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Liu H, Li X, He F, Li M, Zi Y, Long R, Zhao G, Zhu L, Hong L, Wang S, Kang J, Yang Q, Chen L. Genome-wide identification and analysis of abiotic stress responsiveness of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family in Medicago sativa L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:800. [PMID: 39179986 PMCID: PMC11344418 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is crucial cell signal transduction mechanism that plays an important role in plant growth and development, metabolism, and stress responses. The MAPK cascade includes three protein kinases, MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK. The three protein kinases mediate signaling to downstream response molecules by sequential phosphorylation. The MAPK gene family has been identified and analyzed in many plants, however it has not been investigated in alfalfa. RESULTS In this study, Medicago sativa MAPK genes (referred to as MsMAPKs) were identified in the tetraploid alfalfa genome. Eighty MsMAPKs were divided into four groups, with eight in group A, 21 in group B, 21 in group C and 30 in group D. Analysis of the basic structures of the MsMAPKs revealed presence of a conserved TXY motif. Groups A, B and C contained a TEY motif, while group D contained a TDY motif. RNA-seq analysis revealed tissue-specificity of two MsMAPKs and tissue-wide expression of 35 MsMAPKs. Further analysis identified MsMAPK members responsive to drought, salt, and cold stress conditions. Two MsMAPKs (MsMAPK70 and MsMAPK75) responds to salt and cold stresses; two MsMAPKs (MsMAPK60 and MsMAPK73) responds to cold and drought stresses; four MsMAPKs (MsMAPK1, MsMAPK33, MsMAPK64 and MsMAPK71) responds to salt and drought stresses; and two MsMAPKs (MsMAPK5 and MsMAPK7) responded to all three stresses. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively identified and analysed the alfalfa MAPK gene family. Candidate genes related to abiotic stresses were screened by analysing the RNA-seq data. The results provide key information for further analysis of alfalfa MAPK gene functions and improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunfei Zi
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- Institute of Forage Crop Science, Ordos Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang W, Ouyang J, Li Y, Zhai C, He B, Si H, Chen K, Rose JKC, Jia W. A signaling cascade mediating fruit trait development via phosphorylation-modulated nuclear accumulation of JAZ repressor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1106-1125. [PMID: 38558522 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors act to mediate jasmonate (JA) signaling via CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-mediated degradation. Here, we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ repressor, FvJAZ12, mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation-modulated subcellular translocation rather than the COI1-mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry (Fragaria vesca). FvJAZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response, and was found to be the target of FvMPK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal stimuli. FvMPK6 phosphorylates FvJAZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the PY residues, thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYC2, which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3 (FvLOX3), an important gene involved in JA biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular metabolisms. Our data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for JA signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinyao Ouyang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yating Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changsheng Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing He
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huahan Si
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
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Henchiri H, Rayapuram N, Alhoraibi HM, Caïus J, Paysant-Le Roux C, Citerne S, Hirt H, Colcombet J, Sturbois B, Bigeard J. Integrated multi-omics and genetic analyses reveal molecular determinants underlying Arabidopsis snap33 mutant phenotype. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1016-1035. [PMID: 38281242 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The secretory pathway is essential for plant immunity, delivering diverse antimicrobial molecules into the extracellular space. Arabidopsis thaliana soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor SNAP33 is a key actor of this process. The snap33 mutant displays dwarfism and necrotic lesions, however the molecular determinants of its macroscopic phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we isolated several new snap33 mutants that exhibited constitutive cell death and H2O2 accumulation, further defining snap33 as an autoimmune mutant. We then carried out quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showing that numerous defense transcripts and proteins were up-regulated in the snap33 mutant, among which genes/proteins involved in defense hormone, pattern-triggered immunity, and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor signaling. qRT-PCR analyses and hormone dosages supported these results. Furthermore, genetic analyses elucidated the diverse contributions of the main defense hormones and some nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor signaling actors in the establishment of the snap33 phenotype, emphasizing the preponderant role of salicylic acid over other defense phytohormones. Moreover, the accumulation of pattern-triggered immunity and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor signaling proteins in the snap33 mutant was confirmed by immunoblotting analyses and further shown to be salicylic acid-dependent. Collectively, this study unveiled molecular determinants underlying the Arabidopsis snap33 mutant phenotype and brought new insights into autoimmunity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Henchiri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanna M Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21551, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Caïus
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Paysant-Le Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bénédicte Sturbois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean Bigeard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Dodds PN, Chen J, Outram MA. Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1465-1481. [PMID: 38262477 PMCID: PMC11062475 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases are a constant and serious threat to agriculture and ecological biodiversity. Plants possess a sophisticated innate immunity system capable of detecting and responding to pathogen infection to prevent disease. Our understanding of this system has grown enormously over the past century. Early genetic descriptions of plant disease resistance and pathogen virulence were embodied in the gene-for-gene hypothesis, while physiological studies identified pathogen-derived elicitors that could trigger defense responses in plant cells and tissues. Molecular studies of these phenomena have now coalesced into an integrated model of plant immunity involving cell surface and intracellular detection of specific pathogen-derived molecules and proteins culminating in the induction of various cellular responses. Extracellular and intracellular receptors engage distinct signaling processes but converge on many similar outputs with substantial evidence now for integration of these pathways into interdependent networks controlling disease outcomes. Many of the molecular details of pathogen recognition and signaling processes are now known, providing opportunities for bioengineering to enhance plant protection from disease. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main principles of plant immunity, with an emphasis on the key scientific milestones leading to these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jian Chen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Megan A Outram
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Cui JR, Zhou B, Tang YJ, Zhou JY, Ren L, Liu F, Hoffmann AA, Hong XY. A new spider mite elicitor triggers plant defence and promotes resistance to herbivores. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1493-1509. [PMID: 37952109 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-associated elicitors (HAEs) are active molecules produced by herbivorous insects. Recognition of HAEs by plants induces defence that resist herbivore attacks. We previously demonstrated that the tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi triggered defence in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, our knowledge of HAEs from T. evansi remains limited. Here, we characterize a novel HAE, Te16, from T. evansi and dissect its function in mite-plant interactions. We investigate the effects of Te16 on spider mites and plants by heterologous expression, virus-induced gene silencing assay, and RNA interference. Te16 induces cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, callose deposition, and jasmonate (JA)-related responses in N. benthamiana leaves. Te16-mediated cell death requires a calcium signalling pathway, cytoplasmic localization, the plant co-receptor BAK1, and the signalling components SGT1 and HSP90. The active region of Te16-induced cell death is located at amino acids 114-293. Moreover, silencing Te16 gene in T. evansi reduces spider mite survival and hatchability, but expressing Te16 in N. benthamiana leaves enhances plant resistance to herbivores. Finally, Te16 gene is specific to Tetranychidae species and is highly conserved in activating plant immunity. Our findings reveal a novel salivary protein produced by spider mites that elicits plant defence and resistance to insects, providing valuable clues for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi-Jing Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lu Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Pan X, Nie X, Gao W, Yan S, Feng H, Cao J, Lu J, Shao H, Ma C, Chang C, Zhang H. Identification of genetic loci and candidate genes underlying freezing tolerance in wheat seedlings. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:57. [PMID: 38402327 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Ten stable loci for freezing tolerance (FT) in wheat were detected by genome-wide association analysis. The putative candidate gene TaRPM1-7BL underlying the major locus QFT.ahau-7B.2 was identified and validated. Frost damage restricts wheat growth, development, and geographical distribution. However, the genetic mechanism of freezing tolerance (FT) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated FT phenotypes of 245 wheat varieties and lines, and genotyped them using a Wheat 90 K array. The association analysis showed that ten stable loci were significantly associated with FT (P < 1 × 10-4), and explained 6.45-26.33% of the phenotypic variation. In particular, the major locus QFT.ahau-7B.2 was consistently related to all nine sets of FT phenotypic data. Based on five cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers closely linked to QFT.ahau-7B.2, we narrowed down the target region to the 570.67-571.16 Mb interval (0.49 Mb) on chromosome 7B, in which four candidate genes were annotated. Of these, only TaRPM1-7BL exhibited consistent differential expression after low temperature treatment between freezing-tolerant and freezing-sensitive varieties. The results of cloning and whole-exome capture sequencing indicated that there were two main haplotypes for TaRPM1-7BL, including freezing-tolerant Hap1 and freezing-sensitive Hap2. Based on the representative SNP (+1956, A/G), leading to an amino acid change in the NBS domain, a CAPS marker (CAPS-TaRPM1-7BL) was developed and validated in 431 wheat varieties (including the above 245 materials) and 318 F2 lines derived from the cross of 'Annong 9267' (freezing-tolerant) × 'Yumai 9' (freezing-sensitive). Subsequently, the TaRPM1-7BL gene was silenced in 'Yumai 9' by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and these silenced wheat seedlings exhibited enhanced FT phenotypes, suggesting that TaRPM1-7BL negatively regulates FT. These findings are valuable for understanding the complex genetic basis of FT in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Pan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xianlai Nie
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hansheng Feng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Shao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Moon H, Jeong AR, Park CJ. Rice NLR protein XinN1, induced by a pattern recognition receptor XA21, confers enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:72. [PMID: 38376569 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Rice CC-type NLR XinN1, specifically induced by a PRR XA21, activates defense pathways against Xoo. Plants have evolved two layers of immune systems regulated by two different types of immune receptors, cell surface located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs). Plant PRRs recognize conserved molecular patterns from diverse pathogens, resulting in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs are activated by effectors secreted by pathogens into plant cells, inducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Rice PRR, XA21, recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated RaxX peptide (required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X) as a molecular pattern secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Here, we identified a rice NLR gene, XinN1, that is specifically induced during the XA21-mediated immune response against Xoo. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing XinN1 displayed increased resistance to infection by Xoo with reduced lesion length and bacterial growth. Overexpression of autoactive mutant of XinN1 (XinN1D543V) also displayed increased resistance to Xoo, accompanied with severe growth retardation and cell death. In rice protoplast system, overexpression of XinN1 or XinN1D543V significantly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic-free calcium (Ca2+) accumulations. In addition, XinN1 overexpression additionally elevated the ROS burst caused by the interaction between XA21 and RaxX-sY and induced the transcription of PTI signaling components, including somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (OsSERKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (OsRLCKs). Our results suggest that XinN1 induced by the PRR XA21 activates defense pathways and provides enhanced resistance to Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - A-Ram Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kovalev MA, Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Bolsheva NL, Popchenko MI, Kudryavtseva AV. Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How Can We Help Poplar Resist Pathogens? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1308. [PMID: 38279306 PMCID: PMC10816636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a genus of woody plants of great economic value. Due to the growing economic importance of poplar, there is a need to ensure its stable growth by increasing its resistance to pathogens. Genetic engineering can create organisms with improved traits faster than traditional methods, and with the development of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing systems, scientists have a new highly effective tool for creating valuable genotypes. In this review, we summarize the latest research data on poplar diseases, the biology of their pathogens and how these plants resist pathogens. In the final section, we propose to plant male or mixed poplar populations; consider the genes of the MLO group, transcription factors of the WRKY and MYB families and defensive proteins BbChit1, LJAMP2, MsrA2 and PtDef as the most promising targets for genetic engineering; and also pay attention to the possibility of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Alina S. Bogdanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mikhail I. Popchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Li R, Yao J, Ming Y, Guo J, Deng J, Liu D, Li Z, Cheng Y. Integrated proteomic analysis reveals interactions between phosphorylation and ubiquitination in rose response to Botrytis infection. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad238. [PMID: 38222823 PMCID: PMC10782497 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
As two of the most abundant post-translational modifications, phosphorylation and ubiquitination play a significant role in modulating plant-pathogen interactions and increasing evidence indicates their crosstalk in plant immunity. Rose (Rosa sp.) is one of the most important ornamental plants and can be seriously infected by Botrytis cinerea. Here, integrated proteomics analysis was performed to detect global proteome, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination changes in rose upon B. cinerea infection and investigate the possible phosphorylation and ubiquitination crosstalk. A total of 6165 proteins, 11 774 phosphorylation and 10 582 ubiquitination sites, and 77 phosphorylation and 13 ubiquitination motifs were identified. Botrytis cinerea infection resulted in 169 up-regulated and 122 down-regulated proteins, 291 up-regulated and 404 down-regulated phosphorylation sites, and 250 up-regulated and 634 down-regulated ubiquitination sites. There were 12 up-regulated PR10 proteins and half of them also showed reduced ubiquitination. A lot of kinases probably involved in plant pattern-triggered immunity signaling were up-regulated phosphoproteins. Noticeably, numerous kinases and ubiquitination-related proteins also showed a significant change in ubiquitination and phosphorylation, respectively. A cross-comparison of phosphoproteome and ubiquitylome indicated that both of two post-translational modifications of 104 proteins were dynamically regulated, and many putative pattern-triggered immunity signaling components in the plant plasma membrane were co-regulated. Moreover, five selected proteins, including four PR10 proteins and a plasma membrane aquaporin, were proven to be involved in rose resistance to B. cinerea. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rose resistance to B. cinerea and also increases the database of phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Juanni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Daofeng Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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10
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Delannoy E, Batardiere B, Pateyron S, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Chiquet J, Colcombet J, Lang J. Cell specialization and coordination in Arabidopsis leaves upon pathogenic attack revealed by scRNA-seq. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100676. [PMID: 37644724 PMCID: PMC10504604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses involve several biological processes that allow plants to fight against pathogenic attacks. How these different processes are orchestrated within organs and depend on specific cell types is poorly known. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology on three independent biological replicates, we identified several cell populations representing the core transcriptional responses of wild-type Arabidopsis leaves inoculated with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Among these populations, we retrieved major cell types of the leaves (mesophyll, guard, epidermal, companion, and vascular S cells) with which we could associate characteristic transcriptional reprogramming and regulators, thereby specifying different cell-type responses to the pathogen. Further analyses of transcriptional dynamics, on the basis of inference of cell trajectories, indicated that the different cell types, in addition to their characteristic defense responses, can also share similar modules of gene reprogramming, uncovering a ubiquitous antagonism between immune and susceptible processes. Moreover, it appears that the defense responses of vascular S cells, epidermal cells, and mesophyll cells can evolve along two separate paths, one converging toward an identical cell fate, characterized mostly by lignification and detoxification functions. As this divergence does not correspond to the differentiation between immune and susceptible cells, we speculate that this might reflect the discrimination between cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous responses. Altogether our data provide an upgraded framework to describe, explore, and explain the specialization and the coordination of plant cell responses upon pathogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Bastien Batardiere
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Chiquet
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Lang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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11
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Huang S, Jia A, Ma S, Sun Y, Chang X, Han Z, Chai J. NLR signaling in plants: from resistosomes to second messengers. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:776-787. [PMID: 37394345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) have a critical role in plant immunity through direct or indirect recognition of pathogen effectors. Recent studies have demonstrated that such recognition induces formation of large protein complexes called resistosomes to mediate NLR immune signaling. Some NLR resistosomes activate Ca2+ influx by acting as Ca2+-permeable channels, whereas others function as active NADases to catalyze the production of nucleotide-derived second messengers. In this review we summarize these studies on pathogen effector-induced assembly of NLR resistosomes and resistosome-mediated production of the second messengers of Ca2+ and nucleotide derivatives. We also discuss downstream events and regulation of resistosome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Huang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aolin Jia
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cologne 50829, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Zeng Y, Song H, Xia L, Yang L, Zhang S. The responses of poplars to fungal pathogens: A review of the defensive pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107583. [PMID: 36875570 PMCID: PMC9978395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived tree species need to cope with changing environments and pathogens during their lifetime. Fungal diseases cause damage to trees growth and forest nurseries. As model system for woody plants, poplars are also hosts of a large variety of fungus. The defense strategies to fungus are generally associated with the type of fungus, therefore, the defense strategies of poplar against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus are different. Poplars initiate constitutive defenses and induced defenses based on recognition of the fungus, hormone signaling network cascades, activation of defense-related genes and transcription factors and production of phytochemicals. The means of sensing fungus invasion in poplars are similar with herbs, both of which are mediated by receptor proteins and resistance (R) proteins, leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), but poplars have evolved some unique defense mechanisms compared with Arabidopsis due to their longevity. In this paper, current researches on poplar defensive responses to necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus, which mainly include the physiological and genetic aspects, and the role of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in fungal resistance are reviewed. This review also provides strategies to enhance poplar disease resistance and some new insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Wu J, Liang X, Lin M, Lan Y, Xiang Y, Yan H. Comprehensive analysis of MAPK gene family in Populus trichocarpa and physiological characterization of PtMAPK3-1 in response to MeJA induction. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13869. [PMID: 36723249 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as hormone and stress responses by signaling to eukaryotic cells, through MAPK cascade, the presence of various cues; thereby, regulating various responses. The MAPK cascade consists mainly of three gene families, MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK, which activate downstream signaling pathways through sequential phosphorylation. Although the MAPK cascade gene family has been reported in several species, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis in poplar. We identified 21 MAPK genes, 11 MAPKK genes, and 104 MAPKKK genes in Populus trichocarpa. The phylogenetic classification was supported by conservative motif, gene structure and motif analysis. Whole genome duplication has an important role in the expansion of MAPK cascade genes. Analysis of promoter cis-elements and expression profiles indicates that MAPK cascade genes have important roles in plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stresses, and phytohormone response. Expression profiling revealed a significant upregulation of PtMAPK3-1 expression in response to drought, salt and disease stresses. Poplar transiently overexpressing PtMAPK3-1 and treated with methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) had higher catalase and peroxidase levels than non-overexpressing poplar. This work represents the first complete inventory of the MAPK cascade in P. trichocarpa, which reveals that PtMAPK3-1 is induced by the MeJA hormone and participates in the MeJA-induced enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yangang Lan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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14
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RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of PR1 Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314525. [PMID: 36498851 PMCID: PMC9739713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling. Expression of AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 is induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogens. The atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants displayed weakened responses when triggered by PAMPs. Immune responses, including oxidative burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and transcriptional activation of marker genes, were attenuated in the atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants. The suppressed activation of PTI responses also resulted in enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants showed defects in SA-mediated or pathogen-mediated PR1 expression; however, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000-induced cell death was unaffected. Our findings suggest that AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 are not just PTI-positive regulators but are also involved in SA-mediated PR1 gene expression, which is important for resistance to P. syringae.
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15
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Le Boulch P, Poëssel JL, Roux D, Lugan R. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to Myzus persicae conferred by the peach Rm2 gene: A multi-omics view. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992544. [PMID: 36275570 PMCID: PMC9581297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of peach to Myzus persicae infestation were studied in Rubira, an accession carrying the major resistance gene Rm2 causing antixenosis, and GF305, a susceptible accession. Transcriptome and metabolome showed both a massive reconfiguration in Rubira 48 hours after infestation while GF305 displayed very limited changes. The Rubira immune system was massively stimulated, with simultaneous activation of genes encoding cell surface receptors involved in pattern-triggered immunity and cytoplasmic NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing proteins) involved in effector-triggered immunity. Hypersensitive reaction featured by necrotic lesions surrounding stylet punctures was supported by the induction of cell death stimulating NLRs/helpers couples, as well as the activation of H2O2-generating metabolic pathways: photorespiratory glyoxylate synthesis and activation of the futile P5C/proline cycle. The triggering of systemic acquired resistance was suggested by the activation of pipecolate pathway and accumulation of this defense hormone together with salicylate. Important reduction in carbon, nitrogen and sulphur metabolic pools and the repression of many genes related to cell division and growth, consistent with reduced apices elongation, suggested a decline in the nutritional value of apices. Finally, the accumulation of caffeic acid conjugates pointed toward their contribution as deterrent and/or toxic compounds in the mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Roux
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
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16
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Bernoux M, Zetzsche H, Stuttmann J. Connecting the dots between cell surface- and intracellular-triggered immune pathways in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102276. [PMID: 36001920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can detect microbial molecules via surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular immune receptors from the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) family. The corresponding pattern-triggered (PTI) and effector-triggered (ETI) immunity were long considered separate pathways, although they converge on largely similar cellular responses, such as calcium influx and overlapping gene reprogramming. A number of studies recently uncovered genetic and molecular interconnections between PTI and ETI, highlighting the complexity of the plant immune network. Notably, PRR- and NLR-mediated immune responses require and potentiate each other to reach an optimal immune output. How PTI and ETI connect to confer robust immunity in different plant species, including crops will be an exciting future research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Bernoux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Holger Zetzsche
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Stuttmann
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany.
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17
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The TGA Transcription Factors from Clade II Negatively Regulate the Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911631. [PMID: 36232932 PMCID: PMC9569720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that modulates plant defenses by inducing changes in gene expression. The mechanisms that control SA accumulation are essential for understanding the defensive process. TGA transcription factors from clade II in Arabidopsis, which include the proteins TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6, are known to be key positive mediators for the transcription of genes such as PR-1 that are induced by SA application. However, unexpectedly, stress conditions that induce SA accumulation, such as infection with the avirulent pathogen P. syringae DC3000/AvrRPM1 and UV-C irradiation, result in enhanced PR-1 induction in plants lacking the clade II TGAs (tga256 plants). Increased PR-1 induction was accompanied by enhanced isochorismate synthase-dependent SA production as well as the upregulation of several genes involved in the hormone’s accumulation. In response to avirulent P. syringae, PR-1 was previously shown to be controlled by both SA-dependent and -independent pathways. Therefore, the enhanced induction of PR-1 (and other defense genes) and accumulation of SA in the tga256 mutant plants is consistent with the clade II TGA factors providing negative feedback regulation of the SA-dependent and/or -independent pathways. Together, our results indicate that the TGA transcription factors from clade II negatively control SA accumulation under stress conditions that induce the hormone production. Our study describes a mechanism involving old actors playing new roles in regulating SA homeostasis under stress.
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18
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Concerted actions of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:501-511. [PMID: 35762737 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants utilise cell-surface immune receptors (functioning as pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens. Perception of pathogens by these receptors activates immune signalling and resistance to infections. PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity have primarily been considered parallel processes contributing to disease resistance. Recent studies suggest that these two pathways are interdependent and converge at multiple nodes. This review summarises and provides a perspective on these convergent points.
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19
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Ji L, Yang X, Qi F. Distinct Responses to Pathogenic and Symbionic Microorganisms: The Role of Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810427. [PMID: 36142339 PMCID: PMC9499406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants must balance both beneficial (symbiotic) and pathogenic challenges from microorganisms, the former benefitting the plant and agriculture and the latter causing disease and economic harm. Plant innate immunity describes a highly conserved set of defense mechanisms that play pivotal roles in sensing immunogenic signals associated with both symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and subsequent downstream activation of signaling effector networks that protect the plant. An intriguing question is how the innate immune system distinguishes “friends” from “foes”. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role and spectrum of innate immunity in recognizing and responding to different microbes. In addition, we also review some of the strategies used by microbes to manipulate plant signaling pathways and thus evade immunity, with emphasis on the use of effector proteins and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, we discuss potential questions that need addressing to advance the field of plant–microbe interactions.
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20
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Xu L, Cao M, Wang Q, Xu J, Liu C, Ullah N, Li J, Hou Z, Liang Z, Zhou W, Liu A. Insights into the plateau adaptation of Salvia castanea by comparative genomic and WGCNA analyses. J Adv Res 2022; 42:221-235. [PMID: 36089521 PMCID: PMC9788944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salvia castanea, a wild plant species is adapted to extreme Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) environments. It is also used for medicinal purposes due to high ingredient of tanshinone IIA (T-IIA). Despite its importance to Chinese medicinal industry, the mechanisms associated with secondary metabolites accumulation (i.e. T-IIA and rosmarinic acid (RA)) in this species have not been characterized. Also, the role of special underground tissues in QTP adaptation of S. castanea is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We explored the phenomenon of periderm-like structure in underground stem center of S. castanea with an aim to unravel the molecular evolutionary mechanisms of QTP adaptation in this species. METHODS Morphologic observation and full-length transcriptome of S. castanea plants were conducted. Comparative genomic analyses of S. castanea with other 14 representative species were used to reveal its phylogenetic position and molecular evolutionary mechanisms. RNA-seq and WGCNA analyses were applied to understand the mechanisms of high accumulations of T-IIA and RA in S. castanea tissues. RESULTS Based on anatomical observations, we proposed a "trunk-branches" developmental model to explain periderm-like structure in the center of underground stem of S. castanea. Our study suggested that S. castanea branched off from cultivated Danshen around 16 million years ago. During the evolutionary process, significantly expanded orthologous gene groups, 24 species-specific and 64 positively selected genes contributed to morphogenesis and QTP adaptation in S. castanea. RNA-seq and WGCNA analyses unraveled underlying mechanisms of high accumulations of T-IIA and RA in S. castanea and identified NAC29 and TGA22 as key transcription factors. CONCLUSION We proposed a "trunk-branches" developmental model for the underground stem in S. castanea. Adaptations to extreme QTP environment in S. castanea are associated with accumulations of high secondary metabolites in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mengting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, the University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia,Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China,Corresponding authors.
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