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Chaudhary S, Sindhu SS, Dhanker R, Kumari A. Microbes-mediated sulphur cycling in soil: Impact on soil fertility, crop production and environmental sustainability. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127340. [PMID: 36889205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in soil fertility and depletion of natural resources due to current intensive agricultural practices along with climate changes are the major constraints for crop productivity and global food security. Diverse microbial populations' inhabiting the soil and rhizosphere participate in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and thereby, improve soil fertility and plant health, and reduce the adverse impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment. Sulphur is 4th most common crucial macronutrient required by all organisms including plants, animals, humans and microorganisms. Effective strategies are required to enhance sulphur content in crops for minimizing adverse effects of sulphur deficiency on plants and humans. Various microorganisms are involved in sulphur cycling in soil through oxidation, reduction, mineralization, and immobilization, and volatalization processes of diverse sulphur compounds. Some microorganisms possess the unique ability to oxidize sulphur compounds into plant utilizable sulphate (SO42-) form. Considering the importance of sulphur as a nutrient for crops, many bacteria and fungi involved in sulphur cycling have been characterized from soil and rhizosphere. Some of these microbes have been found to positively affect plant growth and crop yield through multiple mechanisms including the enhanced mobilization of nutrients in soils (i.e., sulphate, phosphorus and nitrogen), production of growth-promoting hormones, inhibition of phytopathogens, protection against oxidative damage and mitigation of abiotic stresses. Application of these beneficial microbes as biofertilizers may reduce the conventional fertilizer application in soils. However, large-scale, well-designed, and long-term field trials are necessary to recommend the use of these microbes for increasing nutrient availability for growth and yield of crop plants. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding sulphur deficiency symptoms in plants, biogeochemical cycling of sulphur and inoculation effects of sulphur oxidizing microbes in improving plant biomass and crop yield in different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chaudhary
- Research Associate, EBL Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Satyavir Singh Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Rinku Dhanker
- International Institute of Veterinary, Education & Research, Bahuakbarpur, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Anju Kumari
- Center of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
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2
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de Bont L, Donnay N, Couturier J, Rouhier N. Redox regulation of enzymes involved in sulfate assimilation and in the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:958490. [PMID: 36051294 PMCID: PMC9426629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.958490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is essential in plants because of its presence in numerous molecules including the two amino acids, cysteine, and methionine. Cysteine serves also for the synthesis of glutathione and provides sulfur to many other molecules including protein cofactors or vitamins. Plants absorb sulfate from their environment and assimilate it via a reductive pathway which involves, respectively, a series of transporters and enzymes belonging to multigenic families. A tight control is needed to adjust each enzymatic step to the cellular requirements because the whole pathway consumes energy and produces toxic/reactive compounds, notably sulfite and sulfide. Glutathione is known to regulate the activity of some intermediate enzymes. In particular, it provides electrons to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductases but also regulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase by reducing a regulatory disulfide. Recent proteomic data suggest a more extended post-translational redox control of the sulfate assimilation pathway enzymes and of some associated reactions, including the synthesis of both sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and of glutathione. We have summarized in this review the known oxidative modifications affecting cysteine residues of the enzymes involved. In particular, a prominent regulatory role of protein persulfidation seems apparent, perhaps because sulfide produced by this pathway may react with oxidized thiol groups. However, the effect of persulfidation has almost not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda de Bont
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Donnay
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jérémy Couturier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75000, Paris, France
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Moya-Beltrán A, Makarova KS, Acuña LG, Wolf YI, Covarrubias PC, Shmakov SA, Silva C, Tolstoy I, Johnson DB, Koonin EV, Quatrini R. Evolution of Type IV CRISPR-Cas Systems: Insights from CRISPR Loci in Integrative Conjugative Elements of Acidithiobacillia. CRISPR J 2021; 4:656-672. [PMID: 34582696 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV CRISPR-Cas are a distinct variety of highly derived CRISPR-Cas systems that appear to have evolved from type III systems through the loss of the target-cleaving nuclease and partial deterioration of the large subunit of the effector complex. All known type IV CRISPR-Cas systems are encoded on plasmids, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), or prophages, and are thought to contribute to competition between these elements, although the mechanistic details of their function remain unknown. There is a clear parallel between the compositions and likely origin of type IV and type I systems recruited by Tn7-like transposons and mediating RNA-guided transposition. We investigated the diversity and evolutionary relationships of type IV systems, with a focus on those in Acidithiobacillia, where this variety of CRISPR is particularly abundant and always found on ICEs. Our analysis revealed remarkable evolutionary plasticity of type IV CRISPR-Cas systems, with adaptation and ancillary genes originating from different ancestral CRISPR-Cas varieties, and extensive gene shuffling within the type IV loci. The adaptation module and the CRISPR array apparently were lost in the type IV ancestor but were subsequently recaptured by type IV systems on several independent occasions. We demonstrate a high level of heterogeneity among the repeats with type IV CRISPR arrays, which far exceed the heterogeneity of any other known CRISPR repeats and suggest a unique adaptation mechanism. The spacers in the type IV arrays, for which protospacers could be identified, match plasmid genes, in particular those encoding the conjugation apparatus components. Both the biochemical mechanism of type IV CRISPR-Cas function and their role in the competition among mobile genetic elements remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moya-Beltrán
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kira S Makarova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lillian G Acuña
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo C Covarrubias
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergey A Shmakov
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Silva
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Igor Tolstoy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Barrie Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Quatrini
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Liu N, Tong J, Hu M, Ji Y, Wang B, Liang H, Liu M, Wu Z. Transcriptome landscapes of multiple tissues highlight the genes involved in the flavor metabolic pathway in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum). Genomics 2021; 113:2145-2157. [PMID: 33991618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique flavor of Allium tuberosum is primarily associated with the hydrolysis of a series of organosulfur compounds, S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxides (CSOs), upon tissue bruising or maceration. To obtain the tissue-specific transcriptomes, 18 RNA-Seq libraries representing leaf, root, stem, mature flower, inflorescence, and seed tissues of A. tuberosum were sequenced, finally yielding 133.7 Gb clean reads. The de novo assembled transcriptomes enabled the identification of 223,529 unigenes, which were functionally annotated and analyzed for the gene ontology and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, to reveal the flavor metabolic pathways, a total of 205 unigenes involved in the sulfur assimilation and CSO biosynthesis were identified, and their expression profiles were analyzed by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Collectively, this study provides a valuable resource for in-depth molecular and functional researches especially on flavor formation, as well as for the development of molecular markers, and other genetic studies in A. tuberosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Jing Tong
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Manman Hu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanhai Ji
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mingchi Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhanhui Wu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Oshanova D, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Soltabayeva A, Nurbekova Z, Standing D, Dubey AK, Sagi M. Level of Sulfite Oxidase Activity Affects Sulfur and Carbon Metabolism in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690830. [PMID: 34249061 PMCID: PMC8264797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor containing sulfite oxidase (SO) enzyme is an important player in protecting plants against exogenous toxic sulfite. It was also demonstrated that SO activity is essential to cope with rising dark-induced endogenous sulfite levels and maintain optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in tomato plants exposed to extended dark stress. The response of SO and sulfite reductase to direct exposure of low and high levels of sulfate and carbon was rarely shown. By employing Arabidopsis wild-type, sulfite reductase, and SO-modulated plants supplied with excess or limited carbon or sulfur supply, the current study demonstrates the important role of SO in carbon and sulfur metabolism. Application of low and excess sucrose, or sulfate levels, led to lower biomass accumulation rates, followed by enhanced sulfite accumulation in SO impaired mutant compared with wild-type. SO-impairment resulted in the channeling of sulfite to the sulfate reduction pathway, resulting in an overflow of organic S accumulation. In addition, sulfite enhancement was followed by oxidative stress contributing as well to the lower biomass accumulation in SO-modulated plants. These results indicate that the role of SO is not limited to protection against elevated sulfite toxicity but to maintaining optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- *Correspondence: Moshe Sagi
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Sun N, Song T, Ma Z, Dong L, Zhan L, Xing Y, Liu J, Song J, Wang S, Cai H. Overexpression of MsSiR enhances alkali tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by increasing the glutathione content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:538-546. [PMID: 32912487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sulfite reductase gene in Medicago sativa L. (MsSiR) encodes sulfite reductase (SiR) and catalyses the conversion of sulfite to sulfate in the sulfite assimilation pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of MsSiR in alfalfa by generating transgenic alfalfa that ectopically expressed MsSiR under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The differences in alkali tolerance between the MsSiR-overexpressing and wild-type (WT) plants were analyzed, and the MsSiR-overexpressing plants exhibited an improved phenotype under alkali stress. Compared to WT plants, these plants demonstrated improved antioxidant activity as well as decreased H2O2 and O2- contents and increased glutathione reduced (GSH), Cysteine (Cys) and glutathione oxidized (GSSG) contents. MsSiR-overexpressing plants also exhibited high levels of adenosyl phosphosulfate reductases (APR), sulfite oxidase (SO) and MsSiR expression under alkali stress. It was speculated that MsSiR is involved in sulfur metabolism pathways, including the stabilization of sulfate and sulfite levels and the synthesis of GSH. These two processes achieve alkali tolerance by positively regulating the detoxification and antioxidant activities of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tingting Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhiyun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lifeng Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yimei Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Xu Z, Wang M, Xu D, Xia Z. The Arabidopsis APR2 positively regulates cadmium tolerance through glutathione-dependent pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109819. [PMID: 31654864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous environmental pollutant with high toxicity to plants. The adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase 2 (APR2) is the dominant APRs in Arabidopsis and plays an important role in reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. However, whether the involvement of plant APRs in Cd stress response is largely unclear. Herein, we report that APR2 functions in Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis. The transcript levels of APR2 were markedly induced by Cd exposure. Transgenic plants overexpressing APR2 improved Cd tolerance, whereas knockout of APR2 reduced Cd tolerance. APR2-overexpressing plants with increased Cd accumulation and tolerance showed higher glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) levels than the wild type and apr2 mutant plants, but lower H2O2 and TBARS contents upon Cd exposure. Moreover, exogenous GSH application effectively rescued Cd hypersensitivity in APR2-knockout plants. Further analysis showed that buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) treatment completely eliminated the enhanced Cd tolerance phenotypes of APR2-overexpressing plants, implying that APR2-mediated enhanced Cd tolerance is GSH dependent. In addition, over-expression of the APR2 led to elevated expressions of the GSH/PC synthesis-related genes under Cd stress. Taken together, our results indicated that APR2 regulated Cd accumulation and tolerance possibly through modulating GSH-dependent antioxidant capability and Cd-chelation machinery in Arabidopsis. APR2 could be exploited for engineering heavy metal-tolerant plants in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Chen FF, Chien CY, Cho CC, Chang YY, Hsu CH. C-terminal Redox Domain of Arabidopsis APR1 is a Non-Canonical Thioredoxin Domain with Glutaredoxin Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100461. [PMID: 31597378 PMCID: PMC6827007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient that can be converted into utilizable metabolic forms to produce sulfur-containing metabolites in plant. Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (APR) plays a vital role in catalyzing the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite, which requires glutathione. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal domain of APR acts as a glutathione-dependent reductase. The crystal structure of the C-terminal redox domain of Arabidopsis APR1 (AtAPR1) shows a conserved α/β thioredoxin fold, but not a glutaredoxin fold. Further biochemical studies of the redox domain from AtAPR1 provided evidence to support the structural observation. Collectively, our results provide structural and biochemical information to explain how the thioredoxin fold exerts the glutaredoxin function in APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chao-Cheng Cho
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Yung Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33664468
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Abstract
Sulfur is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine and in a large range of essential coenzymes and cofactors and is therefore essential for all organisms. It is also a constituent of sulfate esters in proteins, carbohydrates, and numerous cellular metabolites. The sulfation and desulfation reactions modifying a variety of different substrates are commonly known as sulfation pathways. Although relatively little is known about the function of most sulfated metabolites, the synthesis of activated sulfate used in sulfation pathways is essential in both animal and plant kingdoms. In humans, mutations in the genes encoding the sulfation pathway enzymes underlie a number of developmental aberrations, and in flies and worms, their loss-of-function is fatal. In plants, a lower capacity for synthesizing activated sulfate for sulfation reactions results in dwarfism, and a complete loss of activated sulfate synthesis is also lethal. Here, we review the similarities and differences in sulfation pathways and associated processes in animals and plants, and we point out how they diverge from bacteria and yeast. We highlight the open questions concerning localization, regulation, and importance of sulfation pathways in both kingdoms and the ways in which findings from these "red" and "green" experimental systems may help reciprocally address questions specific to each of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Günal
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hardman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
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10
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Petersen A, Crocoll C, Halkier BA. De novo production of benzyl glucosinolate in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2019; 54:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Jiang Y, Schiavon M, Lima LW, Tripti, Jones RR, El Mehdawi AF, Royer S, Zeng Z, Hu Y, Pilon-Smits EAH, Pilon M. Comparison of ATP sulfurylase 2 from selenium hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata and non-accumulator Stanleya elata reveals differential intracellular localization and enzyme activity levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2363-2371. [PMID: 29548763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant Stanleya pinnata hyperaccumulates Se up to 0.5% of its dry weight in organic forms, whereas the closely related Stanleya elata does not hyperaccumulate Se. ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) can catalyze the formation of adenosine 5'-phosphoselenate (APSe) from ATP and selenate. We investigated the S. pinnata ATPS2 isoform (SpATPS2) to assess its possible role in Se hyperaccumulation. METHODS ATPS expression and activity was compared in the two Stanleya species. The ATPS2 protein sequences were modeled. Sub-cellular locations were analyzed using GFP fusions. Enzyme activity of purified recombinant SpATPS2 was measured. RESULTS ATPS2 transcript levels were six-fold higher in roots of S. pinnata relative to S. elata. Overall root ATPS enzyme activity was two-fold elevated in S. pinnata. Cloning and sequencing of SpATPS2 and S. elata ATPS2 (SeATPS2) showed the predicted SeATPS2 to be canonical, while SpATPS2, although very similar in its core structure, has unique features, including an interrupted plastid targeting signal due to a stop codon in the 5' region of the coding sequence. Indeed GFP fusions revealed that SpATPS2 had exclusive cytosolic localization, while SeATPS2 showed dual localization in plastids and cytosol. SpATPS2 activity was inhibited by both sulfate and selenate, indicating that the enzyme acts on both substrates. CONCLUSIONS The ATPS2 from S. pinnata differs from non-accumulator ATPS2 in its elevated expression and sub-cellular localization. It likely acts on both selente and sulfate substrates. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations shed new light on the role of ATPS2 in the evolution of Se hyperaccumulation in plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Selenium research in biochemistry and biophysics - 200 year anniversary issue, edited by Dr. Elias Arnér and Dr. Regina Brigelius-Flohe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michela Schiavon
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; DAFNAE Department, Padova University, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo W Lima
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tripti
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Rachel R Jones
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ali F El Mehdawi
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Suzanne Royer
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuegao Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Marinus Pilon
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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12
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Fu Y, Tang J, Yao GF, Huang ZQ, Li YH, Han Z, Chen XY, Hu LY, Hu KD, Zhang H. Central Role of Adenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate Reductase in the Control of Plant Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1404. [PMID: 30319669 PMCID: PMC6166572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been postulated to be the third gasotransmitter in both animals and plants after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). In this review, the physiological roles of H2S in plant growth, development and responses to biotic, and abiotic stresses are summarized. The enzymes which generate H2S are subjected to tight regulation to produce H2S when needed, contributing to delicate responses of H2S to environmental stimuli. H2S occupies a central position in plant sulfur metabolism as it is the link of inorganic sulfur to the first organic sulfur-containing compound cysteine which is the starting point for the synthesis of methionine, coenzyme A, vitamins, etc. In sulfur assimilation, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) is the rate-limiting enzyme with the greatest control over the pathway and probably the generation of H2S which is an essential component in this process. APR is an evolutionarily conserved protein among plants, and two conserved domains PAPS_reductase and Thioredoxin are found in APR. Sulfate reduction including the APR-catalyzing step is carried out in chloroplasts. APR, the key enzyme in sulfur assimilation, is mainly regulated at transcription level by transcription factors in response to sulfur availability and environmental stimuli. The cis-acting elements in the promoter region of all the three APR genes in Solanum lycopersicum suggest that multiple factors such as sulfur starvation, cytokinins, CO2, and pathogens may regulate the expression of SlAPRs. In conclusion, as a critical enzyme in regulating sulfur assimilation, APR is probably critical for H2S generation during plants' response to diverse environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kang-Di Hu, Hua Zhang,
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kang-Di Hu, Hua Zhang,
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13
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Dai X, Hu C, Zhang D, Chen Y. A new method for the simultaneous enhancement of methane yield and reduction of hydrogen sulfide production in the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:914-921. [PMID: 28738546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biogas generated from anaerobic digestion (AD) also includes undesirable by-product such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which must be removed before the biogas can be used as a clean energy source. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate strategy to simultaneously enhance the methane yield and reduce H2S production. An efficient strategy-pretreating sludge at pH 10 for 8d and adjusting the system at neutral pH to produce methane for 20d-is reported for the synchronous enhancement of methane production and reduction of H2S production during AD. The experimental results showed that the cumulative methane yield was 861.2±6.1mL/g volatile solids (VS) of sludge pretreated at pH 10 in semi-continuous stirred anaerobic reactors for 84d, an increase of 49.6% over the yield in the control. Meanwhile, the cumulative production of H2S was 144.1×10-4mL/g VS, 54.2% lower than that in the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chongliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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14
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Wang Q, Sun H, Huang J. Re-analyses of "Algal" Genes Suggest a Complex Evolutionary History of Oomycetes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1540. [PMID: 28932232 PMCID: PMC5592239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spread of photosynthesis is one of the most important but constantly debated topics in eukaryotic evolution. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the plastid distribution in extant eukaryotes. Notably, the chromalveolate hypothesis suggested that multiple eukaryotic lineages were derived from a photosynthetic ancestor that had a red algal endosymbiont. As such, genes of plastid/algal origin in aplastidic chromalveolates, such as oomycetes, were considered to be important supporting evidence. Although the chromalveolate hypothesis has been seriously challenged, some of its supporting evidence has not been carefully investigated. In this study, we re-evaluate the "algal" genes from oomycetes with a larger sampling and careful phylogenetic analyses. Our data provide no conclusive support for a common photosynthetic ancestry of stramenopiles, but show that the initial estimate of "algal" genes in oomycetes was drastically inflated due to limited genome data available then for certain eukaryotic lineages. These findings also suggest that the evolutionary histories of these "algal" genes might be attributed to complex scenarios such as differential gene loss, serial endosymbioses, or horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, GreenvilleNC, United States
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15
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Jez JM, Ravilious GE, Herrmann J. Structural biology and regulation of the plant sulfation pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Prioretti L, Lebrun R, Gontero B, Giordano M. Redox regulation of ATP sulfurylase in microalgae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1555-62. [PMID: 27613093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) catalyzes the first step of sulfur assimilation in photosynthetic organisms. An ATPS type A is mostly present in freshwater cyanobacteria, with four conserved cysteine residues. Oceanic cyanobacteria and most eukaryotic algae instead, possess an ATPS-B containing seven to ten cysteines; five of them are conserved, but only one in the same position as ATPS-A. We investigated the role of cysteines on the regulation of the different algal enzymes. We found that the activity of ATPS-B from four different microorganisms was enhanced when reduced and decreased when oxidized. The LC-MS/MS analysis of the ATPS-B from the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana showed that the residue Cys-247 was presumably involved in the redox regulation. The absence of this residue in the ATPS-A of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. instead, was consistent with its lack of regulation. Some other conserved cysteine residues in the ATPS from T. pseduonana and not in Synechocystis sp.were accessible to redox agents and possibly play a role in the enzyme regulation. Furthermore, the fact that oceanic cyanobacteria have ATPS-B structurally and functionally closer to that from most of eukaryotic algae than to the ATPS-A from other cyanobacteria suggests that life in the sea or freshwater may have driven the evolution of ATPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prioretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Régine Lebrun
- Plate-forme Protéomique, MaP, IMM, FR 3479, CNRS, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Mario Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic; National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Venezia, Italy.
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17
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Sulfation pathways in plants. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:23-30. [PMID: 27206694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plants take up sulfur in the form of sulfate. Sulfate is activated to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and reduced to sulfite and then to sulfide when it is assimilated into amino acid cysteine. Alternatively, APS is phosphorylated to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and sulfate from PAPS is transferred onto diverse metabolites in its oxidized form. Traditionally, these pathways are referred to as primary and secondary sulfate metabolism, respectively. However, the synthesis of PAPS is essential for plants and even its reduced provision leads to dwarfism. Here the current knowledge of enzymes involved in sulfation pathways of plants will be summarized, the similarities and differences between different kingdoms will be highlighted, and major open questions in the research of plant sulfation will be formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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18
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López-Cristoffanini C, Zapata J, Gaillard F, Potin P, Correa JA, Contreras-Porcia L. Identification of proteins involved in desiccation tolerance in the red seaweed
Pyropia orbicularis
(
Rhodophyta, Bangiales). Proteomics 2015; 15:3954-68. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Cristoffanini
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad; Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona España
| | - Javier Zapata
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad; Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Fanny Gaillard
- Centre de Ressources de Biologie Marine; MetaboMer Mass Spectrometry Core Facility; CNRS; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Roscoff cedex France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Universités; CNRS; Université Pierre et Marie Curie UMR 8227; Station Biologique Roscoff France
| | - Juan A. Correa
- Departamento de Ecología, and Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile and UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae; Station Biologique de Roscoff France
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad; Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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19
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Kopriva S. Plant sulfur nutrition: From Sachs to Big Data. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1055436. [PMID: 26305261 PMCID: PMC4883835 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1055436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Together with water and carbon dioxide plants require 14 essential mineral nutrients to finish their life cycle. The research in plant nutrition can be traced back to Julius Sachs, who was the first to experimentally prove the essentiality of mineral nutrients for plants. Among those elements Sachs showed to be essential is sulfur. Plant sulfur nutrition has been not as extensively studied as the nutrition of nitrogen and phosphate, probably because sulfur was not limiting for agriculture. However, with the reduction of atmospheric sulfur dioxide emissions sulfur deficiency has become common. The research in sulfur nutrition has changed over the years from using yeast and algae as experimental material to adopting Arabidopsis as the plant model as well as from simple biochemical measurements of individual parameters to system biology. Here the evolution of sulfur research from the times of Sachs to the current Big Data is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
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20
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Hydrogen sulfide in plants: From dissipation of excess sulfur to signaling molecule. Nitric Oxide 2014; 41:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Yarmolinsky D, Brychkova G, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Ventura Y, Khozin-Goldberg I, Eppel A, Fluhr R, Sagi M. Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1505-1520. [PMID: 24987017 PMCID: PMC4119034 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Galina Brychkova
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Yvonne Ventura
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Amir Eppel
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Robert Fluhr
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., A.K., A.B., Y.V., I.K.-G., A.E., M.S.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
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22
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Signaling in the plant cytosol: cysteine or sulfide? Amino Acids 2014; 47:2155-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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General Characteristics and Important Model Organisms. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555815516.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Liu J, Chakraborty S, Hosseinzadeh P, Yu Y, Tian S, Petrik I, Bhagi A, Lu Y. Metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4366-469. [PMID: 24758379 PMCID: PMC4002152 DOI: 10.1021/cr400479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Igor Petrik
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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25
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Koprivova A, Calderwood A, Lee BR, Kopriva S. Do PFT1 and HY5 interact in regulation of sulfate assimilation by light in Arabidopsis? FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Molecular mechanisms of regulation of sulfate assimilation: first steps on a long road. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:589. [PMID: 25400653 PMCID: PMC4212615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of sulfate assimilation, which provides plants with the essential nutrient sulfur, is tightly regulated and coordinated with the demand for reduced sulfur. The responses of metabolite concentrations, enzyme activities and mRNA levels to various signals and environmental conditions have been well described for the pathway. However, only little is known about the molecular mechanisms of this regulation. To date, nine transcription factors have been described to control transcription of genes of sulfate uptake and assimilation. In addition, other levels of regulation contribute to the control of sulfur metabolism. Post-transcriptional regulation has been shown for sulfate transporters, adenosine 5'phosphosulfate reductase, and cysteine synthase. Several genes of the pathway are targets of microRNA miR395. In addition, protein-protein interaction is increasingly found in the center of various regulatory circuits. On top of the mechanisms of regulation of single genes, we are starting to learn more about mechanisms of adaptation, due to analyses of natural variation. In this article, the summary of different mechanisms of regulation will be accompanied by identification of the major gaps in knowledge and proposition of possible ways of filling them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- *Correspondence: Stanislav Kopriva, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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27
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Structural and physiological analyses of the alkanesulphonate-binding protein (SsuA) of the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80083. [PMID: 24282519 PMCID: PMC3839906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The uptake of sulphur-containing compounds plays a pivotal role in the physiology of bacteria that live in aerobic soils where organosulfur compounds such as sulphonates and sulphate esters represent more than 95% of the available sulphur. Until now, no information has been available on the uptake of sulphonates by bacterial plant pathogens, particularly those of the Xanthomonas genus, which encompasses several pathogenic species. In the present study, we characterised the alkanesulphonate uptake system (Ssu) of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri 306 strain (X. citri), the etiological agent of citrus canker. Methodology/Principal Findings A single operon-like gene cluster (ssuEDACB) that encodes both the sulphur uptake system and enzymes involved in desulphurisation was detected in the genomes of X. citri and of the closely related species. We characterised X. citri SsuA protein, a periplasmic alkanesulphonate-binding protein that, together with SsuC and SsuB, defines the alkanesulphonate uptake system. The crystal structure of SsuA bound to MOPS, MES and HEPES, which is herein described for the first time, provides evidence for the importance of a conserved dipole in sulphate group coordination, identifies specific amino acids interacting with the sulphate group and shows the presence of a rather large binding pocket that explains the rather wide range of molecules recognised by the protein. Isolation of an isogenic ssuA-knockout derivative of the X. citri 306 strain showed that disruption of alkanesulphonate uptake affects both xanthan gum production and generation of canker lesions in sweet orange leaves. Conclusions/Significance The present study unravels unique structural and functional features of the X. citri SsuA protein and provides the first experimental evidence that an ABC uptake system affects the virulence of this phytopathogen.
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Stevenson CEM, Hughes RK, McManus MT, Lawson DM, Kopriva S. The X-ray crystal structure of APR-B, an atypical adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase from Physcomitrella patens. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3626-32. [PMID: 24100135 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonucleotide reductases catalyse the first reductive step of sulfate assimilation. Their substrate specificities generally correlate with the requirement for a [Fe4S4] cluster, where adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductases possess a cluster and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductases do not. The exception is the APR-B isoform of APS reductase from the moss Physcomitrella patens, which lacks a cluster. The crystal structure of APR-B, the first for a plant sulfonucleotide reductase, is consistent with a preference for APS. Structural conservation with bacterial APS reductase rules out a structural role for the cluster, but supports the contention that it enhances the activity of conventional APS reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E M Stevenson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Gao H, Subramanian S, Couturier J, Naik SG, Kim SK, Leustek T, Knaff DB, Wu HC, Vignols F, Huynh BH, Rouhier N, Johnson MK. Arabidopsis thaliana Nfu2 accommodates [2Fe-2S] or [4Fe-4S] clusters and is competent for in vitro maturation of chloroplast [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing proteins. Biochemistry 2013; 52:6633-45. [PMID: 24032747 DOI: 10.1021/bi4007622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nfu-type proteins are essential in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in numerous organisms. A number of phenotypes including low levels of Fe-S cluster incorporation are associated with the deletion of the gene encoding a chloroplast-specific Nfu-type protein, Nfu2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtNfu2). Here, we report that recombinant AtNfu2 is able to assemble both [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters. Analytical data and gel filtration studies support cluster/protein stoichiometries of one [2Fe-2S] cluster/homotetramer and one [4Fe-4S] cluster/homodimer. The combination of UV-visible absorption and circular dichroism and resonance Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies has been employed to investigate the nature, properties, and transfer of the clusters assembled on Nfu2. The results are consistent with subunit-bridging [2Fe-2S](2+) and [4Fe-4S](2+) clusters coordinated by the cysteines in the conserved CXXC motif. The results also provided insight into the specificity of Nfu2 for the maturation of chloroplastic Fe-S proteins via intact, rapid, and quantitative cluster transfer. [2Fe-2S] cluster-bound Nfu2 is shown to be an effective [2Fe-2S](2+) cluster donor for glutaredoxin S16 but not glutaredoxin S14. Moreover, [4Fe-4S] cluster-bound Nfu2 is shown to be a very rapid and efficient [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster donor for adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR1), and yeast two-hybrid studies indicate that APR1 forms a complex with Nfu2 but not with Nfu1 and Nfu3, the two other chloroplastic Nfu proteins. This cluster transfer is likely to be physiologically relevant and is particularly significant for plant metabolism as APR1 catalyzes the second step in reductive sulfur assimilation, which ultimately results in the biosynthesis of cysteine, methionine, glutathione, and Fe-S clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyao Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, 30602, United States
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Yarmolinsky D, Brychkova G, Fluhr R, Sagi M. Sulfite reductase protects plants against sulfite toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:725-43. [PMID: 23221833 PMCID: PMC3561015 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant sulfite reductase (SiR; Enzyme Commission 1.8.7.1) catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide in the reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. Comparison of SiR expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Rheinlands Ruhm') and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants revealed that SiR is expressed in a different tissue-dependent manner that likely reflects dissimilarity in sulfur metabolism between the plant species. Using Arabidopsis and tomato SiR mutants with modified SiR expression, we show here that resistance to ectopically applied sulfur dioxide/sulfite is a function of SiR expression levels and that plants with reduced SiR expression exhibit higher sensitivity than the wild type, as manifested in pronounced leaf necrosis and chlorophyll bleaching. The sulfite-sensitive mutants accumulate applied sulfite and show a decline in glutathione levels. In contrast, mutants that overexpress SiR are more tolerant to sulfite toxicity, exhibiting little or no damage. Resistance to high sulfite application is manifested by fast sulfite disappearance and an increase in glutathione levels. The notion that SiR plays a role in the protection of plants against sulfite is supported by the rapid up-regulation of SiR transcript and activity within 30 min of sulfite injection into Arabidopsis and tomato leaves. Peroxisomal sulfite oxidase transcripts and activity levels are likewise promoted by sulfite application as compared with water injection controls. These results indicate that, in addition to participating in the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, SiR also plays a role in protecting leaves against the toxicity of sulfite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Galina Brychkova
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (D.Y., G.B., M.S.); and Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (R.F.)
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Bromke MA, Hoefgen R, Hesse H. Phylogenetic aspects of the sulfate assimilation genes from Thalassiosira pseudonana. Amino Acids 2013; 44:1253-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hamisch D, Randewig D, Schliesky S, Bräutigam A, Weber APM, Geffers R, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H, Mendel RR, Hänsch R. Impact of SO(2) on Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome in wildtype and sulfite oxidase knockout plants analyzed by RNA deep sequencing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1074-1085. [PMID: 23025405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO(2) ) as an air pollutant, and its derivative sulfite, cause abiotic stress that can lead to cell death. It is currently unknown to what extent plant fumigation triggers specific transcriptional responses. To address this question, and to test the hypothesis that sulfite oxidase (SO) is acting in SO(2) detoxification, we compared Arabidopsis wildtype (WT) and SO knockout lines (SO-KO) facing the impact of 600 nl l(-1) SO(2) , using RNAseq to quantify absolute transcript abundances. These transcriptome data were correlated to sulfur metabolism-related enzyme activities and metabolites obtained from identical samples in a previous study. SO-KO plants exhibited remarkable and broad regulative responses at the mRNA level, especially in transcripts related to sulfur metabolism enzymes, but also in those related to stress response and senescence. Focusing on SO regulation, no alterations were detectable in the WT, whereas in SO-KO plants we found up-regulation of two splice variants of the SO gene, although this gene is not functional in this line. Our data provide evidence for the highly specific coregulation between SO and sulfur-related enzymes like APS reductase, and suggest two novel candidates for involvement in SO(2) detoxification: an apoplastic peroxidase, and defensins as putative cysteine mass storages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Hamisch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dörte Randewig
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schliesky
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf R Mendel
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Schiavon M, Galla G, Wirtz M, Pilon-Smits EAH, Telatin V, Quaggiotti S, Hell R, Barcaccia G, Malagoli M. Transcriptome profiling of genes differentially modulated by sulfur and chromium identifies potential targets for phytoremediation and reveals a complex S-Cr interplay on sulfate transport regulation in B. juncea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 239-240:192-205. [PMID: 22995205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A differential display cDNA-AFLP derived technique was used to identify gene transcripts regulated by chromium (Cr) in relation to sulfur (S) nutrition in Brassica juncea. Twelve-day old plants were grown with 200 μM sulfate (+S), without sulfate (-S), with 200 μM sulfate plus 200 μM chromate (+S+Cr), or without sulfate plus 200 μM chromate (-S+Cr). Forty-four combinations of degenerate primers were assayed, which allowed the detection of 346 Transcript-Derived Fragments (TDFs) differentially regulated by Cr and S at times 0, 10 min, 1 h, 24 h. Eight sulfate transporters were identified, whose transcript abundance was dependent on the levels of plant S-compounds. For some of these transporters, a tight coordinated regulation of gene expression was observed in response to Cr. The MapMan analysis revealed a differential pattern of gene expression between +S+Cr and -S+Cr plants for several other transcripts and highlighted an overlap among responses to metals, defence against pathogens and senescence, hence suggesting the existence of common mechanisms of gene regulation. Among the identified gene transcripts, those involved in S metabolism and proteolitic processes may represent potential targets of genetic engineering in efforts to increase Cr accumulation and tolerance in plant species employed in phytoremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Schiavon
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
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Santos CS, Pinheiro M, Silva AI, Egas C, Vasconcelos MW. Searching for resistance genes to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using high throughput screening. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:599. [PMID: 23134679 PMCID: PMC3542250 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), damages and kills pine trees and is causing serious economic damage worldwide. Although the ecological mechanism of infestation is well described, the plant's molecular response to the pathogen is not well known. This is due mainly to the lack of genomic information and the complexity of the disease. High throughput sequencing is now an efficient approach for detecting the expression of genes in non-model organisms, thus providing valuable information in spite of the lack of the genome sequence. In an attempt to unravel genes potentially involved in the pine defense against the pathogen, we hereby report the high throughput comparative sequence analysis of infested and non-infested stems of Pinus pinaster (very susceptible to PWN) and Pinus pinea (less susceptible to PWN). RESULTS Four cDNA libraries from infested and non-infested stems of P. pinaster and P. pinea were sequenced in a full 454 GS FLX run, producing a total of 2,083,698 reads. The putative amino acid sequences encoded by the assembled transcripts were annotated according to Gene Ontology, to assign Pinus contigs into Biological Processes, Cellular Components and Molecular Functions categories. Most of the annotated transcripts corresponded to Picea genes-25.4-39.7%, whereas a smaller percentage, matched Pinus genes, 1.8-12.8%, probably a consequence of more public genomic information available for Picea than for Pinus. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed that when P. pinaster was infested with PWN, the genes malate dehydrogenase, ABA, water deficit stress related genes and PAR1 were highly expressed, while in PWN-infested P. pinea, the highly expressed genes were ricin B-related lectin, and genes belonging to the SNARE and high mobility group families. Quantitative PCR experiments confirmed the differential gene expression between the two pine species. CONCLUSIONS Defense-related genes triggered by nematode infestation were detected in both P. pinaster and P. pinea transcriptomes utilizing 454 pyrosequencing technology. P. pinaster showed higher abundance of genes related to transcriptional regulation, terpenoid secondary metabolism (including some with nematicidal activity) and pathogen attack. P. pinea showed higher abundance of genes related to oxidative stress and higher levels of expression in general of stress responsive genes. This study provides essential information about the molecular defense mechanisms utilized by P. pinaster and P. pinea against PWN infestation and contributes to a better understanding of PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Santos
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinheiro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biocant, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 03, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Ana I Silva
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Advanced Services Unit, Biocant, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 03, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
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Brychkova G, Yarmolinsky D, Sagi M. Kinetic assays for determining in vitro APS reductase activity in plants without the use of radioactive substances. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1648-58. [PMID: 22833665 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (APR; EC 1.8.4.9) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of APS to sulfite and AMP, a key step in the sulfate assimilation pathway in higher plants. In spite of the importance of this enzyme, methods currently available for detection of APR activity rely on radioactive labeling and can only be performed in a very few specially equipped laboratories. Here we present two novel kinetic assays for detecting in vitro APR activity that do not require radioactive labeling. In the first assay, APS is used as substrate and reduced glutathione (GSH) as electron donor, while in the second assay APS is replaced by an APS-regenerating system in which ATP sulfurylase catalyzes APS in the reaction medium, which employs sulfate and ATP as substrates. Both kinetic assays rely on fuchsin colorimetric detection of sulfite, the final product of APR activity. Incubation of the desalted protein extract, prior to assay initiation, with tungstate that inhibits the oxidation of sulfite by sulfite oxidase activity, resulted in enhancement of the actual APR activity. The reliability of the two methods was confirmed by assaying leaf extract from Arabidopsis wild-type and APR mutants with impaired or overexpressed APR2 protein, the former lacking APR activity and the latter exhibiting much higher activity than the wild type. The assays were further tested on tomato leaves, which revealed a higher APR activity than Arabidopsis. The proposed APR assays are highly specific, technically simple and readily performed in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Brychkova
- Plant Stress Laboratory, The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
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Brychkova G, Yarmolinsky D, Ventura Y, Sagi M. A novel in-gel assay and an improved kinetic assay for determining in vitro sulfite reductase activity in plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1507-16. [PMID: 22685081 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite reductase (SiR; EC 1.8.7.1), an essential enzyme in the sulfate reduction pathway, catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide, as an intermediate for cysteine biosynthesis. The commonly used kinetic assay for the detection of in vitro SiR activity in plants is based on a coupled reaction, in which the sulfide produced is converted to cysteine through the presence, in the assay medium, of O-acetylserine sulfhydralase (EC 2.5.1.47) and its substrate, O-acetylserine. An improved kinetic assay for SiR activity in crude desalted protein extracts was developed. The improvement was based on pre-treatment of the protein with tungstate, which improved SiR activity in Arabidopsis and tomato leaf by 29 and 12%, respectively, and the addition of NADPH to the reaction medium, which increased SiR activity by 1.6- and 2.8-fold in Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively, in comparison with the current protocols. Despite the availability and reliability of the kinetic assay, there is currently no assay that enables the direct detection of SiR in relatively large numbers of samples. To meet this need, we developed a novel in-gel assay to detect SiR activity in crude extracts. The method is based on the detection of a brownish-black precipitated band of lead sulfide, formed by the reaction of lead acetate with sulfide. The in-gel assay for SiR activity is reliable, sensitive and technically simpler than the kinetic assay, and opens up the possibility for detecting active SiR isoenzymes and splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Brychkova
- Plant Stress Laboratory, The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
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Brychkova G, Yarmolinsky D, Fluhr R, Sagi M. The determination of sulfite levels and its oxidation in plant leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 190:123-30. [PMID: 22608526 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is the sixth most abundant element in life and an important building block of proteins and cellular metabolites. Plants like bacteria can synthesize their sulfur-containing biomolecules from sulfate, where sulfite is an intermediate of the sulfur assimilation pathway. Above a certain threshold SO(2)/sulfite is cytotoxic and is rapidly metabolized to avoid damage. However, the existing data show considerable differences in basal sulfite levels both between species and apparent discrepancies in measured levels in the same species. In order to resolve this question we employed a sulfite detection method using chicken sulfite oxidase and developed an independent enzymatic assay, based on the specific detection of sulfite by sulfite reductase and compared those measurements to a modified colorimetric fuchsin-based method, specific for sulfite detection. We show here that when properly used the sulfite levels detected by the three methods can yield identical results. Furthermore, to examine the capacity of the plant to detoxify sulfite we injected sub-lethal sulfite solutions (yet, several folds higher than the basal levels) into Arabidopsis and tomato leaves and monitored the excess sulfite turnover. Within 3h of sulfite injection, more than 80% of the injected sulfite in Arabidopsis and 91% in tomato were oxidized to sulfate, demonstrating the high capacity of the sulfite oxidation mechanism/s in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Brychkova
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
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Wirtz M, Beard KFM, Lee CP, Boltz A, Schwarzländer M, Fuchs C, Meyer AJ, Heeg C, Sweetlove LJ, Ratcliffe RG, Hell R. Mitochondrial cysteine synthase complex regulates O-acetylserine biosynthesis in plants. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27941-7. [PMID: 22730323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.372656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine synthesis is catalyzed by serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL) in the cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria of plants. Biochemical analyses of recombinant plant SAT and OAS-TL indicate that the reversible association of the proteins in the cysteine synthase complex (CSC) controls cellular sulfur homeostasis. However, the relevance of CSC formation in each compartment for flux control of cysteine synthesis remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate the interaction between mitochondrial SAT3 and OAS-TL C in planta by FRET and establish the role of the mitochondrial CSC in the regulation of cysteine synthesis. NMR spectroscopy of isolated mitochondria from WT, serat2;2, and oastl-C plants showed the SAT-dependent export of OAS. The presence of cysteine resulted in reduced OAS export in mitochondria of oastl-C mutants but not in WT mitochondria. This is in agreement with the stronger in vitro feedback inhibition of free SAT by cysteine compared with CSC-bound SAT and explains the high OAS export rate of WT mitochondria in the presence of cysteine. The predominant role of mitochondrial OAS synthesis was validated in planta by feeding [(3)H]serine to the WT and loss-of-function mutants for OAS-TLs in the cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria. On the basis of these results, we propose a new model in which the mitochondrial CSC acts as a sensor that regulates the level of SAT activity in response to sulfur supply and cysteine demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Ravilious GE, Jez JM. Structural biology of plant sulfur metabolism: From assimilation to biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:1138-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20009k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Randewig D, Hamisch D, Herschbach C, Eiblmeier M, Gehl C, Jurgeleit J, Skerra J, Mendel RR, Rennenberg H, Hänsch R. Sulfite oxidase controls sulfur metabolism under SO2 exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:100-15. [PMID: 21895698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the significance of sulfite oxidase (SO) for sulfite detoxification and sulfur assimilation was investigated. In response to sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) exposure, a remarkable expansion of sulfate and a significant increase of GSH pool were observed in wild-type and SO-overexpressing Arabidopsis. These metabolic changes were connected with a negative feedback inhibition of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), but no alterations in gas exchange parameters or visible symptoms of injury. However, Arabidopsis SO-KO mutants were consistently negatively affected upon 600 nL L(-1) SO(2) exposure for 60 h and showed phenotypical symptoms of injury with small necrotic spots on the leaves. The mean g(H2O) was reduced by about 60% over the fumigation period, accompanied by a reduction of net CO(2) assimilation and SO(2) uptake of about 50 and 35%. Moreover, sulfur metabolism was completely distorted. Whereas sulfate pool was kept constant, thiol-levels strongly increased. This demonstrates that SO should be the only protagonist for back-oxidizing and detoxification of sulfite. Based on these results, it is suggested that co-regulation of SO and APR controls sulfate assimilation pathway and stabilizes sulfite distribution into organic sulfur compounds. In conclusion, a sulfate-sulfite cycle driven by APR and SO can be postulated for fine-tuning of sulfur distribution that is additionally used for sulfite detoxification, when plants are exposed to atmospheric SO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Randewig
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 53/54, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
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41
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Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR2) mutation in Arabidopsis implicates glutathione deficiency in selenate toxicity. Biochem J 2011; 438:325-35. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
APR2 is the dominant APR (adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and converts activated sulfate to sulfite, a key reaction in the sulfate reduction pathway. To determine whether APR2 has a role in selenium tolerance and metabolism, a mutant Arabidopsis line (apr2-1) was studied. apr2-1 plants had decreased selenate tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency. Sulfur metabolism was perturbed in apr2-1 plants grown on selenate, as observed by an increase in total sulfur and sulfate, and a 2-fold decrease in glutathione concentration. The altered sulfur metabolism in apr2-1 grown on selenate did not reflect typical sulfate starvation, as cysteine and methionine levels were increased. Knockout of APR2 also increased the accumulation of total selenium and selenate. However, the accumulation of selenite and selenium incorporation in protein was lower in apr2-1 mutants. Decreased incorporation of selenium in protein is typically associated with increased selenium tolerance in plants. However, because the apr2-1 mutant exhibited decreased tolerance to selenate, we propose that selenium toxicity can also be caused by selenate's disruption of glutathione biosynthesis leading to enhanced levels of damaging ROS (reactive oxygen species).
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Ferry N, Stavroulakis S, Guan W, Davison GM, Bell HA, Weaver RJ, Down RE, Gatehouse JA, Gatehouse AMR. Molecular interactions between wheat and cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae): analysis of changes to the wheat proteome. Proteomics 2011; 11:1985-2002. [PMID: 21500340 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aphids are major insect pests of cereal crops, acting as virus vectors as well as causing direct damage. The responses of wheat to infestation by cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae) were investigated in a proteomic analysis. Approximately, 500 protein spots were reproducibly detected in the extracts from leaves of wheat seedlings after extraction and 2-DE. Sixty-seven spots differed significantly between control and infested plants following 24 h of aphid feeding, with 27 and 11 up-regulated, and 8 and 21 down-regulated, in local or systemic tissues, respectively. After 8 days, 80 protein spots differed significantly between control and aphid treatments with 13 and 18 up-regulated and 27 and 22 down-regulated in local or systemic tissues, respectively. As positive controls, plants were treated with salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate; 81 and 37 differentially expressed protein spots, respectively, were identified for these treatments. Approximately, 50% of differentially expressed protein spots were identified by PMF, revealing that the majority of proteins altered by aphid infestation were involved in metabolic processes and photosynthesis. Other proteins identified were involved in signal transduction, stress and defence, antioxidant activity, regulatory processes, and hormone responses. Responses to aphid attack at the proteome level were broadly similar to basal non-specific defence and stress responses in wheat, with evidence of down-regulation of insect-specific defence mechanisms, in agreement with the observed lack of aphid resistance in commercial wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ferry
- School of Environment and Life Science, Salford University, Salford, UK
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43
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Abdallah M, Etienne P, Ourry A, Meuriot F. Do initial S reserves and mineral S availability alter leaf S-N mobilization and leaf senescence in oilseed rape? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:511-20. [PMID: 21421399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Winter oilseed rape is sensitive to S limitation, however few studies have clearly assessed the impact of initial S reserves on the remobilization of leaf N-S compounds and senescence dynamics within the leaves in S limited plants. As a consequence, the impacts of high or low initial S reserves on these parameters, further cross-combined with either high or low S availabilities, were examined using a ¹⁵N and ³⁴S double-labelling method associated with a study of gene expression of relevant tonoplastic sulphate transporters (BnSultr4;1 and BnSultr4;2) and a molecular indicator of leaf senescence (BnSAG12/BnCab). Plants with high initial S status and S limitation showed an optimal growth comparable to control plants. Moreover, in response to S limitation, leaf soluble protein content, total S, recently assimilated S (i.e., ³⁴S) and the sulphate content in the oldest leaves declined, and the expression of genes encoding tonoplastic sulphate transporters were up-regulated. However, compared to control plants, S limitation delayed leaf senescence. These data suggested that in response to S limitation, plants with high initial S were able to sustain optimized leaf growth by increasing endogenous N and S remobilization independently of the leaf senescence process. In contrast, if these low S plants had no initial S reserves, leaf N-S remobilization was not sufficient to allow optimal growth. As a conclusion, our study supports a model where oilseed rape is able to compensate transiently for S limitation through a fine management of leaf N-S remobilization and a delayed leaf senescence dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdallah
- UMR INRA-UCBN 950, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie and Nutritions N. C. S. (EVA), INRA, University Caen, F-14032 Caen, France
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44
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Lee JS, White E, Kim SG, Schlesinger SR, Lee SY, Kim SK. Discovery of a novel adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase from the methanarcheon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Takahashi H, Kopriva S, Giordano M, Saito K, Hell R. Sulfur assimilation in photosynthetic organisms: molecular functions and regulations of transporters and assimilatory enzymes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 62:157-84. [PMID: 21370978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is required for growth of all organisms and is present in a wide variety of metabolites having distinctive biological functions. Sulfur is cycled in ecosystems in nature where conversion of sulfate to organic sulfur compounds is primarily dependent on sulfate uptake and reduction pathways in photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms. In vascular plant species, transport proteins and enzymes in this pathway are functionally diversified to have distinct biochemical properties in specific cellular and subcellular compartments. Recent findings indicate regulatory processes of sulfate transport and metabolism are tightly connected through several modes of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. This review provides up-to-date knowledge in functions and regulations of sulfur assimilation in plants and algae, focusing on sulfate transport systems and metabolic pathways for sulfate reduction and synthesis of downstream metabolites with diverse biological functions.
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Hsieh YC, Liu MY, Wang VCC, Chiang YL, Liu EH, Wu WG, Chan SI, Chen CJ. Structural insights into the enzyme catalysis from comparison of three forms of dissimilatory sulphite reductase from Desulfovibrio gigas. Mol Microbiol 2010; 78:1101-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Dürr J, Bücking H, Mult S, Wildhagen H, Palme K, Rennenberg H, Ditengou F, Herschbach C. Seasonal and cell type specific expression of sulfate transporters in the phloem of Populus reveals tree specific characteristics for SO(4)(2-) storage and mobilization. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 72:499-517. [PMID: 20087755 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The storage and mobilization of nutrients in wood and bark tissues is a typical feature of trees. Sulfur can be stored as sulfate, which is transported from source to sink tissues through the phloem. In the present study two transcripts encoding sulfate transporters (SULTR) were identified in the phloem of grey poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba). Their cell-specific expression was analyzed throughout poplar in source tissues, such as mature leaves, and in sink tissues, such as the wood and bark of the stem, roots and the shoot apex. PtaSULTR1;1 mRNA was detected in companion cells of the transport phloem, in the phloem of high-order leaf veins and in fine roots. PtaSULTR3;3a mRNA was found exclusively in the transport phloem and here in both, companion cells and sieve elements. Both sulfate transporter transcripts were located in xylem parenchyma cells indicating a role for PtaSULTR1;1 and PtaSULTR3;3a in xylem unloading. Changes in mRNA abundance of these and of the sulfate transporters PtaSULTR4;1 and PtaSULTR4;2 were analyzed over an entire growing season. The expression of PtaSULTR3;3a and of the putative vacuolar efflux transporter PtaSULTR4;2 correlated negatively with the sulfate content in the bark. Furthermore, the expression pattern of both PtaSULTR3;3a and PtaSULTR4;2 correlated significantly with temperature and day length. Thus both SULTRs seem to be involved in mobilization of sulfate during spring: PtaSULTR4;2 mediating efflux from the vacuole and PtaSULTR3;3a mediating loading into the transport phloem. In contrast, the abundance of PtaSULTR1;1 and PtaSULTR4;1 transcripts was not affected by environmental changes throughout the whole season. The transcript abundance of all tested sulfate transporters in leaves was independent of weather conditions. However, PtaSULTR1;1 abundance correlated negatively with sulfate content in leaves, supporting its function in phloem loading. Taken together, these findings indicate a transcriptional regulation of sulfate distribution in poplar trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Dürr
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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48
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Yi H, Galant A, Ravilious GE, Preuss ML, Jez JM. Sensing sulfur conditions: simple to complex protein regulatory mechanisms in plant thiol metabolism. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:269-79. [PMID: 20080815 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is essential for plant growth and development, and the molecular systems for maintaining sulfur and thiol metabolism are tightly controlled. From a biochemical perspective, the regulation of plant thiol metabolism highlights nature's ability to engineer pathways that respond to multiple inputs and cellular demands under a range of conditions. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms that form the molecular basis of biochemical sulfur sensing in plants by translating the intracellular concentration of sulfur-containing compounds into control of key metabolic steps. These mechanisms range from the simple (substrate availability, thermodynamic properties of reactions, feedback inhibition, and organelle localization) to the elaborate (formation of multienzyme complexes and thiol-based redox switches). Ultimately, the dynamic interplay of these regulatory systems is critical for sensing and maintaining sulfur assimilation and thiol metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Davidian JC, Kopriva S. Regulation of sulfate uptake and assimilation--the same or not the same? MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:314-25. [PMID: 20139159 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant take up the essential nutrient sulfur as sulfate from the soil, reduce it, and assimilate into bioorganic compounds, with cysteine being the first product. Both sulfate uptake and assimilation are highly regulated by the demand for the reduced sulfur, by availability of nutrients, and by environmental conditions. In the last decade, great progress has been achieved in dissecting the regulation of sulfur metabolism. Sulfate uptake and reduction of activated sulfate, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), to sulfite by APS reductase appear to be the key regulatory steps. Here, we review the current knowledge on regulation of these processes, with special attention given to similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Davidian
- Unité mixte de recherche, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/UM2, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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50
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Herschbach C, Scheerer U, Rennenberg H. Redox states of glutathione and ascorbate in root tips of poplar (Populus tremula X P. alba) depend on phloem transport from the shoot to the roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1065-74. [PMID: 20022923 PMCID: PMC2826650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASC) are important antioxidants that are involved in stress defence and cell proliferation of meristematic root cells. In principle, synthesis of ASC and GSH in the roots as well as ASC and GSH transport from the shoot to the roots by phloem mass flow is possible. However, it is not yet known whether the ASC and/or the GSH level in roots depends on the supply from the shoot. This was analysed by feeding mature leaves with [(14)C]ASC or [(35)S]GSH and subsequent detection of the radiolabel in different root fractions. Quantitative dependency of root ASC and GSH on shoot-derived ASC and GSH was investigated with poplar (Populus tremula X P. alba) trees interrupted in phloem transport. [(35)S]GSH is transported from mature leaves to the root tips, but is withdrawn from the phloem along the entire transport path. When phloem transport was interrupted, the GSH content in root tips halved within 3 d. [(14)C]ASC is also transported from mature leaves to the root tips but, in contrast to GSH, ASC is not removed from the phloem along the transport path. Accordingly, ASC accumulates in root tips. Interruption of phloem transport disturbed the level and the ASC redox state within the entire root system. Diminished total ASC levels were attributed mainly to a decline of dehydroascorbate (DHA). As the redox state of ASC is of particular significance for root growth and development, it is concluded that phloem transport of ASC may constitute a shoot to root signal to coordinate growth and development at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herschbach
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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