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Hopkins PCR, Troakes C, King A, Tear G. Transmembrane and coiled-coil 2 associates with Alzheimer's disease pathology in the human brain. Brain Pathol 2024:e13290. [PMID: 39084860 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane and coiled-coil 2 (TMCC2) is a human orthologue of the Drosophila gene dementin, mutant alleles of which cause neurodegeneration with features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). TMCC2 and Dementin further have an evolutionarily conserved interaction with the amyloid protein precursor (APP), a protein central to AD pathogenesis. To investigate if human TMCC2 might also participate in mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we examined TMCC2 expression in late onset AD human brain and age-matched controls, familial AD cases bearing a mutation in APP Val717, and Down syndrome AD. Consistent with previous observations of complex formation between TMCC2 and APP in the rat brain, the dual immunocytochemistry of control human temporal cortex showed highly similar distributions of TMCC2 and APP. In late onset AD cases stratified by APOE genotype, TMCC2 immunoreactivity was associated with dense core senile plaques and adjacent neuronal dystrophies, but not with Aβ surrounding the core, diffuse Aβ plaques or tauopathy. In Down syndrome AD, we observed in addition TMCC2-immunoreactive and methoxy-X04-positive pathological features that were morphologically distinct from those seen in the late onset and familial AD cases, suggesting enhanced pathological alteration of TMCC2 in Down syndrome AD. At the protein level, western blots of human brain extracts revealed that human brain-derived TMCC2 exists as at least three isoforms, the relative abundance of which varied between the temporal gyrus and cerebellum and was influenced by APOE and/or dementia status. Our findings thus implicate human TMCC2 in AD via its interactions with APP, its association with dense core plaques, as well as its alteration in Down syndrome AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C R Hopkins
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Tear
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Etxeberria A, Shen YAA, Vito S, Silverman SM, Imperio J, Lalehzadeh G, Soung AL, Du C, Xie L, Choy MK, Hsiao YC, Ngu H, Cho CH, Ghosh S, Novikova G, Rezzonico MG, Leahey R, Weber M, Gogineni A, Elstrott J, Xiong M, Greene JJ, Stark KL, Chan P, Roth GA, Adrian M, Li Q, Choi M, Wong WR, Sandoval W, Foreman O, Nugent AA, Friedman BA, Sadekar S, Hötzel I, Hansen DV, Chih B, Yuen TJ, Weimer RM, Easton A, Meilandt WJ, Bohlen CJ. Neutral or Detrimental Effects of TREM2 Agonist Antibodies in Preclinical Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2347232024. [PMID: 38830764 PMCID: PMC11255434 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2347-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetics and preclinical studies have identified key contributions of TREM2 to several neurodegenerative conditions, inspiring efforts to modulate TREM2 therapeutically. Here, we characterize the activities of three TREM2 agonist antibodies in multiple mixed-sex mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and remyelination. Receptor activation and downstream signaling are explored in vitro, and active dose ranges are determined in vivo based on pharmacodynamic responses from microglia. For mice bearing amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology (PS2APP) or combined Aβ and tau pathology (TauPS2APP), chronic TREM2 agonist antibody treatment had limited impact on microglia engagement with pathology, overall pathology burden, or downstream neuronal damage. For mice with demyelinating injuries triggered acutely with lysolecithin, TREM2 agonist antibodies unexpectedly disrupted injury resolution. Likewise, TREM2 agonist antibodies limited myelin recovery for mice experiencing chronic demyelination from cuprizone. We highlight the contributions of dose timing and frequency across models. These results introduce important considerations for future TREM2-targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Etxeberria
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yun-An A Shen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Stephen Vito
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sean M Silverman
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jose Imperio
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Guita Lalehzadeh
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Allison L Soung
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Changchun Du
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Luke Xie
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Man Kin Choy
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yi-Chun Hsiao
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hai Ngu
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Gloriia Novikova
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | - Rebecca Leahey
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Martin Weber
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Monica Xiong
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jacob J Greene
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kimberly L Stark
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Gillie A Roth
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Max Adrian
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Qingling Li
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Meena Choi
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Weng Ruh Wong
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Oded Foreman
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Alicia A Nugent
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Brad A Friedman
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Shraddha Sadekar
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Isidro Hötzel
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - David V Hansen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ben Chih
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Tracy J Yuen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Amy Easton
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - William J Meilandt
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Christopher J Bohlen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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Zott B, Nästle L, Grienberger C, Unger F, Knauer MM, Wolf C, Keskin-Dargin A, Feuerbach A, Busche MA, Skerra A, Konnerth A. β-amyloid monomer scavenging by an anticalin protein prevents neuronal hyperactivity in mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5819. [PMID: 38987287 PMCID: PMC11237084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity mediated by synaptotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers is one of the earliest forms of neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. In the search for a preventive treatment strategy, we tested the effect of scavenging Aβ peptides before Aβ plaque formation. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and SF-iGluSnFR-based glutamate imaging in hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that an Aβ binding anticalin protein (Aβ-anticalin) can suppress early neuronal hyperactivity and synaptic glutamate accumulation in the APP23xPS45 mouse model of β-amyloidosis. Our results suggest that the sole targeting of Aβ monomers is sufficient for the hyperactivity-suppressing effect of the Aβ-anticalin at early disease stages. Biochemical and neurophysiological analyses indicate that the Aβ-anticalin-dependent depletion of naturally secreted Aβ monomers interrupts their aggregation to neurotoxic oligomers and, thereby, reverses early neuronal and synaptic dysfunctions. Thus, our results suggest that Aβ monomer scavenging plays a key role in the repair of neuronal function at early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Zott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Lea Nästle
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Grienberger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology and Volen National Center of Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Felix Unger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | - Manuel M Knauer
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wolf
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Anna Feuerbach
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Skerra
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Gilbert MAG, Fatima N, Jenkins J, O'Sullivan TJ, Schertel A, Halfon Y, Wilkinson M, Morrema THJ, Geibel M, Read RJ, Ranson NA, Radford SE, Hoozemans JJM, Frank RAW. CryoET of β-amyloid and tau within postmortem Alzheimer's disease brain. Nature 2024; 631:913-919. [PMID: 38987603 PMCID: PMC11269202 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A defining pathological feature of most neurodegenerative diseases is the assembly of proteins into amyloid that form disease-specific structures1. In Alzheimer's disease, this is characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid and tau with disease-specific conformations. The in situ structure of amyloid in the human brain is unknown. Here, using cryo-fluorescence microscopy-targeted cryo-sectioning, cryo-focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy lift-out and cryo-electron tomography, we determined in-tissue architectures of β-amyloid and tau pathology in a postmortem Alzheimer's disease donor brain. β-amyloid plaques contained a mixture of fibrils, some of which were branched, and protofilaments, arranged in parallel arrays and lattice-like structures. Extracellular vesicles and cuboidal particles defined the non-amyloid constituents of β-amyloid plaques. By contrast, tau inclusions formed parallel clusters of unbranched filaments. Subtomogram averaging a cluster of 136 tau filaments in a single tomogram revealed the polypeptide backbone conformation and filament polarity orientation of paired helical filaments within tissue. Filaments within most clusters were similar to each other, but were different between clusters, showing amyloid heterogeneity that is spatially organized by subcellular location. The in situ structural approaches outlined here for human donor tissues have applications to a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A G Gilbert
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nayab Fatima
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joshua Jenkins
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas J O'Sullivan
- Astbury Biostructure Laboratory CryoEM facility, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andreas Schertel
- ZEISS Microscopy Customer Center Europe, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Yehuda Halfon
- Astbury Biostructure Laboratory CryoEM facility, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Wilkinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tjado H J Morrema
- Department of Pathology, Unit Neuropathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Geibel
- ZEISS Microscopy Customer Center Europe, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Randy J Read
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - René A W Frank
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Cox JEJ, Pham KD, Keck AW, Wright Z, Thomas MA, Freeman WM, Ocañas SR. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Microglial Phenotypes in the Murine Brain During Aging and Disease. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e5018. [PMID: 38948260 PMCID: PMC11211077 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's primary resident immune cell, exists in various phenotypic states depending on intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. Distinguishing between these phenotypes can offer valuable biological insights into neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic profiling have allowed for increased granularity and better separation of distinct microglial states. While techniques such as immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) are available to differentiate microglial phenotypes and functions, these methods present notable limitations, including challenging quantification methods, high cost, and advanced analytical techniques. This protocol addresses these limitations by presenting an optimized cell preparation procedure that prevents ex vivo activation and a flow cytometry panel to distinguish four distinct microglial states from murine brain tissue. Following cell preparation, fluorescent antibodies were applied to label 1) homeostatic, 2) disease-associated (DAM), 3) interferon response (IRM), and 4) lipid-droplet accumulating (LDAM) microglia, based on gene markers identified in previous scRNA-Seq studies. Stained cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to assess phenotypic distribution as a function of age and sex. A key advantage of this procedure is its adaptability, allowing the panel provided to be enhanced using additional markers with an appropriate cell analyzer (i.e., Cytek Aurora 5 laser spectral flow cytometer) and interrogating different brain regions or disease models. Additionally, this protocol does not require microglial cell sorting, resulting in a relatively quick and straightforward experiment. Ultimately, this protocol can compare the distribution of microglial phenotypic states between various experimental groups, such as disease state or age, with a lower cost and higher throughput than scRNA-seq. Key features • Analysis of microglial phenotypes from murine brain without the need for cell sorting, imaging, or scRNA-seq. • This protocol can distinguish between homeostatic, disease-associated (DAM), lipid-droplet accumulating (LDAM), and interferon response (IRM) microglia from any murine brain region and/or disease model of interest. • This protocol can be modified to incorporate additional markers of interest or dyes when using a cell analyzer capable of multiple color detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E. J. Cox
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin D. Pham
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alex W. Keck
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zsabre Wright
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Manu A. Thomas
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah R. Ocañas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Majewska A, Le L, Feidler A, Li H, Kara-Pabani K, Lamantia C, O'Banion MK. Noradrenergic signaling controls Alzheimer's disease pathology via activation of microglial β2 adrenergic receptors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3976896. [PMID: 38464247 PMCID: PMC10925421 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976896/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in the brain. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the loss of NE signaling heightens neuroinflammation and exacerbates amyloid pathology. NE inhibits surveillance activity of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, via their β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs). Here, we investigate the role of microglial β2AR signaling in AD pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. We found that loss of cortical NE projections preceded the degeneration of NE-producing neurons and that microglia in 5xFAD mice, especially those microglia that were associated with plaques, significantly downregulated β2AR gene expression early in amyloid pathology. Importantly, dampening microglial β2AR signaling worsened plaque load and the associated neuritic damage, while stimulating microglial β2AR signaling attenuated amyloid pathology. Our results suggest that microglial β2AR could be explored as a potential therapeutic target to modify AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Herman Li
- University of Rochester Medical Center
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Chisholm TS, Hunter CA. A closer look at amyloid ligands, and what they tell us about protein aggregates. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1354-1374. [PMID: 38116736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid fibrils is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Detecting these fibrils with fluorescent or radiolabelled ligands is one strategy for diagnosing and better understanding these diseases. A vast number of amyloid-binding ligands have been reported in the literature as a result. To obtain a better understanding of how amyloid ligands bind, we have compiled a database of 3457 experimental dissociation constants for 2076 unique amyloid-binding ligands. These ligands target Aβ, tau, or αSyn fibrils, as well as relevant biological samples including AD brain homogenates. From this database significant variation in the reported dissociation constants of ligands was found, possibly due to differences in the morphology of the fibrils being studied. Ligands were also found to bind to Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) fibrils with similar affinities, whereas a greater difference was found for binding to Aβ and tau or αSyn fibrils. Next, the binding of ligands to fibrils was shown to be largely limited by the hydrophobic effect. Some Aβ ligands do not fit into this hydrophobicity-limited model, suggesting that polar interactions can play an important role when binding to this target. Finally several binding site models were outlined for amyloid fibrils that describe what ligands target what binding sites. These models provide a foundation for interpreting and designing site-specific binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
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Izquierdo P, Jolivet RB, Attwell D, Madry C. Amyloid plaques and normal ageing have differential effects on microglial Ca 2+ activity in the mouse brain. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:257-270. [PMID: 37966547 PMCID: PMC10791787 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In microglia, changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) may regulate process motility, inflammasome activation, and phagocytosis. However, while neurons and astrocytes exhibit frequent spontaneous Ca2+ activity, microglial Ca2+ signals are much rarer and poorly understood. Here, we studied [Ca2+]i changes of microglia in acute brain slices using Fluo-4-loaded cells and mice expressing GCaMP5g in microglia. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients occurred ~ 5 times more frequently in individual microglial processes than in their somata. We assessed whether microglial Ca2+ responses change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using AppNL-G-F knock-in mice. Proximity to Aβ plaques strongly affected microglial Ca2+ activity. Although spontaneous Ca2+ transients were unaffected in microglial processes, they were fivefold more frequent in microglial somata near Aβ plaques than in wild-type microglia. Microglia away from Aβ plaques in AD mice showed intermediate properties for morphology and Ca2+ responses, partly resembling those of wild-type microglia. By contrast, somatic Ca2+ responses evoked by tissue damage were less intense in microglia near Aβ plaques than in wild-type microglia, suggesting different mechanisms underlying spontaneous vs. damage-evoked Ca2+ signals. Finally, as similar processes occur in neurodegeneration and old age, we studied whether ageing affected microglial [Ca2+]i. Somatic damage-evoked Ca2+ responses were greatly reduced in microglia from old mice, as in the AD mice. In contrast to AD, however, old age did not alter the occurrence of spontaneous Ca2+ signals in microglial somata but reduced the rate of events in processes. Thus, we demonstrate distinct compartmentalised Ca2+ activity in microglia from healthy, aged and AD-like brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Izquierdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Renaud B Jolivet
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Christian Madry
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Suganuma T, Hatori S, Chen CK, Hori S, Kanuka M, Liu CY, Tatsuzawa C, Yanagisawa M, Hayashi Y. Caffeoylquinic Acid Mitigates Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Decline in 5XFAD Mice Without Reducing the Amyloid-β Plaque Burden. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1285-1301. [PMID: 38788074 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), which is abundant in coffee beans and Centella asiatica, reportedly improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, but its effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and the amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque burden have remained unclear. Objective To assess the effects of a 16-week treatment with CQA on recognition memory, working memory, Aβ levels, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and gene expression in the brains of 5XFAD mice, a commonly used mouse model of familial AD. Methods 5XFAD mice at 7 weeks of age were fed a 0.8% CQA-containing diet for 4 months and then underwent novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The Aβ levels and plaque burden were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Immunostaining of markers of mature neurons, synapses, and glial cells was analyzed. AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the effect of CQA on gene expression levels in the cerebral cortex of the 5XFAD mice. Results CQA treatment for 4 months improved recognition memory and ameliorated the reduction of mature neurons and synaptic function-related gene mRNAs. The Aβ levels, plaque burden, and glial markers of neuroinflammation seemed unaffected. Conclusions These findings suggest that CQA treatment mitigates neuronal loss and improves cognitive function without reducing Aβ levels or neuroinflammation. Thus, CQA is a potential therapeutic compound for AD, improving cognitive function via as-yet unknown mechanisms independent of reductions in Aβ or neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Suganuma
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Japan
| | - Sena Hatori
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chung-Kuan Chen
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Japan
| | - Mika Kanuka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chih-Yao Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chika Tatsuzawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Frontiers of Mirai in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Xu H, Luo Z, Zhang R, Golovynska I, Huang Y, Samanta S, Zhou T, Li S, Guo B, Liu L, Weng X, He J, Liao C, Wang Y, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Exploring the effect of photobiomodulation and gamma visual stimulation induced by 808 nm and visible LED in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112816. [PMID: 38029664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Although photobiomodulation (PBM) and gamma visual stimulatqion (GVS) have been overwhelmingly explored in the recent time as a possible light stimulation (LS) means of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy, their effects have not been assessed at once. In our research, the AD mouse model was stimulated using light with various parameters [continuous wave (PBM) or 40 Hz pulsed visible LED (GVS) or 40 Hz pulsed 808 nm LED (PBM and GVS treatment)]]. The brain slices collected from the LS treated AD model mice were evaluated using (i) fluorescence microscopy to image thioflavine-S labeled amy-loid-β (Aβ) plaques (the main hallmark of AD), or (ii) two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of unlabeled Aβ plaques, showing that the amount of Aβ plaques was reduced after LS treatment. The imaging results correlated well with the results of Morris water maze (MWM) test, which demonstrated that the spatial learning and memory abilities of LS treated mice were noticeably higher than those of untreated mice. The LS effect was also assessed by in vivo nonlinear optical imaging, revealing that the cerebral amyloid angiopathy decreased spe-cifically as a result of 40 Hz pulsed 808 nm irradiation, on the contrary, the angiopathy reversed after visible 40 Hz pulsed light treatment. The obtained results provide useful reference for further optimization of the LS (PBM or GVS) parameters to achieve efficient phototherapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Renlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Iuliia Golovynska
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Soham Samanta
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Bingang Guo
- HOLOKOOK Co. LtD, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China.
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11
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Le L, Feidler AM, Li H, Kara-Pabani K, Lamantia C, O'Banion MK, Majewska KA. Noradrenergic signaling controls Alzheimer's disease pathology via activation of microglial β2 adrenergic receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569564. [PMID: 38106167 PMCID: PMC10723313 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, plaque and tangle accumulation trigger an inflammatory response that mounts positive feed-back loops between inflammation and protein aggregation, aggravating neurite damage and neuronal death. One of the earliest brain regions to undergo neurodegeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC), the predominant site of norepinephrine (NE) production in the central nervous system (CNS). In animal models of AD, dampening the impact of noradrenergic signaling pathways, either through administration of beta blockers or pharmacological ablation of the LC, heightened neuroinflammation through increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Since microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS, it is reasonable to postulate that they are responsible for translating the loss of NE tone into exacerbated disease pathology. Recent findings from our lab demonstrated that noradrenergic signaling inhibits microglia dynamics via β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs), suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory role for microglial β2AR signaling. Thus, we hypothesize that microglial β2 adrenergic signaling is progressively impaired during AD progression, which leads to the chronic immune vigilant state of microglia that worsens disease pathology. First, we characterized changes in microglial β2AR signaling as a function of amyloid pathology. We found that LC neurons and their projections degenerate early and progressively in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD; accompanied by mild decrease in the levels of norepinephrine and its metabolite normetanephrine. Interestingly, while 5xFAD microglia, especially plaque-associated microglia, significant downregulated β2AR gene expression early in amyloid pathology, they did not lose their responsiveness to β2AR stimulation. Most importantly, we demonstrated that specific microglial β2AR deletion worsened disease pathology while chronic β2AR stimulation resulted in attenuation of amyloid pathology and associated neuritic damage, suggesting microglial β2AR might be used as potential therapeutic target to modify AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - A M Feidler
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - H Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester, Rochester NY
| | - K Kara-Pabani
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - C Lamantia
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - M K O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - K A Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester NY
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12
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Sudwarts A, Thinakaran G. Alzheimer's genes in microglia: a risk worth investigating. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:90. [PMID: 37986179 PMCID: PMC10662636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite expressing many key risk genes, the role of microglia in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology is somewhat ambiguous, with various phenotypes reported to be either harmful or protective. Herein, we review some key findings from clinical and animal model investigations, discussing the role of microglial genetics in mediating perturbations from homeostasis. We note that impairment to protective phenotypes may include prolonged or insufficient microglial activation, resulting in dysregulated metabolomic (notably lipid-related) processes, compounded by age-related inflexibility in dynamic responses. Insufficiencies of mouse genetics and aggressive transgenic modelling imply severe limitations in applying current methodologies for aetiological investigations. Despite the shortcomings, widely used amyloidosis and tauopathy models of the disease have proven invaluable in dissecting microglial functional responses to AD pathophysiology. Some recent advances have brought modelling tools closer to human genetics, increasing the validity of both aetiological and translational endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Sudwarts
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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13
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Björk L, Shirani H, Todarwal Y, Linares M, Vidal R, Ghetti B, Norman P, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR. Distinct Heterocyclic Moieties Govern the Selectivity of Thiophene-Vinylene-Based Ligands Towards Aβ or Tau Pathology in Alzheime's Disease. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300583. [PMID: 38585413 PMCID: PMC10997339 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Distinct aggregated proteins are correlated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and the development of ligands that selectively detect these pathological hallmarks is vital. Recently, the synthesis of thiophene-based optical ligands, denoted bi-thiophene-vinyl-benzothiazoles (bTVBTs), that could be utilized for selective assignment of tau pathology in brain tissue with Alzheime's disease (AD) pathology, was reported. Herein, we investigate the ability of these ligands to selectively distinguish tau deposits from aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ), the second AD associated pathological hallmark, when replacing the terminal thiophene moiety with other heterocyclic motifs. The selectivity for tau pathology was reduced when introducing specific heterocyclic motifs, verifying that specific molecular interactions between the ligands and the aggregates are necessary for selective detection of tau deposits. In addition, ligands having certain heterocyclic moieties attached to the central thiophene-vinylene building block displayed selectivity to aggregated Aβ pathology. Our findings provide chemical insights for the development of ligands that can distinguish between aggregated proteinaceous species consisting of different proteins and might also aid in creating novel agents for clinical imaging of tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yogesh Todarwal
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202 Indiana, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202 Indiana, USA
| | - Patrick Norman
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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14
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Bhembre N, Bonthron C, Opazo P. Synaptic Compensatory Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6833-6840. [PMID: 37821232 PMCID: PMC10573755 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0379-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of excitatory synapses is known to underlie the cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although much is known about the mechanisms underlying synaptic loss in AD, how neurons compensate for this loss and whether this provides cognitive benefits remain almost completely unexplored. In this review, we describe two potential compensatory mechanisms implemented following synaptic loss: the enlargement of the surviving neighboring synapses and the regeneration of synapses. Because dendritic spines, the postsynaptic site of excitatory synapses, are easily visualized using light microscopy, we focus on a range of microscopy approaches to monitor synaptic loss and compensation. Here, we stress the importance of longitudinal dendritic spine imaging, as opposed to fixed-tissue imaging, to gain insights into the temporal dynamics of dendritic spine compensation. We believe that understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these and other forms of synaptic compensation and regeneration will be critical for the development of therapeutics aiming at delaying the onset of cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Bhembre
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Calum Bonthron
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Patricio Opazo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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15
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Whittaker DS, Akhmetova L, Carlin D, Romero H, Welsh DK, Colwell CS, Desplats P. Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding rescues brain pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1704-1721.e6. [PMID: 37607543 PMCID: PMC10591997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions impact nearly all people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), emphasizing both their potential role in pathology and the critical need to investigate the therapeutic potential of circadian-modulating interventions. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding (TRF) without caloric restriction improved key disease components including behavioral timing, disease pathology, hippocampal transcription, and memory in two transgenic (TG) mouse models of AD. We found that TRF had the remarkable capability of simultaneously reducing amyloid deposition, increasing Aβ42 clearance, improving sleep and memory, and normalizing daily transcription patterns of multiple genes, including those associated with AD and neuroinflammation. Thus, our study unveils for the first time the pleiotropic nature of timed feeding on AD, which has far-reaching effects beyond metabolism, ameliorating neurodegeneration and the misalignment of circadian rhythmicity. Since TRF can substantially modify disease trajectory, this intervention has immediate translational potential, addressing the urgent demand for accessible approaches to reduce or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Whittaker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laila Akhmetova
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Carlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haylie Romero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David K Welsh
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Uekawa K, Hattori Y, Ahn SJ, Seo J, Casey N, Anfray A, Zhou P, Luo W, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C. Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:73. [PMID: 37789345 PMCID: PMC10548599 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a devastating condition common in patients with Alzheimer's disease but also observed in the general population. Vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction have been implicated in CAA but the cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that brain border-associated macrophages (BAM), yolk sac-derived myeloid cells closely apposed to parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels, are the source of radicals through the Aβ-binding innate immunity receptor CD36, leading to neurovascular dysfunction, CAA, and cognitive impairment. METHODS Tg2576 mice and WT littermates were transplanted with CD36-/- or CD36+/+ bone marrow at 12-month of age and tested at 15 months. This approach enables the repopulation of perivascular and leptomeningeal compartments with CD36-/- BAM. Neurovascular function was tested in anesthetized mice equipped with a cranial window in which cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Amyloid pathology and cognitive function were also examined. RESULTS The increase in blood flow evoked by whisker stimulation (functional hyperemia) or by endothelial and smooth muscle vasoactivity was markedly attenuated in WT → Tg2576 chimeras but was fully restored in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras, in which BAM ROS production was suppressed. CAA-associated Aβ1-40, but not Aβ1-42, was reduced in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras. Similarly, CAA, but not parenchymal plaques, was reduced in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras. These beneficial vascular effects were associated with cognitive improvement. Finally, CD36-/- mice were able to more efficiently clear exogenous Aβ1-40 injected into the neocortex or the striatum. CONCLUSIONS CD36 deletion in BAM suppresses ROS production and rescues the neurovascular dysfunction and damage induced by Aβ. CD36 deletion in BAM also reduced brain Aβ1-40 and ameliorated CAA without affecting parenchyma plaques. Lack of CD36 enhanced the vascular clearance of exogenous Aβ. Restoration of neurovascular function and attenuation of CAA resulted in a near complete rescue of cognitive function. Collectively, these data implicate brain BAM in the pathogenesis of CAA and raise the possibility that targeting BAM CD36 is beneficial in CAA and other conditions associated with vascular Aβ deposition and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uekawa
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sung Ji Ahn
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - James Seo
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nicole Casey
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Antoine Anfray
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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17
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Asgarshamsi MH, Dehkordi MM, Beigi HM, Fassihi A, Saghaie L. Synthesis of Some Benzothiazole Derivatives Based on 3-Hydroxypyridine-4-one and Benzaldehyde and Evaluation of Their β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibition Using both Experimental Methods and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301113. [PMID: 37691012 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Some novel inhibitors based on the (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1-phenylmethanimine derivatives were designed to reduce the aggregation process in Alzheimer's disease. These structures seem to mimic stilbene-like scaffold, while the benzothiazole moiety "locks" the thioflavin T binding site. Other inhibitors were designed based on 2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-(benzyloxy)-1-methylpyridin-4(H)-one derivatives. Benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives were prepared by the reaction of aniline derivatives with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of bromine/acetic acid. Then, the reaction of amines with benzaldehyde derivatives and 5-(benzyloxy)-1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldehyde gave the desired compounds. The plate reader-based fibrillation assay was done to evaluate the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. Also, molecular dynamic simulation was carried out to clarify the interaction manner of the designed compounds with Aβ formation. The biological evaluation proved 5a and 7e as the best inhibitor of the Aβ aggregation. compound 5a in the concentration of 50 μM inhibited Aβ fibril formation better than 7e. MD simulation elucidated that the Aβ aggregation inhibitors in different concentrations represented different binding conformations throughout the entire or in one area of Aβ. MD showed the ligands in lower concentrations accumulate in an area of Aβ aggregations and separate one fibril from the aggregated Aβ. On the contrary, in higher concentrations, the ligands tend to be located through the entire Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Asgarshamsi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 73441-81746
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadpour Dehkordi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 73441-81746
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammad Beigi
- Protein Biophysics, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 73441-81746
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 73441-81746
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18
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Wellman SM, Coyne OA, Douglas MM, Kozai TDY. Aberrant accumulation of age- and disease-associated factors following neural probe implantation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:046044. [PMID: 37531953 PMCID: PMC10594264 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aceca5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Electrical stimulation has had a profound impact on our current understanding of nervous system physiology and provided viable clinical options for addressing neurological dysfunction within the brain. Unfortunately, the brain's immune suppression of indwelling microelectrodes currently presents a major roadblock in the long-term application of neural recording and stimulating devices. In some ways, brain trauma induced by penetrating microelectrodes produces similar neuropathology as debilitating brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), while also suffering from end-stage neuron loss and tissue degeneration. The goal of the present study was to understand whether there may be any parallel mechanisms at play between brain injury from chronic microelectrode implantation and those of neurodegenerative disorder.Approach. We used two-photon microscopy to visualize the accumulation, if any, of age- and disease-associated factors around chronically implanted electrodes in both young and aged mouse models of AD.Main results. We determined that electrode injury leads to aberrant accumulation of lipofuscin, an age-related pigment, in wild-type and AD mice alike. Furthermore, we reveal that chronic microelectrode implantation reduces the growth of pre-existing Alzheimer's plaques while simultaneously elevating amyloid burden at the electrode-tissue interface. Lastly, we uncover novel spatial and temporal patterns of glial reactivity, axonal and myelin pathology, and neurodegeneration related to neurodegenerative disease around chronically implanted microelectrodes.Significance. This study offers multiple novel perspectives on the possible neurodegenerative mechanisms afflicting chronic brain implants, spurring new potential avenues of neuroscience investigation and design of more targeted therapies for improving neural device biocompatibility and treatment of degenerative brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Olivia A Coyne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Madeline M Douglas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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19
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Chen Y. Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Amyloid-β Plaques Imaging In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:6184. [PMID: 37687013 PMCID: PMC10488448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, reactive astrocytes, high levels of metal ions, and upregulated monoamine oxidases are considered to be the primary pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, Aβ peptide deposition or Aβ plaques, is regarded as the initial factor in the pathogenesis of AD and a critical pathological hallmark in AD. This review highlights recently Aβ-specific fluorescent probes for two-photon imaging of Aβ plaques in vivo. It includes the synthesis and detection mechanism of probes, as well as their application to two-photon imaging of Aβ plaques in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Mowry FE, Espejo-Porras F, Jin S, Quadri Z, Wu L, Bertolio M, Jarvis R, Reynolds C, Alananzeh R, Bieberich E, Yang Y. Chronic nSMase inhibition suppresses neuronal exosome spreading and sex-specifically attenuates amyloid pathology in APP knock-in Alzheimer's disease mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106213. [PMID: 37364689 PMCID: PMC10777534 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Female biased pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been consistently observed with unclear underlying mechanisms. Although brain sphingolipid ceramide is elevated in AD patients, whether and how ceramide may contribute to sex-specific differences in amyloid pathology is unknown. Here we investigated the sex-specific impact of chronic pharmacological inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), a key enzyme responsible for ceramide metabolism, on in vivo neuron-derived exosome dynamics, Aβ plaque load, and cognitive function in the APPNL-F/NL-F knock-in (APP NL-F) AD mouse model. Our results found sex-specific increase of cortical C20:0 ceramide and brain exosome levels only in APP NL-F but not in age-matched WT mice. Although nSMase inhibition similarly blocks exosome spreading in male and female mice, significantly reduced amyloid pathology was mostly observed in cortex and hippocampus of female APP NL-F mice with only modest effect found on male APP NL-F mice. Consistently, T maze test to examine spatial working memory revealed a female-specific reduction in spontaneous alternation rate in APP NL-F mice, which was fully reversed with chronic nSMase inhibition. Together, our results suggest that disease induced changes in ceramide and exosome pathways contribute to the progression of female-specific amyloid pathology in APP NL-F AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E Mowry
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Francisco Espejo-Porras
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Shijie Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Marcela Bertolio
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Rachel Jarvis
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Caroline Reynolds
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Rashed Alananzeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, United States.
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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21
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Nikiforova A, Sedov I. Molecular Design of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents Binding to Amyloid Deposits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11152. [PMID: 37446329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and monitor amyloid deposition in the brain using non-invasive imaging techniques provides valuable insights into the early diagnosis and progression of Alzheimer's disease and helps to evaluate the efficacy of potential treatments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely available technique offering high-spatial-resolution imaging. It can be used to visualize amyloid deposits with the help of amyloid-binding diagnostic agents injected into the body. In recent years, a number of amyloid-targeted MRI probes have been developed, but none of them has entered clinical practice. We review the advances in the field and deduce the requirements for the molecular structure and properties of a diagnostic probe candidate. These requirements make up the base for the rational design of MRI-active small molecules targeting amyloid deposits. Particular attention is paid to the novel cryo-EM structures of the fibril aggregates and their complexes, with known binders offering the possibility to use computational structure-based design methods. With continued research and development, MRI probes may revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately improving the lives of millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Nikiforova
- Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Sedov
- Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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22
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Kelly P, Sanchez-Mico MV, Hou SS, Whiteman S, Russ A, Hudry E, Arbel-Ornath M, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ. Neuronally Derived Soluble Abeta Evokes Cell-Wide Astrocytic Calcium Dysregulation in Absence of Amyloid Plaques in Vivo. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4926-4940. [PMID: 37236808 PMCID: PMC10312057 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1988-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The key pathologic entities driving the destruction of synaptic function and integrity during the evolution of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain elusive. Astrocytes are structurally and functionally integrated within synaptic and vascular circuitry and use calcium-based physiology to modulate basal synaptic transmission, vascular dynamics, and neurovascular coupling, which are central to AD pathogenesis. We used high-resolution multiphoton imaging to quantify all endogenous calcium signaling arising spontaneously throughout astrocytic somata, primary processes, fine processes, and capillary endfeet in the brain of awake APP/PS1 transgenic mice (11 male and 6 female mice). Endogenous calcium signaling within capillary endfeet, while surprisingly as active as astrocytic fine processes, was reduced ∼50% in the brain of awake APP/PS1 mice. Cortical astrocytes, in the presence of amyloid plaques in awake APP/PS1 mice, had a cell-wide increase in intracellular calcium associated with an increased frequency, amplitude, and duration of spontaneous calcium signaling. The cell-wide astrocytic calcium dysregulation was not directly related to distance to amyloid plaques. We could re-create the cell-wide intracellular calcium dysregulation in the absence of amyloid plaques following acute exposure to neuronally derived soluble Abeta from Tg2576 transgenic mice, in the living brain of male C57/Bl6 mice. Our findings highlight a role for astrocytic calcium pathophysiology in soluble-Abeta mediated neurodegenerative processes in AD. Additionally, therapeutic strategies aiming to protect astrocytic calcium physiology from soluble Abeta-mediated toxicity may need to pharmacologically enhance calcium signaling within the hypoactive capillary endfeet while reducing the hyperactivity of spontaneous calcium signaling throughout the rest of the astrocyte.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytic calcium signaling is functionally involved in central pathologic processes of Alzheimer's disease. We quantified endogenous calcium signaling arising spontaneously in the brain of awake APP/PS1 mice, as general anesthesia suppressed astrocytic calcium signaling. Cell-wide astrocytic calcium dysregulation was not related to distance to amyloid plaques but mediated in part by neuronally derived soluble Abeta, supporting a role for astrocytes in soluble-Abeta mediated neurodegeneration. Spontaneous calcium signaling is largely compartmentalized and capillary endfeet were as active as fine processes but hypoactive in the presence of amyloid plaques, while the rest of the astrocyte became hyperactive. The cell-wide calcium pathophysiology in astrocytes may require a combination therapeutic strategy for hypoactive endfeet and astrocytic hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kelly
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Mico
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Steven S Hou
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Sara Whiteman
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Alyssa Russ
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Michal Arbel-Ornath
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
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23
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Karaahmet B, Olschowka JA, O'Banion MK. Inconsistent Effects of Glatiramer Acetate Treatment in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1809. [PMID: 37513996 PMCID: PMC10383120 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that involves strong inflammatory components. Aberrant and prolonged inflammation in the CNS is thought to contribute to the development of the pathology. The use of single cytokine approaches to curb or leverage inflammatory mechanisms for disease modifying benefit has often resulted in conflicting data. Furthermore, these treatments were usually delivered locally into the CNS parenchyma, complicating translational efforts. To overcome these hurdles, we tested the use of glatiramer acetate (GA) in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque pathology in the 5xFAD model of AD. GA immunizations were begun at the ages of 2.5 months, 5.5 months, and 8.5 months, and GA was delivered weekly for 8 weeks. While previous data describe potential benefits of GA immunization in decreasing Aβ levels in murine models of AD, we found modest decreases in Aβ levels if given during the development of pathology but, surprisingly, found increased Aβ levels if GA was administered at later stages. The impact of GA treatment was only significant for female mice. Furthermore, we observed no changes between microglial uptake of plaque, CD11c immunopositivity of microglia, or levels of TMEM119 and P2Ry12 on microglia. Overall, these data warrant exercising caution when aiming to repurpose GA for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Karaahmet
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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24
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Björk L, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR. Thiophene-Based Ligands: Design, Synthesis and Their Utilization for Optical Assignment of Polymorphic-Disease-Associated Protein Aggregates. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300044. [PMID: 36891883 PMCID: PMC10404026 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of ligands for detecting protein aggregates is of great interest, as these aggregated proteinaceous species are the pathological hallmarks of several devastating diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, thiophene-based ligands have emerged as powerful tools for fluorescent assessment of these pathological entities. The intrinsic conformationally sensitive photophysical properties of poly- and oligothiophenes have allowed optical assignment of disease-associated protein aggregates in tissue sections, as well as real-time in vivo imaging of protein deposits. Herein, we recount the chemical evolution of different generations of thiophene-based ligands, and exemplify their use for the optical distinction of polymorphic protein aggregates. Furthermore, the chemical determinants for achieving a superior fluorescent thiophene-based ligand, as well as the next generation of thiophene-based ligands targeting distinct aggregated species are described. Finally, the directions for future research into the chemical design of thiophene-based ligands that can aid in resolving the scientific challenges around protein aggregation diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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25
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Leistner C, Wilkinson M, Burgess A, Lovatt M, Goodbody S, Xu Y, Deuchars S, Radford SE, Ranson NA, Frank RAW. The in-tissue molecular architecture of β-amyloid pathology in the mammalian brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2833. [PMID: 37198197 PMCID: PMC10192217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques composed of Aβ fibrils are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular architecture of amyloid plaques in the context of fresh mammalian brain tissue is unknown. Here, using cryogenic correlated light and electron tomography we report the in situ molecular architecture of Aβ fibrils in the AppNL-G-F familial AD mouse model containing the Arctic mutation and an atomic model of ex vivo purified Arctic Aβ fibrils. We show that in-tissue Aβ fibrils are arranged in a lattice or parallel bundles, and are interdigitated by subcellular compartments, extracellular vesicles, extracellular droplets and extracellular multilamellar bodies. The Arctic Aβ fibril differs significantly from an earlier AppNL-F fibril structure, indicating a striking effect of the Arctic mutation. These structural data also revealed an ensemble of additional fibrillar species, including thin protofilament-like rods and branched fibrils. Together, these results provide a structural model for the dense network architecture that characterises β-amyloid plaque pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Leistner
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martin Wilkinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ailidh Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Megan Lovatt
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stanley Goodbody
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yong Xu
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- AstraZeneca, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Susan Deuchars
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - René A W Frank
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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26
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Uekawa K, Hattori Y, Ahn SJ, Seo J, Casey N, Anfray A, Zhou P, Luo W, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C. Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2719812. [PMID: 37162996 PMCID: PMC10168479 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2719812/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a devastating condition common in patients with Alzheimer's disease but also observed in the general population. Vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction have been implicated in CAA but the cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that brain border-associated macrophages (BAM), yolk sac-derived myeloid cells closely apposed to parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels, are the source of radicals through the Aβ-binding innate immunity receptor CD36, leading to neurovascular dysfunction, CAA, and cognitive impairment. Methods: Tg2576 mice and WT littermates were transplanted with CD36 -/- or CD36 +/+ bone marrow at 12-month of age and tested at 15 months. This approach enables the repopulation of perivascular and leptomeningeal compartments with CD36 -/- BAM. Neurovascular function was tested in anesthetized mice equipped with a cranial window in which cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Amyloid pathology and cognitive function were also examined. Results: The increase in blood flow evoked by whisker stimulation (functional hyperemia) or by endothelial and smooth muscle vasoactivity was markedly attenuated in WT®Tg2576 chimeras but was fully restored in CD36 -/- ®Tg2576 chimeras, in which BAM ROS production was suppressed. CAA-associated Aβ 1-40 , but not Aβ 1-42 , was reduced in CD36 -/- ®Tg2576 chimeras. Similarly, CAA, but not parenchymal plaques, was reduced in CD36 -/- ®Tg2576 chimeras. These beneficial vascular effects were associated with cognitive improvement. Finally, CD36 -/- mice were able to more efficiently clear exogenous Aβ 1-40 injected into the neocortex or the striatum. Conclusions: CD36 deletion in BAM suppresses ROS production and rescues the neurovascular dysfunction and damage induced by Aβ. CD36 deletion in BAM also reduced brain Aβ 1-40 and ameliorated CAA without affecting parenchyma plaques. Lack of CD36 enhanced the vascular clearance of exogenous Aβ. Restoration of neurovascular function and attenuation of CAA resulted in a near complete rescue of cognitive function. Collectively, these data implicate CNS BAM in the pathogenesis of CAA and raise the possibility that targeting BAM CD36 is beneficial in CAA and other conditions associated with vascular Aβ deposition and damage.
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27
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Sarabia-Vallejo Á, López-Alvarado P, Menéndez JC. Small-molecule theranostics in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115382. [PMID: 37141706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains one of the most challenging health-related issues for our society. It is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in developed countries, due to the rising life expectancy and, moreover, represents a considerable economic burden worldwide. All efforts at the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the last decades have invariably met with failure, making AD an incurable illness and underscoring the need for new approaches. In recent years, theranostic agents have emerged as an interesting strategy. They are molecules able to simultaneously provide diagnostic information and deliver therapeutic activity, allowing for the assessment of the molecule activity, the organism response and the pharmacokinetics. This makes these compounds promising for streamlining research on AD drugs and for their application in personalized medicine. We review here the field of small-molecule theranostic agents as promising tools for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic resources against AD, highlighting the positive and significant impact that theranostics can be expected to have in the near future in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sarabia-Vallejo
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Alvarado
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Lantz L, Shirani H, Ghetti B, Vidal R, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR. Thiophene-Based Ligands for Histological Multiplex Spectral Detection of Distinct Protein Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203568. [PMID: 36645413 PMCID: PMC10101888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and accumulation of proteins in the brain is the defining feature of many devastating neurodegenerative diseases. The development of fluorescent ligands that bind to these accumulations, or deposits, is essential for the characterization of these neuropathological lesions. We report the synthesis of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) thiophene-based ligands with different emission properties. The D-A-D ligands displayed selectivity towards distinct disease-associated protein deposits in histological sections from postmortem brain tissue of individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of the ligands to selectively identify AD-associated pathological alterations, such as deposits composed of aggregates of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide or tau, was reduced when the chemical composition of the ligands was altered. When combining the D-A-D ligands with conventional thiophene-based ligands, superior spectral separation of distinct protein aggregates in AD tissue sections was obtained. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of new fluorescent ligands that can distinguish between aggregated proteinaceous species, as well as offer novel strategies for developing multiplex fluorescence detection of protein aggregates in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lantz
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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29
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Hou SS, Yang J, Lee JH, Kwon Y, Calvo-Rodriguez M, Bao K, Ahn S, Kashiwagi S, Kumar ATN, Bacskai BJ, Choi HS. Near-infrared fluorescence lifetime imaging of amyloid-β aggregates and tau fibrils through the intact skull of mice. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:270-280. [PMID: 36747008 PMCID: PMC10040441 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods for the in vivo detection of hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease can facilitate the study of the progression of the disease in mouse models and may enable its earlier diagnosis in humans. Here we show that the zwitterionic heptamethine fluorophore ZW800-1C, which has peak excitation and emission wavelengths in the near-infrared optical window, binds in vivo and at high contrast to amyloid-β deposits and to neurofibrillary tangles, and allows for the microscopic imaging of amyloid-β and tau aggregates through the intact skull of mice. In transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, we compare the performance of ZW800-1C with that of the two spectrally similar heptamethine fluorophores ZW800-1A and indocyanine green, and show that ZW800-1C undergoes a longer fluorescence-lifetime shift when bound to amyloid-β and tau aggregates than when circulating in blood vessels. ZW800-1C may prove advantageous for tracking the proteinic aggregates in rodent models of amyloid-β and tau pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Hou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeong Heon Lee
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yeseo Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Ahn
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand T N Kumar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Wellman SM, Coyne OA, Douglas MM, Kozai TDY. Aberrant accumulation of age- and disease-associated factors following neural probe implantation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.11.528131. [PMID: 36891286 PMCID: PMC9993955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.11.528131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has had a profound impact on our current understanding of nervous system physiology and provided viable clinical options for addressing neurological dysfunction within the brain. Unfortunately, the brain's immune suppression of indwelling microelectrodes currently presents a major roadblock in the long-term application of neural recording and stimulating devices. In some ways, brain trauma induced by penetrating microelectrodes produces similar neuropathology as debilitating brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), while also suffering from end-stage neuron loss and tissue degeneration. To understand whether there may be any parallel mechanisms at play between brain injury from chronic microelectrode implantation and those of neurodegenerative disorder, we used two-photon microscopy to visualize the accumulation, if any, of age- and disease-associated factors around chronically implanted electrodes in both young and aged mouse models of AD. With this approach, we determined that electrode injury leads to aberrant accumulation of lipofuscin, an age-related pigment, in wild-type and AD mice alike. Furthermore, we reveal that chronic microelectrode implantation reduces the growth of pre-existing amyloid plaques while simultaneously elevating amyloid burden at the electrode-tissue interface. Lastly, we uncover novel spatial and temporal patterns of glial reactivity, axonal and myelin pathology, and neurodegeneration related to neurodegenerative disease around chronically implanted microelectrodes. This study offers multiple novel perspectives on the possible neurodegenerative mechanisms afflicting chronic brain implants, spurring new potential avenues of neuroscience investigation and design of more targeted therapies for improving neural device biocompatibility and treatment of degenerative brain disease.
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Borgstedt L, Bratke S, Blobner M, Pötzl C, Ulm B, Jungwirth B, Schmid S. Isoflurane has no effect on cognitive or behavioral performance in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1033729. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1033729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with Alzheimer’s disease show a sex-dependent decline of cognitive and behavioral performance. It is controversially discussed whether general anesthesia itself can aggravate or even cause this neurocognitive decline. Therefore, we investigated the effect of general anesthesia on neurocognitive and behavioral function and amyloidopathy in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease with respect to sex.MethodsAfter governmental approval 10 months old Tg2576 mice and wild type (total 85 mice) either underwent general anesthesia with 1.0 minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane for 2 h or were not exposed to isoflurane (controls). Following cognitive and behavioral testing using the modified hole board test (mHBT), brains were investigated regarding amyloidopathy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (UNIANOVA).ResultsTg2576 mice showed a decline in memory function (p < 0.001), less anxiety (p = 0.022 and p = 0.024), increased locomotor activity (p = 0.025), and impaired fine motor skills (p < 0.001). Amyloid precursor protein (p < 0.001), soluble amyloid-beta (p < 0.001) and insoluble amyloid deposits (p < 0.001) were increased in Tg2576 animals. Neither sex nor exposure to isoflurane had an effect on cognitive or behavioral testing or expression of amyloid-related biomarkers.Discussion and conclusionWe found that 10 months old Tg2576 showed typical signs of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease and corresponding histopathological alterations. Relevant sex-specific differences or an effect of isoflurane anesthesia could not be detected at this early stage of the disease.
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Lemke G, Huang Y. The dense-core plaques of Alzheimer's disease are granulomas. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213305. [PMID: 35731195 PMCID: PMC9225945 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dense-core plaques, whose centers contain highly polymerized and compacted aggregates of amyloid β peptides, are one of the two defining histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Recent findings indicate that these plaques do not form spontaneously but are instead constructed by microglia, the tissue macrophages of the central nervous system. We discuss cellular, structural, functional, and gene expression criteria by which the microglial assembly of dense-core plaques in the Alzheimer's brain parallels the construction of granulomas by macrophages in other settings. We compare the genesis of these plaques to the macrophage assembly of mycobacterial granulomas, the defining histopathological features of tuberculosis. We suggest that if dense-core plaques are indeed granulomas, their simple disassembly may be contraindicated as an Alzheimer's therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA.,Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Youtong Huang
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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Åbjørsbråten KS, Skaaraas GHES, Cunen C, Bjørnstad DM, Binder KMG, Bojarskaite L, Jensen V, Nilsson LNG, Rao SB, Tang W, Hermansen GH, Nagelhus EA, Ottersen OP, Torp R, Enger R. Impaired astrocytic Ca 2+ signaling in awake-behaving Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. eLife 2022; 11:e75055. [PMID: 35833623 PMCID: PMC9352348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased astrocytic Ca2+ signaling has been shown in Alzheimer's disease mouse models, but to date no reports have characterized behaviorally induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in such mice. Here, we employ an event-based algorithm to assess astrocytic Ca2+ signals in the neocortex of awake-behaving tg-ArcSwe mice and non-transgenic wildtype littermates while monitoring pupil responses and behavior. We demonstrate an attenuated astrocytic Ca2+ response to locomotion and an uncoupling of pupil responses and astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in 15-month-old plaque-bearing mice. Using the genetically encoded fluorescent norepinephrine sensor GRABNE, we demonstrate a reduced norepinephrine signaling during spontaneous running and startle responses in the transgenic mice, providing a possible mechanistic underpinning of the observed reduced astrocytic Ca2+ responses. Our data points to a dysfunction in the norepinephrine-astrocyte Ca2+ activity axis, which may account for some of the cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Sindre Åbjørsbråten
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Gry HE Syverstad Skaaraas
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Céline Cunen
- Statistics and Data Science group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Norwegian Computing CenterOsloNorway
| | - Daniel M Bjørnstad
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Kristin M Gullestad Binder
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Laura Bojarskaite
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Vidar Jensen
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars NG Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Shreyas B Rao
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Wannan Tang
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Gudmund Horn Hermansen
- Statistics and Data Science group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Erlend A Nagelhus
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Reidun Torp
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Rune Enger
- GliaLab at the Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of OsloOsloNorway
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Karaahmet B, Le L, Mendes MS, Majewska AK, O'Banion MK. Repopulated microglia induce expression of Cxcl13 with differential changes in Tau phosphorylation but do not impact amyloid pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:173. [PMID: 35787714 PMCID: PMC9252071 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult microglia rely on self-renewal through division to repopulate and sustain their numbers. However, with aging, microglia display morphological and transcriptional changes that reflect a heightened state of neuroinflammation. This state threatens aging neurons and other cells and can influence the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine whether renewing microglia through a forced partial depletion/repopulation method could attenuate AD pathology in the 3xTg and APP/PS1 mouse models. METHODS We pharmacologically depleted the microglia of two cohorts of 21- to 22-month-old 3xTg mice and one cohort of 14-month-old APP/PS1 mice using PLX5622 formulated in chow for 2 weeks. Following depletion, we returned the mice to standard chow diet for 1 month to allow microglial repopulation. We assessed the effect of depletion and repopulation on AD pathology, microglial gene expression, and surface levels of homeostatic markers on microglia using immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNAseq and flow cytometry. RESULTS Although we did not identify a significant impact of microglial repopulation on amyloid pathology in either of the AD models, we observed differential changes in phosphorylated-Tau epitopes after repopulation in the 3xTg mice. We provide evidence that repopulated microglia in the hippocampal formation exhibited changes in the levels of homeostatic microglial markers. Lastly, we identified novel subpopulations of microglia by performing single-cell RNAseq analysis on CD45int/+ cells from hippocampi of control and repopulated 3xTg mice. In particular, one subpopulation induced after repopulation is characterized by heightened expression of Cxcl13. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that depleting and repopulating microglia causes overexpression of microglial Cxcl13 with disparate effects on Tau and amyloid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Karaahmet
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Monique S Mendes
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Ren W, Li L, Zhang J, Vaas M, Klohs J, Ripoll J, Wolf M, Ni R, Rudin M. Non-invasive visualization of amyloid-beta deposits in Alzheimer amyloidosis mice using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence molecular tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3809-3822. [PMID: 35991935 PMCID: PMC9352276 DOI: 10.1364/boe.458290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cerebral accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Non-invasive monitoring of Aβ deposits enables assessing the disease burden in patients and animal models mimicking aspects of the human disease as well as evaluating the efficacy of Aβ-modulating therapies. Previous in vivo assessments of plaque load have been predominantly based on macroscopic fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) and confocal or two-photon microscopy using Aβ-specific imaging agents. However, the former method lacks depth resolution, whereas the latter is restricted by the limited field of view preventing a full coverage of the large brain region. Here, we utilized a fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pipeline with the curcumin derivative fluorescent probe CRANAD-2 to achieve full 3D brain coverage for detecting Aβ accumulation in the arcAβ mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. A homebuilt FMT system was used for data acquisition, whereas a customized software platform enabled the integration of MRI-derived anatomical information as prior information for FMT image reconstruction. The results obtained from the FMT-MRI study were compared to those from conventional planar FRI recorded under similar physiological conditions, yielding comparable time courses of the fluorescence intensity following intravenous injection of CRANAD-2 in a region-of-interest comprising the brain. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility of visualizing Aβ deposition in 3D using a multimodal FMT-MRI strategy. This hybrid imaging method provides complementary anatomical, physiological and molecular information, thereby enabling the detailed characterization of the disease status in arcAβ mouse models, which can also facilitate monitoring the efficacy of putative treatments targeting Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Ren
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianru Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Markus Vaas
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid 28005, Spain
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8952, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- The LOOP Zurich, Translational Research Center, Zurich 8044, Switzerland
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Xia D, Lianoglou S, Sandmann T, Calvert M, Suh JH, Thomsen E, Dugas J, Pizzo ME, DeVos SL, Earr TK, Lin CC, Davis S, Ha C, Leung AWS, Nguyen H, Chau R, Yulyaningsih E, Lopez I, Solanoy H, Masoud ST, Liang CC, Lin K, Astarita G, Khoury N, Zuchero JY, Thorne RG, Shen K, Miller S, Palop JJ, Garceau D, Sasner M, Whitesell JD, Harris JA, Hummel S, Gnörich J, Wind K, Kunze L, Zatcepin A, Brendel M, Willem M, Haass C, Barnett D, Zimmer TS, Orr AG, Scearce-Levie K, Lewcock JW, Di Paolo G, Sanchez PE. Novel App knock-in mouse model shows key features of amyloid pathology and reveals profound metabolic dysregulation of microglia. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:41. [PMID: 35690868 PMCID: PMC9188195 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mutations underlying familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) were identified decades ago, but the field is still in search of transformative therapies for patients. While mouse models based on overexpression of mutated transgenes have yielded key insights in mechanisms of disease, those models are subject to artifacts, including random genetic integration of the transgene, ectopic expression and non-physiological protein levels. The genetic engineering of novel mouse models using knock-in approaches addresses some of those limitations. With mounting evidence of the role played by microglia in AD, high-dimensional approaches to phenotype microglia in those models are critical to refine our understanding of the immune response in the brain. METHODS We engineered a novel App knock-in mouse model (AppSAA) using homologous recombination to introduce three disease-causing coding mutations (Swedish, Arctic and Austrian) to the mouse App gene. Amyloid-β pathology, neurodegeneration, glial responses, brain metabolism and behavioral phenotypes were characterized in heterozygous and homozygous AppSAA mice at different ages in brain and/ or biofluids. Wild type littermate mice were used as experimental controls. We used in situ imaging technologies to define the whole-brain distribution of amyloid plaques and compare it to other AD mouse models and human brain pathology. To further explore the microglial response to AD relevant pathology, we isolated microglia with fibrillar Aβ content from the brain and performed transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses and in vivo brain imaging to measure energy metabolism and microglial response. Finally, we also characterized the mice in various behavioral assays. RESULTS Leveraging multi-omics approaches, we discovered profound alteration of diverse lipids and metabolites as well as an exacerbated disease-associated transcriptomic response in microglia with high intracellular Aβ content. The AppSAA knock-in mouse model recapitulates key pathological features of AD such as a progressive accumulation of parenchymal amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits, altered astroglial and microglial responses and elevation of CSF markers of neurodegeneration. Those observations were associated with increased TSPO and FDG-PET brain signals and a hyperactivity phenotype as the animals aged. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that fibrillar Aβ in microglia is associated with lipid dyshomeostasis consistent with lysosomal dysfunction and foam cell phenotypes as well as profound immuno-metabolic perturbations, opening new avenues to further investigate metabolic pathways at play in microglia responding to AD-relevant pathogenesis. The in-depth characterization of pathological hallmarks of AD in this novel and open-access mouse model should serve as a resource for the scientific community to investigate disease-relevant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xia
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Steve Lianoglou
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Thomas Sandmann
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Meredith Calvert
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Jung H. Suh
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Elliot Thomsen
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Jason Dugas
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Michelle E. Pizzo
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Sarah L. DeVos
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Timothy K. Earr
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Chia-Ching Lin
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Sonnet Davis
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Connie Ha
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Amy Wing-Sze Leung
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Roni Chau
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Ernie Yulyaningsih
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Isabel Lopez
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Hilda Solanoy
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Shababa T. Masoud
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Chun-chi Liang
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Karin Lin
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Joy Yu Zuchero
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Robert G. Thorne
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 9-177 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Kevin Shen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Stephanie Miller
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Selina Hummel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Gnörich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Kunze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität, München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Till S. Zimmer
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Anna G. Orr
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Kimberly Scearce-Levie
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Joseph W. Lewcock
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
| | - Pascal E. Sanchez
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California, 94080 USA
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Yin X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang W, Sun X, Zhang H, Gao Z, Jiang H. High-Resolution Digital Panorama of Multiple Structures in Whole Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:870520. [PMID: 35516801 PMCID: PMC9067162 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.870520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously visualizing Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque with its surrounding brain structures at the subcellular level in the intact brain is essential for understanding the complex pathology of Alzheimer's disease, but is still rarely achieved due to the technical limitations. Combining the micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST) system, whole-brain Nissl staining, and customized image processing workflow, we generated a whole-brain panorama of Alzheimer's disease mice without specific labeling. The workflow employed the steps that include virtual channel splitting, feature enhancement, iso-surface rendering, direct volume rendering, and feature fusion to extract and reconstruct the different signals with distinct gray values and morphologies. Taking advantage of this workflow, we found that the denser-distribution areas of Aβ plaques appeared with relatively more somata and smaller vessels, but show a dissimilar distributing pattern with nerve tracts. In addition, the entorhinal cortex and adjacent subiculum regions present the highest density and biggest diameter of plaques. The neuronal processes in the vicinity of these Aβ plaques showed significant structural alternation such as bending or abrupt branch ending. The capillaries inside or adjacent to the plaques were observed with abundant distorted micro-vessels and abrupt ending. Depicting Aβ plaques, somata, nerve processes and tracts, and blood vessels simultaneously, this panorama enables us for the first time, to analyze how the Aβ plaques interact with capillaries, somata, and processes at a submicron resolution of 3D whole-brain scale, which reveals potential pathological effects of Aβ plaques from a new cross-scale view. Our approach opens a door to routine systematic studies of complex interactions among brain components in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhen Yin
- Center for MOST and Image Fusion Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xianzhen Yin
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Center for MOST and Image Fusion Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Center for MOST and Image Fusion Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Haiyan Zhang
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, China
- Zhaobing Gao
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Hualiang Jiang
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Treadmill Exercise Promotes Microglial β-Amyloid Clearance and Prevents Cognitive Decline in APP/PS1 Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 491:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huffels CFM, Osborn LM, Cappaert NLM, Hol EM. Calcium signaling in individual APP/PS1 mouse dentate gyrus astrocytes increases ex vivo with Aβ pathology and age without affecting astrocyte network activity. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1281-1295. [PMID: 35293016 PMCID: PMC9314019 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical for healthy brain function. In Alzheimer's disease, astrocytes become reactive, which affects their signaling properties. Here, we measured spontaneous calcium transients ex vivo in hippocampal astrocytes in brain slices containing the dentate gyrus of 6- (6M) and 9-month-old (9M) APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. We investigated the frequency and duration of calcium transients in relation to aging, amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, and the proximity of the astrocyte to Aβ plaques. The 6M APP/PS1 astrocytes showed no change in spontaneous calcium-transient properties compared to wild-type (WT) astrocytes. 9M APP/PS1 astrocytes, however, showed more hyperactivity compared to WT, characterized by increased spontaneous calcium transients that were longer in duration. Our data also revealed an effect of aging, as 9M astrocytes overall showed an increase in calcium activity compared to 6M astrocytes. Subsequent calcium-wave analysis showed an increase in sequential calcium transients (i.e., calcium waves) in 9M astrocytes, suggesting increased network activity ex vivo. Further analysis using null models revealed that this network effect is caused by chance, due to the increased number of spontaneous transients. Our findings show that alterations in calcium signaling in individual hippocampal astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice are subject to both aging and Aβ pathology but these do not lead to a change in astrocyte network activity. These alterations in calcium dynamics of astrocytes may help to understand changes in neuronal physiology leading to cognitive decline and ultimately dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lana M Osborn
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Cellular and Computational Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie L M Cappaert
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Cellular and Computational Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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FASTMAP: Open-Source Flexible Atlas Segmentation Tool for Multi-Area Processing of Biological Images. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0325-21.2022. [PMID: 35228311 PMCID: PMC8938980 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0325-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand complex systems, such as the brain, studying the interactions between multiple brain regions is imperative. Such experiments often require delineation of multiple brain regions on microscopic images based on preexisting brain atlases. Experiments examining the relationships of multiple regions across the brain have traditionally relied on manual plotting of regions. This process is very intensive and becomes untenable with a large number of regions of interest (ROIs). To reduce the amount of time required to process multi-region datasets, several tools for atlas registration have been developed; however, these tools are often inflexible to tissue type, only supportive of a limited number of atlases and orientation, require considerable computational expertise, or are only compatible with certain types of microscopy. To address the need for a simple yet extensible atlas registration tool, we have developed FASTMAP, a Flexible Atlas Segmentation Tool for Multi-Area Processing. We demonstrate its ability to register images efficiently and flexibly to custom mouse brain atlas plates, to detect differences in the regional numbers of labels of interest, and to conduct densitometry analyses. This open-source and user-friendly tool will facilitate the atlas registration of diverse tissue types, unconventional atlas organizations, and a variety of tissue preparations.
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Huffels CFM, Osborn LM, Hulshof LA, Kooijman L, Henning L, Steinhäuser C, Hol EM. Amyloid-β plaques affect astrocyte Kir4.1 protein expression but not function in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice. Glia 2022; 70:748-767. [PMID: 34981861 PMCID: PMC9306581 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer pathology is accompanied by astrogliosis. Reactive astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques may directly affect neuronal communication, and one of the mechanisms by which astrocytes impact neuronal function is by affecting K+ homeostasis. Here we studied, using hippocampal slices from 9‐month‐old Alzheimer mice (APP/PS1) and wild‐type littermates, whether astrocyte function is changed by analyzing Kir4.1 expression and function and astrocyte coupling in astrocytes surrounding amyloid‐β plaques. Immunohistochemical analysis of Kir4.1 protein in the dentate gyrus revealed localized increases in astrocytes surrounding amyloid‐β plaque deposits. We subsequently focused on changes in astrocyte function by using patch‐clamp slice electrophysiology on both plaque‐ and non‐plaque associated astrocytes to characterize general membrane properties. We found that Ba2+‐sensitive Kir4.1 conductance in astrocytes surrounding plaques was not affected by changes in Kir4.1 protein expression. Additional analysis of astrocyte gap junction coupling efficiency in the dentate gyrus revealed no apparent changes. Quantification of basic features of glutamatergic transmission to granule cells did not indicate disturbed neuronal communication in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice. Together, these results suggest that astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of APP/PS1 mice maintain their ability to buffer extracellular K+ and attempt to rectify imbalances in K+ concentration to maintain normal neuronal and synaptic function, possibly by localized increases in Kir4.1 protein expression. Our earlier transcriptomic data indicated that chronically activated astrocytes lose their neuronal support function. Here we show that, despite localized increased Kir4.1 protein expression, astrocyte Kir4.1 channel dysfunction is likely not involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F. M. Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lana M. Osborn
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lianne A. Hulshof
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lukas Henning
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain CenterUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Schmued L. Use of a stable and solvent-soluble variant of Amylo-Glo, Amylo-Glo+, for the high-contrast and resolution fluorescent localization of amyloid plaques in murine and human brain tissue sections. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 365:109381. [PMID: 34662590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous different fluorescent compounds have been used for the fluorescent localization of amyloid plaques, limitations include weak fluorescence, low contrast, low resolution, broad excitation / emission profile and chemical instability. NEW METHOD Amylo-Glo+ was reconstituted from a powder into a stable solution for the histological staining of plaques in brain tissue sections from both patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. RESULTS Amylo-Glo+ was found to result in high resolution and contrast labeling of amyloid plaques. The tracer was excited exclusively by ultraviolet light illumination. The staining of amyloid plaques corresponded with the labeling pattern seen following staining with HQ-O. Counterstaining with ethidium bromide resulted in no bleed-through of the Amylo-Glo+ under blue or green light excitation. The tracer was stable in both powder and solution form. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Amylo-Glo+ was found to be more stable, in both a powder and solution form, than the original Amylo-Glo, brighter than Congo red, of narrower emission and greater contrast than Thioflavine S and of narrower emission than X-34 and BSB. CONCLUSION Amylo-Glo+ is a stable and solvent soluble variant of Amylo-Glo that allows for the high contrast and resolution localization of amyloid plaques in tissue sections from the brains of transgenic mice and humans with Alzheimer's disease. The tracer is also solely excited by ultraviolet light, making it ideal for fluorescent multiple labeling studies in combination with commonly used red or green fluorophores. It is also stable in both solution and powder form, unlike the original Amylo-Glo which is only available as a basic solution that is prone to precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Schmued
- Histo-Chem Inc, PO Box 183, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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43
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Abstract
Glutamatergic neurotransmission is a widespread form of synaptic excitation in the mammalian brain. The development of genetically encoded fluorescent glutamate sensors allows monitoring synaptic signaling in living brain tissue in real time. Here, we describe single- and two-photon imaging of synaptically evoked glutamatergic population signals in acute hippocampal slices expressing the fluorescent glutamate sensor SF-iGluSnFR.A184S in CA1 or CA3 pyramidal neurons. The protocol can be readily used to study defective synaptic glutamate signaling in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer disease. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zott et al. (2019).
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Long-term dynamics of aberrant neuronal activity in awake Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1368. [PMID: 34876653 PMCID: PMC8651654 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with aberrant neuronal activity, which is believed to critically determine disease symptoms. How these activity alterations emerge, how stable they are over time, and whether cellular activity dynamics are affected by the amyloid plaque pathology remains incompletely understood. We here repeatedly recorded the activity from identified neurons in cortex of awake APPPS1 transgenic mice over four weeks during the early phase of plaque deposition using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging. We found that aberrant activity during this stage largely persisted over the observation time. Novel highly active neurons slowly emerged from former intermediately active neurons. Furthermore, activity fluctuations were independent of plaque proximity, but aberrant activity was more likely to persist close to plaques. These results support the notion that neuronal network pathology observed in models of cerebral amyloidosis is the consequence of persistent single cell aberrant neuronal activity, a finding of potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance for AD.
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45
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Jiang B, Martí AA. Probing Amyloid Nanostructures Using Photoluminescent Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main St, Chemistry MS60 Houston Texas 77005 United States
| | - Angel A. Martí
- Department of Chemistry Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Material Science & NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main St, Chemistry MS60 Houston Texas 77005 United States
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Lines J, Baraibar AM, Fang C, Martin ED, Aguilar J, Lee MK, Araque A, Kofuji P. Astrocyte-neuronal network interplay is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease mice. Glia 2021; 70:368-378. [PMID: 34726298 PMCID: PMC8665078 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with senile plaques of beta-amyloid (Aβ) that affect the function of neurons and astrocytes. Brain activity results from the coordinated function of neurons and astrocytes in astroglial-neuronal networks. However, the effects of Aβ on astroglial and neuronal network function remains unknown. Simultaneously monitoring astrocyte calcium and electric neuronal activities, we quantified the impact of Aβ on sensory-evoked cortical activity in a mouse model of AD. At rest, cortical astrocytes displayed spontaneous hyperactivity that was related to Aβ density. Sensory-evoked astrocyte responsiveness was diminished in AD mice, depending on the density and distance of Aβ, and the responses showed altered calcium dynamics. Hence, astrocytes were spontaneously hyperactive but hypo-responsive to sensory stimulation. Finally, AD mice showed sensory-evoked electrical cortical hyperresponsiveness associated with altered astrocyte-neuronal network interplay. Our findings suggest dysfunction of astrocyte networks in AD mice may dysregulate cortical electrical activity and contribute to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lines
- Department of Neuroscience, 321 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrés M. Baraibar
- Department of Neuroscience, 321 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cenxiao Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, 321 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Juan Aguilar
- Experimental Neurophysiology and Neuronal Circuits. Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos. SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, 321 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, 321 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Paulo Kofuji, Dept. Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 4-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: 612 625 6457, , Dr. Alfonso Araque, Dept. Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 4-110 WMBB, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: 612 624 0901,
| | - Paulo Kofuji
- Department of Neuroscience, 321 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Paulo Kofuji, Dept. Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 4-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: 612 625 6457, , Dr. Alfonso Araque, Dept. Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 4-110 WMBB, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: 612 624 0901,
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Fonseca EA, Lafeta L, Luiz Campos J, Cunha R, Barbosa A, Romano-Silva MA, Vieira R, Malard LM, Jorio A. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of lipid halo and dense-core amyloid plaques: aging process characterization in the Alzheimer's disease APPswePS1ΔE9 mouse model. Analyst 2021; 146:6014-6025. [PMID: 34505596 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid plaques is considered one of the main microscopic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since plaque formation can precede extensive neurodegeneration and it is the main clinical manifestation of AD, it constitutes a relevant target for new treatment and diagnostic approaches. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, a label-free technique, is an accurate method for amyloid plaque identification and characterization. Here, we present a high spatial resolution micro-Raman hyperspectral study in transgenic APPswePS1ΔE9 mouse brains, showing details of AD tissue biochemical and histological changes without staining. First we used stimulated micro-Raman scattering to identify the lipid-rich halo surrounding the amyloid plaque, and then proceeded with spontaneous (conventional) micro-Raman spectral mapping, which shows a cholesterol and sphingomyelin lipid-rich halo structure around dense-core amyloid plaques. The detailed images of this lipid halo relate morphologically well with dystrophic neurites surrounding plaques. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the micro-Raman hyperspectral data indicates the feasibility of the optical biomarkers of AD progression with the potential for discriminating transgenic groups of young adult mice (6-month-old) from older ones (12-month-old). Frequency-specific PCA suggests that plaque-related neurodegeneration is the predominant change captured by Raman spectroscopy, and the main differences are highlighted by vibrational modes associated with cholesterol located majorly in the lipid halo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson A Fonseca
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Tecnológica e Biofarmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lafeta
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - João Luiz Campos
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Renan Cunha
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Departamento de Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Malard
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Tecnológica e Biofarmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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Shapira R, Gdalyahu A, Gottfried I, Sasson E, Hadanny A, Efrati S, Blinder P, Ashery U. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy alleviates vascular dysfunction and amyloid burden in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model and in elderly patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20935-20961. [PMID: 34499614 PMCID: PMC8457592 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is entwined with aging and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and consequently, hypoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is in clinical use for a wide range of medical conditions. In the current study, we exposed 5XFAD mice, a well-studied AD model that presents impaired cognitive abilities, to HBOT and then investigated the therapeutical effects using two-photon live animal imaging, behavioral tasks, and biochemical and histological analysis. HBOT increased arteriolar luminal diameter and elevated CBF, thus contributing to reduced hypoxia. Furthermore, HBOT reduced amyloid burden by reducing the volume of pre-existing plaques and attenuating the formation of new ones. This was associated with changes in amyloid precursor protein processing, elevated degradation and clearance of Aß protein and improved behavior of 5XFAD mice. Hence, our findings are consistent with the effects of HBOT being mediated partially through a persistent structural change in blood vessels that reduces brain hypoxia. Motivated by these findings, we exposed elderly patients with significant memory loss at baseline to HBOT and observed an increase in CBF and improvement in cognitive performances. This study demonstrates HBOT efficacy in hypoxia-related neurological conditions, particularly in AD and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Shapira
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Gdalyahu
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Gottfried
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Sasson
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Amir Hadanny
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Pablo Blinder
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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49
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Vogels T, Vargová G, Brezováková V, Quint WH, Hromádka T. Viral Delivery of Non-Mutated Human Truncated Tau to Neurons Recapitulates Key Features of Human Tauopathy in Wild-Type Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:551-568. [PMID: 32675411 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and truncated tau aggregates is one of the major defining factors and key drivers of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. OBJECTIVE We developed an AAV-induced model of tauopathy mediated by human truncated tau protein without familial frontotemporal dementia-related mutations to study tau propagation and the functional consequences of tau pathology. METHODS We performed targeted transductions of the hippocampus or entorhinal cortex in adult mice followed by histological analysis to study the progression of hippocampal tau pathology and tau spreading. We performed behavioral analysis of mice with AAV-induced hippocampal tau pathology. RESULTS AAV-induced hippocampal tau pathology was characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation (AT8 positivity), sarkosyl insolubility, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. AAV-induced tau pathology was associated with microgliosis and hypertrophic astrocytes in the absence of cognitive deficits. Additionally, the co-expression of mCherry fluorescent protein and human truncated tau enabled us to detect both local spreading of human tau and spreading from the entorhinal cortex to the synaptically connected dentate gyrus. CONCLUSION Targeted delivery of AAV with truncated tau protein into subcortical and cortical structures of mammalian brains represents an efficient approach for creating temporally and spatially well-defined tau pathology suitable for in vivo studies of tau propagation and neuronal circuit deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogels
- Axon Neuroscience R & D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gréta Vargová
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Tomáš Hromádka
- Axon Neuroscience R & D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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50
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Quint WH, Matečko-Burmann I, Schilcher I, Löffler T, Schöll M, Burmann BM, Vogels T. Bispecific Tau Antibodies with Additional Binding to C1q or Alpha-Synuclein. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:813-829. [PMID: 33579845 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cellular accumulation of aggregated tau protein. Tau pathology within these disorders is accompanied by chronic neuroinflammation, such as activation of the classical complement pathway by complement initiation factor C1q. Additionally, about half of the AD cases present with inclusions composed of aggregated alpha-synuclein called Lewy bodies. Lewy bodies in disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia also frequently occur together with tau pathology. OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy is currently the most promising treatment strategy for tauopathies. However, the presence of multiple pathological processes within tauopathies makes it desirable to simultaneously target more than one disease pathway. METHODS Herein, we have developed three bispecific antibodies based on published antibody binding region sequences. One bispecific antibody binds to tau plus alpha-synuclein and two bispecific antibodies bind to tau plus C1q. RESULTS Affinity of the bispecific antibodies to their targets compared to their monospecific counterparts ranged from nearly identical to one order of magnitude lower. All bispecific antibodies retained binding to aggregated protein in patient-derived brain sections. The bispecific antibodies also retained their ability to inhibit aggregation of recombinant tau, regardless of whether the tau binding sites were in IgG or scFv format. Mono- and bispecific antibodies inhibited cellular seeding induced by AD-derived pathological tau with similar efficacy. Finally, both Tau-C1q bispecific antibodies completely inhibited the classical complement pathway. CONCLUSION Bispecific antibodies that bind to multiple pathological targets may therefore present a promising approach to treat tauopathies and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Matečko-Burmann
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tina Löffler
- QPS Austria GmbH, Neuropharmacology, Grambach, Austria
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Björn Marcus Burmann
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Vogels
- Maptimmune BV, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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