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Sabir K, Rose T, Wittkop B, Stahl A, Snowdon RJ, Ballvora A, Friedt W, Kage H, Léon J, Ordon F, Stützel H, Zetzsche H, Chen TW. Stage-specific genotype-by-environment interactions determine yield components in wheat. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1688-1696. [PMID: 37735253 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In cereal crops, environmental fluctuations affect different physiological processes during various developmental phases associated with the formation of yield components. Because these effects are coupled with cultivar-specific phenology, studies investigating environmental responses in different cultivars can give contradictory results regarding key phases impacting yield performance. To dissect how genotype-by-environment interactions affect grain yield in winter wheat, we estimated the sensitivities of yield components to variation in global radiation, temperature and precipitation in 220 cultivars across 81 time-windows ranging from double ridge to seed desiccation. Environmental sensitivity responses were prominent in the short-term physiological subphases of spike and kernel development, causing phenologically dependent, stage-specific genotype-by-environment interactions. Here we reconcile contradicting findings from previous studies and show previously undetected effects; for example, the positive impact of global radiation on kernel weight during canopy senescence. This deep insight into the three-way interactions between phenology, yield formation and environmental fluctuations provides comprehensive new information for breeding and modelling cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Sabir
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Rose
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Science, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wittkop
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friedt
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henning Kage
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Science, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Stützel
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Zetzsche
- Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Tsu-Wei Chen
- Group of Intensive Plant Food Systems, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institut of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Večeřová K, Oravec M, Puranik S, Findurová H, Veselá B, Opoku E, Ofori-Amanfo KK, Klem K, Urban O, Sahu PP. Single and interactive effects of variables associated with climate change on wheat metabolome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002561. [PMID: 36299781 PMCID: PMC9589161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges linked with future food and nutritional security is to evaluate the interactive effect of climate variables on plants' growth, fitness, and yield parameters. These interactions may lead to unique shifts in the morphological, physiological, gene expression, or metabolite accumulation patterns, leading to an adaptation response that is specific to future climate scenarios. To understand such changes, we exposed spring wheat to 7 regimes (3 single and 4 combined climate treatments) composed of elevated temperature, the enhanced concentration of CO2, and progressive drought stress corresponding to the predicted climate of the year 2100. The physiological and metabolic responses were then compared with the current climate represented by the year 2020. We found that the elevated CO2 (eC) mitigated some of the effects of elevated temperature (eT) on physiological performance and metabolism. The metabolite profiling of leaves revealed 44 key metabolites, including saccharides, amino acids, and phenolics, accumulating contrastingly under individual regimes. These metabolites belong to the central metabolic pathways that are essential for cellular energy, production of biosynthetic pathways precursors, and oxidative balance. The interaction of eC alleviated the negative effect of eT possibly by maintaining the rate of carbon fixation and accumulation of key metabolites and intermediates linked with the Krebs cycle and synthesis of phenolics. Our study for the first time revealed the influence of a specific climate factor on the accumulation of metabolic compounds in wheat. The current work could assist in the understanding and development of climate resilient wheat by utilizing the identified metabolites as breeding targets for food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Večeřová
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michal Oravec
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Swati Puranik
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Findurová
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Emmanuel Opoku
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kojo Kwakye Ofori-Amanfo
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karel Klem
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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3
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Osman K, Franklin FCH, Sanchez-Moran E. Cytogenetic Techniques for Analyzing Meiosis in Hexaploid Bread Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2484:71-84. [PMID: 35461445 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2253-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes several cytogenetic procedures developed for investigating meiotic recombination in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) using standard fluorescence microscopy. Two basic methods are used to prepare slides for microscopy. In the cytological technique, wheat anthers are excised, fixed and used to prepare chromosome spreads which can be visualized following the application of a fluorescent DNA stain. In the immunocytological technique, fresh anthers are used to prepare chromosome spreads for analyzing the localization of meiotic proteins by applying specific antibodies followed by fluorescently tagged secondary antibodies. Both methods can be combined with the use of DNA probes to label specific chromosome regions such as telomeres, centromeres, and rDNA sequences in a procedure known as fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). In addition, the cytological technique can be used in conjunction with S-phase incorporation of the DNA base analog, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and a modified immunolocalization procedure for a convenient meiotic time course assay. Although these protocols were developed for T. aestivum cv. Cadenza, they are directly applicable to other varieties and we have used them successfully for several other hexaploid cultivars and the tetraploid Triticum turgidum cv. Kronos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Osman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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4
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Xu J, Lowe C, Hernandez-Leon SG, Dreisigacker S, Reynolds MP, Valenzuela-Soto EM, Paul MJ, Heuer S. The Effects of Brief Heat During Early Booting on Reproductive, Developmental, and Chlorophyll Physiological Performance in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:886541. [PMID: 35651779 PMCID: PMC9149578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.886541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures due to climate change threaten agricultural crop productivity. As a cool-season crop, wheat is heat-sensitive, but often exposed to high temperatures during the cultivation period. In the current study, a bread wheat panel of spring wheat genotypes, including putatively heat-tolerant Australian and CIMMYT genotypes, was exposed to a 5-day mild (34°C/28°C, day/night) or extreme (37°C/27°C) heat stress during the sensitive pollen developmental stage. Worsening effects on anther morphology were observed, as heat stress increased from mild to extreme. Even under mild heat, a significant decrease in pollen viability and number of grains per spike from primary spike was observed compared with the control (21°C/15°C), with Sunstar and two CIMMYT breeding lines performing well. A heat-specific positive correlation between the two traits indicates the important role of pollen fertility for grain setting. Interestingly, both mild and extreme heat induced development of new tillers after the heat stress, providing an alternative sink for accumulated photosynthates and significantly contributing to the final yield. Measurements of flag leaf maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed an initial inhibition after the heat treatment, followed by a full recovery within a few days. Despite this, model fitting using chlorophyll soil plant analysis development (SPAD) measurements showed an earlier onset or faster senescence rate under heat stress. The data presented here provide interesting entry points for further research into pollen fertility, tillering dynamics, and leaf senescence under heat. The identified heat-tolerant wheat genotypes can be used to dissect the underlying mechanisms and breed climate-resilient wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemeng Xu
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Lowe
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio G. Hernandez-Leon
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Aztiazarán Rosas, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Aztiazarán Rosas, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
- Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultual Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sigrid Heuer,
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5
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Ferguson JN, Tidy AC, Murchie EH, Wilson ZA. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2066-2089. [PMID: 33538010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development constrain crop productivity during heat stress. Reproductive development is energy intensive, and its requirement for respiratory substrates rises as associated metabolism increases with temperature. Understanding how these processes are integrated and the extent to which they contribute to the maintenance of yield during and following periods of elevated temperatures is important for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies are beginning to demonstrate links between processes underlying carbon dynamics and reproduction during heat stress, consequently a summation of research that has been reported thus far and an evaluation of purported associations are needed to guide and stimulate future research. To this end, we review recent studies relating to source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis and net carbon gain as pivotal in understanding how to improve reproductive development and crop productivity during heat stress. Rapid and precise phenotyping during narrow phenological windows will be important for understanding mechanisms underlying these processes, thus we discuss the development of relevant high-throughput phenotyping approaches that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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6
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Erena MF, Lohraseb I, Munoz-Santa I, Taylor JD, Emebiri LC, Collins NC. The WtmsDW Locus on Wheat Chromosome 2B Controls Major Natural Variation for Floret Sterility Responses to Heat Stress at Booting Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635397. [PMID: 33854519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635397/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress at booting stage causes significant losses to floret fertility (grain set) and hence yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, there is a lack of well-characterized sources of tolerance to this type of stress. Here, we describe the genetic analysis of booting stage heat tolerance in a cross between the Australian cultivars Drysdale (intolerant) and Waagan (tolerant), leading to the definition of a major-effect tolerance locus on the short arm of chromosome 2B, Wheat thermosensitive male sterile Drysdale/Waagan (WtmsDW). WtmsDW offsets between 44 and 65% of the losses in grain set due to heat, suggesting that it offers significant value for marker-assisted tolerance breeding. In lines lacking the WtmsDW tolerance allele, peaks in sensitivity were defined with reference to auricle distance, for various floret positions along the spike. Other (relatively minor) floret fertility response effects, including at the Rht-D1 dwarfing locus, were considered likely escape artifacts, due to their association with height and flowering time effects that might interfere with correct staging of stems for heat treatment. Heat stress increased grain set at distal floret positions in spikelets located at the top of the spike and increased the size of spikelets at the base of the spike, but these effects were offset by greater reductions in grain set at other floret positions. Potentially orthologous loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B were identified for heat response of flowering time. The potential significance of these findings for tolerance breeding and further tolerance screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million F Erena
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iman Lohraseb
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabel Munoz-Santa
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julian D Taylor
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Livinus C Emebiri
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Collins
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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7
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Erena MF, Lohraseb I, Munoz-Santa I, Taylor JD, Emebiri LC, Collins NC. The WtmsDW Locus on Wheat Chromosome 2B Controls Major Natural Variation for Floret Sterility Responses to Heat Stress at Booting Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635397. [PMID: 33854519 PMCID: PMC8040955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress at booting stage causes significant losses to floret fertility (grain set) and hence yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, there is a lack of well-characterized sources of tolerance to this type of stress. Here, we describe the genetic analysis of booting stage heat tolerance in a cross between the Australian cultivars Drysdale (intolerant) and Waagan (tolerant), leading to the definition of a major-effect tolerance locus on the short arm of chromosome 2B, Wheat thermosensitive male sterile Drysdale/Waagan (WtmsDW). WtmsDW offsets between 44 and 65% of the losses in grain set due to heat, suggesting that it offers significant value for marker-assisted tolerance breeding. In lines lacking the WtmsDW tolerance allele, peaks in sensitivity were defined with reference to auricle distance, for various floret positions along the spike. Other (relatively minor) floret fertility response effects, including at the Rht-D1 dwarfing locus, were considered likely escape artifacts, due to their association with height and flowering time effects that might interfere with correct staging of stems for heat treatment. Heat stress increased grain set at distal floret positions in spikelets located at the top of the spike and increased the size of spikelets at the base of the spike, but these effects were offset by greater reductions in grain set at other floret positions. Potentially orthologous loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B were identified for heat response of flowering time. The potential significance of these findings for tolerance breeding and further tolerance screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million F. Erena
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iman Lohraseb
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabel Munoz-Santa
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julian D. Taylor
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Livinus C. Emebiri
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas C. Collins
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ober ES, Howell P, Thomelin P, Kouidri A. The importance of accurate developmental staging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3375-3379. [PMID: 32569381 PMCID: PMC7307853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Fernández-Gómez J, Talle B, Tidy A, Wilson ZA. 2020. Accurate staging of reproduction development in Cadenza wheat by non-destructive spike analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany71, 3475–3484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ober
- NIAB, The John Bingham Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phil Howell
- NIAB, The John Bingham Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
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