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Hu J, Zhu T, Yao C, Hao C, Yan H, Pu Z, Ma W, Gao B, Gao H, Kong L, Zhang H, Wang J. PaMYB11 promotes suberin deposition in Norway spruce embryogenic tissue during cryopreservation: A novel resistance mechanism against osmosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2199-2216. [PMID: 38990506 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The osmotic resistance mechanism has been extensively studied in whole plants or plant tissues. However, little is known about it in embryogenic tissue (ET) which is widely used in plant-based biotechnological systems. Suberin, a cell wall aliphatic and aromatic heteropolymer, plays a critical role in plant cells against osmosis stress. The suberin regulatory biosynthesis has rarely been studied in gymnosperms. Here, PaMYB11, a subgroup 11 R2R3-MYB transcription factor, plays a key role in the osmotic resistance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) ETs during cryoprotectant pretreatment. Thus, RNA-seq, histological, and analytical chemical analyses are performed on the stable transformations of PaMYB11-OE and PaMYB11-SRDX in Norway spruce ETs. DAP-seq, Y1H, and LUC are further combined to explore the PaMYB11 targets. Activation of PaMYB11 is necessary and sufficient for suberin lamellae deposition on Norway spruce embryogenic cell walls, which plays a decisive role in ET survival under osmotic stress. Transcriptome analysis shows that PaMYB11 enhances suberin lamellae monomer synthesis by promoting very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis. PaPOP, PaADH1, and PaTET8L, the first two (PaADH1 and PaPOP, included) involved in VLCFA synthesis, are proved to be the direct targets of PaMYB11. Our study identified a novel osmotic response directed by PaMYB11 in Norway spruce ET, which provides a new understanding of the resistance mechanism against osmosis in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chunhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ziyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Benwang Gao
- Management Office of Three Gorges Botanical Garden, Yichang, Hubei, 443111, China
| | - Han Gao
- Management Office of Three Gorges Botanical Garden, Yichang, Hubei, 443111, China
| | - Lisheng Kong
- Department of Biology, Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hanguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Tian J, Chen Z, Jiang C, Li S, Yun X, He C, Wang D. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Docynia delavayi provides new insights into the α-farnesene biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134820. [PMID: 39154695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Docynia delavayi is an economically significant fruit species with a high market potential due to the special aroma of its fruit. Here, a 653.34 Mb high-quality genome of D. delavayi was first reported, of which 93.8 % of the sequences (612.98 Mb) could be anchored to 17 chromosomes, containing 48,325 protein-coding genes. Ks analysis proved that two whole genome duplication (WGD) events occurred in D. delavayi, resulting in the expansion of genes associated with terpene biosynthesis, which promoted its fruit-specific aroma production. Combined multi-omics analysis, α-farnesene was detected as the most abundant aroma substance emitted by D. delavayi fruit during storage, meanwhile one α-farnesene synthase gene (AFS) and 15 transcription factors (TFs) were identified as the candidate genes potentially involved in α-farnesene biosynthesis. Further studies for the regulation network of α-farnesene biosynthesis revealed that DdebHLH, DdeERF1 and DdeMYB could activate the transcription of DdeAFS. To our knowledge, it is the first report that MYB TF plays a regulatory role in α-farnesene biosynthesis, which will greatly facilitate future breeding programs for D. delavayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Tian
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xinhua Yun
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Chengzhong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement and Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Woudstra Y, Tumas H, van Ghelder C, Hung TH, Ilska JJ, Girardi S, A’Hara S, McLean P, Cottrell J, Bohlmann J, Bousquet J, Birol I, Woolliams JA, MacKay JJ. Conifers Concentrate Large Numbers of NLR Immune Receptor Genes on One Chromosome. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae113. [PMID: 38787537 PMCID: PMC11171428 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor genes form a major line of defense in plants, acting in both pathogen recognition and resistance machinery activation. NLRs are reported to form large gene clusters in limber pine (Pinus flexilis), but it is unknown how widespread this genomic architecture may be among the extant species of conifers (Pinophyta). We used comparative genomic analyses to assess patterns in the abundance, diversity, and genomic distribution of NLR genes. Chromosome-level whole genome assemblies and high-density linkage maps in the Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae, and other gymnosperms were scanned for NLR genes using existing and customized pipelines. The discovered genes were mapped across chromosomes and linkage groups and analyzed phylogenetically for evolutionary history. Conifer genomes are characterized by dense clusters of NLR genes, highly localized on one chromosome. These clusters are rich in TNL-encoding genes, which seem to have formed through multiple tandem duplication events. In contrast to angiosperms and nonconiferous gymnosperms, genomic clustering of NLR genes is ubiquitous in conifers. NLR-dense genomic regions are likely to influence a large part of the plant's resistance, informing our understanding of adaptation to biotic stress and the development of genetic resources through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley Tumas
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Cyril van Ghelder
- INRAE, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis 06903, France
| | - Tin Hang Hung
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Joana J Ilska
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Sebastien Girardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Forest Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada GIV 0A6
| | - Stuart A’Hara
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Paul McLean
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Joan Cottrell
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Forest Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Inanc Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4S6
| | - John A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John J MacKay
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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Tumas H, Ilska JJ, Gérardi S, Laroche J, A’Hara S, Boyle B, Janes M, McLean P, Lopez G, Lee SJ, Cottrell J, Gorjanc G, Bousquet J, Woolliams JA, MacKay JJ. High-density genetic linkage mapping in Sitka spruce advances the integration of genomic resources in conifers. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae020. [PMID: 38366548 PMCID: PMC10989875 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In species with large and complex genomes such as conifers, dense linkage maps are a useful resource for supporting genome assembly and laying the genomic groundwork at the structural, populational, and functional levels. However, most of the 600+ extant conifer species still lack extensive genotyping resources, which hampers the development of high-density linkage maps. In this study, we developed a linkage map relying on 21,570 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.), a long-lived conifer from western North America that is widely planted for productive forestry in the British Isles. We used a single-step mapping approach to efficiently combine RAD-seq and genotyping array SNP data for 528 individuals from 2 full-sib families. As expected for spruce taxa, the saturated map contained 12 linkages groups with a total length of 2,142 cM. The positioning of 5,414 unique gene coding sequences allowed us to compare our map with that of other Pinaceae species, which provided evidence for high levels of synteny and gene order conservation in this family. We then developed an integrated map for P. sitchensis and Picea glauca based on 27,052 markers and 11,609 gene sequences. Altogether, these 2 linkage maps, the accompanying catalog of 286,159 SNPs and the genotyping chip developed, herein, open new perspectives for a variety of fundamental and more applied research objectives, such as for the improvement of spruce genome assemblies, or for marker-assisted sustainable management of genetic resources in Sitka spruce and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Tumas
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Joana J Ilska
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Sebastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Forest Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - Jerome Laroche
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - Stuart A’Hara
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Brian Boyle
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - Mateja Janes
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Paul McLean
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Gustavo Lopez
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Steve J Lee
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Joan Cottrell
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Gregor Gorjanc
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Forest Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - John A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John J MacKay
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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5
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Hung TH, Wu ETY, Zeltiņš P, Jansons Ā, Ullah A, Erbilgin N, Bohlmann J, Bousquet J, Birol I, Clegg SM, MacKay JJ. Long-insert sequence capture detects high copy numbers in a defence-related beta-glucosidase gene βglu-1 with large variations in white spruce but not Norway spruce. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:118. [PMID: 38281030 PMCID: PMC10821269 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Conifers are long-lived and slow-evolving, thus requiring effective defences against their fast-evolving insect natural enemies. The copy number variation (CNV) of two key acetophenone biosynthesis genes Ugt5/Ugt5b and βglu-1 may provide a plausible mechanism underlying the constitutively variable defence in white spruce (Picea glauca) against its primary defoliator, spruce budworm. This study develops a long-insert sequence capture probe set (Picea_hung_p1.0) for quantifying copy number of βglu-1-like, Ugt5-like genes and single-copy genes on 38 Norway spruce (Picea abies) and 40 P. glauca individuals from eight and nine provenances across Europe and North America respectively. We developed local assemblies (Piabi_c1.0 and Pigla_c.1.0), full-length transcriptomes (PIAB_v1 and PIGL_v1), and gene models to characterise the diversity of βglu-1 and Ugt5 genes. We observed very large copy numbers of βglu-1, with up to 381 copies in a single P. glauca individual. We observed among-provenance CNV of βglu-1 in P. glauca but not P. abies. Ugt5b was predominantly single-copy in both species. This study generates critical hypotheses for testing the emergence and mechanism of extreme CNV, the dosage effect on phenotype, and the varying copy number of genes with the same pathway. We demonstrate new approaches to overcome experimental challenges in genomic research in conifer defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Hang Hung
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Ernest T Y Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Pauls Zeltiņš
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Salaspils, 2169, Latvia
| | - Āris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Salaspils, 2169, Latvia
| | - Aziz Ullah
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Nadir Erbilgin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Forest Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Inanc Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Sonya M Clegg
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - John J MacKay
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
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Lo T, Coombe L, Gagalova KK, Marr A, Warren RL, Kirk H, Pandoh P, Zhao Y, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Ritland C, Pavy N, Jones SJM, Bohlmann J, Bousquet J, Birol I, Thomson A. Assembly and annotation of the black spruce genome provide insights on spruce phylogeny and evolution of stress response. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad247. [PMID: 37875130 PMCID: PMC10755193 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) is a dominant conifer species in the North American boreal forest that plays important ecological and economic roles. Here, we present the first genome assembly of P. mariana with a reconstructed genome size of 18.3 Gbp and NG50 scaffold length of 36.0 kbp. A total of 66,332 protein-coding sequences were predicted in silico and annotated based on sequence homology. We analyzed the evolutionary relationships between P. mariana and 5 other spruces for which complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences were available. The phylogenetic tree estimated from mitochondrial genome sequences agrees with biogeography; specifically, P. mariana was strongly supported as a sister lineage to P. glauca and 3 other taxa found in western North America, followed by the European Picea abies. We obtained mixed topologies with weaker statistical support in phylogenetic trees estimated from nuclear and chloroplast genome sequences, indicative of ancient reticulate evolution affecting these 2 genomes. Clustering of protein-coding sequences from the 6 Picea taxa and 2 Pinus species resulted in 34,776 orthogroups, 560 of which appeared to be specific to P. mariana. Analysis of these specific orthogroups and dN/dS analysis of positive selection signatures for 497 single-copy orthogroups identified gene functions mostly related to plant development and stress response. The P. mariana genome assembly and annotation provides a valuable resource for forest genetics research and applications in this broadly distributed species, especially in relation to climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Lo
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Lauren Coombe
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Kristina K Gagalova
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Alex Marr
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - René L Warren
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Heather Kirk
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Pawan Pandoh
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Carol Ritland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pavy
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Inanç Birol
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Ashley Thomson
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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7
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Yi C, Chen F, Liu Y, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Liu W, Lv J. Integrative analysis of non-targeted metabolome and transcriptome reveals the mechanism of volatile formation in pepper fruit. Front Genet 2023; 14:1290492. [PMID: 38028623 PMCID: PMC10667453 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1290492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aroma is a key inherent quality attributes of pepper fruit, yet the underlying mechanisms of aroma compound biosynthesis remain unclear. Methods: In this study, the volatile profile of the QH (cultivated Capsicum chinense) and WH (cultivated Capsicum annuum) pepper varieties were putatively identified during fruit development using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results and discussion: The results identified 203 volatiles in pepper, and most of the esters, terpenes, aldehydes and alcohols were significantly down-regulated with fruit ripening. The comparison of volatile components between varieties revealed that aldehydes and alcohols were highly expressed in the WH fruit, while esters and terpenes with fruity or floral aroma were generally highly accumulated in the QH fruit, providing QH with a fruity odor. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated the close relationship between the synthesis of volatiles and the fatty acid and terpene metabolic pathways, and the high expression of the ADH, AAT and TPS genes was key in determining the accumulation of volatiles in pepper fruit. Furthermore, integrative metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed that 208 differentially expressed genes were highly correlated with 114 volatiles, and the transcription factors of bHLH, MYB, ARF and IAA were identified as fundamental for the regulation of volatile synthesis in pepper fruit. Our results extend the understanding of the synthesis and accumulation of volatiles in pepper fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fengqingyang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhang
- Vegetable Institution of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Junheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Xu J, Du R, Wang Y, Chen J. Wound-Induced Temporal Reprogramming of Gene Expression during Agarwood Formation in Aquilaria sinensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2901. [PMID: 37631113 PMCID: PMC10459772 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis that is formed in response to mechanical wounding. However, the transcriptional response of A. sinensis to mechanical wounding during the agarwood formation process is still unclear. Here, three five-year-old A. sinensis trees were mechanically damaged by a chisel, and time-series transcriptomic analysis of xylem tissues in the treated area (TA) was performed at 15 (TA1), 70 (TA2) and 180 days after treatment (TA3). Samples from untreated areas at the corresponding time points (UA1, UA2, UA3, respectively) were collected as controls. A total of 1862 (TA1 vs. UA1), 961 (TA2 vs. UA2), 1370 (TA3 vs. UA3), 3305 (TA2 vs. TA1), 2625 (TA3 vs. TA1), 2899 (TA3 vs. TA2), 782 (UA2 vs. UA1), 4443 (UA3 vs. UA1) and 4031 (UA3 vs. UA2) genes were differentially expressed (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched for secondary metabolic processes, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation processes. Most of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were more abundant in the TA groups, which included phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase. DEGs involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis were also identified. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, phosphomevalonate kinase and terpene synthase genes were significantly increased in the TA groups, promoting sesquiterpene biosynthesis in the wounded xylem tissues. The TF-gene transcriptomic networks suggested that MYB DNA-binding, NAM, WRKY, HLH and AP2 TFs co-expressed with genes related to lignin and sesquiterpene synthesis, indicating their critical regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of these compounds. Overall, our study reveals a dynamic transcriptional response of A. sinensis to mechanical wounding, provides a resource for identifying candidate genes for molecular breeding of agarwood quality, and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of agarwood formation in A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Xu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572019, China; (J.X.); (R.D.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruyue Du
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572019, China; (J.X.); (R.D.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572019, China; (J.X.); (R.D.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572019, China; (J.X.); (R.D.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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9
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Man J, Shi Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu S, He G, An K, Han D, Wang X, Wei S. PnMYB4 negatively modulates saponin biosynthesis in Panax notoginseng through interplay with PnMYB1. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad134. [PMID: 37564268 PMCID: PMC10410195 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are the main triterpenoid ingredients from Panax notoginseng, a well-known Chinese medicine, and are important sources for producing drugs to prevent and treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, the transcriptional regulatory network of saponin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng is largely unknown. In the present study we demonstrated that one R2R3-MYB transcription factor, designated PnMYB4, acts as a repressor of saponin accumulation. Suppression of PnMYB4 in P. notoginseng calli significantly increased the saponin content and the expression level of saponin biosynthetic genes. PnMYB4 directly bound to the promoters of key saponin biosynthetic genes, including PnSS, PnSE, and PnDS, to repress saponin accumulation. PnMYB4 and the activator PnMYB1 could interacted with PnbHLH, which is a positive regulator of saponin biosynthesis, to modulate the biosynthesis of saponin. PnMYB4 competed with PnMYB1 for binding to PnbHLH, repressing activation of the promoters of saponin structural genes induced by the PnMYB1-PnbHLH complex. Our study reveals that a complex regulatory module of saponin biosynthesis is associated with positive and negative MYB transcriptional regulators and provides a theoretical basis for improving the content of saponins and efficacy of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Man
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shanhu Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Gaojie He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kelu An
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongran Han
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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10
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Wang Y, Zou J, Li J, Kong F, Xu L, Xu D, Li J, Yang H, Zhang L, Li T, Fan H. Identification and functional analysis of ZmDLS associated with the response to biotic stress in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162826. [PMID: 37546249 PMCID: PMC10399692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are the main class of secondary metabolites produced in response to pest and germ attacks. In maize (Zea mays L.), they are the essential components of the herbivore-induced plant volatile mixture, which functioned as a direct or indirect defense against pest and germ attacks. In this study, 43 maize terpene synthase gene (ZmTPS) family members were systematically identified and analyzed through the whole genomes of maize. Nine genes, including Zm00001d032230, Zm00001d045054, Zm00001d024486, Zm00001d004279, Zm00001d002351, Zm00001d002350, Zm00001d053916, Zm00001d015053, and Zm00001d015054, were isolated for their differential expression pattern in leaves after corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) bite. Additionally, six genes (Zm00001d045054, Zm00001d024486, Zm00001d002351, Zm00001d002350, Zm00001d015053, and Zm00001d015054) were significantly upregulated in response to corn borer bite. Among them, Zm00001d045054 was cloned. Heterologous expression and enzyme activity assays revealed that Zm00001d045054 functioned as d-limonene synthase. It was renamed ZmDLS. Further analysis demonstrated that its expression was upregulated in response to corn borer bites and Fusarium graminearum attacks. The mutant of ZmDLS downregulated the expressions of Zm00001d024486, Zm00001d002351, Zm00001d002350, Zm00001d015053, and Zm00001d015054. It was more attractive to corn borer bites and more susceptible to F. graminearum infection. The yeast one-hybrid assay and dual-luciferase assay showed that ZmMYB76 and ZmMYB101 could upregulate the expression of ZmDLS by binding to the promoter region. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of terpene synthase genes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zou
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fanna Kong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Huaying Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Tingchun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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11
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Huang D, Zhong G, Zhang S, Jiang K, Wang C, Wu J, Wang B. Trichome-Specific Analysis and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) Reveal Potential Regulation Mechanism of Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108473. [PMID: 37239820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomes are attractive cells for terpenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in Artemisia annua. However, the molecular process underlying the trichome of A. annua is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, an analysis of multi-tissue transcriptome data was performed to examine trichome-specific expression patterns. A total of 6646 genes were screened and highly expressed in trichomes, including artemisinin biosynthetic genes such as amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1). Mapman and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that trichome-specific genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism and terpenoid metabolism. These trichome-specific genes were analyzed by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the blue module linked to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was determined. Hub genes correlated with the artemisinin biosynthetic genes were selected based on TOM value. ORA, Benzoate carboxyl methyltransferase (BAMT), Lysine histidine transporter-like 8 (AATL1), Ubiquitin-like protease 1 (Ulp1) and TUBBY were revealed as key hub genes induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for regulating artemisinin biosynthesis. In summary, the identified trichome-specific genes, modules, pathways and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential regulatory mechanisms of artemisinin biosynthesis in trichomes in A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guixian Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kerui Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Velasco VME, Ferreira A, Zaman S, Noordermeer D, Ensminger I, Wegrzyn JL. A long-read and short-read transcriptomics approach provides the first high-quality reference transcriptome and genome annotation for Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkac304. [PMID: 36454025 PMCID: PMC10468028 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is native to western North America. It grows in a wide range of environmental conditions and is an important timber tree. Although there are several studies on the gene expression responses of Douglas-fir to abiotic cues, the absence of high-quality transcriptome and genome data is a barrier to further investigation. Like for most conifers, the available transcriptome and genome reference dataset for Douglas-fir remains fragmented and requires refinement. We aimed to generate a highly accurate, and complete reference transcriptome and genome annotation. We deep-sequenced the transcriptome of Douglas-fir needles from seedlings that were grown under nonstress control conditions or a combination of heat and drought stress conditions using long-read (LR) and short-read (SR) sequencing platforms. We used 2 computational approaches, namely de novo and genome-guided LR transcriptome assembly. Using the LR de novo assembly, we identified 1.3X more high-quality transcripts, 1.85X more "complete" genes, and 2.7X more functionally annotated genes compared to the genome-guided assembly approach. We predicted 666 long noncoding RNAs and 12,778 unique protein-coding transcripts including 2,016 putative transcription factors. We leveraged the LR de novo assembled transcriptome with paired-end SR and a published single-end SR transcriptome to generate an improved genome annotation. This was conducted with BRAKER2 and refined based on functional annotation, repetitive content, and transcriptome alignment. This high-quality genome annotation has 51,419 unique gene models derived from 322,631 initial predictions. Overall, our informatics approach provides a new reference Douglas-fir transcriptome assembly and genome annotation with considerably improved completeness and functional annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Ferreira
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sumaira Zaman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Devin Noordermeer
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto,
Mississauga, ON L5L 1C8, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto,
Mississauga, ON L5L 1C8, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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13
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Lend Me Your EARs: A Systematic Review of the Broad Functions of EAR Motif-Containing Transcriptional Repressors in Plants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020270. [PMID: 36833197 PMCID: PMC9956375 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, defined by the consensus sequence patterns LxLxL or DLNx(x)P, is found in a diverse range of plant species. It is the most predominant form of active transcriptional repression motif identified so far in plants. Despite its small size (5 to 6 amino acids), the EAR motif is primarily involved in the negative regulation of developmental, physiological and metabolic functions in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Through an extensive literature review, we identified 119 genes belonging to 23 different plant species that contain an EAR motif and function as negative regulators of gene expression in various biological processes, including plant growth and morphology, metabolism and homeostasis, abiotic stress response, biotic stress response, hormonal pathways and signalling, fertility, and ripening. Positive gene regulation and transcriptional activation are studied extensively, but there remains much more to be discovered about negative gene regulation and the role it plays in plant development, health, and reproduction. This review aims to fill the knowledge gap and provide insights into the role that the EAR motif plays in negative gene regulation, and provoke further research on other protein motifs specific to repressors.
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14
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Zhuge XL, Du X, Xiu ZJ, He CC, Wang YM, Yang HL, Han XM. Discovery of specific catalytic activity toward IAA/FA by LaSABATHs based on genome-wide phylogenetic and enzymatic analysis of SABATH gene family from Larix kaempferi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1562-1574. [PMID: 36442561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The SABATH methyltransferases catalyze methylation of small-molecule metabolites, which participate in plant growth, development and defense response. Given lack of genome-wide studies on gymnosperms SABATH family, the formation and functional differentiation mechanism of the Larix kaempferi SABATH gene family was systematically and exhaustively explored by analyzing gene sequence characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, expression pattern, and enzyme activities. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 247 SABATH genes from 14 land plants were divided into 4 clades, and lineage-specific gene duplication events were important factors that contributed to the evolution of the SABATH gene family in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Substrate specificity analysis of 18 Larix SABATH proteins showed that LaSABATHs could catalyze O-methylation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and farnesic acid (FA), N-methylation of theobromine, and S-methylation of thiobenzoic acid. Furthermore, only LaSABATH2 and LaSABATH29 could catalyze O-methylation of FA, and only LaSABATH30 could catalyze O-methylation of IAA. Homology modeling and molecular docking studies showed the hydrogen bond formed between the His188 of LaSABATH30 and IAA and the noticeable hydrophobic IAA-binding pocket may be helpful for IAA methylation. In this study, identification of proteins with significant specific catalytic activity toward FA and IAA provided high-quality candidate genes for forest genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Zhuge
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Xiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng He
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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15
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Ding Y, Yang Q, Waheed A, Zhao M, Liu X, Kahar G, Haxim Y, Wen X, Zhang D. Genome-wide characterization and functional identification of MYB genes in Malus sieversii infected by Valsa mali. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112681. [PMID: 37089647 PMCID: PMC10113540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Among the most important transcription factors in plants, the v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) regulates the expression network of response genes under stresses such as fungal infection. In China, the canker disease Valsa mali threatens the survival of Malus sieversii, an ancestor of cultivated apples. Using the M. sieversii genome, we identified 457 MsMYB and 128 R2R3-MsMYB genes that were randomly distributed across 17 chromosomes. Based on protein sequence and structure, the R2R3-MsMYB genes were phylogenetically divided into 29 categories, and 26 conserved motifs were identified. We further predicted cis-elements in the 2000-kb promoter region of R2R3-MsMYBs based on the genome. Transcriptome analysis of M. sieversii under V. mali infection showed that 27 R2R3-MsMYBs were significantly differentially expressed, indicating their key role in the response to V. mali infection. Using transient transformation, MsMYB14, MsMYB24, MsMYB39, MsMYB78, and MsMYB108, which were strongly induced by V. mali infection, were functionally identified. Among the five MsMYBs, MsMYB14 and MsMYB78 were both important in enhancing resistance to diseases, whereas MsMYB24 inhibited resistance. Based on the results of this study, we gained a better understanding of the MsMYB transcription factor family and laid the foundation for a future research program on disease prevention strategies in M. sieversii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Gulnaz Kahar
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakupjan Haxim
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
| | - Xuejing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
- *Correspondence: Daoyuan Zhang, ; Xuejing Wen,
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, China
- *Correspondence: Daoyuan Zhang, ; Xuejing Wen,
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16
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Liu X, Zeng Y, Yang L, Li M, Fu M, Zhang S. Plagiodera versicolora feeding induces systemic and sexually differential defense responses in poplars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13804. [PMID: 36270748 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dioecious plants have evolved effective defense strategies to deal with various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known regarding sexual differences in their defense against herbivores. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of systemic defense responses in male and female Populus cathayana attacked by Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting. The results revealed that P. cathayana exhibits sexually differential responses to a defoliator. The percentage of damaged leaf area was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, the observed saccharide changes imply that males and females exhibit different response times to defoliators. The contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased in both sexes but were higher in females. Specifically, the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway plays an important role. Expression of pest-related genes further revealed that hormones induce changes in downstream genes and metabolites, and upregulation of JA ZIM-domain (JAZ) and CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) was more significant in females. In the undamaged adjacent leaves, metabolite and gene changes displayed similar patterns to the damaged local leaves, but levels of JA, JAZ1, and COI1 were higher in females. Therefore, our data confirmed that plants initiate the JA pathway to defend against herbivores, that there is systematic signal transduction, and that this ability is stronger in females than in males. This study provides new insights into the resistance of dioecious plants to herbivory and adds a new theoretical basis for the systemic signal transduction of plants in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Li Q, Fang X, Zhao Y, Cao R, Dong J, Ma P. The SmMYB36-SmERF6/SmERF115 module regulates the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac238. [PMID: 36643739 PMCID: PMC9832864 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content in vivo. SmMYB36 has been found to have important regulatory functions in the synthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid; paradoxically, its mechanism of action in S. miltiorrhiza is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that SmMYB36 functions as a promoter of tanshinones accumulation and a suppressor of phenolic acids through the generation of SmMYB36 overexpressed and chimeric SmMYB36-SRDX (EAR repressive domain) repressor hairy roots in combination with transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis. SmMYB36 directly down-regulate the key enzyme gene of primary metabolism, SmGAPC, up-regulate the tanshinones biosynthesis branch genes SmDXS2, SmGGPPS1, SmCPS1 and down-regulate the phenolic acids biosynthesis branch enzyme gene, SmRAS. Meanwhile, SmERF6, a positive regulator of tanshinone synthesis activating SmCPS1, was up-regulated and SmERF115, a positive regulator of phenolic acid biosynthesis activating SmRAS, was down-regulated. Furthermore, the seven acidic amino acids at the C-terminus of SmMYB36 are required for both self-activating domain and activation of target gene expression. As a consequence, this study contributes to reveal the potential relevance of transcription factors synergistically regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruizhi Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 71210, China
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18
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Xia P, Hu W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Yan K, Liang Z. Structural and interactions analysis of a transcription factor PnMYB2 in Panax notoginseng. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153756. [PMID: 35767909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Panax notoginseng, are the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). They can be synthesized via the mevalonate pathway; PnSS and PnSE1 are the key rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway. In this study, an interaction between PnMYB2 and the key enzymes was identified and characterized from the P. notoginseng cDNA library using the Y1H technique. Subsequently, X-α-gal color reaction confirmed the interaction between PnMYB2 and the upstream sequences of PnSS and PnSE1 promoters. Full-length cDNA sequence of PnMYB2 was isolated and characterized. PnMYB2 has an open reading frame of 864 bp, encoding 287 amino acids. 3D structural analysis of PnMYB2 indicated that its structure was similar to that of the template. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PnMYB2 and PgMYB2 are highly homologous and belong to the R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF). Subcellular localization analysis showed that PnMYB2 was localized in the nucleus. The recombinant protein PnMYB2 was successfully obtained through prokaryotic expression and was confirmed to be an inclusion body protein. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments demonstrated that PnMYB2 specifically binds to MYB core and AC-rich elements. This study provides a theoretical basis for transcriptional regulation of saponin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengguo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Wanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Sanqi Research, Wenshan University, Wenshan, 663000, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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19
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Zhou P, Dang J, Shi Z, Shao Y, Sang M, Dai S, Yue W, Liu C, Wu Q. Identification and characterization of a novel gene involved in glandular trichome development in Nepeta tenuifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936244. [PMID: 35968082 PMCID: PMC9372485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta tenuifolia is a medicinal plant rich in terpenoids and flavonoids with antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. The peltate glandular trichome (PGT) is a multicellular structure considered to be the primary storage organ for monoterpenes; it may serve as an ideal model for studying cell differentiation and the development of glandular trichomes (GTs). The genes that regulate the development of GTs have not yet been well studied. In this study, we identified NtMIXTA1, a GT development-associated gene from the R2R3 MYB SBG9 family. NtMIXTA1 overexpression in tobacco resulted in the production of longer and denser GTs. Virus-induced gene silencing of NtMIXTA1 resulted in lower PGT density, a significant reduction in monoterpene concentration, and the decreased expression of genes related to monoterpene biosynthesis. Comparative transcriptome and widely targeted metabolic analyses revealed that silencing NtMIXTA1 significantly influenced the expression of genes, and the production of metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids. This study provides a solid foundation describing a mechanism underlying the regulation of GT development. In addition, this study further deepens our understanding of the regulatory networks involved in GT development and GT development-associated metabolite flux, as well as provides valuable reference data for studying plants with a high medicinal value without genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjie Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunrui Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilin Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
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20
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Liu M, Wang K, Haapanen M, Ghimire RP, Kivimäenpää M, Asiegbu FO. Analysis of Transcriptome and Terpene Constituents of Scots Pine Genotypes Inherently Resistant or Susceptible to Heterobasidion annosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:947734. [PMID: 35909743 PMCID: PMC9326466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root and stem rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum is a severe problem in boreal Scots pine. Dissecting the features of disease resistance is generally an essential step in resistance breeding in plants and forest trees. In this study, we explored inherent resistance factors of Scots pine against H. annosum. A total of 236 families consisting of 85 full-sib (FS), 35 half-sib population mix (HSpm), and 116 half-sib (HS) families of Scots pine seedlings were inoculated with a H. annosum isolate. We sampled needle tissues before inoculation for terpene measurements and RNA sequencing. Based on the lesion area, the extremes of 12 resistant and 12 susceptible families were selected for further analyses. Necrotic lesions resulting from fungal infection were in a weak to moderate relationship with the plant height. Monoterpenes were the principal terpene compounds observed in Scots pine seedlings. Concentrations of 3-carene were significantly higher in pine genotypes inherently resistant compared with susceptible seedlings. By contrast, susceptible genotypes had significantly higher proportions of α-pinene. Gene ontology analysis of differential expressed transcripts (DETs) revealed that response to biotic factors was enriched in resistant seedlings. Functional characterization of individual DETs revealed that higher expression of transcripts involved in response to abiotic stress was common in susceptible genotypes. This observation was supported by the annotation of hub genes in a key module that was significantly correlated with the lesion trait through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 16 HS and HSpm samples. These findings contribute to our understanding of constitutive resistance factors of Scots pine against Heterobasidion root and stem rot diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Liu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Matti Haapanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rajendra P. Ghimire
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Fred O. Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Imran M, Liu Y, Shafiq S, Abbas F, Ilahi S, Rehman N, Ahmar S, Fiaz S, Baran N, Pan S, Mo Z, Tang X. Transcriptional cascades in the regulation of 2-AP biosynthesis under Zn supply in fragrant rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13721. [PMID: 35598224 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression to control certain genetic programs, such as growth and development, phytohormone regulation, and environmental stresses. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the key element involved in aroma biosynthesis pathway, and the application of micronutrients can increase the 2-AP levels. However, little is known about the micronutrient-induced TFs involved in 2-AP biosynthesis. Here, we identify a number of TF families in two fragrant rice varieties, "Meixiangzhan-2" (M) and "Xiangyaxiangzhan" (X), in response to Zinc (Zn) application through transcriptomic analysis. A total of ~678 TFs were identified and grouped into 26 TF families, each of which was found to be involved in numerous signaling pathways. The WRKY TF family was found to be the most abundant, followed by bHLH and MYB. Furthermore, members of the WRKY, bHLH, MYB, ERF, HSF, MADS-box, NFY, and AP2 TF families were significantly upregulated and may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of aroma biosynthesis. In brief, this study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of 2-AP biosynthesis and highlights the key TFs potentially involved in the production of aroma in fragrant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarfraz Shafiq
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sara Ilahi
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Rehman
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nurettin Baran
- Bitkisel Uretim ve Teknolojileri Bolumu, Uygulamali Bilimler Faku Itesi, Mus Alparslan Universitesi, Mus, Turkey
| | - Shenggang Pan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu M, Wang K, Ghimire RP, Haapanen M, Kivimäenpää M, Asiegbu FO. Molecular and Chemical Screening for Inherent Disease Resistance Factors of Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) Clones Against Conifer Stem Rot Pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:872-880. [PMID: 34698543 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0379-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root and stem rot of conifer trees caused by Heterobasidion annosum species complex leads to huge economic losses in Europe, yet not much is known about the molecular and chemical basis for host resistance. To identify inherent chemical or molecular markers in clones found to be either resistant or susceptible, we sampled needle tissues of all the clones before pathogen inoculation. We conducted a short-term resistance screening by using the pathogen H. parviporum to inoculate 70 Norway spruce clones. Based on lesion size, subsets of highly susceptible and resistant clones were further analyzed. Terpene detection and RNA sequencing were performed to explore inherent variations in genotypes differing in resistance to pathogenic challenge at chemical and transcriptional levels. A negative correlation emerged between resistance and growth. Terpene profiles of resistant clones showed higher content of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with concomitant increased transcript abundance of genes involved in the terpenoid pathway. A set of upregulated genes relevant to flavonoid biosynthesis was observed in resistant genotypes, whereas higher transcripts of lignin biosynthetic genes were prevalent in susceptible clones. Genes involved in flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis as well as terpene content may have a role in facilitating resistance of Norway spruce against H. parviporum. Our results provide strong support on the feasibility of sampling needle tissues before pathogen inoculation, and the approach could be of value for large-scale screening of novel biomarkers for durable resistance. The additional insights could form a basis for further research on resistance screening in this pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Liu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rajendra P Ghimire
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Haapanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Judickaitė A, Lyushkevich V, Filatova I, Mildažienė V, Žūkienė R. The Potential of Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field as Stimulators of Natural Sweeteners Biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050611. [PMID: 35270081 PMCID: PMC8912274 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside (Stev) and rebaudioside A (RebA) are the most abundant steviol glycosides (SGs) responsible for the sweetness of Stevia rabaudiana Bertoni. As compared to Stev, RebA has a higher sweetening potency, better taste and therefore is the most preferred component of the stevia leaf extracts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with abiotic stressors cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) on the amount and ratio of RebA and Stev in the leaves of stevia. Additionally, the effect on total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was investigated. Seeds were treated 5 and 7 min with cold plasma (CP5 and CP7 groups) and 10 min with electromagnetic field (EMF10 group) six days before sowing. The germination tests in vitro demonstrated that all treatments slightly increased germination rate and percentage. HPLC analysis revealed that CP and EMF had strong stimulating effect on SGs accumulation. All treatments increased RebA concentration approximately 1.6-fold; however, the ratio of RebA/Stev decreased from 8.5 in the control to 1.9, 2.5 and 1.1 in CP5, CP7 and EMF10 groups respectively, since the concentration of Stev increased more than RebA, 7.1, 4.6 and 11.0-fold, respectively, compared to control. However, treatments had opposite effect on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. We have demonstrated for the first time that short time pre-sowing treatment of stevia seeds with CP and EMF can be a powerful tool for the enhancement of biosynthesis of RebA and Stev, however it can have negative impact on the content of other secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustė Judickaitė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronika Lyushkevich
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Prospekt Nezavisimosti, BY-220072 Minsk, Belarus; (V.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Irina Filatova
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Prospekt Nezavisimosti, BY-220072 Minsk, Belarus; (V.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Vida Mildažienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Rasa Žūkienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhuang H, Chong SL, Priyanka B, Han X, Lin E, Tong Z, Huang H. Full-length transcriptomic identification of R2R3-MYB family genes related to secondary cell wall development in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:581. [PMID: 34879821 PMCID: PMC8653563 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND R2R3-MYB is a class of transcription factor crucial in regulating secondary cell wall development during wood formation. The regulation of wood formation in gymnosperm has been understudied due to its large genome size. Using Single-Molecule Real-Time sequencing, we obtained full-length transcriptomic libraries from the developmental stem of Cunninghamia lanceolata, a perennial conifer known as Chinese fir. The R2R3-MYB of C. lanceolata (hereafter named as ClMYB) associated with secondary wall development were identified based on phylogenetic analysis, expression studies and functional study on transgenic line. RESULTS The evolutionary relationship of 52 ClMYBs with those from Arabidopsis thaliana, Eucalyptus grandis, Populus trichocarpa, Oryza sativa, two gymnosperm species, Pinus taeda, and Picea glauca were established by neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis. A large number of ClMYBs resided in the woody-expanded subgroups that predominated with the members from woody dicots. In contrast, the woody-preferential subgroup strictly carrying the members of woody dicots contained only one candidate. The results suggest that the woody-expanded subgroup emerges before the gymnosperm/angiosperm split, while most of the woody-preferential subgroups are likely lineage-specific to woody dicots. Nine candidates shared the same subgroups with the A. thaliana orthologs, with known function in regulating secondary wall development. Gene expression analysis inferred that ClMYB1/2/3/4/5/26/27/49/51 might participate in secondary wall development, among which ClMYB1/2/5/26/27/49 were significantly upregulated in the highly lignified compression wood region, reinforcing their regulatory role associated with secondary wall development. ClMYB1 was experimentally proven a transcriptional activator that localised in the nucleus. The overexpression of ClMYB1 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increased lignin deposition in the stems. The members of subgroup S4, ClMYB3/4/5 shared the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif with AtMYB4, which is known to repress the metabolism of phenylpropanoid derived compounds. They also carried a core motif specific to gymnosperm lineage, suggesting divergence of the regulatory process compared to the angiosperms. CONCLUSIONS This work will enrich the collection of full-length gymnosperm-specific R2R3-MYBs related to stem development and contribute to understanding their evolutionary relationship with angiosperm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebi Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Sun-Li Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Borah Priyanka
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Erpei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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25
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Islam MQ, Hasan MN, Hoque H, Jewel NA, Bhuiyan MFH, Prodhan SH. Characterization of transcription factor MYB59 and expression profiling in response to low K + and NO 3- in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:167. [PMID: 34704216 PMCID: PMC8548439 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Nitrogen and potassium are crucial supplements for plant development and growth. Plants can detect potassium and nitrate ions in soils and in like way, they modify root-to-shoot transport of these ions to adjust the conveyance among roots and shoots. Transcription factor MYB59 plays essential roles in numerous physiological processes inclusive of hormone response, abiotic stress tolerance, plant development, and metabolic regulation. In this study, we retrieved 56 MYB59 proteins from different plant species. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree, conserved motif, chromosomal localization, and cis-regulatory elements of the retrieved sequences were analyzed. Gene structure, protein 3D structure, and DNA binding of OsMYB59 indica were also predicted. Finally, we characterized OsMYB59 and its function under low K+/NO3− conditions in Oryza sativa subsp. indica. Results Data analysis showed that MYB59s from various groups separated in terms of conserved functional domains and gene structure, where members of genus Oryza clustered together. Plants showed reduced height and yellowish appearance when grown on K+ and NO3− deficient medium. Quantitative real-time PCR uncovered that the OsMYB59 reacted to abiotic stresses where its expression was increased in BRRI dhan56 but decreased in other varieties on K+ deficient medium. In addition, OsMYB59 transcript level increased on NO3− deficient medium. Conclusions Our results can help to explain the biological functions of indica rice MYB59 protein and gave a theoretical premise to additionally describe its biological roles in response to abiotic stresses particularly drought. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-021-00248-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Qamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Hammadul Hoque
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Nurnabi Azad Jewel
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fahmid Hossain Bhuiyan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsul H Prodhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Hu H, Xue J, Yang J, Xu J. Integrated Four Comparative-Omics Reveals the Mechanism of the Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Two Different Overwintering Cryptomeria fortunei Phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740755. [PMID: 34659308 PMCID: PMC8513690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cedar (Cryptomeria fortunei) is a tree species with important ornamental, medicinal, and economic value. Terpenoids extracted from the essential oil of C. fortunei needles have been considered valuable ingredients in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the possible gene regulation mechanisms that limit terpenoid biosynthesis in this genus are poorly understood. Here, we adopted integrated metabolome analysis, transcriptome, small-RNA (sRNA), and degradome sequencing to analyze the differences in terpenoid regulatory mechanisms in two different overwintering C. fortunei phenotypes (wild-type and an evergreen mutant). A total of 1447/6219 differentially synthesized metabolites (DSMs)/unigenes (DEGs) were detected through metabolome/transcriptome analyses, and these DSMs/DEGs were significantly enriched in flavonoid and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. In C. fortunei needles, 587 microRNAs (miRNAs), including 67 differentially expressed miRNAs (DERs), were detected. Among them, 8346 targets of 571 miRNAs were predicted using degradome data, and a 72-miRNA-target regulatory network involved in the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was constructed. Forty-one targets were further confirmed to be involved in terpenoid backbone and diterpenoid biosynthesis, and target analyses revealed that two miRNAs (i.e., aly-miR168a-5p and aof-miR396a) may be related to the different phenotypes and to differential regulation of diterpenoid biosynthesis. Overall, these results reveal that C. fortunei plants with the evergreen mutation maintain high terpenoid levels in winter through miRNA-target regulation, which provides a valuable resource for essential oil-related bioengineering research.
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Abbas F, Ke Y, Zhou Y, Yu R, Imran M, Amanullah S, Rothenberg DO, Wang Q, Wang L, Fan Y. Functional Characterization of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig MYB132 Confers the Potential Role in Floral Aroma Synthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2014. [PMID: 34685822 PMCID: PMC8541032 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play several key roles in numerous plant biological processes. Hedychium coronarium is an important ornamental plant well-known for its elegant flower shape and abundant aroma type. The floral aroma of H. coronarium is due to the presence of a large amount of terpenes and benzenoids. However, less is known about the role of R2R3-MYB TFs in the regulatory mechanism of floral aroma production in this breed. Herein, we isolate and functionally characterize the R2R3-MYB TF HcMYB132, which is potentially involved in regulating floral aroma synthesis. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that it includes a nuclear localization signal NLS(s) and a 2R, 3R motif signature in the sequences. A subcellular localization assay revealed that HcMYB132 protein localizes to the nucleus. Real-time qPCR assays showed that HcMYB132 is specifically expressed in flowers and its expression pattern correlates with the emission of floral volatile compounds. In HcMYB132-silenced flowers, the levels of floral volatile compounds were significantly reduced, and the expression of key structural volatile synthesis genes was downregulated compared to control. Collectively, these results suggest that HcMYB132 might play a significant role in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in H. coronarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.W.)
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | | | - Qin Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Lan Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.A.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.W.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ma W, Xu L, Gao S, Lyu X, Cao X, Yao Y. Melatonin alters the secondary metabolite profile of grape berry skin by promoting VvMYB14-mediated ethylene biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:43. [PMID: 33642583 PMCID: PMC7917092 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between melatonin and ethylene in the regulation of fruit metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanism of this interplay remain largely unclear. Here, widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed a total of 464 metabolites present in berry skin. Among them, 27 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were produced in response to melatonin treatment in the presence or absence of 1-MCP. Most of the DAMs were secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and flavonols. Additionally, the accumulation of 25 DAMs was regulated by melatonin via ethylene. RNA-seq analysis indicated that melatonin primarily regulated the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via ethylene. Gene-metabolite association analysis showed that melatonin regulated the expression of the VvSTS1, VvF3H, VvLAR2, and VvDFR genes, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in regulating secondary metabolites in the skin; additionally, VvMYB14 and VvACS1 were suggested to be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. Further experiments revealed that melatonin induced the expression of VvMYB14 and that VvMYB14 increased ethylene production by transcriptionally activating VvACS1, thereby affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Collectively, melatonin promotes ethylene biosynthesis and alters secondary metabolite accumulation through the regulation of VvACS1 by VvMYB14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xingning Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaolei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Abbas F, Ke Y, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Waseem M, Ashraf U, Wang C, Wang X, Li X, Yue Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals the Potential Role of MYB Transcription Factors in Floral Scent Formation in Hedychium coronarium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:623742. [PMID: 33719296 PMCID: PMC7952619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.623742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The MYB gene family is one of the largest groups of transcription factors (TFs) playing diverse roles in several biological processes. Hedychium coronarium (white ginger lily) is a renowned ornamental plant both in tropical and subtropical regions due to its flower shape and strong floral scent mainly composed of terpenes and benzenoids. However, there is no information available regarding the role of the MYB gene family in H. coronarium. In the current study, the MYB gene family was identified and extensively analyzed. The identified 253 HcMYB genes were unevenly mapped on 17 chromosomes at a different density. Promoter sequence analysis showed numerous phytohormones related to cis-regulatory elements. The majority of HcMYB genes contain two to three introns and motif composition analysis showed their functional conservation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HcMYBs could be classified into 15 distinct clades, and the segmental duplication events played an essential role in the expansion of the HcMYB gene family. Tissue-specific expression patterns of HcMYB genes displayed spatial and temporal expression. Furthermore, seven HcMYB (HcMYB7/8/75/79/145/238/248) were selected for further investigation. Through RT-qPCR, the response of candidates HcMYB genes toward jasmonic acid methyl ester (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and auxin was examined. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays revealed that candidate genes directly bind to the promoter of bottom structural volatile synthesis genes (HcTPS1, HcTPS3, HcTPS10, and HcBSMT2). Moreover, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay showed that HcMYB7/8/75/145/248 interact with HcJAZ1 protein. In HcMYB7/8/79/145/248-silenced flowers, the floral volatile contents were decreased and downregulated the expression of key structural genes, suggesting that these genes might play crucial roles in floral scent formation in H. coronarium by regulating the expression of floral scent biosynthesis genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that HcMYB genes might be involved in the regulatory mechanism of terpenoids and benzenoid biosynthesis in H. coronarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chutian Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanping Fan,
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Ke Y, Abbas F, Zhou Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Auxin-Responsive R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors HcMYB1 and HcMYB2 Activate Volatile Biosynthesis in Hedychium coronarium Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:710826. [PMID: 34413870 PMCID: PMC8369990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.710826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, an important plant hormone, induces the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites by modulating the expression of auxin-responsive genes. In the ornamental plant Hedychium coronarium, linalool and methyl benzoate are biosynthesized by the terpene synthase (TPS) HcTPS5 and the benzoic/salicylic acid methyltransferase (BSMT) HcBSMT2, respectively. However, the transcriptional regulation of this process remains unclear. Here, we identified and functionally characterized the R2R3-MYB transcription factors HcMYB1 and HcMYB2 in regulating the biosynthesis of these floral aroma compounds. HcMYB1 and HcMYB2 are specifically expressed in flowers, their expression is correlated with the emission of volatile compounds in flowers, and is induced by auxin. Moreover, HcMYB1 and HcMYB2 interact with the HcBSMT2 promoter region. HcMYB2 activates the expression of the linalool synthase gene HcTPS5. In flowers with HcMYB1 or HcMYB2 silenced, the levels of floral scent compounds were significantly reduced, and HcBSMT2 and HcTPS5 were downregulated compared with the wild type. Moreover, HcMYB1 form protein-protein interaction with key scent-related HcIAA4 protein to regulate floral aroma production. Taken together, these results indicate that HcMYB1 and HcMYB2 play crucial roles in regulating the formation of scent compounds in Hedychium coronarium (H. coronarium) flowers in response to auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanping Fan,
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Shen G, Wu R, Xia Y, Pang Y. Identification of Transcription Factor Genes and Functional Characterization of PlMYB1 From Pueraria lobata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743518. [PMID: 34691120 PMCID: PMC8531098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Kudzu, Pueraria lobata, is a traditional Chinese food and medicinal herb that has been commonly used since ancient times. Kudzu roots are rich sources of isoflavonoids, e.g., puerarin, with beneficial effects on human health. To gain global information on the isoflavonoid biosynthetic regulation network in kudzu, de novo transcriptome sequencings were performed using two genotypes of kudzu with and without puerarin accumulation in roots. RNAseq data showed that the genes of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway were significantly represented in the upregulated genes in the kudzu with puerarin. To discover regulatory genes, 105, 112, and 143 genes encoding MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription regulators were identified and classified, respectively. Among them, three MYB, four bHLHs, and one WD40 gene were found to be highly identical to their orthologs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in other plants. Notably, the expression profiles of PlMYB1, PlHLH3-4, and PlWD40-1 genes were closely correlated with isoflavonoid accumulation profiles in different tissues and cell cultures of kudzu. Over-expression of PlMYB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and proanthocyanidins in seeds, by activating AtDFR, AtANR, and AtANS genes. Our study provided valuable comparative transcriptome information for further identification of regulatory or structural genes involved in the isoflavonoid pathway in P. lobata, as well as for bioengineering of bioactive isoflavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Shen
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Pang,
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Laoué J, Depardieu C, Gérardi S, Lamothe M, Bomal C, Azaiez A, Gros-Louis MC, Laroche J, Boyle B, Hammerbacher A, Isabel N, Bousquet J. Combining QTL Mapping and Transcriptomics to Decipher the Genetic Architecture of Phenolic Compounds Metabolism in the Conifer White Spruce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675108. [PMID: 34079574 PMCID: PMC8166253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conifer forests worldwide are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Although the production of phenolic compounds (PCs) has been shown to be modulated by biotic and abiotic stresses, the genetic basis underlying the variation in their constitutive production level remains poorly documented in conifers. We used QTL mapping and RNA-Seq to explore the complex polygenic network underlying the constitutive production of PCs in a white spruce (Picea glauca) full-sib family for 2 years. QTL detection was performed for nine PCs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between individuals with high and low PC contents for five PCs exhibiting stable QTLs across time. A total of 17 QTLs were detected for eight metabolites, including one major QTL explaining up to 91.3% of the neolignan-2 variance. The RNA-Seq analysis highlighted 50 DEGs associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, several key transcription factors, and a subset of 137 genes showing opposite expression patterns in individuals with high levels of the flavonoids gallocatechin and taxifolin glucoside. A total of 19 DEGs co-localized with QTLs. Our findings represent a significant step toward resolving the genomic architecture of PC production in spruce and facilitate the functional characterization of genes and transcriptional networks responsible for differences in constitutive production of PCs in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Laoué
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Justine Laoué
| | - Claire Depardieu
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Lamothe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Bomal
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aïda Azaiez
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gros-Louis
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Laroche
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Brian Boyle
- Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology, Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Jean Bousquet
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Abbas F, Zhou Y, He J, Ke Y, Qin W, Yu R, Fan Y. Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Revealed That Melatonin Positively Regulates Floral Scent Production in Hedychium coronarium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:808899. [PMID: 34975998 PMCID: PMC8719004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates a variety of developmental processes. Floral volatiles are important features of flowers that facilitate flower-visitor interactions by attracting pollinators, structure flower-visitor communities, and play defensive roles against plant and flower antagonists. Aside from their role in plants, floral volatiles are an essential ingredient in cosmetics, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings. Herein, integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches were carried out to analyze the changes triggered by melatonin exposure during the Hedychium coronarium flower development stages. Quantitative analysis of the volatiles of H. coronarium flowers revealed that volatile organic compound emission was significantly enhanced after melatonin exposure during the half bloom (HS), full bloom (FB) and fade stage (FS). Under the melatonin treatment, the emission of volatile contents was highest during the full bloom stage of the flower. Variable importance in projection (VIP) analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) identified 15 volatile compounds with VIP > 1 that were prominently altered by the melatonin treatments. According to the transcriptome sequencing data of the HS, FB, and FS of the flowers, 1,372, 1,510, and 1,488 differentially expressed genes were identified between CK-HS and 100MT-HS, CK-FB and 100MT-FB, and CK-FS and 100MT-FS, respectively. Among the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 76 were significantly upregulated and directly involved in the floral scent biosynthesis process. In addition, certain volatile organic compounds were substantially linked with various DEGs after combining the metabolome and transcriptome datasets. Moreover, some transcription factors, such as MYB and bHLH, were also significantly upregulated in the comparison, which might be related to the floral aroma mechanism. Our results suggested that melatonin increased floral aroma production in H. coronarium flowers by modifying the expression level of genes involved in the floral scent biosynthesis pathway. These findings serve as a foundation for future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in volatile contents induced by melatonin treatment in H. coronarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjuan He
- Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Wang Qin
- Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanping Fan,
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Shan X, Li Y, Yang S, Yang Z, Qiu M, Gao R, Han T, Meng X, Xu Z, Wang L, Gao X. The spatio-temporal biosynthesis of floral flavonols is controlled by differential phylogenetic MYB regulators in Freesia hybrida. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1864-1879. [PMID: 32696979 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Floral flavonols play specific pivotal roles in pollinator attraction, pollen germination and fertility, in addition to other functions in vegetative organs. For many plants, the process of flavonol biosynthesis in late flower development stages and in mature flower tissues is poorly understood, in contrast to early flower development stages. It is thought that this process may be regulated independently of subgroup 7 R2R3 MYB (SG7 MYB) transcription factors. In this study, two FLS genes were shown to be expressed synchronously with the flower development-specific and tissue-specific biosynthesis of flavonols in Freesia hybrida. FhFLS1 contributed to flavonol biosynthesis in early flower buds, toruses and calyxes, and was regulated by four well-known SG7 MYB proteins, designated as FhMYBFs, with at least partial regulatory redundancy. FhFLS2 accounted for flavonols in late developed flowers and in the petals, stamens and pistils, and was targeted directly by non SG7 MYB protein FhMYB21L2. In parallel, AtMYB21 and AtMYB24 also activated AtFLS1, a gene highly expressed in Arabidopsis anthers and pollen, indicating the conserved regulatory roles of MYB21 against FLS genes in these two evolutionarily divergent angiosperm plants. Our results reveal a novel regulatory and synthetic mechanism underlying flavonol biosynthesis in floral organs and tissues which may be exploited to investigate supplementary roles of flavonols in flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Taotao Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhengyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Plant Volatile Organic Compounds Evolution: Transcriptional Regulation, Epigenetics and Polyploidy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238956. [PMID: 33255749 PMCID: PMC7728353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by plants as a consequence of their interaction with biotic and abiotic factors, and have a very important role in plant evolution. Floral VOCs are often involved in defense and pollinator attraction. These interactions often change rapidly over time, so a quick response to those changes is required. Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, which regulate both genes and transcription factors, might trigger adaptive responses to these evolutionary pressures as well as regulating the rhythmic emission of VOCs through circadian clock regulation. In addition, transgenerational epigenetic effects and whole genome polyploidy could modify the generation of VOCs’ profiles of offspring, contributing to long-term evolutionary shifts. In this article, we review the available knowledge about the mechanisms that may act as epigenetic regulators of the main VOC biosynthetic pathways, and their importance in plant evolution.
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Röhlen-Schmittgen S, Ellenberger J, Groher T, Hunsche M. Boosting leaf contents of rutin and solanesol in bio-waste of Solanum lycopersicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:888-897. [PMID: 32905983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In tomato production, the accruing green biomass shows promising potential as source of health-promoting compounds, such as rutin and solanesol, that are of high interest due to their medicinal properties. Naturally, they accumulate in plants growing in suboptimal growing conditions, e.g. influenced by biotic and abiotic stressors. With the aim to evaluate the potential use of tomato residues as source, we analyzed both leaf metabolites during a complete cultivation cycle, while applying single and combined stresses practically realized in greenhouse production. In the late season, contents of both metabolites were significantly enhanced by nutrient deficit in combination with 2 °C colder nights for 4 weeks and prolonged for in total 9 weeks. Particularly, higher solanesol contents were achieved by salt stress and elevated temperature after one week, even stronger when combined with drought. At harvest, stressed plants consist of less green biomass reducing the overall economic potential. However, practicable abiotic stresses should be considered as potential tool to induce the accumulation of beneficial compounds. Extracting profitable metabolites from the green biomass of the model crop tomato supports the overall goal to promote sustainable approaches in horticultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Ellenberger
- INRES Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Groher
- INRES Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany; Agroscope, Taenikon, 8356, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Hunsche
- INRES Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany; COMPO EXPERT International GmbH, 48155, Muenster, Germany
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Jin S, Hyun TK. Ectopic Expression of Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 ( PAP1) Improves the Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Ginseng ( Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Hairy Roots. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100922. [PMID: 32993165 PMCID: PMC7601150 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of genetically engineered cell cultures has been suggested as a potential approach for the production of target compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, we generated PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1)-overexpressing ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots to improve the production of anthocyanins, as well as the bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant and whitening activities) of ginseng. Based on differentially expressed gene analysis, we found that ectopic expression of PAP1 induced the expression of genes involved in the ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ (24 genes), and ‘flavonoid biosynthesis’ (17 genes) pathways, resulting in 191- to 341-fold increases in anthocyanin production compared to transgenic control (TC) hairy roots. Additionally, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots exhibited an approximately seven-fold higher DPPH-free radical scavenging activity and 10-fold higher ORAC value compared to the TC. In α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells, PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots strongly inhibited the accumulation of melanin by 50 to 59% compared to mock-control. Furthermore, results obtained by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and tyrosinase inhibition assay suggested that the anti-melanogenic activity of PAP1-overexpressing ginseng hairy roots is mediated by tyrosinase activity inhibition. Taken together, our results suggested that the ectopic expression of PAP1 is an effective strategy for the enhancement of anthocyanin production, which improves the biological activities of ginseng root cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2520; Fax: +82-43-271-0413
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Yang Z, Li Y, Gao F, Jin W, Li S, Kimani S, Yang S, Bao T, Gao X, Wang L. MYB21 interacts with MYC2 to control the expression of terpene synthase genes in flowers of Freesia hybrida and Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4140-4158. [PMID: 32275056 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, linalool was found to be the most abundant component among the cocktail of volatiles released from flowers of Freesia hybrida. Linalool formation is catalysed by monoterpene synthase TPS1. However, the regulatory network developmentally modulating the expression of the TPS1 gene in Freesia hybrida remains unexplored. In this study, three regulatory genes, FhMYB21L1, FhMYB21L2, and FhMYC2, were screened from 52 candidates. Two MYB transcription factor genes were synchronously expressed with FhTPS1 and could activate its expression significantly when overexpressed, and the binding of FhMYB21L2 to the MYBCORE sites in the FhTPS1 promoter was further confirmed, indicating a direct role in activation. FhMYC2 showed an inverse expression pattern compared with FhTPS1; its expression led to a decreased binding of FhMYB21 to the FhTPS1 promoter to reduce its activation capacity when co-expressed, suggesting a role for an MYB-bHLH complex in the regulation of the FhTPS1 gene. In Arabidopsis, both MYB21 and MYC2 regulators were shown to activate the expression of sesquiterpene synthase genes, and the regulatory roles of AtMYB21 and AtMYC2 in the expression of the linalool synthase gene were also confirmed, implying conserved functions of the MYB-bHLH complex in these two evolutionarily divergent plants. Moreover, the expression ratio between MYB21 and MYC2 orthologues might be a determinant factor in floral linalool emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengzhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shadrack Kimani
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Li R, Zhu F, Duan D. Function analysis and stress-mediated cis-element identification in the promoter region of VqMYB15. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1773664. [PMID: 32475217 PMCID: PMC8570707 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1773664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYB15 plays an important role in grape basal immunity, and its promoter can be used as a potential target in resistance breeding. However, the regulatory mechanisms of cis-elements in its promoter region under a variety of stresses remain unclear. In this study, we identified some putative cis-regulatory elements present upstream of MYB15 in Vitis quinquangularis Shanyang (pVqMYB15_SY) and subsequently characterized the function of these elements using reporter assays. Our results showed that TCA-elements 1 and 2, ABRE, MYC and 3-AF1 binding site 1 are key cis-regulatory elements in pVqMYB15_SY and play important roles in plant bio/abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fanding Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- CONTACT Dong Duan Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an710069, China
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Soliman SSM, Raizada MN. Sites of biosynthesis and storage of Taxol in Taxus media (Rehder) plants: Mechanism of accumulation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112369. [PMID: 32371314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Taxol is a cytotoxic agent against various types of cancers. The cytotoxic activities of Taxol can be extended to its synthesizing plant. Here, Taxol is shown to have special synthesis, storage and transport mechanisms that avoid the toxic effects on its source plant. The sites of Taxol biosynthesis, transport and storage were revealed by quantification of plant Taxol, its intermediate baccatin III, the polyphenol side chain precursor , gene expression analysis of the major Taxol biosynthetic genes and in situ immuno-labeling. Although the biosynthesis of Taxol was limited by the expression of its biosynthetic genes and the presence of baccatin III, its presence did not correlate to baccatin III accumulation, nor to the expression of biosynthetic genes. However, Taxol presence positively correlated to polyphenol accumulation (late stage in Taxol assembly) and the resin-like hydrophobic bodies (HB, storage organelles). These results indicate that the presence of Taxol requires two complementary steps, biosynthesis followed by storage. Each step is limited by the availability of different precursors, which differ in their localization within the plant. Thus, the sites of biosynthesis, transport and storage of Taxol are different. Taxus media (Rehder) plant wood showed high concentrations of baccatin III and the expression of biosynthetic genes. However, the concentrations of Taxol, polyphenol and HB were very high in the plant outer layers including phloem and dead bark (rhytidome). Furthermore, in situ immuno-labeling showed that taxadiene synthase (the rate-limiting enzyme in Taxol biosynthesis) was mainly found in the wood, while Taxol primarily localized to the outer tissues. Conclusively, wood can be considered as the site of Taxol biosynthesis. Our data also propose that Taxol then accumulates into HB in order to permit its transport within the living plant tissues without causing toxic effects. This is followed by Taxol storage in the outer tissues including phloem and dead bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Manish N Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Zhang P, Liu X, Yu X, Wang F, Long J, Shen W, Jiang D, Zhao X. The MYB transcription factor CiMYB42 regulates limonoids biosynthesis in citrus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32493275 PMCID: PMC7271526 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonoids are major bioactive compounds that are produced by the triterpenoid metabolic pathway. The detailed biochemical process of limonoid biosynthesis and the mechanism of its molecular regulation remain elusive. The identification of transcription factors that regulate limonoid biosynthetic pathways is very important for understanding the underlying regulatory mechanisms. This information could also provide tools for manipulating biosynthesis genes to modulate limonoid production. RESULTS In this study, the CiMYB42 transcription factor was isolated to identify its role in limonoid biosynthesis. Multiple alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CiMYB42 is a typical R2R3MYB transcription factor that shares high similarity of its amino acid sequence with AtMYB42. Limonoids contents were higher in Citrus sinensis and Citrus grandis than in other species. Limonoid accumulation during leaf development also showed diverse trends in different genotypes. The expression of CiMYB42 was significantly related to the limonoid content and the expression of CiOSC in some citrus accessions. The overexpression of CiMYB42 in sweet orange resulted in significant accumulation of limonin, whereas the downregulation of CiMYB42 by RNAi resulted in a dwarf phenotype and less nomilin accumulation. Furthermore, the results of a yeast one-hybrid assay and EMSA indicated that CiMYB42 binds exclusively to the TTGTTG sequence (type II MYB core) in the promoter of CiOSC. Together, these results suggest that CiMYB42 positively regulates limonoid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of CiOSC by binding to the TTGTTG sequence (type II MYB core) of its promoter. CONCLUSIONS CiMYB42 is an important transcription activator involved in limonoid biosynthesis that regulates the expression of CiOSC by binding to the TTGTTG sequence (type II MYB core).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Junhong Long
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Wanxia Shen
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China.
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China.
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Liu B, Wang JP. Tracheid-associated transcription factors in loblolly pine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:700-703. [PMID: 32050028 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoguang Liu
- Department of Forestry, Beihua University, 3999 East Binjiang Road, Fengman District, Jilin 132013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 51 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 840 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Hassani D, Fu X, Shen Q, Khalid M, Rose JKC, Tang K. Parallel Transcriptional Regulation of Artemisinin and Flavonoid Biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:466-476. [PMID: 32304658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants regulate the synthesis of specialized compounds through the actions of individual transcription factors (TFs) or sets of TFs. One such compound, artemisinin from Artemisia annua, is widely used as a pharmacological product in the first-line treatment of malaria. However, the emergence of resistance to artemisinin in Plasmodium species, as well as its low production rates, have required innovative treatments such as exploiting the synergistic effects of flavonoids with artemisinin. We overview current knowledge about flavonoid and artemisinin transcriptional regulation in A. annua, and review the dual action of TFs and structural genes that can regulate both pathways simultaneously. Understanding the concerted action of these TFs and their associated structural genes can guide the development of strategies to further improve flavonoid and artemisinin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hassani
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China.
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Li X, He L, An X, Yu K, Meng N, Duan C, Pan QH. VviWRKY40, a WRKY Transcription Factor, Regulates Glycosylated Monoterpenoid Production by VviGT14 in Grape Berry. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050485. [PMID: 32365554 PMCID: PMC7290806 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated volatile precursors are important, particularly in wine grape berries, as they contribute to the final aroma in wines by releasing volatile aglycones during yeast fermentation and wine storage. Previous study demonstrated that VviGT14 was functioned as a critical monoterpene glucosyltransferase in grape berry, while the transcriptional regulation mechanism of VviGT14 was still unknown. Here we identified VviWRKY40 as a binding factor of VviGT14 promoter by both DNA pull-down and yeast one-hybrid screening, followed by a series of in vitro verification. VviWRKY40 expression pattern negatively correlated with that of VviGT14 in grape berries. And the suppressor role of VviWRKY40 was further confirmed by using the dual luciferase assay with Arabidopsis protoplast and grape cell suspension system. Furthermore, the grape suspension cell ABA treatment study showed that ABA downregulated VviWRKY40 transcript level but promoted that of VviGT14, indicating that VviWRKY40 was at the downstream of ABA signal transduction network to regulate monoterpenoid glycosylation. These data extend our knowledge of transcriptional regulation of VviGT14, and provide new targets for grape breeding to alter monoterpenoid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohui An
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Keji Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Meng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (X.A.); (K.Y.); (N.M.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62737136
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Yadav V, Wang Z, Wei C, Amo A, Ahmed B, Yang X, Zhang X. Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040312. [PMID: 32340374 PMCID: PMC7238016 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it exhibits refined regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The pathway genes are involved in the production of anti-microbial compounds as well as signaling molecules. The engineering in the metabolic pathway has led to a new plant defense system of which various mechanisms have been proposed including salicylic acid and antimicrobial mediated compounds. In recent years, some key players like phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) from the phenylpropanoid pathway are proposed to have broad spectrum disease resistance (BSR) without yield penalties. Now we have more evidence than ever, yet little understanding about the pathway-based genes that orchestrate rapid, coordinated induction of phenylpropanoid defenses in response to microbial attack. It is not astonishing that mutants of pathway regulator genes can show conflicting results. Therefore, precise engineering of the pathway is an interesting strategy to aim at profitably tailored plants. Here, this review portrays the current progress and challenges for phenylpropanoid pathway-based resistance from the current prospective to provide a deeper understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Aduragbemi Amo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (V.Y.); (Z.W.); (C.W.); (B.A.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-8708-2613
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Li HY, Yue YZ, Ding WJ, Chen GW, Li L, Li YL, Shi TT, Yang XL, Wang LG. Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Profiling Reveals R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Related to Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040353. [PMID: 32224874 PMCID: PMC7230838 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans is widely grown for the purpose of urban greening and the pleasant aroma emitted from its flowers. The floral scent is determined by several monoterpenoid volatiles, such as linalool and its oxides, which are a few of the most common volatiles and the main components of the essential oils in most sweet osmanthus cultivars. In addition, the relative contents of cis- and trans-linalool oxide (furan) may affect the aromas and quality of the essential oils. MYB proteins represent the largest family of transcription factors in plants and participate in regulating secondary metabolites. Several cis-elements, especially AC-rich regions, are known to be bound by 2R-MYBs and could be found in the promoter of the enzyme genes in the terpenoid metabolic pathway. However, there has to date been no investigation into the 2R-MYB family genes involved in regulating terpenoid biosynthesis in O. fragrans. Here, 243 non-redundant 2R-MYB proteins were grouped into 33 clusters based on the phylogeny and exon-intron distribution. These genes were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes. Ka/Ks analysis showed that the major mode of 2R-MYB gene evolution was purifying selection. Expression analysis indicated that 2R-MYB genes in O. fragrans exhibited varied expression patterns. A total of 35 OfMYBs representing the highest per kilobase per million mapped reads in the flower were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The correlation analysis between the expression level and the contents of fragrant compounds at different flowering stages suggested that OfMYB19/20 exhibited remarkably positive correlation with the accumulation of cis-linalool oxides. OfMYB51/65/88/121/137/144 showed significantly negative correlations with one or more linalool oxides. Characterization of these proteins revealed that OfMYB19 and OfMYB137 were localized in the nuclei, but did not show transcriptional activation in the yeast system, which suggested that they may be bound to other transcription factors to exert regulatory functions. These findings provide useful information for further functional investigation of the 2R-MYBs and offer a foundation for clarifying the 2R-MYB transcription factors involved in the molecular mechanism of the regulation of monoterpenoid biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen-Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Gong-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang-Gui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (W.-J.D.); (G.-W.C.); (L.L.); (Y.-L.L.); (T.-T.S.); (X.-L.Y.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-025-8542-7305
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Wang B, Luo Q, Li Y, Yin L, Zhou N, Li X, Gan J, Dong A. Structural insights into target DNA recognition by R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:460-471. [PMID: 31733060 PMCID: PMC7145699 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest group of MYB family transcription factors, R2R3-MYB proteins play essential roles during plant growth and development. However, the structural basis underlying how R2R3-MYBs recognize the target DNA remains elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of Arabidopsis WEREWOLF (WER), an R2R3-MYB protein, in complex with its target DNA. Structural analysis showed that the third α-helices in both the R2 and R3 repeats of WER fit in the major groove of the DNA, specifically recognizing the DNA motif 5'-AACNGC-3'. In combination with mutagenesis, in vitro binding and in vivo luciferase assays, we showed that K55, N106, K109 and N110 are critical for the function of WER. Although L59 of WER is not involved in DNA binding in the structure, ITC analysis suggested that L59 plays an important role in sensing DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine (5mC). Like 5mC, methylation at the sixth position of adenine (6mA) in the AAC element also inhibits the interaction between WER and its target DNA. Our study not only unravels the molecular basis of how WER recognizes its target DNA, but also suggests that 5mC and 6mA modifications may block the interaction between R2R3-MYB transcription factors and their target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liufan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nana Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Aiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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De La Torre AR, Piot A, Liu B, Wilhite B, Weiss M, Porth I. Functional and morphological evolution in gymnosperms: A portrait of implicated gene families. Evol Appl 2020; 13:210-227. [PMID: 31892953 PMCID: PMC6935586 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnosperms diverged from their sister plant clade of flowering plants 300 Mya. Morphological and functional divergence between the two major seed plant clades involved significant changes in their reproductive biology, water-conducting systems, secondary metabolism, stress defense mechanisms, and small RNA-mediated epigenetic silencing. The relatively recent sequencing of several gymnosperm genomes and the development of new genomic resources have enabled whole-genome comparisons within gymnosperms, and between angiosperms and gymnosperms. In this paper, we aim to understand how genes and gene families have contributed to the major functional and morphological differences in gymnosperms, and how this information can be used for applied breeding and biotechnology. In addition, we have analyzed the angiosperm versus gymnosperm evolution of the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) gene family with a wide range of functionalities in plants' interaction with their environment including defense mechanisms. Some of the genes reviewed here are newly studied members of gene families that hold potential for biotechnological applications related to commercial and pharmacological value. Some members of conifer gene families can also be exploited for their potential in phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Piot
- Department of Wood and Forest SciencesLaval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Institute for System and Integrated Biology (IBIS)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Bobin Liu
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
- College of ForestryFujian Agricultural and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | | | - Matthew Weiss
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Ilga Porth
- Department of Wood and Forest SciencesLaval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Institute for System and Integrated Biology (IBIS)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
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Zheng Y, Wang P, Chen X, Sun Y, Yue C, Ye N. Transcriptome and Metabolite Profiling Reveal Novel Insights into Volatile Heterosis in the Tea Plant ( Camellia Sinensis). Molecules 2019; 24:E3380. [PMID: 31533323 PMCID: PMC6767024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea aroma is a key indicator for evaluating tea quality. Although notable success in tea aroma improvement has been achieved with heterosis breeding technology, the molecular basis underlying heterosis remains largely unexplored. Thus, the present report studies the tea plant volatile heterosis using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phenotypically, we found higher terpenoid volatile and green leaf volatile contents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the F1 hybrids than in their parental lines. Volatile heterosis was obvious in both F1 hybrids. At the molecular level, the comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed that approximately 41% (9027 of 21,995) of the genes showed non-additive expression, whereas only 7.83% (1723 of 21,995) showed additive expression. Among the non-additive genes, 42.1% showed high parental dominance and 17.6% showed over-dominance. Among different expression genes with high parental dominance and over-dominance expression patterns, KEGG and GO analyses found that plant hormone signal transduction, tea plant physiological process related pathways and most pathways associated with tea tree volatiles were enriched. In addition, we identified multiple genes (CsDXS, CsAATC2, CsSPLA2, etc.) and transcription factors (CsMYB1, CsbHLH79, CsWRKY40, etc.) that played important roles in tea volatile heterosis. Based on transcriptome and metabolite profiling, we conclude that non-additive action plays a major role in tea volatile heterosis. Genes and transcription factors involved in tea volatiles showing over-dominance expression patterns can be considered candidate genes and provide novel clues for breeding high-volatile tea varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Xuejin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
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Sena JS, Lachance D, Duval I, Nguyen TTA, Stewart D, Mackay J, Séguin A. Functional Analysis of the PgCesA3 White Spruce Cellulose Synthase Gene Promoter in Secondary Xylem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:626. [PMID: 31191566 PMCID: PMC6546725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is an essential structural component of the plant cell wall. Its biosynthesis involves genes encoding cellulose synthase enzymes and a complex transcriptional regulatory network. Three cellulose synthases have been identified in conifers as being potentially involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis because of their preferential expression in xylem tissues; however, no direct functional association has been made to date. In the present work, we characterized the white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] cellulose synthase PgCesA3 gene and 5' regulatory elements. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PgCesA1-3 genes grouped with secondary cell wall-associated Arabidopsis cellulose synthase genes, such as AtCesA8, AtCesA4, and AtCesA7. We produced transgenic spruce expressing the GUS reporter gene driven by the PgCesA3 promoter. We observed blue staining in differentiating xylem cells from stem and roots, and in foliar guard cells indicating that PgCesA3 is clearly involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The promoter region sequence of PgCesA3 contained several putative MYB cis-regulatory elements including AC-I like motifs and secondary wall MYB-responsive element (SMRE); however, it lacked SMRE4, 7 and 8 that correspond to the sequences of AC-I, II, and III. Based on these findings and results of previous transient trans-activation assays that identified interactions between the PgCesA3 promoter and different MYB transcription factors, we performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays with MYB recombinant proteins and cis-regulatory elements present in the PgCesA3 promoter. We found that PgMYB12 bound to a canonical AC-I element identified in the Pinus taeda PAL promoter and two AC-I like elements. We hypothesized that the PgMYB12 could regulate PgCesA3 in roots based on previous expression results. This functional study of PgCesA3 sequences and promoter opens the door for future studies on the interaction between PgMYBs and the PgCesA3 regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Stival Sena
- Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Lachance
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Duval
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Thi Thuy An Nguyen
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Don Stewart
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - John Mackay
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Armand Séguin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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