functions that can identify CSCs in many solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the characterization of CSCs using new techniques for identifying and quantifying them in situ. These techniques and concepts could be valuable for evaluating the effects of therapies on this cell population. Finally, we conclude by discussing several unique preclinical treatment strategies to targets CSCs, such as reprogramming CSCs or inducing attack by immune cells. Therapeutic and diagnostic methodologies that can target and quantify CSCs will be valuable tools for eradicating refractory cancer.
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17
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He L, Bhat K, Duhacheck-Muggy S, Ioannidis A, Zhang L, Nguyen NT, Moatamed NA, Pajonk F. Tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling modulates carcinogenesis in a mouse model of breast cancer. Neoplasia 2020; 23:197-209. [PMID: 33383310 PMCID: PMC7779542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory conditions have long been associated with mammary carcinogenesis and breast cancer progression. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood but signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα through its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 is a major mediator of inflammation in both obesity and in the response of tissues to radiation, 2 known risk factors for the development of breast cancer. Here, we demonstrated the loss of one TNFR2 allele led to ductal hyperplasia in the mammary gland with increased numbers of mammary epithelial stem cell and terminal end buds. Furthermore, loss of one TNFR2 allele increased the incidence of breast cancer in MMTV-Wnt1 mice and resulted in tumors with a more aggressive phenotype and metastatic potential. The underlying mechanisms include a preferential activation of canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and autocrine production of TNFα. Analysis of the TCGA dataset indicated inferior overall survival for patients with down-regulated TNFR2 expression. These findings unravel the imbalances in TNFR signaling promote the development and progression of breast cancer, indicating that selective agonists of TNFR2 could potentially modulate the risk for breast cancer in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Duhacheck-Muggy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angeliki Ioannidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nhan T Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Berghoff AS, Liao Y, Karreman MA, Ilhan-Mutlu A, Gunkel K, Sprick MR, Eisen C, Kessler T, Osswald M, Wünsche S, Feinauer M, Gril B, Marmé F, Michel LL, Bago-Horvath Z, Sahm F, Becker N, Breckwoldt MO, Solecki G, Gömmel M, Huang L, Rübmann P, Thome CM, Ratliff M, Trumpp A, Steeg PS, Preusser M, Wick W, Winkler F. Identification and Characterization of Cancer Cells That Initiate Metastases to the Brain and Other Organs. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:688-701. [PMID: 33443114 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Specific biological properties of those circulating cancer cells that are the origin of brain metastases (BM) are not well understood. Here, single circulating breast cancer cells were fate-tracked during all steps of the brain metastatic cascade in mice after intracardial injection over weeks. A novel in vivo two-photon microscopy methodology was developed that allowed to determine the specific cellular and molecular features of breast cancer cells that homed in the brain, extravasated, and successfully established a brain macrometastasis. Those BM-initiating breast cancer cells (BMIC) were mainly originating from a slow-cycling subpopulation that included only 16% to 20% of all circulating cancer cells. BMICs showed enrichment of various markers of cellular stemness. As a proof of principle for the principal usefulness of this approach, expression profiling of BMICs versus non-BMICs was performed, which revealed upregulation of NDRG1 in the slow-cycling BMIC subpopulation in one BM model. Here, BM development was completely suppressed when NDRG1 expression was downregulated. In accordance, in primary human breast cancer, NDRG1 expression was heterogeneous, and high NDRG1 expression was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival. In conclusion, our data identify temporary slow-cycling breast cancer cells as the dominant source of brain and other metastases and demonstrates that this can lead to better understanding of BMIC-relevant pathways, including potential new approaches to prevent BM in patients. IMPLICATIONS: Cancer cells responsible for successful brain metastasis outgrowth are slow cycling and harbor stemness features. The molecular characteristics of these metastasis-initiating cells can be studied using intravital microscopy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Berghoff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yunxiang Liao
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthia A Karreman
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Gunkel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Eisen
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Osswald
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wünsche
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Feinauer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda; Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Frederic Marmé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura L Michel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Becker
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Gömmel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lulu Huang
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Rübmann
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina M Thome
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda; Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Trash Talk: Mammalian Proteasome Regulation at the Transcriptional Level. Trends Genet 2020; 37:160-173. [PMID: 32988635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The key to a healthy mammalian cell lies in properly functioning proteolytic machineries called proteasomes. The proteasomes are multisubunit complexes that catalyze the degradation of unwanted proteins and also control half-lives of key cellular regulatory factors. Aberrant proteasome activity is often associated with human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration, and so an in-depth understanding of how it is regulated has implications for potential disease interventions. Transcriptional regulation of the proteasome can dictate its abundance and also influence its function, assembly, and location. This ensures proper proteasomal activity in response to developmental cues and to physiological conditions such as starvation and oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight and discuss the roles of the transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of the mammalian proteasome.
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20
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Targeting poor proteasomal function with radioiodine eliminates CT26 colon cancer stem cells resistant to bortezomib therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14308. [PMID: 32868872 PMCID: PMC7459321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that tumor response to conventional bortezomib (BTZ) treatment is enhanced by targeted radiotherapy of resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have characteristically poor proteasome function. This was accomplished by augmenting 131I uptake through expression of a sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) fusion protein that accumulates in cells with low proteasome activity. The NIS gene fused with the C-terminal of ornithine decarboxylase degron (NIS-cODC) was cloned. Stably expressing CT26/NIS-cODC cells and tumorsphere-derived CSCs were evaluated for NIS expression and radioiodine uptake. CT26/NIS-cODC cells implanted into mice underwent PET imaging, and tumor-bearing mice were treated with BTZ alone or with BTZ plus 131I. CT26/NIS-cODC cells accumulated NIS protein, which led to high radioiodine uptake when proteasome activity was inhibited or after enrichment for stemness. The cell population that survived BTZ treatment was enriched with CSCs that were susceptible to 131I treatment, which suppressed stemness features. Positron emission tomography and uptake measurements confirmed high 124I and 131I uptake of CT26/NIS-cODC CSCs implanted in living mice. In CT26/NIS-cODC tumor-bearing mice, whereas BTZ treatment modestly retarded tumor growth and increased stemness markers, combining 131I therapy suppressed stemness features and achieved greater antitumor effects. The NIS-cODC system offer radioiodine-targeted elimination of CSCs that are tolerant to proteasome inhibition therapy.
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21
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Ghaffari H, Atashzar MR, Abdollahi H. Molecular imaging in tracking cancer stem cells: A review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:90. [PMID: 33306061 PMCID: PMC7711048 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have critical roles in tumor development, progression, and recurrence. They are responsible for current cancer treatment failure and remain questionable for the design and development of new therapeutic strategies. With this issue, medical imaging provides several clues for finding biological mechanisms and strategies to treat CSCs. This review aims to summarize current molecular imaging approaches for detecting CSCs. In addition, some promising issues for CSCs finding and explaining biological mechanisms have been addressed. Among the molecular imaging approaches, modalities including Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have the greatest roles and several new approaches such as optical imaging are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghaffari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Radiologic Sciences and Medical Physics, School of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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Genotypic Regulation of Type I Interferon Induction Pathways by Frameshift (F) Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00312-20. [PMID: 32434887 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00312-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has evolved mechanisms to evade innate immunity that are leading to chronic infections. The immunological function of the HCV frameshift (F) protein, which is a frameshift product of core coding sequences, has not been well characterized. The HCV F protein is produced during natural HCV infections and is found most commonly in genotype 1 HCV. In this study, we investigated whether the F protein plays a role in type I interferon (IFN) induction pathways. We engineered F expression constructs from core coding sequences of 4 genotypes (1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a) of HCV as well as the sequences which would only be able to produce core proteins. The peptide lengths and amino acids sequences of F proteins are highly variable. We hypothesized that F proteins from different genotypes might control the type I IFN production and response differently. We found that both IFN-beta (IFN-β) promoter activities are significantly higher in genotype 1a F protein (F1a)-expressing cells. Conversely, the IFN-β promoter activities are lower in genotype 2a F (F2a) protein-expressing cells. We also used real-time PCR to confirm IFN-β mRNA expression levels. By generating chimera F proteins, we discovered that the effects of F proteins were determined by the amino acid sequence 40 to 57 of genotype 1a. The regulation of type I IFN induction pathway is related but not limited to the activity of F1a to interact with proteasome subunits and to disturb the proteasome activity. Further molecular mechanisms of how F proteins from different genotypes of HCV control these pathways differently remain to be investigated.IMPORTANCE Although naturally present in HCV infection patient serum, the virological or immunological functions of the HCV F protein, which is a frameshift product of core coding sequences, remain unclear. Here, we report the effects of the HCV F protein between genotypes and discuss a potential explanation for the differential responses to type I IFN-based therapy among patients infected with different genotypes of HCV. Our study provides one step forward to understanding the host response during HCV infection and new insights for the prediction of the outcome of IFN-based therapy in HCV patients.
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23
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Olivares-Urbano MA, Griñán-Lisón C, Marchal JA, Núñez MI. CSC Radioresistance: A Therapeutic Challenge to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071651. [PMID: 32660072 PMCID: PMC7407195 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a modality of oncologic treatment that can be used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and therapeutic targeting. Despite the technological advances in RT, which allow a more precise delivery of radiation while progressively minimizing the impact on normal tissues, issues like radioresistance and tumor recurrence remain important challenges. Tumor heterogeneity is responsible for the variation in the radiation response of the different tumor subpopulations. A main factor related to radioresistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) inside tumors, which are responsible for metastases, relapses, RT failure, and a poor prognosis in cancer patients. The plasticity of CSCs, a process highly dependent on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated to cell dedifferentiation, complicates the identification and eradication of CSCs and it might be involved in disease relapse and progression after irradiation. The tumor microenvironment and the interactions of CSCs with their niches also play an important role in the response to RT. This review provides a deep insight into the characteristics and radioresistance mechanisms of CSCs and into the role of CSCs and tumor microenvironment in both the primary tumor and metastasis in response to radiation, and the radiobiological principles related to the CSC response to RT. Finally, we summarize the major advances and clinical trials on the development of CSC-based therapies combined with RT to overcome radioresistance. A better understanding of the potential therapeutic targets for CSC radiosensitization will provide safer and more efficient combination strategies, which in turn will improve the live expectancy and curability of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-249321 (J.A.M.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-249321 (J.A.M.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
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24
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Liu Y, Yang M, Luo J, Zhou H. Radiotherapy targeting cancer stem cells "awakens" them to induce tumour relapse and metastasis in oral cancer. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:19. [PMID: 32576817 PMCID: PMC7311531 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments for oral cancer. However, in the clinic, recurrence and metastasis of oral cancer occur after radiotherapy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), considered the “seeds” of cancer, have been confirmed to be in a quiescent state in most established tumours, with their innate radioresistance helping them survive more easily when exposed to radiation than differentiated cancer cells. There is increasing evidence that CSCs play an important role in recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy in many cancers. However, little is known about how oral CSCs cause tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy. In this review article, we will first summarise methods for the identification of oral CSCs and then focus on the characteristics of a CSC subpopulation induced by radiation, hereafter referred to as “awakened” CSCs, to highlight their response to radiotherapy and potential role in tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy as well as potential therapeutics targeting CSCs. In addition, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting these “awakened” CSCs to solve the serious clinical challenges of recurrence and metastasis in oral cancer after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Do ASMS, Amano T, Edwards LA, Zhang L, De Peralta-Venturina M, Yu JS. CD133 mRNA-Loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccination Abrogates Glioma Stem Cell Propagation in Humanized Glioblastoma Mouse Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:295-303. [PMID: 32728617 PMCID: PMC7378271 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are initiating cells of cancer and propagate its growth through self-renewal and differentiation of its daughter cells. CD133 is a cell surface antigen that is present on glioma stem cells and has been used to prospectively isolate glioma stem cells. We hypothesized that a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent and long-lasting immune response against CD133 could be generated by transfecting CD133 mRNA into dendritic cells and vaccinating animals with experimental gliomas. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel humanized mouse model using CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells. We confirmed the robust simultaneous activation of CD8- and CD4-positive T cells by dendritic cell vaccination with modified CD133 mRNA leading to a potent and long-lived immune response, with subsequent abrogation of CD133-positive glioma stem cell propagation and tumor growth. This study for the first time demonstrates in both a humanized mouse model and in a syngeneic mouse model of glioblastoma that targeting a glioma stem cell-associated antigen is an effective strategy to target and kill glioma stem cells. This novel and simple humanized mouse model for immunotherapy is a significant advance in our ability to test human-specific immunotherapies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Amano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lincoln A Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Bhat K, Saki M, Vlashi E, Cheng F, Duhachek-Muggy S, Alli C, Yu G, Medina P, He L, Damoiseaux R, Pellegrini M, Zemke NR, Nghiemphu PL, Cloughesy TF, Liau LM, Kornblum HI, Pajonk F. The dopamine receptor antagonist trifluoperazine prevents phenotype conversion and improves survival in mouse models of glioblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11085-11096. [PMID: 32358191 PMCID: PMC7245100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920154117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest adult brain cancer, and all patients ultimately succumb to the disease. Radiation therapy (RT) provides survival benefit of 6 mo over surgery alone, but these results have not improved in decades. We report that radiation induces a glioma-initiating cell phenotype, and we have identified trifluoperazine (TFP) as a compound that interferes with this phenotype conversion. TFP causes loss of radiation-induced Nanog mRNA expression, and activation of GSK3 with consecutive posttranslational reduction in p-Akt, Sox2, and β-catenin protein levels. TFP did not alter the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of glioma-initiating cells (GICs). Continuous treatment with TFP and a single dose of radiation reduced the number of GICs in vivo and prolonged survival in syngeneic and patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models of GBM. Our findings suggest that the combination of a dopamine receptor antagonist with radiation enhances the efficacy of RT in GBM by preventing radiation-induced phenotype conversion of radiosensitive non-GICs into treatment-resistant, induced GICs (iGICs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mohammad Saki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sara Duhachek-Muggy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Claudia Alli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Garrett Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Paul Medina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nathan R Zemke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Phioanh Leia Nghiemphu
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Linda M Liau
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Neuropsychiatric Institute-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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27
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Azizi M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Salehi R, Farshbaf M, Iyengar D, Sau S, Iyer AK, Valizadeh H, Mehrmohammadi M, Hamblin MR. Interactions Between Tumor Biology and Targeted Nanoplatforms for Imaging Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910402. [PMID: 34093104 PMCID: PMC8174103 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve, and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Perhaps the best hope for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase the current understanding of tumor biology, and will allow nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Owing to their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, nanostructures (NSs) are valuable tools that have received much attention in nanoimaging. Consequently, rationally designed NSs have been successfully employed in cancer imaging for targeting cancer-specific or cancer-associated molecules and pathways. This review categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, and also highlights some new safe approaches involving membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells in the hope of developing more precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Proteomics Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665621, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 6581151656, Iran
| | - Disha Iyengar
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Arnold CR, Mangesius J, Skvortsova II, Ganswindt U. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Radiation Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:164. [PMID: 32154167 PMCID: PMC7044409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a distinct subpopulation within a tumor. They are able to self-renew and differentiate and possess a high capability to repair DNA damage, exhibit low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proliferate slowly. These features render CSC resistant to various therapies, including radiation therapy (RT). Eradication of all CSC is a requirement for an effective antineoplastic treatment and is therefore of utmost importance for the patient. This makes CSC the prime targets for any therapeutic approach. Albeit clinical data is still scarce, experimental data and first clinical trials give hope that CSC-targeted treatment has the potential to improve antineoplastic therapies, especially for tumors that are known to be treatment resistant, such as glioblastoma. In this review, we will discuss CSC in the context of RT, describe known mechanisms of resistance, examine the possibilities of CSC as biomarkers, and discuss possible new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Reinhold Arnold
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Mangesius
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Braganhol E, Wink MR, Lenz G, Battastini AMO. Purinergic Signaling in Glioma Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:87-108. [PMID: 32034710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the pathological alterations that give tumor cells invasive potential, purinergic signaling is emerging as an important component. Studies performed in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo glioma models indicate that alterations in the purinergic signaling are involved in the progression of these tumors. Gliomas have low expression of all E-NTPDases, when compared to astrocytes in culture. Nucleotides induce glioma proliferation and ATP, although potentially neurotoxic, does not evoke cytotoxic action on the majority of glioma cells in culture. The importance of extracellular ATP for glioma pathobiology was confirmed by the reduction in glioma tumor size by apyrase, which degrades extracellular ATP to AMP, and the striking increase in tumor size by over-expression of an ecto-enzyme that degrades ATP to ADP, suggesting the effect of extracellular ATP on the tumor growth depends on the nucleotide produced by its degradation. The participation of purinergic receptors on glioma progression, particularly P2X7, is involved in the resistance to ATP-induced cell death. Although more studies are necessary, the purinergic signaling, including ectonucleotidases and receptors, may be considered as future target for glioma pharmacological or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizandra Braganhol
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão S/N Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, CEP 96010900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica, IB e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Av. Bento Goncalves, Porto Alegre, 61501970, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2600-anexo Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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30
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Chua BA, Van Der Werf I, Jamieson C, Signer RAJ. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Homeostatic, Stressed, and Malignant Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:138-159. [PMID: 32032524 PMCID: PMC7158223 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular identity is not driven by differences in genomic content but rather by epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic heterogeneity. Although regulation of the epigenome plays a key role in shaping stem cell hierarchies, differential expression of transcripts only partially explains protein abundance. The epitranscriptome, translational control, and protein degradation have emerged as fundamental regulators of proteome complexity that regulate stem cell identity and function. Here, we discuss how post-transcriptional mechanisms enable stem cell homeostasis and responsiveness to developmental cues and environmental stressors by rapidly shaping the content of their proteome and how these processes are disrupted in pre-malignant and malignant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette A Chua
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA
| | - Inge Van Der Werf
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA; Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catriona Jamieson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA; Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Robert A J Signer
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093 USA.
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Lin L, Yi L, Zhao F, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Li N, Lin JM, Sun J. ATP-responsive mitochondrial probes for monitoring metabolic processes of glioma stem cells in a 3D model. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2744-2749. [PMID: 34084333 PMCID: PMC8157640 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is always accompanied by elevated levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as well as the alterntion of energy metabolism to support their differentiation and migration. Here we propose a 3D microfluidic tumor model coupled with an ATP-responsive mitochondrial probe (AMP) for investigation of metabolic processes of glioma stem cells (GSCs). The 3D tumor model has a middle matrix gel microchannel mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is sandwiched between a GSC culture chamber and a stimulation chamber. The AMPs consist of structure-switching ATP aptamers and triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-conjugated peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). Under TGF-β stimulation, invasive migration of GSCs accompanied by a high ATP level and spindle mesenchymal morphologies is observed due to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, acidic stress can keep GSCs in a low-energy state, while long-term low pH stimulation screens out more malignant glioma cells. This AMP-assisted 3D microfluidic tumor model provides a tremendous opportunity for studying the biological properties of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Linglu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Fanghao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zengnan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
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Chen YC, Sahoo S, Brien R, Jung S, Humphries B, Lee W, Cheng YH, Zhang Z, Luker KE, Wicha MS, Luker GD, Yoon E. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of migratory breast cancer cells: discovering genes associated with cancer metastasis. Analyst 2019; 144:7296-7309. [PMID: 31710321 PMCID: PMC8942075 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests breast cancer metastasis arises from cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Using a microfluidic device that enriches migratory breast cancer cells with enhanced capacity for tumor formation and metastasis, we identified genes differentially expressed in migratory cells by high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing. Migratory cells exhibited overall signatures of EMT and CSCs with variable expression of marker genes, and they retained expression profiles of EMT over time. With single-cell resolution, we discovered intermediate EMT states and distinct epithelial and mesenchymal sub-populations of migratory cells, indicating breast cancer cells can migrate rapidly while retaining an epithelial state. Migratory cells showed differential profiles for regulators of oxidative stress, mitochondrial morphology, and the proteasome, revealing potential vulnerabilities and unexpected consequences of drugs. We also identified novel genes correlated with cell migration and outcomes in breast cancer as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to block migratory cells in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
- Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Riley Brien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Seungwon Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Brock Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Yu-Heng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Wang CY, Chang CY, Wang CY, Liu K, Kang CY, Lee YJ, Chen WR. N-Dihydrogalactochitosan Potentiates the Radiosensitivity of Liver Metastatic Tumor Cells Originated from Murine Breast Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225581. [PMID: 31717306 PMCID: PMC6888949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a widely used therapeutic method for treating breast cancer. N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), a biocompatible immunostimulant, is known to enhance the effects of various treatment modalities in different tumor types. However, whether GC can enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells remains to be explored. In this study, triple-negative murine 4T1 breast cancer cells transduced with multi-reporter genes were implanted in immunocompetent Balb/C mice to track, dissect, and identify liver-metastatic 4T1 cells. These cells expressed cancer stem cell (CSC) -related characteristics, including the ability to form spheroids, the expression of the CD44 marker, and the increase of protein stability. We then ex vivo investigated the potential effect of GC on the radiosensitivity of the liver-metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells and compared the results to those of parental 4T1 cells subjected to the same treatment. The cells were irradiated with increased doses of X-rays with or without GC treatment. Colony formation assays were then performed to determine the survival fractions and radiosensitivity of these cells. We found that GC preferably increased the radiosensitivity of liver-metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells rather than that of the parental cells. Additionally, the single-cell DNA electrophoresis assay (SCDEA) and γ-H2AX foci assay were performed to assess the level of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Compared to the parental cells, DNA damage was significantly increased in liver-metastatic 4T1 cells after they were treated with GC plus radiation. Further studies on apoptosis showed that this combination treatment increased the sub-G1 population of cells, but not caspase-3 cleavage, in liver-metastatic breast cancer cells. Taken together, the current data suggest that the synergistic effects of GC and irradiation might be used to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in treating metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yih Wang
- Radiotherapy, Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Kaili Liu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA;
| | - Chia-Yun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (W.R.C.); Tel.: +886-960-429508 (Y.-J.L.); +1-212-2192879 (W.R.C.)
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (W.R.C.); Tel.: +886-960-429508 (Y.-J.L.); +1-212-2192879 (W.R.C.)
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Zhang L, Bailleul J, Yazal T, Dong K, Sung D, Dao A, Gosa L, Nathanson D, Bhat K, Duhachek-Muggy S, Alli C, Dratver MB, Pajonk F, Vlashi E. PK-M2-mediated metabolic changes in breast cancer cells induced by ionizing radiation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:75-86. [PMID: 31372790 PMCID: PMC6790295 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) constitutes an important part of breast cancer treatment. However, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) exhibit remarkable resistance to most therapies, including RT. Developing new ways to radiosensitize TNBC cells could result in improved patient outcomes. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK-M2) is believed to be responsible for the re-wiring of cancer cell metabolism after oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on PK-M2-mediated metabolic changes in TNBC cells, and their survival. In addition, we determine the effect of PK-M2 activators on breast cancer stem cells, a radioresistant subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells. METHODS Glucose uptake, lactate production, and glutamine consumption were assessed. The cellular localization of PK-M2 was evaluated by western blot and confocal microscopy. The small molecule activator of PK-M2, TEPP46, was used to promote its pyruvate kinase function. Finally, effects on cancer stem cell were evaluated via sphere forming capacity. RESULTS Exposure of TNBC cells to IR increased their glucose uptake and lactate production. As expected, PK-M2 expression levels also increased, especially in the nucleus, although overall pyruvate kinase activity was decreased. PK-M2 nuclear localization was shown to be associated with breast cancer stem cells, and activation of PK-M2 by TEPP46 depleted this population. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy can induce metabolic changes in TNBC cells, and these changes seem to be mediated, at least in part by PK-M2. Importantly, our results show that activators of PK-M2 can deplete breast cancer stem cells in vitro. This study supports the idea of combining PK-M2 activators with radiation to enhance the effect of radiotherapy in resistant cancers, such as TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Justine Bailleul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Taha Yazal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Kevin Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - David Sung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Amy Dao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Laura Gosa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Sara Duhachek-Muggy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Claudia Alli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Milana Bochkur Dratver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Miyoshi N, Mizushima T, Doki Y, Mori M. Cancer stem cells in relation to treatment. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:232-237. [PMID: 30541049 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can initially show good results and tumor shrinkage; however, for most cancer patients disease recurrence is a common event. This tumor regrowth following therapy is now thought to depend on a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which, similar to other stem cells, have the capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Cancer stem cells have been identified based on cell surface protein expression in many tumor types, and for all diseases studied, this specific cell population is required for serial transplantation in animal models. However, a specific signature of cell surface proteins that can identify cancer stem cells has not been developed for many solid tumors. In this review, we summarize a new technique for identifying and quantifying cancer stem cells in situ, which could be a valuable technique for evaluating the effects of therapies on this cell population. Finally, we conclude by discussing several preclinical treatment strategies that either reprogram cancer stem cells or cause them to be specifically attacked by immune cells. In summary, therapeutic and diagnostic methodologies that can attack and quantify cancer stem cells, respectively, will be valuable tools for eradicating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Morozov AV, Karpov VL. Proteasomes and Several Aspects of Their Heterogeneity Relevant to Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:761. [PMID: 31456945 PMCID: PMC6700291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The life of every organism is dependent on the fine-tuned mechanisms of protein synthesis and breakdown. The degradation of most intracellular proteins is performed by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Proteasomes are central elements of the UPS and represent large multisubunit protein complexes directly responsible for the protein degradation. Accumulating data indicate that there is an intriguing diversity of cellular proteasomes. Different proteasome forms, containing different subunits and attached regulators have been described. In addition, proteasomes specific for a particular tissue were identified. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the proper functioning of the UPS in general, and proteasomes in particular. At the same time, the information regarding the role of different proteasome forms in cancer is limited. This review describes the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes, their association with cancer as well as several established and novel proteasome-directed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Morozov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim L Karpov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Peitzsch C, Nathansen J, Schniewind SI, Schwarz F, Dubrovska A. Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Identification, Characterization and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050616. [PMID: 31052565 PMCID: PMC6562868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Despite advances in the treatment management, locally advanced disease has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. The growth of HNSCC is maintained by a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which possess unlimited self-renewal potential and induce tumor regrowth if not completely eliminated by therapy. The population of CSCs is not only a promising target for tumor treatment, but also an important biomarker to identify the patients at risk for therapeutic failure and disease progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent pre-clinical and clinical studies on the biology and potential therapeutic implications of HNSCC stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jacqueline Nathansen
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian I Schniewind
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Ruiu R, Tarone L, Rolih V, Barutello G, Bolli E, Riccardo F, Cavallo F, Conti L. Cancer stem cell immunology and immunotherapy: Harnessing the immune system against cancer's source. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 164:119-188. [PMID: 31383404 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapy having improved cancer outcome, many patients still do not respond to treatments, resulting in the progression or relapse of the disease, eventually impairing survival expectations. The limited efficacy of therapy is often attributable to its inability to affect cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cells resistant to current radio- and chemo-therapies. CSCs are characterized by self-renewal and tumor-initiating capabilities, and function as a reservoir for the local and distant recurrence of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches able to effectively target and deplete CSCs are urgently needed. Immunotherapy is facing a renewed interest for its potential in cancer treatment, and the possibility of harnessing the immune system to target CSCs is being addressed by a new exciting research field. In this chapter, we discuss the cancer stem cell model and illustrate CSC biological and molecular properties, critically addressing theoretical and practical issues linked with their definition and study. We then review the existing literature regarding the immunological properties of CSCs and the complex interplay occurring between CSCs and immune cells. Finally, we present up-to-date studies on CSC immunotargeting and its potential future perspective. In conclusion, understanding the interplay between CSC biology and tumor immunology will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CSC immunological properties. This will contribute to the design of new CSC-directed immunotherapeutic strategies with the potential of strongly improving cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruiu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Rolih
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barutello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bolli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Peitzsch C, Kurth I, Ebert N, Dubrovska A, Baumann M. Cancer stem cells in radiation response: current views and future perspectives in radiation oncology. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:900-911. [PMID: 30897014 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite technological improvement and advances in biology-driven patient stratification, many patients still fail radiotherapy resulting in loco-regional and distant recurrence. Tumor heterogeneity remains a key challenge to effective cancer treatment, and reliable stratification of cancer patients for prediction of outcomes is highly important. Intratumoral heterogeneity is manifested at the different levels, including different tumorigenic properties of cancer cells. Since John Dick et al. isolated leukemia initiating cells in 1990, the populations of tumor initiating or cancer stem cells (CSCs) were identified and characterized also for a broad spectrum of solid tumor types. The properties of CSCs are of considerable clinical relevance: CSCs have self-renewal and tumor initiating potential, and the metastases are initiated by the CSC clones with the ability to disseminate from the primary tumor site. Conclusion: Evidence from both, experimental and clinical studies demonstrates that the probability of achieving local tumor control by radiation therapy depends on the complete eradication of CSC populations. The number, properties and molecular signature of CSCs are highly predictive for clinical outcome of radiotherapy, whereas targeted therapies against CSCs combined with conventional treatment are expected to provide an improved clinical response and prevent tumor relapse. In this review, we discuss the modern methods to study CSCs in radiation biology, the role of CSCs in personalized cancer therapy as well as future directions for CSC research in translational radiooncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Peitzsch
- a OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,b National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR) , Dresden , Germany.,c German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nadja Ebert
- d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,f Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- a OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Dresden , Germany.,c German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay , Dresden , Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- d German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,f Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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40
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Reid P, Marcu LG, Olver I, Moghaddasi L, Staudacher AH, Bezak E. Diversity of cancer stem cells in head and neck carcinomas: The role of HPV in cancer stem cell heterogeneity, plasticity and treatment response. Radiother Oncol 2019; 135:1-12. [PMID: 31015153 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) resulting from oncogenic transformations following human papillomavirus (HPV) infection consistently demonstrate better treatment outcomes than HNSCC from other aetiologies. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) shows the highest prevalence of HPV involvement at around 70-80%. While strongly prognostic, HPV status alone is not sufficient to predict therapy response or any potential dose de-escalation. Cancer stem cell (CSC) populations within these tumour types represent the most therapy-resistant cells and are the source of recurrence and metastases, setting a benchmark for tumour control. This review examines clinical and preclinical evidence of differences in response to treatment by the HPV statuses of HNSCC and the role played by CSCs in treatment resistance and their repopulation from non-CSCs. Evidence was collated from literature searches of PubMed, Scopus and Ovid for differential treatment response by HPV status and contribution by critical biomarkers including CSC fractions and chemo-radiosensitivity. While HPV and CSC are yet to fulfil promise as biomarkers of treatment response, understanding how HPV positive and negative aetiologies affect CSC response to treatment and tumour plasticity will facilitate their use for greater treatment individualisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Reid
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Loredana G Marcu
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Ian Olver
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia; Genesis Care, Department of Medical Physics, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Bhat K, Sandler K, Duhachek-Muggy S, Alli C, Cheng F, Moatamed NA, Magyar CE, Du L, Li G, McCloskey S, Vlashi E, Pajonk F. Serum erythropoietin levels, breast cancer and breast cancer-initiating cells. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:17. [PMID: 30700319 PMCID: PMC6354373 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is frequently associated with tumor-related anemia, and many chemotherapeutic agents impair hematopoiesis, leading to impaired quality of life for affected patients. The use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents has come under scrutiny after prospective clinical trials using recombinant erythropoietin to correct anemia reported increased incidence of thromboembolic events and cancer-related deaths. Furthermore, previous preclinical reports indicated expansion of the pool of breast cancer-initiating cells when erythropoietin was combined with ionizing radiation. Methods Using four established breast cancer cell lines, we test the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin and the number of breast cancer-initiating cells in vitro and in vivo and study if recombinant human erythropoietin promotes the phenotype conversion of non-tumorigenic breast cancer cells into breast cancer-initiating cells. In a prospective study, we evaluate whether elevated endogenous serum erythropoietin levels correlate with increased numbers of tumor-initiating cells in a cohort of breast cancer patients who were scheduled to undergo radiation treatment. Results Our results indicate that recombinant erythropoietin increased the number of tumor-initiating cells in established breast cancer lines in vitro. Irradiation of breast cancer xenografts caused a phenotype conversion of non-stem breast cancer cells into induced breast cancer-initiating cells. This effect coincided with re-expression of the pluripotency factors c-Myc, Sox2, and Oct4 and was enhanced by recombinant erythropoietin. Hemoglobin levels were inversely correlated with serum erythropoietin levels, and the latter were correlated with disease stage. However, tumor sections revealed a negative correlation between serum erythropoietin levels and the number of ALDH1A3-positive cells, a marker for breast cancer-initiating cells. Conclusions We conclude that physiologically slow-rising serum erythropoietin levels in response to tumor-related or chemotherapy-induced anemia, as opposed to large doses of recombinant erythropoietin, do not increase the pool of breast cancer-initiating cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1100-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Bhat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Kiri Sandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Sara Duhachek-Muggy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Claudia Alli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Image Analysis/Virtual Microscopy, Translational Pathology Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan McCloskey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1714, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Gu HF, Mao XY, Du M. Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols-role of cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:810-825. [PMID: 30632783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Polyamine flux suppresses histone lysine demethylases and enhances ID1 expression in cancer stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:104. [PMID: 30455990 PMCID: PMC6234213 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit tumorigenic potential and can generate resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A labeled ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, a rate-limiting enzyme involved in polyamine [PA] biosynthesis) degradation motif (degron) system allows visualization of a fraction of CSC-like cells in heterogeneous tumor populations. A labeled ODC degradation motif system allowed visualization of a fraction of CSC-like cells in heterogeneous tumor populations. Using this system, analysis of polyamine flux indicated that polyamine metabolism is active in CSCs. The results showed that intracellular polyamines inhibited the activity of histone lysine 4 demethylase enzymes, including lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation with Pol II antibody followed by massively parallel DNA sequencing, revealed the global enrichment of Pol II in transcription start sites in CSCs. Increase of polyamines within cells resulted in an enhancement of ID1 gene expression. The results of this study reveal details of metabolic pathways that drive epigenetic control of cancer cell stemness and determine effective therapeutic targets in CSCs.
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Wolf-Levy H, Javitt A, Eisenberg-Lerner A, Kacen A, Ulman A, Sheban D, Dassa B, Fishbain-Yoskovitz V, Carmona-Rivera C, Kramer MP, Nudel N, Regev I, Zahavi L, Elinger D, Kaplan MJ, Morgenstern D, Levin Y, Merbl Y. Revealing the cellular degradome by mass spectrometry analysis of proteasome-cleaved peptides. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:nbt.4279. [PMID: 30346940 PMCID: PMC8897557 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular function is critically regulated through degradation of substrates by the proteasome. To enable direct analysis of naturally cleaved proteasomal peptides under physiological conditions, we developed mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic peptides (MAPP), a method for proteasomal footprinting that allows for capture, isolation and analysis of proteasome-cleaved peptides. Application of MAPP to cancer cell lines as well as primary immune cells revealed dynamic modulation of the cellular degradome in response to various stimuli, such as proinflammatory signals. Further, we performed analysis of minute amounts of clinical samples by studying cells from the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We found increased degradation of histones in patient immune cells, thereby suggesting a role of aberrant proteasomal degradation in the pathophysiology of SLE. Thus, MAPP offers a broadly applicable method to facilitate the study of the cellular-degradation landscape in various cellular conditions and diseases involving changes in proteasomal degradation, including protein aggregation diseases, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Wolf-Levy
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aaron Javitt
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Assaf Kacen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Ulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daoud Sheban
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthias P. Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Nudel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ifat Regev
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liron Zahavi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalia Elinger
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - David Morgenstern
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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An ABCG2 non-substrate anticancer agent FL118 targets drug-resistant cancer stem-like cells and overcomes treatment resistance of human pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:240. [PMID: 30285798 PMCID: PMC6169080 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with a very low 5-year patient survival rate of 6–8%. The major challenges of eliminating pancreatic cancer are treatment resistance and stromal barriers to optimal drug access within the tumor. Therefore, effective molecular targeting drugs with high intra-tumor access and retention are urgently needed for managing this devastating disease in the clinic. Methods This study has used the following in vitro and in vivo techniques for the investigation of exceptional anticancer drug FL118’s efficacy in treatment of resistant pancreatic cancer: cell culture; immunoblotting analysis to test protein expression; DNA sub-G1 flow cytometry analyses to test cell death; MTT assay to test cell viability; pancreatic cancer stem cell assays (fluorescence microscopy tracing; matrigel assay; CD44-positive cell colony formation assay); human luciferase-labeled pancreatic tumor orthotopic animal model in vivo imaging; pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) animal models; and toxicology studies with immune-competent BALB/cj mice and beagle dogs. Results Our studies found that FL118 alone preferentially killed cisplatin-resistant cancer cells, while a combination of FL118 with cisplatin synergistically killed resistant pancreatic cancer cells and reduced spheroid formation of treatment-resistant pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. Furthermore, using in vivo-imaging, we found that FL118 in combination with cisplatin strongly inhibited both drug-resistant pancreatic xenograft tumor growth and metastasis. In PDX model, we demonstrated that FL118 alone effectively eliminated PDX tumors, while FL118 in combination with gemcitabine eliminated PDX tumors that showed relative resistance (less sensitivity) to treatment with FL118. These FL118 efficacy results are consistent with our molecular-targeting data showing that FL118 inhibited the expression of multiple antiapoptotic proteins (survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP, cIAP2) and ERCC6, a critical regulator of DNA repair, in treatment-resistant pancreatic stem-like cancer cells. Furthermore, FL118 toxicity studies in BALB/cj mice and beagle dogs indicated that FL118 exhibits favorable hematopoietic and biochemical toxicities. Conclusion Together, our studies suggest that FL118 is a promising anticancer drug for further clinical development to effectively treat drug-resistant pancreatic cancer alone or in combination with other pancreatic cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Mebendazole Potentiates Radiation Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:195-207. [PMID: 30196056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lack of a molecular target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes it one of the most challenging breast cancers to treat. Radiation therapy (RT) is an important treatment modality for managing breast cancer; however, we previously showed that RT can also reprogram a fraction of the surviving breast cancer cells into breast cancer-initiating cells (BCICs), which are thought to contribute to disease recurrence. In this study, we characterize mebendazole (MBZ) as a drug with potential to prevent the occurrence of radiation-induced reprogramming and improve the effect of RT in patients with TNBC. METHODS AND MATERIALS A high-throughput screen was used to identify drugs that prevented radiation-induced conversion of TNBC cells into cells with a cancer-initiating phenotype and exhibited significant toxicity toward TNBC cells. MBZ was one of the drug hits that fulfilled these criteria. In additional studies, we used BCIC markers and mammosphere-forming assays to investigate the effect of MBZ on the BCIC population. Staining with propidium iodide, annexin-V, and γ-H2AX was used to determine the effect of MBZ on cell cycle, apoptosis, and double-strand breaks. Finally, the potential for MBZ to enhance the effect of RT in TNBC was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS MBZ efficiently depletes the BCIC pool and prevents the ionizing radiation-induced conversion of breast cancer cells into therapy-resistant BCICs. In addition, MBZ arrests cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and causes double-strand breaks and apoptosis. MBZ sensitizes TNBC cells to ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo, resulting in improved tumor control in a human xenograft model of TNBC. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this study support the repurposing of MBZ as a combination treatment with RT in patients with TNBC.
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Cheng CC, Lin HC, Tsai KJ, Chiang YW, Lim KH, Chen CGS, Su YW, Peng CL, Ho AS, Huang L, Chang YC, Lin HC, Chang J, Chang YF. Epidermal growth factor induces STAT1 expression to exacerbate the IFNr-mediated PD-L1 axis in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cancers. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1588-1598. [PMID: 30035369 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) overexpressed in many cancers, including lung and head and neck cancers, and is involved in cancer cell progression and survival. PD-L1, increases in tumor cells to evade and inhibit CD8+ T cells, is a clinical immunotherapeutic target. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of EGF on regulating PD-L1 in EGFR-positive cancers and determined potential agents to reduce PD-L1 expression. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to determine potential driver genes that regulate PD-L1 in tumor cells-derived tumorspheres which mimicking cancer stem cells. Then, the specific inhibitors targeting EGFR were applied to reduce the expression of PD-L1 in vitro and in vivo. We validated that EGF could induce PD-L1 expression in the selected EGFR-positive cancers. RNAseq results revealed that STAT1 increased as a driver gene in KOSC-3-derived tumorspheres; these data were analyzed using PANTHER followed by NetworkAnalyst. The blockade of EGFR by afatinib resulted in decreased STAT1 and IRF-1 levels, both are transcriptional factors of PD-L1, and disabled the IFNr-STAT1-mediated PD-L1 axis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, STAT1 knockdown significantly reduced EGF-mediated PD-L1 expression, and ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, significantly inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation to reduce the IFNr-mediated PD-L1 axis. These results indicate that EGF exacerbates PD-L1 by increasing the protein levels of STAT1 to enforce the IFNr-JAK1/2-mediated signaling axis in selected EGFR-positive cancers. The inhibition of EGFR by afatinib significantly reduced PD-L1 and may be a potential strategy for enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaun-Jer Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Hong Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Caleb Gon-Shen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Su
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chau Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Reporter PET Images Bortezomib Treatment-Mediated Suppression of Cancer Cell Proteasome Activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12290. [PMID: 30116045 PMCID: PMC6095884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal protein degradation is a promising target for cancer therapy. Here, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) technique based on the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene fused with the carboxyl-terminal of ornithine decarboxylase (cODC) that noninvasively images cancer cells with inhibited proteasome activity. A retroviral vector was constructed in which the murine cODC degron was fused to the human NIS gene (NIS-cODC). Transiently transduced CT26 and HT29 colon cancer cells and stably expressing CT26/NIS-cODC cells were prepared. In cancer cells transiently transduced with NIS-cODC, NIS expression and transport activity was low at baseline, but NIS protein and 125I uptake was significantly increased by inhibition of proteasome activity with bortezomib. Stable CT26/NIS-cODC cells also showed increased cytosolic and membrane NIS by bortezomib, and four different stable clones displayed bortezomib dose-dependent stimulation of 125I and 99mTc-04− uptake. Importantly, bortezomib dose-dependently suppressed survival of CT26/NIS-cODC clones in a manner that closely correlated to the magnitudes of 125I and 99mTc-04− uptake. CT26/NIS-cODC tumors of bortezomib-treated mice demonstrated greater 124I uptake on PET images and increased NIS expression on tissue staining compared to vehicle-injected animals. NIS-cODC PET imaging may allow noninvasive quantitative monitoring of proteasome activity in cancer cells treated with bortezomib.
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STAT3 exacerbates survival of cancer stem-like tumorspheres in EGFR-positive colorectal cancers: RNAseq analysis and therapeutic screening. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:60. [PMID: 30068339 PMCID: PMC6090986 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells are capable of undergoing cell division after surviving cancer therapies, leading to tumor progression and recurrence. Inhibitory agents against cancer stem cells may be therapeutically used for efficiently eradicating tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relevant driver genes that maintain cancer stemness in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to discover effective therapeutic agents against these genes. Methods In this study, EGFR-positive cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells were used as study models for in vitro inductions. To identify the differential genes that maintain CSLCs, RNAseq analysis was conducted followed by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, a panel containing 172 therapeutic agents targeting the various pathways of stem cells was used to identify effective therapeutics against CSLCs. Results RNAseq analysis revealed that 654 and 840 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the HCT116 CSLCs. Among these genes, notably, platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were relevant according to the cancer pathway analyzed using NetworkAnalyst. Furthermore, therapeutic screening revealed that the agents targeting STAT3 and Wnt signaling pathways were efficient in reducing the cell viabilities of both HCT116 and HT29 cells. Consequently, we discovered that STAT3 inhibition using homoharringtonine and STAT3 knockdown significantly reduced the formation and survival of HT29-derived tumorspheres. We also observed that STAT3 phosphorylation was regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce PDGFA and Wnt signaling cascades. Conclusions We identified the potential genes involved in tumorsphere formation and survival in selective EGFR-positive CRCs. The results reveal that the EGF-STAT3 signaling pathway promotes and maintains CRC stemness. In addition, a crosstalk between STAT3 and Wnt activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is also responsible for cancer stemness. Thus, STAT3 is a putative therapeutic target for CRC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0456-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Tomiyama N, Ikeda R, Nishizawa Y, Masuda S, Tajitsu Y, Takeda Y. S100A16 up-regulates Oct4 and Nanog expression in cancer stem-like cells of Yumoto human cervical carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9929-9933. [PMID: 29928366 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which possess the ability to self-renewal and are multipotent, are regarded as the cause of tumor formation, recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. It is necessary to understand the properties of CSCs in order to treat them effectively. It has been previously reported that S100 family proteins, which carry calcium-binding EF-hand motifs and are associated with tumorigenic processes, serve crucial roles in maintaining cancer stem-like properties. S100A16 is upregulated in various types of cancer, including bladder, lung and pancreatic. However, the roles of S100A16 in cancer cells, particularly CSCs, are not clear. The present study investigated the roles of S100A16 in CSCs using the sphere formation assay of Yumoto cells, which are a human cervical carcinoma cell line. The mRNA expression levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. Following the sphere formation of Yumoto cells, the mRNA and protein expression level of Oct4, Nanog and S100A16 were increased compared with the control cells. Following transfection with S100A16 small interfering RNA (siRNA), the mRNA and protein expression of Oct4 and Nanog were decreased and the spheroid size was significantly decreased in the sphere formation of Yumoto cells compared with control siRNA treated cells. There was no change in the p53 mRNA expression level, whereas the p53 protein expression level, which was decreased by the sphere formation, was recovered by S100A16 knockdown. In addition, the protein expression levels of Oct4 and Nanog, which were increased in the sphere formation, were decreased by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. No differences were observed in the S100A16 protein expression between the presence or absence of lactacystin. These results suggest that S100A16 serves an important role in the CSCs of human cervical carcinoma and is a positive regulator of Oct4 and Nanog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Tomiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Izumi General Medical Center, Izumi-shi, Kagoshima 899-0131, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Nishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tajitsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Izumi General Medical Center, Izumi-shi, Kagoshima 899-0131, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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