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Ubago-Guisado E, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Ching-López A, Petrova D, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Barricarte-Gurrea A, Chirlaque MD, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ. Evidence Update on the Relationship between Diet and the Most Common Cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103582. [PMID: 34684583 PMCID: PMC8540388 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a multicentre prospective study conducted in 23 centres in 10 European countries. Here we review the findings from EPIC on the relationship between diet-related exposures and incidence or mortality from the four most frequent cancers in the European population: colorectal, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and identified 110 high-quality studies based on the EPIC cohort. Fruit and vegetable consumption had a protective effect against colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, whereas only fruit had a protective effect against prostate cancer. A higher consumption of fish and lower consumption of red and processed meat were related with a lower risk of colorectal cancer; and higher consumption of fatty fish with lower risk of breast cancer. Calcium and yogurt intake were found to protect against colorectal and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption increased the risk for colorectal and breast cancer. Finally, adherence to the Mediterranean diet emerged as a protective factor for colorectal and breast cancer. The EPIC study results are in agreement with the latest evidence from leading authorities on cancer prevention and help to inform public prevention policies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Ching-López
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte-Gurrea
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; (E.U.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (D.P.); (M.-J.S.)
- Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (P.A.); (A.B.-G.); (M.-D.C.)
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Van Puyvelde H, Papadimitriou N, Clasen J, Muller D, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Halkjær J, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Fortner RT, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Chiodini P, Masala G, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Bakker MF, Agudo A, Ardanaz E, Chirlaque López MD, Sánchez MJ, Ericson U, Gylling B, Karlsson T, Manjer J, Schmidt JA, Nicolas G, Casagrande C, Weiderpass E, Heath AK, Godderis L, Van Herck K, De Bacquer D, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I. Dietary Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Nutrients 2021; 13:1843. [PMID: 34071317 PMCID: PMC8228096 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Methyl-group donors (MGDs), including folate, choline, betaine, and methionine, may influence breast cancer (BC) risk through their role in one-carbon metabolism; (2) Methods: We studied the relationship between dietary intakes of MGDs and BC risk, adopting data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort; (3) Results: 318,686 pre- and postmenopausal women were followed between enrolment in 1992-2000 and December 2013-December 2015. Dietary MGD intakes were estimated at baseline through food-frequency questionnaires. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to quantify the association between dietary intake of MGDs, measured both as a calculated score based on their sum and individually, and BC risk. Subgroup analyses were performed by hormone receptor status, menopausal status, and level of alcohol intake. During a mean follow-up time of 14.1 years, 13,320 women with malignant BC were identified. No associations were found between dietary intakes of the MGD score or individual MGDs and BC risk. However, a potential U-shaped relationship was observed between dietary folate intake and overall BC risk, suggesting an inverse association for intakes up to 350 µg/day compared to a reference intake of 205 µg/day. No statistically significant differences in the associations were observed by hormone receptor status, menopausal status, or level of alcohol intake; (4) Conclusions: There was no strong evidence for an association between MGDs involved in one-carbon metabolism and BC risk. However, a potential U-shaped trend was suggested for dietary folate intake and BC risk. Further research is needed to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Van Puyvelde
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.V.P.); (K.V.H.); (D.D.B.)
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
- Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Joanna Clasen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1PG, UK; (J.C.); (D.M.); (A.K.H.)
| | - David Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1PG, UK; (J.C.); (D.M.); (A.K.H.)
| | - Carine Biessy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.H.); (A.T.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renée T. Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.T.F.); (V.K.)
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.T.F.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network—ISPRO, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Marije F. Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Institut Català d’Oncologa, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31003 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.C.L.); (M.-J.S.)
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque López
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.C.L.); (M.-J.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.C.L.); (M.-J.S.)
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Björn Gylling
- Unit Pathology, Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå Universitet, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Bröstmottagningen, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 LF7, UK;
| | - Geneviève Nicolas
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Corinne Casagrande
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Alicia K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1PG, UK; (J.C.); (D.M.); (A.K.H.)
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- IDEWE (Externe dienst voor Preventie en Bescherming op het Werk), 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Herck
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.V.P.); (K.V.H.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.V.P.); (K.V.H.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.P.); (C.B.); (P.F.); (G.N.); (C.C.); (M.J.G.)
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Ren X, Xu P, Zhang D, Liu K, Song D, Zheng Y, Yang S, Li N, Hao Q, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Kang H, Dai Z. Association of folate intake and plasma folate level with the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21355-21375. [PMID: 33146633 PMCID: PMC7695428 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies showing the correlation between folate and the breast cancer risk have revealed inconsistent results. Hence, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies to obtain more reliable conclusions. We searched PubMed and Embase for studies published before April 2019 and identified 39 studies on folate intake and 12 studies on plasma folate level. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to estimate the breast cancer risk. Folate intake was inversely correlated with the breast cancer risk when the highest and lowest categories (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.92) were compared, and the dose-response result showed that folate intake had a linear correlation with the breast cancer risk. Moreover, a higher folate intake correlated with a lower breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.97), but not in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.83-1.06). However, plasma folate levels were not correlated with the breast cancer risk (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.82-1.17). Folate intake was negatively correlated with the breast cancer risk; however, its practical clinical significance requires further study. Furthermore, additional folate supplements should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingli Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Zeng J, Gu Y, Fu H, Liu C, Zou Y, Chang H. Association Between One-carbon Metabolism-related Vitamins and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e469-e480. [PMID: 32241696 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies focusing on the association between 1-carbon metabolism-related vitamins (ie, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin B12) and breast cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a systematic search of the reported data and performed a meta-analysis of prospective case-control and cohort studies to derive a more precise evaluation. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies. A total of 27 studies involving 49,707 cases and 1,274,060 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that a high intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B2 might decrease the risk of breast cancer. The corresponding pooled relative risks (RRs) for the highest intake compared with the lowest were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.99; P = .018), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-1.00; P = .037) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.99; P = .026). No significant association between vitamin B12 and breast cancer risk was found (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.04; P = .604). Further study showed that folate and vitamin B6 might decrease the risk of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-)/progesterone receptor-negative (PR-) breast cancer but not ER+/PR+ breast cancer. The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a significant linearity relationship between folate intake and a reduced risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer. An increment of folate intake (100 μg/d) corresponded to a 7% deceased risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = .007). In conclusion, a high intake of 1-carbon metabolism-related vitamins might contribute to the prevention of breast cancer, especially ER-/PR- breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Gu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Baseline serum folate, vitamin B12 and the risk of prostate and breast cancer using data from the Swedish AMORIS cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:603-615. [PMID: 31020446 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The roles of folate and vitamin B12 in prostate cancer (PCa) or breast cancer (BC) development are unclear. We investigated their roles using the prospective Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) study. METHODS 8,783 men and 19,775 women with vitamin B12 and folate serum measurements were included. Their associations with PCa and BC risk categories were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During mean follow-up of 13 years, 703 men developed PCa. There was an inverse association between folate > 32 nmol/L and high-risk PCa [hazard ratio (HR) 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.90], and a positive association between folate < 5 nmol/L and metastatic PCa (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.29-21.41), compared with folate 5-32 nmol/L. No associations with vitamin B12 were found. 795 women developed BC during mean follow-up of 14 years. When restricting to the fasting population, there was a positive association between folate > 32 nmol/L and BC (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06-2.04). CONCLUSION High folate levels may protect against PCa and low folate levels may increase risk of metastatic PCa. High fasting folate levels may be associated with an increased BC risk. Vitamin B12 was not found to be linked with risk of PCa or BC. Longitudinal studies with serum and dietary information could help define new prevention targets and add information on the role of folate fortification.
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Arthur RS, Kirsh VA, Rohan TE. Dietary B-Vitamin Intake and Risk of Breast, Endometrial, Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer among Canadians. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1067-1077. [PMID: 30955365 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1597904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the associations of thiamin, niacin and riboflavin with risk of cancer despite their role in potentially cancer-associated one-carbon metabolism. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models modified for the case-cohort design, we examined the associations of dietary intake of the above-mentioned B vitamins, as well as folate, and vitamins B6 and B12, with risk of the breast (n = 922), endometrial (n = 180), ovarian (n = 104) and colorectal (n = 266) cancers among age-stratified subcohorts of 3,185 women who were randomly selected from a cohort of 73,909 participants. None of the B-vitamins were associated with risk of breast or colorectal cancers. However, relatively high dietary intake of folate intake was inversely associated with risk of endometrial (HRq4 vs q1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.93) and ovarian (HRq3 vs q1: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19-0.80) cancers while relatively high dietary intake of vitamin B6 was inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk (HRq3 vs q1: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24-0.98). These findings suggest that dietary intake of folate may reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers and dietary intake of vitamin B6 may reduce risk of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda S Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - Victoria A Kirsh
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
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Perrier F, Viallon V, Ambatipudi S, Ghantous A, Cuenin C, Hernandez-Vargas H, Chajès V, Baglietto L, Matejcic M, Moreno-Macias H, Kühn T, Boeing H, Karakatsani A, Kotanidou A, Trichopoulou A, Sieri S, Panico S, Fasanelli F, Dolle M, Onland-Moret C, Sluijs I, Weiderpass E, Quirós JR, Agudo A, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Tong TYN, Tsilidis K, Riboli E, Gunter MJ, Herceg Z, Ferrari P, Romieu I. Association of leukocyte DNA methylation changes with dietary folate and alcohol intake in the EPIC study. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:57. [PMID: 30940212 PMCID: PMC6444439 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that folate, an important component of one-carbon metabolism, modulates the epigenome. Alcohol, which can disrupt folate absorption, is also known to affect the epigenome. We investigated the association of dietary folate and alcohol intake on leukocyte DNA methylation levels in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Leukocyte genome-wide DNA methylation profiles on approximately 450,000 CpG sites were acquired with Illumina HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip measured among 450 women control participants of a case-control study on breast cancer nested within the EPIC cohort. After data preprocessing using surrogate variable analysis to reduce systematic variation, associations of DNA methylation with dietary folate and alcohol intake, assessed with dietary questionnaires, were investigated using CpG site-specific linear models. Specific regions of the methylome were explored using differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis and fused lasso (FL) regressions. The DMR analysis combined results from the feature-specific analysis for a specific chromosome and using distances between features as weights whereas FL regression combined two penalties to encourage sparsity of single features and the difference between two consecutive features. Results After correction for multiple testing, intake of dietary folate was not associated with methylation level at any DNA methylation site, while weak associations were observed between alcohol intake and methylation level at CpG sites cg03199996 and cg07382687, with qval = 0.029 and qval = 0.048, respectively. Interestingly, the DMR analysis revealed a total of 24 and 90 regions associated with dietary folate and alcohol, respectively. For alcohol intake, 6 of the 15 most significant DMRs were identified through FL. Conclusions Alcohol intake was associated with methylation levels at two CpG sites. Evidence from DMR and FL analyses indicated that dietary folate and alcohol intake may be associated with genomic regions with tumor suppressor activity such as the GSDMD and HOXA5 genes. These results were in line with the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the association between folate and alcohol, although further studies are warranted to clarify the importance of these mechanisms in cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0637-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perrier
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - V Viallon
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - S Ambatipudi
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - C Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | | | - V Chajès
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - L Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Matejcic
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - T Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - A Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - A Kotanidou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - S Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - F Fasanelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy
| | - M Dolle
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection (pb12), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Onland-Moret
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center Research Program Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I Sluijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center Research Program Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J R Quirós
- Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Ardanaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and CIBERESP, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - T Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M J Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Z Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - P Ferrari
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 150, cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - I Romieu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
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8
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Hatami M, Vahid F, Esmaeil Akbari M, Sadeghi M, Ameri F, Eini-Zeinab H, Jamshidi-Naeini Y, Hossein Davoodi S. The Vitamins Involved in One-Carbon Metabolisms are Associated with Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer in Overall and Subtypes. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:131-140. [PMID: 30758268 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Some micronutrients like folate, vitamin B12, B6, and B2 are the source of coenzymes, which participate in one-carbon metabolism. Any disruption in this metabolism can interfere with DNA replication, repair and regulation of gene expression and ultimately promote the likelihood of carcinogenesis. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the intakes of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism with breast cancer (BrCa) and its subtype's odds. Methods: Nutrients' intake from diet and supplements were collected through interviewing 151 cases and 154 controls by a 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between dietary and/or total intake of studied nutrients and odds of BrCa and its subtypes. Results: After adjusting the effects of confounding variables in the models, the odds of BrCa was significantly lower in the highest intake quartile compared with the lowest quartile for total intake of vitamin B2 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI, 0.07-0.39; Ptrend < 0.001), vitamin B6 (OR = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.05-0.27; Ptrend < 0.001), vitamin B12 (OR = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.09-0.43; Ptrend < 0.001) and folate (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.04-0.21; Ptrend < 0.001). Also, those with the highest quartile of vitamin B6, B12, B2 and folate intake compared with the lowest quartile were less likely to develop estrogen receptor (ER)+ and progesterone receptor (PR)+ subtypes, ER- status, PR- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ subtypes and HER2- status. Conclusion: High intakes of vitamins B2, B6 and folate are associated with reduced odds of BrCa in overall and all ER, PR and HER2 subtypes. Also, high intakes of vitamin B12 reduced the odds of all subtypes of BrCa except ER- subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hatami
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Sadeghi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ameri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eini-Zeinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Horakova D, Bouchalova K, Cwiertka K, Stepanek L, Vlckova J, Kollarova H. Risks and protective factors for triple negative breast cancer with a focus on micronutrients and infections. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 162:83-89. [PMID: 29765171 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer (BC) with a poor prognosis. Second, patients cannot benefit from targeted therapy, except for those with BRCA1/2 mutations, for whom poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition therapy using olaparib has recently been approved. As global priorities continue to be epidemiological analysis of BC risk factors and early diagnosis, this review focuses on the risks and protective factors associated with TNBC. A PubMed keyword search for new knowledge on the risks and protective factors for TNBC was carried out. We also found statistical information from current online databases concerning the estimated incidence, prevalence and mortality worldwide of this cancer. Traditional risk factors for BC and TNBC are those related to reproduction such as the age of menarche, age of first birth, parity, breastfeeding and age at menopause. Attention needs to be paid to familial BC, weight control, alcohol consumption and regular physical activity. Epidemiological studies on TNBC provide evidence for protective factors such as regular consumption of soya, seafood, green tea, folic acid and vitamin D. Potential risk factors may include night work and viral infectious agents like human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Droplet digital methylation-specific PCR (ddMSP) is a possible new screening method for detection of BC including TNBC. Further research is necessary to validate these new factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Horakova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Bouchalova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Cwiertka
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Stepanek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vlckova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kollarova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Kim HJ, Jung S, Eliassen AH, Chen WY, Willett WC, Cho E. Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk in Younger Women According to Family History of Breast Cancer and Folate Intake. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:524-531. [PMID: 28520842 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in younger women, overall and by family history of breast cancer and folate intake, we prospectively followed 93,835 US women aged 27-44 years in Nurses' Health Study II who had alcohol consumption data in 1991. Alcohol consumption and folate intake were measured by food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. We documented 2,866 incident cases of invasive breast cancer between 1991 and 2011. Alcohol consumption was not associated with breast cancer risk overall (for intake of ≥10 g/day vs. nondrinking, multivariate hazard ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.22). When the association was stratified by family history and folate intake, a positive association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer was found among women with a family history and folate intake less than 400 μg/day (multivariate hazard ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 3.12; P-trend = 0.08). Alcohol consumption was not associated with breast cancer in other categories of family history and folate intake (P-interaction = 0.55). In conclusion, in this population of younger women, higher alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of breast cancer among those with both a family history of breast cancer and lower folate intake.
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11
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Egnell M, Fassier P, Lécuyer L, Zelek L, Vasson MP, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Galan P, Deschasaux M, Touvier M. B-Vitamin Intake from Diet and Supplements and Breast Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged Women: Results from the Prospective NutriNet-Santé Cohort. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050488. [PMID: 28505069 PMCID: PMC5452218 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest a protective effect of B-vitamins on breast cancer risk, potentially modulated by alcohol intake. However, epidemiological studies are limited, especially regarding non-folate B-vitamins. Furthermore, few studies included quantitative assessment of supplemental intake. This prospective study aimed to investigate the associations between intakes of B-vitamins (dietary, supplemental, total) and breast cancer risk. 27,853 women aged ≥45 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2016) were included, with a median follow-up time of 4.2 years. Dietary data were collected using repeated 24 h records. A specific questionnaire assessed dietary supplement use over a 12-month period. A composition database of 8000 supplements was developed. Associations were characterized by multivariable Cox models, and 462 incident breast cancers were diagnosed. Dietary (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.74 (0.55, 0.99), P-trend = 0.05), supplemental (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.61 (0.38, 0.98), P-trend = 0.05), and total (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.67 (0.50, 0.91), P-trend = 0.01) pyridoxine intakes were inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Total thiamin intake was borderline inversely associated with breast cancer risk (HRper 1-unit increment = 0.78 (0.61, 1.00), P = 0.05). Statistically significant interactions between alcohol consumption and B-vitamin (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin) supplemental intake were observed, the latter being inversely associated with breast cancer risk in non-to-low alcohol drinkers but not in higher drinkers. This large prospective study, including quantitative assessment of supplemental intake, suggests a potential protective effect of pyridoxine and thiamin on breast cancer risk in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Egnell
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Philippine Fassier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Lucie Lécuyer
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Laurent Zelek
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Oncology Department, Avicenne Hospital, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- UFR Pharmacie, Inra, UMR 1019, CRNH Auvergne, Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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12
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Relationships between Global DNA Methylation in Circulating White Blood Cells and Breast Cancer Risk Factors. J Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 2017:2705860. [PMID: 28484492 PMCID: PMC5397634 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2705860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not yet clear whether white blood cell DNA global methylation is associated with breast cancer risk. In this review we examine the relationships between multiple breast cancer risk factors and three markers of global DNA methylation: LINE-1, 5-mdC, and Alu. A literature search was conducted using Pubmed up to April 1, 2016, using combinations of relevant outcomes such as “WBC methylation,” “blood methylation,” “blood LINE-1 methylation,” and a comprehensive list of known and suspected breast cancer risk factors. Overall, the vast majority of reports in the literature have focused on LINE-1. There was reasonably consistent evidence across the studies examined that males have higher levels of LINE-1 methylation in WBC DNA than females. None of the other demographic, lifestyle, dietary, or health condition risk factors were consistently associated with LINE-1 DNA methylation across studies. With the possible exception of sex, there was also little evidence that the wide range of breast cancer risk factors we examined were associated with either of the other two global DNA methylation markers: 5-mdC and Alu. One possible implication of the observed lack of association between global WBC DNA methylation and known breast cancer risk factors is that the association between global WBC DNA methylation and breast cancer, if it exists, is due to a disease effect.
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13
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McCartney DMA, Byrne DG, Cantwell MM, Turner MJ. Cancer incidence in Ireland—the possible role of diet, nutrition and lifestyle. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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14
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Saber A, Alipour B, Faghfoori Z, Yari Khosroushahi A. Cellular and molecular effects of yeast probiotics on cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:96-115. [PMID: 27561003 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cancer is one of the main causes of human deaths worldwide. The exact mechanisms of initiation and progression of malignancies are not clear yet, but there is a common agreement about the role of colonic microbiota in the etiology of different cancers. Probiotics have been examined for their anti-cancer effects, and different mechanisms have been suggested about their antitumor functions. Nonpathogenic yeasts, as members of probiotics family, can be effective on gut microbiota dysbiosis. Generally safe yeasts have shown so many beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic yeasts influence physiology, metabolism, and immune homeostasis in the colon and contribute to cancer treatment due to possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties. This study reviews some of the health-beneficial effects of probiotic yeasts and their biological substances like folic acid and β-glucan on cancer and focuses on the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of probiotic yeasts such as influencing pathogenic bacteria, inactivation of carcinogenic compounds, especially those derived from food, improvement of intestinal barrier function, modulation of immune responses, antitoxic function, apoptosis, and anti-proliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saber
- a Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy , Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Beitollah Alipour
- c Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy , Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- e Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- f Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,g Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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15
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Shojaei Saadi HA, Gagné D, Fournier É, Baldoceda Baldeon LM, Sirard MA, Robert C. Responses of bovine early embryos to S-adenosyl methionine supplementation in culture. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1039-60. [PMID: 27419740 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM There is a growing concern about the potential adverse effects of high dose folic acid (FA) supplementation before and during pregnancy. FA metabolism generates S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) which is an important cofactor of epigenetic programming. We sought to assess the impact of a large dose of SAM on early embryo development. MATERIALS & METHODS In vitro cultured bovine embryos were treated with SAM from the eight-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. In addition to the phenotype, the genome-wide epigenetic and transcription profiles were analyzed. RESULTS Treatment significantly improved embryo hatching and caused a shift in sex ratio in favor of males. SAM caused genome-wide hypermethylation mainly in exonic regions and in CpG islands. Although differentially expressed genes were associated with response to nutrients and developmental processes, no correspondence was found with the differentially methylated regions, suggesting that cellular responses to SAM treatment during early embryo development may not require DNA methylation-driven changes. CONCLUSION Since bovine embryos were not indifferent to SAM, effects of large-dose FA supplements on early embryonic development in humans cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib A Shojaei Saadi
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des sciences animales, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dominic Gagné
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des sciences animales, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Éric Fournier
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des sciences animales, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Luis Manuel Baldoceda Baldeon
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des sciences animales, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des sciences animales, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Claude Robert
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des sciences animales, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Naushad SM, Janaki Ramaiah M, Pavithrakumari M, Jayapriya J, Hussain T, Alrokayan SA, Gottumukkala SR, Digumarti R, Kutala VK. Artificial neural network-based exploration of gene-nutrient interactions in folate and xenobiotic metabolic pathways that modulate susceptibility to breast cancer. Gene 2016; 580:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Cancarini I, Krogh V, Agnoli C, Grioni S, Matullo G, Pala V, Pedraglio S, Contiero P, Riva C, Muti P, Sieri S. Micronutrients Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer Subtypes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138318. [PMID: 26376452 PMCID: PMC4574438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism are hypothesized to influence breast cancer (BC) risk. However, epidemiologic studies that examined associations between B vitamin intake and BC risk have provided inconsistent results. We prospectively examined, in the Italian ORDET cohort, whether B vitamin consumption was associated with risk of BC and BC subtypes. Methods After a mean follow-up of 16.5 years, 391 BCs were diagnosed among 10,786 cohort women. B vitamin intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for energy intake and confounders, estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC according to intake. Results RRs were 0.61 (95% CI 0.38–0.97 highest vs. lowest quartile; P trend 0.025) for thiamine; 0.48 (95% CI 0.32–0.71; P trend <0.001) for riboflavin; 0.59 (95% CI 0.39–0.90; P trend 0.008) for vitamin B6, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.44–0.95; P trend 0.021) for folate. As regards risk of BC subtypes, high riboflavin and folate were significantly associated with lower risk of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+) cancers, and high thiamine was associated with lower risk of ER-PR- cancers. High riboflavin was associated with lower risk of both HER2+ and HER2- cancers, high folate with lower risk of HER2- disease, and high thiamine with HER2+ disease. Conclusions These findings support protective effects of thiamine and one-carbon metabolism vitamins (folate, riboflavin, and vitamin B6) against BC in general; while folate may also protect against ER+PR+ and HER2- disease; and thiamine against ER-PR-, and HER2+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cancarini
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Pedraglio
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Contiero
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Riva
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Jung S, Wang M, Anderson K, Baglietto L, Bergkvist L, Bernstein L, van den Brandt PA, Brinton L, Buring JE, Eliassen AH, Falk R, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Goodman G, Hoffman-Bolton J, Horn-Ross PL, Inoue M, Kolonel LN, Krogh V, Lof M, Maas P, Miller AB, Neuhouser ML, Park Y, Robien K, Rohan TE, Scarmo S, Schouten LJ, Sieri S, Stevens VL, Tsugane S, Visvanathan K, Wilkens LR, Wolk A, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zhang SM, Zhang X, Ziegler RG, Smith-Warner SA. Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor status: in a pooled analysis of 20 studies. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 45:916-28. [PMID: 26320033 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer aetiology may differ by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Associations of alcohol and folate intakes with risk of breast cancer defined by ER status were examined in pooled analyses of the primary data from 20 cohorts. METHODS During a maximum of 6-18 years of follow-up of 1 089 273 women, 21 624 ER+ and 5113 ER- breast cancers were identified. Study-specific multivariable relative risks (RRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and then combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was positively associated with risk of ER+ and ER- breast cancer. The pooled multivariable RRs (95% confidence intervals) comparing ≥ 30 g/d with 0 g/day of alcohol consumption were 1.35 (1.23-1.48) for ER+ and 1.28 (1.10-1.49) for ER- breast cancer (Ptrend ≤ 0.001; Pcommon-effects by ER status: 0.57). Associations were similar for alcohol intake from beer, wine and liquor. The associations with alcohol intake did not vary significantly by total (from foods and supplements) folate intake (Pinteraction ≥ 0.26). Dietary (from foods only) and total folate intakes were not associated with risk of overall, ER+ and ER- breast cancer; pooled multivariable RRs ranged from 0.98 to 1.02 comparing extreme quintiles. Following-up US studies through only the period before mandatory folic acid fortification did not change the results. The alcohol and folate associations did not vary by tumour subtypes defined by progesterone receptor status. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption was positively associated with risk of both ER+ and ER- breast cancer, even among women with high folate intake. Folate intake was not associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia, Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leif Bergkvist
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Clinical Research, Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roni Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia, Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan, AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Lof
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paige Maas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony B Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Scarmo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Schoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway and Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shumin M Zhang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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