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Yang Y, Wheatley M, Meakem V, Galarneau E, Gutierrez B, Zhong G. Editing VvDXS1 for the creation of muscat flavour in Vitis vinifera cv. Scarlet Royal. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1610-1621. [PMID: 38243882 PMCID: PMC11123410 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Muscat flavour represents a group of unique aromatic attributes in some grape varieties. Biochemically, grape berries with muscat flavour produce high levels of monoterpenes. Monoterpene biosynthesis is mainly through the DOXP/MEP pathway, and VvDXS1 encodes the first enzyme in this plastidial pathway of terpene biosynthesis in grapevine. A single-point mutation resulting in the substitution of a lysine with an asparagine at position 284 in the VvDXS1 protein has previously been identified as the major cause for producing muscat flavour in grapes. In this study, the same substitution in the VvDXS1 protein was successfully created through prime editing in the table grape Vitis vinifera cv. 'Scarlet Royal'. The targeted point mutation was detected in most of the transgenic vines, with varying editing efficiencies. No unintended mutations were detected in the edited alleles, either by PCR Sanger sequencing or by amplicon sequencing. More than a dozen edited vines were identified with an editing efficiency of more than 50%, indicating that these vines were likely derived from single cells in which one allele was edited. These vines had much higher levels of monoterpenes in their leaves than the control, similar to what was found in leaf samples between field-grown muscat and non-muscat grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Yang
- USDA‐Agricultural Research ServiceGrape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNew YorkUSA
| | - Matthew Wheatley
- USDA‐Agricultural Research ServiceGrape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNew YorkUSA
| | - Victoria Meakem
- USDA‐Agricultural Research ServicePlant Genetic Resources UnitGenevaNew YorkUSA
| | - Erin Galarneau
- USDA‐Agricultural Research ServicePlant Genetic Resources UnitGenevaNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin Gutierrez
- USDA‐Agricultural Research ServicePlant Genetic Resources UnitGenevaNew YorkUSA
| | - Gan‐Yuan Zhong
- USDA‐Agricultural Research ServiceGrape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNew YorkUSA
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2
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Zhou Z, Kanchana-Udomkan C, Ford R, Bar I. Identification and Validation of Key Genes Related to Preferred Flavour Profiles in Australian Commercial Papaya ( Carica papaya L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3046. [PMID: 38474290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial papaya varieties grown in Australia vary greatly in taste and aroma. Previous profiling has identified undesirable 'off tastes' in existing varieties, discouraging a portion of the population from consuming papayas. Our focus on enhancing preferred flavours led to an exploration of the genetic mechanisms and biosynthesis pathways that underlie these desired taste profiles. To identify genes associated with consumer-preferred flavours, we conducted whole RNA sequencing and de novo genome assembly on papaya varieties RB1 (known for its sweet flavour and floral aroma) and 1B (less favoured due to its bitter taste and musty aroma) at both ripe and unripe stages. In total, 180,368 transcripts were generated, and 118 transcripts related to flavours were differentially expressed between the two varieties at the ripe stage. Five genes (cpBGH3B, cpPFP, cpSUS, cpGES and cpLIS) were validated through qPCR and significantly differentially expressed. These genes are suggested to play key roles in sucrose metabolism and aromatic compound production pathways, holding promise for future selective breeding strategies. Further exploration will involve assessing their potential across broader germplasm and various growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhou
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chutchamas Kanchana-Udomkan
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ido Bar
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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3
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhong GY, Li S, Dai Z, Liang Z, Fan P. Basic leucine zipper gene VvbZIP61 is expressed at a quantitative trait locus for high monoterpene content in grape berries. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad151. [PMID: 37701455 PMCID: PMC10493639 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The widely appreciated muscat flavor of grapes and wine is mainly attributable to the monoterpenes that accumulate in ripe grape berries. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grape berry monoterpene content, an F1 mapping population was constructed by a cross between two grapevine genotypes, one with neutral aroma berries (cv. 'Beifeng') and the other with a pronounced muscat aroma (elite Vitis vinifera line '3-34'). A high-density genetic linkage map spanning 1563.7 cM was constructed using 3332 SNP markers that were assigned to 19 linkage groups. Monoterpenes were extracted from the berry of the F1 progeny, then identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twelve stable QTLs associated with the amounts of 11 monoterpenes in berries were thus identified. In parallel, the levels of RNA in berries from 34 diverse cultivars were estimated by RNA sequencing and compared to the monoterpene content of the berries. The expression of five genes mapping to stable QTLs correlated well with the monoterpene content of berries. These genes, including the basic leucine zipper VvbZIP61 gene on chromosome 12, are therefore considered as potentially being involved in monoterpene metabolism. Overexpression of VvbZIP61 in Vitis amurensis callus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation significantly increased the accumulation of several monoterpenes in the callus, including nerol, linalool, geranial, geraniol, β-myrcene, and D-limonene. It is hypothesized that VvbZIP61 expression acts to increase muscat flavor in grapes. These results advance our understanding of the genetic control of monoterpene biosynthesis in grapes and provide important information for the marker-assisted selection of aroma compounds in grape breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuixia Liu
- Centre for Special Economic Plant Studies, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Gan-yuan Zhong
- Grape Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Geneva 14456, USA
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bosman RN, Vervalle JAM, November DL, Burger P, Lashbrooke JG. Grapevine genome analysis demonstrates the role of gene copy number variation in the formation of monoterpenes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112214. [PMID: 37008487 PMCID: PMC10061021 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds such as terpenes influence the quality parameters of grapevine through their contribution to the flavour and aroma profile of berries. Biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds in grapevine is relatively complex and controlled by multiple genes, the majority of which are unknown or uncharacterised. To identify the genomic regions that associate with modulation of these compounds in grapevine berries, volatile metabolic data generated via GC-MS from a grapevine mapping population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Several significant QTLs were associated with terpenes, and candidate genes were proposed for sesquiterpene and monoterpene biosynthesis. For monoterpenes, loci on chromosomes 12 and 13 were shown to be associated with geraniol and cyclic monoterpene accumulation, respectively. The locus on chromosome 12 was shown to contain a geraniol synthase gene (VvGer), while the locus on chromosome 13 contained an α-terpineol synthase gene (VvTer). Molecular and genomic investigation of VvGer and VvTer revealed that these genes were found in tandemly duplicated clusters, displaying high levels of hemizygosity. Gene copy number analysis further showed that not only did VvTer and VvGer copy numbers vary within the mapping population, but also across recently sequenced Vitis cultivars. Significantly, VvTer copy number correlated with both VvTer gene expression and cyclic monoterpene accumulation in the mapping population. A hypothesis for a hyper-functional VvTer allele linked to increased gene copy number in the mapping population is presented and can potentially lead to selection of cultivars with modulated terpene profiles. The study highlights the impact of VvTPS gene duplication and copy number variation on terpene accumulation in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nicole Bosman
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Danielle Lisa November
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Phyllis Burger
- Department for Crop Development, Agricultural Research Council - Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Justin Graham Lashbrooke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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5
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Sun Q, He L, Sun L, Xu HY, Fu YQ, Sun ZY, Zhu BQ, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Identification of SNP loci and candidate genes genetically controlling norisoprenoids in grape berry based on genome-wide association study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142139. [PMID: 36938056 PMCID: PMC10014734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining new grapevine varieties with unique aromas has been a long-standing goal of breeders. Norisoprenoids are of particular interest to wine producers and researchers, as these compounds are responsible for the important varietal aromas in wine, characterized by a complex floral and fruity smell, and are likely present in all grape varieties. However, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and candidate genes genetically controlling the norisoprenoid content in grape berry remain unknown. To this end, in this study, we investigated 13 norisoprenoid traits across two years in an F1 population consisting of 149 individuals from a hybrid of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Muscat Alexandria and V. vinifera L. cv. Christmas Rose. Based on 568,953 SNP markers, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 27 candidate SNP loci belonging to 18 genes were significantly associated with the concentrations of norisoprenoid components in grape berry. Among them, 13 SNPs were confirmed in a grapevine germplasm population comprising 97 varieties, including two non-synonymous mutations SNPs within the VvDXS1 and VvGGPPS genes, respectively in the isoprenoid metabolic pathway. Genotype analysis showed that the grapevine individuals with the heterozygous genotype C/T at chr5:2987350 of VvGGPPS accumulated higher average levels of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and β-cyclocitral than those with the homozygous genotype C/C. Furthermore, VvGGPPS was highly expressed in individuals with high norisoprenoids concentrations. Transient overexpression of VvGGPPS in the leaves of Vitis quinquangularis and tobacco resulted in an increase in norisoprenoid concentrations. These findings indicate the importance of VvGGPPS in the genetic control of norisoprenoids in grape berries, serving as a potential molecular breeding target for aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Xu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Qun Fu
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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6
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Bosman RN, Lashbrooke JG. Grapevine mono- and sesquiterpenes: Genetics, metabolism, and ecophysiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111392. [PMID: 36818850 PMCID: PMC9936147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and sesquiterpenes are volatile organic compounds which play crucial roles in human perception of table grape and wine flavour and aroma, and as such their biosynthesis has received significant attention. Here, the biosynthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in grapevine is reviewed, with a specific focus on the metabolic pathways which lead to formation of these compounds, and the characterised genetic variation underlying modulation of this metabolism. The bottlenecks for terpene precursor formation in the cytosol and plastid are understood to be the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xylylose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) enzymes, respectively, and lead to the formation of prenyldiphosphate precursors. The functional plasticity of the terpene synthase enzymes which act on the prenyldiphosphate precursors allows for the massive variation in observed terpene product accumulation. This diversity is further enhanced in grapevine by significant duplication of genes coding for structurally diverse terpene synthases. Relatively minor nucleotide variations are sufficient to influence both product and substrate specificity of terpene synthase genes, with these variations impacting cultivar-specific aroma profiles. While the importance of these compounds in terms of grape quality is well documented, they also play several interesting roles in the grapevine's ecophysiological interaction with its environment. Mono- and sesquiterpenes are involved in attraction of pollinators, agents of seed dispersal and herbivores, defence against fungal infection, promotion of mutualistic rhizobacteria interaction, and are elevated in conditions of high light radiation. The ever-increasing grapevine genome sequence data will potentially allow for future breeders and biotechnologists to tailor the aroma profiles of novel grapevine cultivars through exploitation of the significant genetic variation observed in terpene synthase genes.
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Tello J, Ibáñez J. Review: Status and prospects of association mapping in grapevine. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111539. [PMID: 36410567 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to current advances in sequencing technologies, novel bioinformatics tools, and efficient modeling solutions, association mapping has become a widely accepted approach to unravel the link between genotype and phenotype diversity in numerous crops. In grapevine, this strategy has been used in the last decades to understand the genetic basis of traits of agronomic interest (fruit quality, crop yield, biotic and abiotic resistance), of special relevance nowadays to improve crop resilience to cope with future climate scenarios. Genome-wide association studies have identified many putative causative loci for different traits, some of them overlapping well-known causal genes identified by conventional quantitative trait loci studies in biparental progenies, and/or validated by functional approaches. In addition, candidate-gene association studies have been useful to pinpoint the causal mutation underlying phenotypic variation for several traits of high interest in breeding programs (like berry color, seedlessness, and muscat flavor), information that has been used to develop highly informative and useful markers already in use in marker-assisted selection processes. Thus, association mapping has proved to represent a valuable step towards high quality and sustainable grape production. This review summarizes current applications of association mapping in grapevine research and discusses future prospects in view of current viticulture challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tello
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño 26007, Spain.
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, UR, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño 26007, Spain
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Zhou X, Liu S, Gao W, Hu B, Zhu B, Sun L. Monoterpenoids Evolution and MEP Pathway Gene Expression Profiles in Seven Table Grape Varieties. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162143. [PMID: 36015445 PMCID: PMC9413098 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the evolution of both monoterpenoids and expression profiles of related biosynthesis genes in the MEP pathway in seven different table grape varieties from veraison to maturity stage in two seasons, and the correlation was further evaluated between monoterpenoid accumulation and expression of these genes studied in these varieties. Results showed that linalool, trans-furan linalool oxide, geraniol, and cis-furan linalool oxide were the main compounds in the five Muscat varieties two seasons. ‘Zaomeiguixiang’ had the highest contents of geraniol and β-Citronellol. ‘Xiangfei’ had the most abundant of linalool and cis-furan linalool oxide, whereas the neutral varieties of ‘Moldova’ and ‘Christmas Rose’ had the least amount. Monoterpenoid volatiles have been grouped in three evolutionary patterns in the berry development of these varieties. ‘Zaomeiguixiang’ and ‘Xiangfei’ had distinct different pattern of terpenoids evolution profiles. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that in the MEP pathway, the first biosynthesis gene VvDXS3 was significantly correlated to the accumulation of monoterpenoids, and appeared to be an important candidate gene for synthesis of the monoterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wengping Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Binfang Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.S.)
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Liu S, Shan B, Zhou X, Gao W, Liu Y, Zhu B, Sun L. Transcriptome and Metabolomics Integrated Analysis Reveals Terpene Synthesis Genes Controlling Linalool Synthesis in Grape Berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9084-9094. [PMID: 35820041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four hybrids from the cross between "Italia" and "Tamina" grapes were chosen to investigate their distinct monoterpenoids patterns and candidate genes involved. Monoterpenoid profiles and transcriptome data were generated at four berry developmental stages. Trans-rose oxide, cis-rose oxide, citronellol, neral, nerol, nerol oxide, geraniol, geranial, geranic acid, and cis-isogeraniol were the dominant compounds in R250 hybrid, while linalool, hotrienol, linalool oxide pyranoside, and cis-furan linalool oxide were the main compounds in R77 hybrid. Six TPS-g subfamily genes were found related with the contents of linalool and its related monoterpenoids by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and phylogenetic analysis. Among them, TPS59 was cloned and functionally verified by transient overexpression in the leaves of Vitis quinquangularis. Meanwhile, NAC (newGene_195), C2C2-GATA (VIT_15s0021g02510), and bHLH (VIT_14s0128g00110) were selected as candidate transcription factors (TFs) that could regulate the expression of the six TPS-b genes. These data enhanced our understanding on the regulation of monoterpenoid biosynthesis in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bingqi Shan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaomiao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenping Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaran Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
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10
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Einhaus A, Steube J, Freudenberg RA, Barczyk J, Baier T, Kruse O. Engineering a powerful green cell factory for robust photoautotrophic diterpenoid production. Metab Eng 2022; 73:82-90. [PMID: 35717002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenoids display a large and structurally diverse class of natural compounds mainly found as specialized plant metabolites. Due to their diverse biological functions they represent an essential source for various industrially relevant applications as biopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and fragrances. However, commercial production utilizing their native hosts is inhibited by low abundances, limited cultivability, and challenging extraction, while the precise stereochemistry displays a particular challenge for chemical synthesis. Due to a high carbon flux through their native 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway towards photosynthetically active pigments, green microalgae hold great potential as efficient and sustainable heterologous chassis for sustainable biosynthesis of plant-derived diterpenoids. In this study, innovative synthetic biology and efficient metabolic engineering strategies were systematically combined to re-direct the metabolic flux through the MEP pathway for efficient heterologous diterpenoid synthesis in C. reinhardtii. Engineering of the 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) as the main rate-limiting enzyme of the MEP pathway and overexpression of diterpene synthase fusion proteins increased the production of high-value diterpenoids. Applying fully photoautotrophic high cell density cultivations demonstrate potent and sustainable production of the high-value diterpenoid sclareol up to 656 mg L-1 with a maximal productivity of 78 mg L-1 day-1 in a 2.5 L scale photobioreactor, which is comparable to sclareol titers reached by highly engineered yeast. Consequently, this work represents a breakthrough in establishing a powerful phototrophic green cell factory for the competetive use in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Einhaus
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jasmin Steube
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Ansgar Freudenberg
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jonas Barczyk
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Effects of Girdling and Foliar Fertilization with K on Physicochemical Parameters, Phenolic and Volatile Composition in ‘Hanxiangmi’ Table Grape. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Aroma is one of the most important indicators of grape quality. Girdling and foliar fertilization with K (K2O) are common agronomic practices applied to improve berry quality in grape production. However, little is known about its effect on the accumulation and biosynthesis of the entire aromatic profile. Our study was aimed to explore the influences of girdling and foliar fertilization with K (alone or in combination) on the general properties, phenolic composition, volatile free aroma compounds, spatial and temporal expression of terpene-related genes and sensory properties in ‘Hanxiangmi’ table grape. In this study, we found that girdling and foliar fertilization with K (alone or in combination) facilitated fruit enlargement and increased the accumulation of phenolic compounds in skin. The combination treatment of girdling and foliar fertilization with K significantly promoted the concentrations of total soluble solids (TSS) in the pulp and proanthocyanidins in the berry skin, and had a lower titratable acidity (TA) compared to those of the control. In contrast, girdling treatment alone increased the concentrations of titratable acidity. Volatile free aroma composition analysis revealed that the combination treatment increased the volatile compounds and concentrations significantly, most notably in terpenes, such as nerol, citronellol and linalool. Spatial and temporal expression analysis showed that the expression level of VvDXS was significantly correlated with linalool and total terpenes concentrations, as a result of which, we speculated that VvDXS is the candidate gene for the regulation of important grape terpenes. We hope that our results can direct farmers to better apply girdling and foliar fertilization with K in grape production.
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Szpicer A, Onopiuk A, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Półtorak A. Red grape skin extract and oat β-glucan in shortbread cookies: technological and nutritional evaluation. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractConsumers are increasingly interested in innovative products enriched with nutrients that counteract the development of civilisation-associated diseases. Thus, the development of new functional nutrient-enriched food products that meet consumer needs is therefore necessary. The aims of this study were to develop a novel shortbread cookie product by addition of red grape skin extract and oat β-glucan and to evaluate the influence of these modifications on physico‐chemical properties and consumer’s acceptance. The red grape skin extract used in this product is a source of polyphenols which are beneficial for human health and extend product shelf life. β-glucan is a soluble fraction of dietary fibre that helps to lower reduce blood cholesterol and glycemic levels. The influence of grape skin extract, β-glucan and a combination of both on the β-glucan content, colour and texture parameters, thermal properties, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of shortbread cookies was analysed. Product with modified formulations had higher total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and were was more thermally stable than control samples. The obtained innovative functional products were characterized by an increased content of oat β-glucan, which is desirable from a nutritional point of view. The DSC measurements showed higher oxidative stability of cookies enriched with β-glucan and red grape skin extract. The additives caused significant changes in the colour and profile of volatile compounds of the finished final product but did not affect the sensory acceptance among consumers. The use of these additives represents a development in food technology that may be valuable in the food industry to increase the nutritional value and extend the shelf shelf-life of bakery products.
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Campayo A, Savoi S, Romieu C, López-Jiménez AJ, Serrano de la Hoz K, Salinas MR, Torregrosa L, Alonso GL. The application of ozonated water rearranges the Vitis vinifera L. leaf and berry transcriptomes eliciting defence and antioxidant responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8114. [PMID: 33854120 PMCID: PMC8046768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozonated water has become an innovative, environmentally friendly tool for controlling the development of fungal diseases in the vineyard or during grape postharvest conservation. However, little information is currently available on the effects of ozonated water sprayings on the grapevine physiology and metabolism. Using the microvine model, we studied the transcriptomic response of leaf and fruit organs to this treatment. The response to ozone was observed to be organ and developmental stage-dependent, with a decrease of the number of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in the fruit from the onset of ripening to later stages. The most highly up-regulated gene families were heat-shock proteins and chaperones. Other up-regulated genes were involved in oxidative stress homeostasis such as those of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glutathione S-transferases. In contrast, genes related to cell wall development and secondary metabolites (carotenoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids / flavonoids) were generally down-regulated after ozone treatment, mainly in the early stage of fruit ripening. This down-regulation may indicate a possible carbon competition favouring the re-establishment and maintenance of the redox homeostasis rather than the synthesis of secondary metabolites at the beginning of ripening, the most ozone responsive developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Campayo
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
- BetterRID (Better Research, Innovation and Development, S.L.), Carretera de Las Peñas (CM-3203), Km 3.2, Campo de Prácticas-UCLM, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Stefania Savoi
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier University, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Romieu
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier University, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Kortes Serrano de la Hoz
- BetterRID (Better Research, Innovation and Development, S.L.), Carretera de Las Peñas (CM-3203), Km 3.2, Campo de Prácticas-UCLM, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Rosario Salinas
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier University, 34060, Montpellier, France.
| | - Gonzalo L Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
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14
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Gomès É, Maillot P, Duchêne É. Molecular Tools for Adapting Viticulture to Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633846. [PMID: 33643361 PMCID: PMC7902699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of viticulture to climate change includes exploration of new geographical areas, new training systems, new management practices, or new varieties, both for rootstocks and scions. Molecular tools can be defined as molecular approaches used to study DNAs, RNAs, and proteins in all living organisms. We present here the current knowledge about molecular tools and their potential usefulness in three aspects of grapevine adaptation to the ongoing climate change. (i) Molecular tools for understanding grapevine response to environmental stresses. A fine description of the regulation of gene expression is a powerful tool to understand the physiological mechanisms set up by the grapevine to respond to abiotic stress such as high temperatures or drought. The current knowledge on gene expression is continuously evolving with increasing evidence of the role of alternative splicing, small RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, or chromatin activity. (ii) Genetics and genomics of grapevine stress tolerance. The description of the grapevine genome is more and more precise. The genetic variations among genotypes are now revealed with new technologies with the sequencing of very long DNA molecules. High throughput technologies for DNA sequencing also allow now the genetic characterization at the same time of hundreds of genotypes for thousands of points in the genome, which provides unprecedented datasets for genotype-phenotype associations studies. We review the current knowledge on the genetic determinism of traits for the adaptation to climate change. We focus on quantitative trait loci and molecular markers available for developmental stages, tolerance to water stress/water use efficiency, sugar content, acidity, and secondary metabolism of the berries. (iii) Controlling the genome and its expression to allow breeding of better-adapted genotypes. High-density DNA genotyping can be used to select genotypes with specific interesting alleles but genomic selection is also a powerful method able to take into account the genetic information along the whole genome to predict a phenotype. Modern technologies are also able to generate mutations that are possibly interesting for generating new phenotypes but the most promising one is the direct editing of the genome at a precise location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Gomès
- EGFV, University of Bordeaux – Bordeaux Sciences-Agro – INRAE, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pascale Maillot
- SVQV, INRAE – University of Strasbourg, Colmar, France
- University of Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Éric Duchêne
- SVQV, INRAE – University of Strasbourg, Colmar, France
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15
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Wang W, Feng J, Wei L, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Yang L, Zheng H, Tao J. Transcriptomics Integrated with Free and Bound Terpenoid Aroma Profiling during "Shine Muscat" ( Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) Grape Berry Development Reveals Coordinate Regulation of MEP Pathway and Terpene Synthase Gene Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1413-1429. [PMID: 33481572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives are important biomarkers of grape quality as they contribute to the flavor and aroma of grapes. However, the molecular basis of terpene biosynthesis throughout the grapevine phenological developmental cycle remains elusive. Our current study investigates the free and bound terpene biosynthesis of berries at different phenological stages from preveraison to harvest. Detailed gene expression (transcriptomics) analysis, terpenoid volatile production by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and in planta transient expression were employed. Our results show that concentrations of most individual terpenes at different stages are distinctive and increase from preveraison to the veraison stage followed by a decrease from veraison to maturity. The combined transcriptomic analysis and terpene profiling revealed that 22 genes belonging to the MEP pathway and multiple classes of transcription factor family members including bHLH and several hormone biosynthesis- or signaling-related genes likely participate in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis according to their specific expression patterns in berries. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain expression analysis of 8 key differentially expressed genes in MEP pathways and further 12 randomly selected genes was performed during 8 sampling stages and validated the RNA-seq-derived expression profiles. To further confirm the function of a subset of the differentially expressed genes, we investigated the effects of combined overexpression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (VvDXS1-LOC100249323), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (VvDXR-LOC100248516), and terpene synthase (VvTPS56-LOC100266449) on the production of terpenes by transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The overall developmental patterns of total terpenes and gene expression profiles will help guide the functional analyses of further candidate genes important for terpene biosynthesis of grape as well as identifying the master transcriptional and hormonal regulators of this pathway in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | | | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lina Yang
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 26506-6201 Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Huan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
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16
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Zheng W, Martínez de Toda F. Current viticultural techniques to mitigate the effects of global warming on grape and wine quality: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Rienth M, Vigneron N, Darriet P, Sweetman C, Burbidge C, Bonghi C, Walker RP, Famiani F, Castellarin SD. Grape Berry Secondary Metabolites and Their Modulation by Abiotic Factors in a Climate Change Scenario-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643258. [PMID: 33828576 PMCID: PMC8020818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature, water, solar radiation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration are the main abiotic factors that are changing in the course of global warming. These abiotic factors govern the synthesis and degradation of primary (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, etc.) and secondary (phenolic and volatile flavor compounds and their precursors) metabolites directly, via the regulation of their biosynthetic pathways, or indirectly, via their effects on vine physiology and phenology. Several hundred secondary metabolites have been identified in the grape berry. Their biosynthesis and degradation have been characterized and have been shown to occur during different developmental stages of the berry. The understanding of how the different abiotic factors modulate secondary metabolism and thus berry quality is of crucial importance for breeders and growers to develop plant material and viticultural practices to maintain high-quality fruit and wine production in the context of global warming. Here, we review the main secondary metabolites of the grape berry, their biosynthesis, and how their accumulation and degradation is influenced by abiotic factors. The first part of the review provides an update on structure, biosynthesis, and degradation of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) and major aroma compounds (terpenes, thiols, methoxypyrazines, and C13 norisoprenoids). The second part gives an update on the influence of abiotic factors, such as water availability, temperature, radiation, and CO2 concentration, on berry secondary metabolism. At the end of the paper, we raise some critical questions regarding intracluster berry heterogeneity and dilution effects and how the sampling strategy can impact the outcome of studies on the grapevine berry response to abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Markus Rienth
| | - Nicolas Vigneron
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Unité de recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Crista Burbidge
- Agriculture and Food (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Robert Peter Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Mathur R, Sharma L, Dhabhai B, Menon AM, Sharma A, Sharma NK, Dakal TC. Predicting the functional consequences of genetic variants in co-stimulatory ligand B7-1 using in-silico approaches. Hum Immunol 2020; 82:103-120. [PMID: 33358455 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify and characterize deleterious genetic variants in the co-stimulatory ligand B7-1, also known as the human cluster of differentiation CD80 marker. The B7-1 ligand and the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules are the main determinants that provide B-cells the required competency to act as antigen presenting cells. For this, participation of both MHC class II molecules and CD80 is required. The interaction of the CD80 ligand with CD28 on the surface 7 of TH cells plays a key role in the activation of TH cells and progression of B cells through the S phase, hence, leading to their proliferation in mitosis. A set of 2313 genetic variants in the B7-1 ligand have been mapped and retrieved from dbSNP database. Subsequently, 150 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were mapped and subjected to the sequence and structural homology based predictions, which were further analyzed for protein stability and the disease phenotypes. Finally, we identified 7 potentially damaging nsSNPs in the B7-1 ligand that may affect its interaction with the cognitive receptor CD28, hence, may also interfere with TH cell activation and B cell proliferation. We propose that subsequent experimental analyses (stability, expression and interactions) on these proteins can provide a deep understanding about the effect of these variants on the structure and function of CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mathur
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Loveena Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhanupriya Dhabhai
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Athira M Menon
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Raj., India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India; Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India.
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Comprehensive 2D Gas Chromatography with TOF-MS Detection Confirms the Matchless Discriminatory Power of Monoterpenes and Provides In-Depth Volatile Profile Information for Highly Efficient White Wine Varietal Differentiation. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121787. [PMID: 33276447 PMCID: PMC7759857 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To differentiate white wines from Croatian indigenous varieties, volatile aroma compounds were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) and conventional one-dimensional GC-MS. The data obtained were subjected to uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. The extra separation ability of the GC×GC second dimension provided additional in-depth volatile profile information, with more than 1000 compounds detected, while 350 were identified or tentatively identified in total by both techniques, which allowed highly efficient differentiation. A hundred and sixty one compounds in total were significantly different across monovarietal wines. Monoterpenic compounds, especially α-terpineol, followed by limonene and linalool, emerged as the most powerful differentiators, although particular compounds from other chemical classes were also shown to have notable discriminating ability. In general, Škrlet wine was the most abundant in monoterpenes, Malvazija istarska was dominant in terms of fermentation esters concentration, Pošip contained the highest levels of particular C13-norisoprenoids, benzenoids, acetates, and sulfur containing compounds, Kraljevina was characterized by the highest concentration of a tentatively identified terpene γ-dehydro-ar-himachalene, while Maraština wine did not have specific unambiguous markers. The presented approach could be practically applied to improve defining, understanding, managing, and marketing varietal typicity of monovarietal wines.
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20
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Wang Y, Li HQ, Gao XT, Lu HC, Peng WT, Chen W, Li SD, Li SP, Duan CQ, Wang J. Influence of attenuated reflected solar radiation from the vineyard floor on volatile compounds in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines of the north foot of Mt. Tianshan. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109688. [PMID: 33233263 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fruit-zone microclimate was modified by three treatments, including inter-row mulch (M), the combination of leaf removal applied at the onset of veraison and inter-row mulch (MLR-BV), and the combination of leaf removal applied at complete veraison and inter-row mulch (MLR-EV), in a semi-arid climate in three consecutive years (2015-2017). M decreased fruit-zone reflected solar radiation from vineyard floor and low temperature (10-20 °C) duration, whereas it increased soil temperature and high temperature (> 30 °C) duration. MLR-BV and MLR-EV increased fruit-zone incident photosynthetically active radiation while decreased the duration of 20-25 °C compared to M. Notably, M significantly decreased grape total norisoprenoid concentrations in 2015-2017, and total terpenoid concentrations in 2015-2016. Applying leaf removal applied at the onset of veraison could compensate the decreases of total norisoprenoids and terpenoids caused by M when two treatments were applied together. Besides, M significantly increased grape total C6/C9 compound concentrations, besides, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol concentrations were significantly higher in grapes of M than those of MLR-BV in 2015-2017. Light exposure and high temperature duration after veraison had strong positive correlations with total norisoprenoids and terpenoids, besides, low temperature duration was positively correlated with total norisoprenoids. In addition, light exposure after veraison had strong negative correlations with total C6/C9 compounds. With respect to the volatile compounds in wines, M significantly decreased the concentrations of isopentanol and ethyl acetate, and the concentrations of ethyl cinnamate, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol and 3-methylthio-1-propanol were significantly lower in MLR-BV and MLR-EV than in M. The outcome of this study can assist winegrowers to properly adjust vineyard managements to optimize the concentrations of desired volatile compounds in grapes and wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui-Qing Li
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Gao
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Lu
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen-Ting Peng
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wu Chen
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Manas 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu-De Li
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Manas 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sui-Ping Li
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Manas 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
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21
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Wang H, Yan A, Sun L, Zhang G, Wang X, Ren J, Xu H. Novel stable QTLs identification for berry quality traits based on high-density genetic linkage map construction in table grape. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:411. [PMID: 32883214 PMCID: PMC7470616 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aroma, berry firmness and berry shape are three main quality traits in table grape production, and also the important target traits in grapevine breeding. However, the information about their genetic mechanisms is limited, which results in low accuracy and efficiency of quality breeding in grapevine. Mapping and isolation of quantitative trait locus (QTLs) based on the construction of genetic linkage map is a powerful approach to decipher the genetic determinants of complex quantitative traits. RESULTS In the present work, a final integrated map consisting of 3411 SLAF markers on 19 linkage groups (LGs) with an average distance of 0.98 cM between adjacent markers was generated using the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique. A total of 9 significant stable QTLs for Muscat flavor, berry firmness and berry shape were identified on two linkage groups among the hybrids analyzed over three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. Notably, new stable QTLs for berry firmness and berry shape were found on LG 8 respectively for the first time. Based on biological function and expression profiles of candidate genes in the major QTL regions, 3 genes (VIT_08s0007g00440, VIT_08s0040g02740 and VIT_08s0040g02350) related to berry firmness and 3 genes (VIT_08s0032g01110, VIT_08s0032g01150 and VIT_08s0105g00200) linked to berry shape were highlighted. Overexpression of VIT_08s0032g01110 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants caused the change of pod shape. CONCLUSIONS A new high-density genetic map with total 3411 markers was constructed with SLAF-seq technique, and thus enabled the detection of narrow interval QTLs for relevant traits in grapevine. VIT_08s0007g00440, VIT_08s0040g02740 and VIT_08s0040g02350 were found to be related to berry firmness, while VIT_08s0032g01110, VIT_08s0032g01150 and VIT_08s0105g00200 were linked to berry shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Yan
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jiancheng Ren
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haiying Xu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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22
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Wang W, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Wei LL, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Zheng H, Tao JM. Effect of Thidiazuron on Terpene Volatile Constituents and Terpenoid Biosynthesis Pathway Gene Expression of Shine Muscat ( Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) Grape Berries. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112578. [PMID: 32498235 PMCID: PMC7321343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile compounds are considered to be essential for the flavor and aroma quality of grapes. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a commonly used growth regulator in grape cultivation that stimulates larger berries and prevents fruit drop. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of TDZ on the production of aroma volatiles and to identify the key genes involved in the terpene biosynthesis pathways that are affected by this compound. Treatment with TDZ had a negative effect on the concentration of volatile compounds, especially on monoterpenes, which likely impacts the sensory characteristics of the fruit. The expression analysis of genes related to the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways confirmed that treatment with TDZ negatively regulated the key genes DXS1, DXS3, DXR, HDR, VvPNGer and VvPNlinNer1. Specifically, the expression levels of the aforementioned genes were down-regulated in almost all berry development stages in the TDZ-treated samples. The novel results from the present study can be used to aid in the development of food products which maintain the flavor quality and sensory characteristics of grape. Furthermore, these findings can provide the theoretical basis that can help to optimize the utilization of TDZ for the field production of grapes at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.W.); (M.K.-U.-R.); (L.-L.W.)
| | - Muhammad Khalil-Ur-Rehman
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.W.); (M.K.-U.-R.); (L.-L.W.)
| | - Ling-Ling Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.W.); (M.K.-U.-R.); (L.-L.W.)
| | - Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd. (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Huan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.W.); (M.K.-U.-R.); (L.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.-M.T.); Tel.: +86-150-7784-8993 (H.Z.); +86-139-0516-0976 (J.-M.T.)
| | - Jian-Min Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (W.W.); (M.K.-U.-R.); (L.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.-M.T.); Tel.: +86-150-7784-8993 (H.Z.); +86-139-0516-0976 (J.-M.T.)
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23
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Mele MA, Kang HM, Lee YT, Islam MZ. Grape terpenoids: flavor importance, genetic regulation, and future potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1429-1447. [PMID: 32401037 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1760203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes significantly affect the flavor and quality of grapes and wine. This review summarizes recent research on terpenoids with regard to grape wine. Although, the grapevine terpene synthase gene family is the largest identified, genetic modifications involving terpenes to improve wine flavor have received little attention. Key enzyme modulation alters metabolite production. Over the last decade, the heterologous manipulation of grape glycosidase has been used to alter terpenoids, and cytochrome P450s may affect terpene synthesis. Metabolic and genetic engineering can further modify terpenoid metabolism, while using transgenic grapevines (trait transfer to the plant) could yield more flavorful wine. We also discuss traits involved in wine aroma quality, and the strategies that can be used to improve grapevine breeding technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Akter Mele
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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24
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Xi X, Zha Q, He Y, Tian Y, Jiang A. Influence of cluster thinning and girdling on aroma composition in 'Jumeigui' table grape. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6877. [PMID: 32327696 PMCID: PMC7181712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster thinning and girdling are common and simple practices applied to improve berry quality in table grape cultivation. However, there is limited information about the accumulation and biosynthesis of the entire aromatic profile under cluster thinning and girdling, notably in table grapes. This research investigated the influences of cluster thinning and girdling (alone or in combination) on aroma profiles, particularly the changes in biosynthesis and accumulation of Muscat-flavored related compounds from véraison to harvest in 'Jumeigui' grape. Cluster thinning and girdling (alone or in combination) significantly increased the concentrations of total soluble solids (TSS) and key aromatic compounds at harvest, with higher concentrations of both under cluster thinning than girdling. Berry weight and titratable acidity (TA) were unaffected by cluster thinning, girdling, or in combination at harvest. Linalool, the most abundant and active odorant related to Muscat flavor, accumulated in 28.6% and 20.2% higher concentrations from cluster thinning than control and girdling at maturity, respectively. Furthermore, higher DXS3 transcript abundance in cluster thinning groups might contribute to the increased accumulation of terpenes and linalool in 'Jumeigui' grape. The results will contribute to further understand the mechanism of source/sink ratio modulation on aroma accumulation and better apply cluster thinning and girdling for grape production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Xi
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Qian Zha
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yani He
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yihua Tian
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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25
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Volatile Aroma Compounds of Brandy 'Lozovača' Produced from Muscat Table Grapevine Cultivars ( Vitis vinifera L.). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132485. [PMID: 31284600 PMCID: PMC6650811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape brandy, known as ‘Lozovača’, is one of the most produced alcoholic beverages in the Republic of Serbia. Muscat cultivars are highly priced in grape brandy manufacturing. Among the numerous factors, cultivar-specific characteristics have a significant influence on its quality and aroma profile. Pectolytic enzymes play a part in increasing intensity of the prefermentative aroma by hydrolysis of terpenic glycosides, from which the compounds that contribute to the aroma of brandy are released. In this study, grape brandy samples were produced from five Muscat table grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) namely, Early Muscat, Radmilovac Muscat, Banat Muscat, Italia Muscat, and Muscat Hamburg, with the addition of pectolytic enzyme in two different concentrations or without it (control). A total of 58 volatile aroma compounds were detected by means of combined gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method. Ethyl esters of C8–C18 fatty acids (21) and terpene (16) compounds were considerably more abundant in all grape brandy samples compared to the other volatile compounds identified. Pectolytic enzyme, positively affected terpenes content in the brandy of all studied cultivars. The similarities between brandy samples produced from Muscat Hamburg (MH) and other Muscat cultivars may be attributed to the parentage of MH to those cultivars.
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26
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Lin J, Massonnet M, Cantu D. The genetic basis of grape and wine aroma. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:81. [PMID: 31645942 PMCID: PMC6804543 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The grape is one of the oldest and most important horticultural crops. Grape and wine aroma has long been of cultural and scientific interest. The diverse compound classes comprising aroma result from multiple biosynthetic pathways. Only fairly recently have researchers begun to elucidate the genetic mechanisms behind the biosynthesis and metabolism of grape volatile compounds. This review summarizes current findings regarding the genetic bases of grape and wine aroma with an aim towards highlighting areas in need of further study. From the literature, we compiled a list of functionally characterized genes involved in berry aroma biosynthesis and present them with their corresponding annotation in the grape reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Lin
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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27
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Sun L, Zhu B, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yan A, Wang H, Wang X, Xu H. Transcriptome profiles of three Muscat table grape cultivars to dissect the mechanism of terpene biosynthesis. Sci Data 2019; 6:89. [PMID: 31197176 PMCID: PMC6565711 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera is widely grown worldwide for making wine and for use as table grapes. Of the existing cultivars, some have a floral and fruity flavour, referred to as a Muscat flavour. It is well-documented that this flavour originates from a series of terpene compounds, but the mechanism of terpene content differences among the Muscat-type cultivars remains unclear. Transcript and terpene metabolite profiles were integrated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. In this research, three genotypes with different aromatic strengths were investigated by RNA sequencing. A total of 27 fruit samples from three biological replicates were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq2000 at three stages, corresponding to the veraison; berries had intermediate Brix value and were harvest-ripe. After quality assessment and data clearance, a total of 254.18 Gb of data with more than 97% Q20 bases were obtained, approximately 9.41 Gb data were generated per sample. These results will provide a valuable dataset for the discovery of the mechanism of terpene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuanyin Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ailing Yan
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haiying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100093, China.
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28
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Tian JP, Ma ZY, Zhao KG, Zhang J, Xiang L, Chen LQ. Transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to explore the differences in monoterpene and benzenoid biosynthesis between scented and unscented genotypes of wintersweet. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:478-493. [PMID: 30216458 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox L.) is an important ornamental plant in China with a pleasant floral scent. To explore the potential mechanisms underlying differences in the fragrances among genotypes of this plant, we analyzed floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from two different genotypes: SW001, which has little to no fragrance, and the scented genotype H29. The major VOCs in H29 were linalool, trans-β-ocimene, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol (BAlc) and methyl benzoate. The most important aroma-active compound in H29, linalool, was emitted at a low concentration in SW001, which had markedly higher levels of trans-β-ocimene than H29. Next, to investigate scent biosynthesis, we analyzed the transcriptome and proteome of fully open flowers of the two genotypes. A total of 14 443 differentially expressed unigenes and 196 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Further analyses indicated that 56 differentially expressed genes involved in the terpenoid and benzenoid biosynthesis pathways might play critical roles in regulating floral fragrance difference. Disequilibrium expression of four terpene synthase genes resulted in diverse emission of linalool and trans-β-ocimene in both genotypes. In addition, the expressions of two CpMYC2 transcription factors were both upregulated in H29, implying that they may regulate linalool production. Notably, 16 of 20 genes in the benzenoid biosynthesis pathway were downregulated, corresponding to the relatively low level of benzenoid production in SW001. The lack of benzyl acetate might indicate that SW001 may lack substrate BAlc or functional acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Pu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai-Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
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29
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Godshaw J, Hjelmeland AK, Zweigenbaum J, Ebeler SE. Changes in glycosylation patterns of monoterpenes during grape berry maturation in six cultivars of Vitis vinifera. Food Chem 2019; 297:124921. [PMID: 31253264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants conjugate monoterpenoids to sugars, rendering them non-volatile. Hydrolysis of these glycosidic precursors frees the volatile aroma compounds. Here, we profile intact monoterpenyl glycosides in six Vitis vinifera grape berry cultivars. Relative concentrations of twenty-six monoterpenyl glycosides, including nine new putatively identified compounds, were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF MS/MS at three times during grape maturation (pre-véraison, véraison, and post-véraison). Total glycoside content reached a maximum in Muscat cultivars post-véraison but remained relatively constant in all other cultivars. Three types of monoterpenyl glycosides predominated in all samples: malonylated monoterpenol glucosides, monoterpenol hexose-pentoses, and monoterpendiol hexose-pentoses. The two Muscat cultivars were not differentiated at the earlier developmental stages but could be differentiated post-véraison. In contrast, similarities between Chardonnay and Pinot noir glycoside profiles developed post-véraison. Overall monoterpene glycoconjugation patterns may align with underlying genetic relationships among cultivars. By understanding monoterpene glycoconjugation in wine grapes, scientists and winemakers can better understand grape and wine aromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Godshaw
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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30
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Rice S, Maurer DL, Fennell A, Dharmadhikari M, Koziel JA. Evaluation of Volatile Metabolites Emitted In-Vivo from Cold-Hardy Grapes during Ripening Using SPME and GC-MS: A Proof-of-Concept. Molecules 2019; 24:E536. [PMID: 30717185 PMCID: PMC6384761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, we propose a novel concept for a non-destructive evaluation of volatiles emitted from ripening grapes using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This concept is novel to both the traditional vinifera grapes and the cold-hardy cultivars. Our sample models are cold-hardy varieties in the upper Midwest for which many of the basic multiyear grape flavor and wine style data is needed. Non-destructive sampling included a use of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) chambers temporarily enclosing and concentrating volatiles emitted by a whole cluster of grapes on a vine and a modified 2 mL glass vial for a vacuum-assisted sampling of volatiles from a single grape berry. We used SPME for either sampling in the field or headspace of crushed grapes in the lab and followed with analyses on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We have shown that it is feasible to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in-vivo from single grape berries (39 compounds) and whole clusters (44 compounds). Over 110 VOCs were released to headspace from crushed berries. Spatial (vineyard location) and temporal variations in VOC profiles were observed for all four cultivars. However, these changes were not consistent by growing season, by location, within cultivars, or by ripening stage when analyzed by multivariate analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA). Research into aroma compounds present in cold-hardy cultivars is essential to the continued growth of the wine industry in cold climates and diversification of agriculture in the upper Midwestern area of the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Rice
- Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Devin L Maurer
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Anne Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
| | | | - Jacek A Koziel
- Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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31
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Dueholm B, Drew DP, Sweetman C, Simonsen HT. In planta and in silico characterization of five sesquiterpene synthases from Vitis vinifera (cv. Shiraz) berries. PLANTA 2019; 249:59-70. [PMID: 30136197 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five Vitis vinifera sesquiterpene synthases were characterized, two was previously uncharacterized, one being a caryophyllene/cubebene synthase and the other a cadinene synthase. Residue differences with other Vitis sesquiterpene synthases are described. The biochemical composition of grape berries at harvest can have a profound effect on the varietal character of the wine produced. Sesquiterpenes are an important class of volatile compounds produced in grapes that contribute to the flavor and aroma of wine, making the elucidation of their biosynthetic origin an important field of research. Five cDNAs corresponding to sesquiterpene synthase genes (TPSs) were isolated from Shiraz berries and expressed in planta in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by chemical characterization by GC-MS. Three of the TPS cDNAs were isolated from immature berries and two were isolated from ripe Shiraz berries. Two of the investigated enzymes, TPS26 and TPS27, have been previously investigated by expression in E. coli, and the in planta products generally correspond to these previous studies. The enzyme TPS07 differed by eight amino acids (none of which are in the active site) from germacrene B and D synthase isolated from Gewürztraminer grapes and characterized in vitro. Here in planta characterization of VvShirazTPS07 yielded ylangene, germacrene D and several minor products. Two of the enzymes isolated from immature berries were previously uncharacterized enzymes. VvShirazTPS-Y1 produced cadinene as a major product and at least 17 minor sesquiterpenoid skeletons. The second, VvShirazTPS-Y2, was characterized as a caryophyllene/cubebene synthase, a combination of products not previously reported from a single enzyme. Using in silico methods, we identified residues that could play key roles regarding differences in product formation of these enzymes. The first ring closure that is either a 1,10- or 1,11-ring closure is likely controlled by three neighboring amino acids in helices G1, H2, and J. As for many other investigated TPS enzymes, we also observe that only a few residues can account for radical changes in product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Dueholm
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Damian P Drew
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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32
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Zhang T, Sun M, Guo Y, Shi X, Yang Y, Chen J, Zheng T, Han Y, Bao F, Ahmad S. Overexpression of LiDXS and LiDXR From Lily ( Lilium 'Siberia') Enhances the Terpenoid Content in Tobacco Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:909. [PMID: 30038631 PMCID: PMC6046550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lilium, the famous and significant cut flower, emits a variety of volatile organic compounds, which mainly contain monoterpenes, such as myrcene, (E)-β-ocimene, and linalool. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpene synthesis in Lilium, we cloned two potential genes in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, namely LiDXS and LiDXR, from the strong-flavored oriental Lilium 'Siberia' using a homology-based PCR strategy. The expression levels of LiDXS and LiDXR were consistent with the emission and accumulation of monoterpenes in different floral organs and during the floral development, indicating that these two genes may play key roles in monoterpene synthesis. Subcellular localization demonstrated that LiDXS and LiDXR are expressed in the chloroplasts. Ectopic expression in transgenic tobacco suggested that the flowers of LiDXS and LiDXR transgenic lines accumulated substantially more diterpene, sclareol, compared to the plants transformed with empty vector. Surprisingly, increased content of the monoterpene, linalool and sesquiterpene, caryophyllene, were detected in the LiDXR transgenic lines, whereas the emission of caryophyllene, increased in one of the LiDXS transgenic tobacco lines, indicating that these two genes play significant roles in the synthesis of floral volatiles in the transgenic plants. These results demonstrate that LiDXR can contribute to monoterpene biosynthesis in Lilium 'Siberia'; however, the role of LiDXS in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes needs further study.
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33
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Dalla Costa L, Emanuelli F, Trenti M, Moreno-Sanz P, Lorenzi S, Coller E, Moser S, Slaghenaufi D, Cestaro A, Larcher R, Gribaudo I, Costantini L, Malnoy M, Grando MS. Induction of Terpene Biosynthesis in Berries of Microvine Transformed with VvDXS1 Alleles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2244. [PMID: 29387072 PMCID: PMC5776104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, especially monoterpenes, are major aroma-impact compounds in grape and wine. Previous studies highlighted a key regulatory role for grapevine 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase 1 (VvDXS1), the first enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. Here, the parallel analysis of VvDXS1 genotype and terpene concentration in a germplasm collection demonstrated that VvDXS1 sequence has a very high predictive value for the accumulation of monoterpenes and also has an influence on sesquiterpene levels. A metabolic engineering approach was applied by expressing distinct VvDXS1 alleles in the grapevine model system "microvine" and assessing the effects on downstream pathways at transcriptional and metabolic level in different organs and fruit developmental stages. The underlying goal was to investigate two potential perturbation mechanisms, the former based on a significant over-expression of the wild-type (neutral) VvDXS1 allele and the latter on the ex-novo expression of an enzyme with increased catalytic efficiency from the mutated (muscat) VvDXS1 allele. The integration of the two VvDXS1 alleles in distinct microvine lines was found to alter the expression of several terpenoid biosynthetic genes, as assayed through an ad hoc developed TaqMan array based on cDNA libraries of four aromatic cultivars. In particular, enhanced transcription of monoterpene, sesquiterpene and carotenoid pathway genes was observed. The accumulation of monoterpenes in ripe berries was higher in the transformed microvines compared to control plants. This effect is predominantly attributed to the improved activity of the VvDXS1 enzyme coded by the muscat allele, whereas the up-regulation of VvDXS1 plays a secondary role in the increase of monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Emanuelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Trenti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paula Moreno-Sanz
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Emanuela Coller
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Computational Biology Platform, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Sergio Moser
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Experiment and Technological Services Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Davide Slaghenaufi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Experiment and Technological Services Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Computational Biology Platform, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Experiment and Technological Services Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection—CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Costantini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - M. Stella Grando
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Abstract
Ozone, a powerful oxidative stressor, has been recently used in wine industry as sanitizing agent to reduce spoilage microflora on grapes. In this study, we evaluated ozone-induced metabolic and molecular responses during postharvest grape dehydration. Ozone increased the contents of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have a great impact on the organoleptic properties of grapes and wines. Among terpenes, responsible for floral and fruity aroma, linalool, geraniol and nerol were the major aromatic markers of Moscato bianco grapes. They were significantly affected by the long-term ozone treatment, increasing their concentration in the last phases of dehydration (>20% weight loss). At molecular level, our results demonstrated that both postharvest dehydration and ozone exposure induce the biosynthesis of monoterpenes via methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and of aldehydes from lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase (LOX-HPL) pathway. Therefore, transcriptional changes occurred and promoted the over-production of many important volatile compounds for the quality of white grapes.
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Yang X, Guo Y, Zhu J, Ma N, Sun T, Liu Z, Li K, Guo X. Associations between the α-terpineol synthase gene and α-terpineol content in different grapevine varieties. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1364978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinshan Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchi Zhu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuwu Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Carbonell-Bejerano P, Royo C, Torres-Pérez R, Grimplet J, Fernandez L, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Lijavetzky D, Baroja E, Martínez J, García-Escudero E, Ibáñez J, Martínez-Zapater JM. Catastrophic Unbalanced Genome Rearrangements Cause Somatic Loss of Berry Color in Grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:786-801. [PMID: 28811336 PMCID: PMC5619900 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera) color somatic variants that can be used to develop new grapevine cultivars occasionally appear associated with deletion events of uncertain origin. To understand the mutational mechanisms generating somatic structural variation in grapevine, we compared the Tempranillo Blanco (TB) white berry somatic variant with its black berry ancestor, Tempranillo Tinto. Whole-genome sequencing uncovered a catastrophic genome rearrangement in TB that caused the hemizygous deletion of 313 genes, including the loss of the functional copy for the MYB transcription factors required for anthocyanin pigmentation in the berry skin. Loss of heterozygosity and decreased copy number delimited interspersed monosomic and disomic regions in the right arm of linkage groups 2 and 5. At least 11 validated clustered breakpoints involving intrachromosomal and interchromosomal translocations between three linkage groups flanked the deleted fragments, which, according to segregation analyses, are phased in a single copy of each of the affected chromosomes. These hallmarks, along with the lack of homology between breakpoint joins and the randomness of the order and orientation of the rearranged fragments, are all consistent with a chromothripsis-like pattern generated after chromosome breakage and illegitimate rejoining. This unbalanced genome reshuffling has additional consequences in reproductive development. In TB, lack of sexual transmission of rearranged chromosomes associates with low gamete viability, which compromises fruit set and decreases fruit production. Our findings show that catastrophic genome rearrangements arise spontaneously and stabilize during plant somatic growth. These dramatic rearrangements generate new interesting phenotypes that can be selected for the improvement of vegetatively propagated plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carbonell-Bejerano
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carolina Royo
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lucie Fernandez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Diego Lijavetzky
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-UNCuyo-FCA, M5528AHB Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Elisa Baroja
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juana Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Escudero
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Miguel Martínez-Zapater
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
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Yang X, Guo Y, Zhu J, Shi G, Niu Z, Liu Z, Li K, Guo X. Associations between the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase gene and aroma in different grapevine varieties. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Zhang E, Chai F, Zhang H, Li S, Liang Z, Fan P. Effects of sunlight exclusion on the profiles of monoterpene biosynthesis and accumulation in grape exocarp and mesocarp. Food Chem 2017; 237:379-389. [PMID: 28764010 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are important aroma compounds in table Muscat grape and wine, and their content in the berry can be affected by sunlight. The effects of sunlight exclusion on monoterpene profiles and relevant gene expression profiles in the exocarp and mesocarp of table Muscat grape 'Jingxiangyu' at different development stages were thoroughly surveyed by bagging pre-veraison clusters in special opaque boxes. The responses of monoterpenes to sunlight treatments varied in three types, representatively linalool, ocimene and geraniol. Linalool was the most sensitive compound to sunlight, whose biosynthesis was severely inhibited by sunlight exclusion and then was elevated by re-exposure. Ocimene and glycosylated geraniol showed a certain suppressive and stimulative responses to sunlight exclusion respectively. Further transcription analysis revealed that VvPNLinNer1, VvCSbOci, VvGT7 and VvGT14 genes were mainly responsible for monoterpene accumulation and sensitivity to sunlight. VvDXS2 and VvDXR genes were partially related to the differential accumulation of total terpenes under different sunlight treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fengmei Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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39
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Costantini L, Kappel CD, Trenti M, Battilana J, Emanuelli F, Sordo M, Moretto M, Camps C, Larcher R, Delrot S, Grando MS. Drawing Links from Transcriptome to Metabolites: The Evolution of Aroma in the Ripening Berry of Moscato Bianco ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:780. [PMID: 28559906 PMCID: PMC5432621 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes confer typical floral notes to "Muscat" grapevine varieties and, to a lesser extent, to other aromatic non-Muscat varieties. Previous studies have led to the identification and functional characterization of some enzymes and genes in this pathway. However, the underlying genetic map is still far from being complete. For example, the specific steps of monoterpene metabolism and its regulation are largely unknown. With the aim of identifying new candidates for the missing links, we applied an integrative functional genomics approach based on the targeted metabolic and genome-wide transcript profiling of Moscato Bianco ripening berries. In particular, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free and bound terpenoid compounds was combined with microarray analysis in the skins of berries collected at five developmental stages from pre-veraison to over-ripening. Differentially expressed metabolites and probes were identified in the pairwise comparison between time points by using the early stage as a reference. Metabolic and transcriptomic data were integrated through pairwise correlation and clustering approaches to discover genes linked with particular metabolites or groups of metabolites. These candidate transcripts were further checked for co-localization with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting aromatic compounds. Our findings provide insights into the biological networks of grapevine secondary metabolism, both at the catalytic and regulatory levels. Examples include a nudix hydrolase as component of a terpene synthase-independent pathway for monoterpene biosynthesis, genes potentially involved in monoterpene metabolism (cytochrome P450 hydroxylases, epoxide hydrolases, glucosyltransferases), transport (vesicle-associated proteins, ABCG transporters, glutathione S-transferases, amino acid permeases), and transcriptional control (transcription factors of the ERF, MYB and NAC families, intermediates in light- and circadian cycle-mediated regulation with supporting evidence from the literature and additional regulatory genes with a previously unreported association to monoterpene accumulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costantini
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Christian D. Kappel
- UMR Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, University of BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Massimiliano Trenti
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Juri Battilana
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Emanuelli
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sordo
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Computational Biology Platform, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Céline Camps
- UMR Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, University of BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Experiment and Technological Services Department, Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, University of BordeauxVillenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Maria S. Grando
- Grapevine Genetics and Breeding Unit, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of TrentoSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
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40
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Jadaun JS, Sangwan NS, Narnoliya LK, Singh N, Bansal S, Mishra B, Sangwan RS. Over-expression of DXS gene enhances terpenoidal secondary metabolite accumulation in rose-scented geranium and Withania somnifera: active involvement of plastid isoprenogenic pathway in their biosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:381-400. [PMID: 27580641 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) is one of the most important aromatic plants and is well known for its diverse perfumery uses. Its economic importance is due to presence of fragrance rich essential oil in its foliage. The essential oil is a mixture of various volatile phytochemicals which are mainly terpenes (isoprenoids) in nature. In this study, on the geranium foliage genes related to isoprenoid biosynthesis (DXS, DXR and HMGR) were isolated, cloned and confirmed by sequencing. Further, the first gene of 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (GrDXS), was made full length by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends strategy. GrDXS contained a 2157 bp open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 792 amino acids having calculated molecular weight 77.5 kDa. This study is first report on heterologous expression and kinetic characterization of any gene from this economically important plant. Expression analysis of these genes was performed in different tissues as well as at different developmental stages of leaves. In response to external elicitors, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, light and wounding, all the three genes showed differential expression profiles. Further GrDXS was over expressed in the homologous (rose-scented geranium) as well as in heterologous (Withania somnifera) plant systems through genetic transformation approach. The over-expression of GrDXS led to enhanced secondary metabolites production (i.e. essential oil in rose-scented geranium and withanolides in W. somnifera). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the expression profile of the three genes related to isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways operated in rose-scented geranium as well as functional characterization study of any gene from rose-scented geranium through a genetic transformation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh Jadaun
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Lokesh K Narnoliya
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Shilpi Bansal
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Bhawana Mishra
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), C-127, Phase-8, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali - 160071, Punjab, India
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41
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Li XY, Wen YQ, Meng N, Qian X, Pan QH. Monoterpenyl Glycosyltransferases Differentially Contribute to Production of Monoterpenyl Glycosides in Two Aromatic Vitis vinifera Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1226. [PMID: 28751905 PMCID: PMC5508019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS A similar trend on accumulation of glycosidically bound monoterpenes was observed in both varietiesTwo VvGT7 alleles mutations occurred at key sites in Muscat blanc à PetitVvGT14 exerted a major role in production of monoterpenyl glycosides in both varieties Terpenoids are the major aroma components and generally exist as both free and glycosidically-bound forms, of which nonvolatile glycosides account for a large fraction in grape berries. Our previous study has indicated that differential accumulation of monoterpenyl glycosides in Vitis vinifera "Muscat blanc à Petit" between two regions is closely correlated to monoterpenyl glucosyltransferase (VvGT14, XM_002285734.2) transcript abundance. However, it has not been determined yet whether this correlation also exists in other Vitis vinifera varieties. This study investigated the evolution of free and glycosidically bound monoterpenes in two Vitis vinifera variety "Muscat blanc à Petit" and "Gewurztraminer" under two vintages, and further assessed the relation between the accumulation of bound monoterpenes and two monoterpenyl glycosyltransferase transcript levels. Results showed that free monoterpenes exhibited three evolution patterns in both varieties during berry development of two vintages, whereas glycosidically bound monoterpenes showed a concentration elevation with berry maturation. The Cis-rose oxide and geraniol were major components contributing to the aroma odors of "Gewürztraminer" grapes while linalool was major aroma contributor to the "Muscat blanc à Petit grain" grapes. The accumulation of glycosidically bound monoterpenes in both varieties was accompanied with the high expression of VvGT7 (XM_002276510.2) and VvGT14. Only one allele of VvGT7 was found in the variety "Gewürztraminer" and no mutation was observed in its enzyme active sites. XB-VvGT7-4 and XB-VvGT7-5 were two alleles of VvGT7 detected in "Muscat blanc à Petit grain." The mutation on its enzyme active site inhibited the activity of XB-VvGT7-4, whereas VvGT7-5 exhibited an alteration on enzyme activity due to the insertion mutation at the position 443. Only one VvGT14 allele was found in both varieties, and the VvGT14 allele in both varieties showed the similarity on amino acid sequence. No mutation occurred in active sites of VvGT14 allele. These indicated that VvGT7 and VvGT14 differentially contributed to the production of monoterpenyl glycosides in these Vitis Vinifera varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wen
- Institute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of AgricultureBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Hong Pan
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42
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Migicovsky Z, Sawler J, Gardner KM, Aradhya MK, Prins BH, Schwaninger HR, Bustamante CD, Buckler ES, Zhong GY, Brown PJ, Myles S. Patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity in wine and table grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17035. [PMID: 28791127 PMCID: PMC5539807 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are one of the most economically and culturally important crops worldwide, and they have been bred for both winemaking and fresh consumption. Here we evaluate patterns of diversity across 33 phenotypes collected over a 17-year period from 580 table and wine grape accessions that belong to one of the world's largest grape gene banks, the grape germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture. We find that phenological events throughout the growing season are correlated, and quantify the marked difference in size between table and wine grapes. By pairing publicly available historical phenotype data with genome-wide polymorphism data, we identify large effect loci controlling traits that have been targeted during domestication and breeding, including hermaphroditism, lighter skin pigmentation and muscat aroma. Breeding for larger berries in table grapes was traditionally concentrated in geographic regions where Islam predominates and alcohol was prohibited, whereas wine grapes retained the ancestral smaller size that is more desirable for winemaking in predominantly Christian regions. We uncover a novel locus with a suggestive association with berry size that harbors a signature of positive selection for larger berries. Our results suggest that religious rules concerning alcohol consumption have had a marked impact on patterns of phenomic and genomic diversity in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jason Sawler
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
- Anandia Labs, Vancouver,
BC
V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kyle M Gardner
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton
Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB,
Canada
E3B 4Z7
| | - Mallikarjuna K Aradhya
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United
States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of
California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Bernard H Prins
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United
States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of
California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Heidi R Schwaninger
- United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
14456, USA
| | | | - Edward S Buckler
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
14853, USA
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
14456, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
14456, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Crop Science, University of
Illinois, Urbana, IL
61801, USA
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
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Cardone MF, D'Addabbo P, Alkan C, Bergamini C, Catacchio CR, Anaclerio F, Chiatante G, Marra A, Giannuzzi G, Perniola R, Ventura M, Antonacci D. Inter-varietal structural variation in grapevine genomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:648-661. [PMID: 27419916 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the world's most important crop plants, which is of large economic value for fruit and wine production. There is much interest in identifying genomic variations and their functional effects on inter-varietal, phenotypic differences. Using an approach developed for the analysis of human and mammalian genomes, which combines high-throughput sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR, we created an inter-varietal atlas of structural variations and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) for the grapevine genome analyzing four economically and genetically relevant table grapevine varieties. We found 4.8 million SNVs and detected 8% of the grapevine genome to be affected by genomic variations. We identified more than 700 copy number variation (CNV) regions and more than 2000 genes subjected to CNV as potential candidates for phenotypic differences between varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Cardone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Research Unit for viticulture and enology in Southern Italy, Turi (BA), Italy
| | - Pietro D'Addabbo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Can Alkan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, TR-06800, Turkey
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Research Unit for viticulture and enology in Southern Italy, Turi (BA), Italy
| | | | - Fabio Anaclerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chiatante
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Research Unit for viticulture and enology in Southern Italy, Turi (BA), Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Marra
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giannuzzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rocco Perniola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Research Unit for viticulture and enology in Southern Italy, Turi (BA), Italy
| | - Mario Ventura
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Antonacci
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA)-Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Research Unit for viticulture and enology in Southern Italy, Turi (BA), Italy
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Ilc T, Werck-Reichhart D, Navrot N. Meta-Analysis of the Core Aroma Components of Grape and Wine Aroma. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1472. [PMID: 27746799 PMCID: PMC5042961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wine aroma strongly influences wine quality, yet its composition and its evolution during the winemaking process are poorly understood. Volatile compounds that constitute wine aroma are traditionally divided into three classes according to their origin: grape, fermentation, and maturation aroma. We challenge this view with meta-analysis and review of grape and wine volatiles and their precursors from 82 profiling experiments. We compiled a list of 141 common grape and wine volatiles and quantitatively compared 43 of them. Our work offers insight into complex relationships between biosynthesis of aroma in grapes and the changes during the winemaking process. Monoterpenes are one of the largest and most researched wine aroma compounds. We show that their diversity in wines is mainly due to the oxidative metabolism of linalool in grapes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that most of the linalool produced in grapes is converted to these oxidized derivatives.
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Savoi S, Wong DCJ, Arapitsas P, Miculan M, Bucchetti B, Peterlunger E, Fait A, Mattivi F, Castellarin SD. Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals that prolonged drought modulates the phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathway in white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27001212 PMCID: PMC4802899 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary metabolism contributes to the adaptation of a plant to its environment. In wine grapes, fruit secondary metabolism largely determines wine quality. Climate change is predicted to exacerbate drought events in several viticultural areas, potentially affecting the wine quality. In red grapes, water deficit modulates flavonoid accumulation, leading to major quantitative and compositional changes in the profile of the anthocyanin pigments; in white grapes, the effect of water deficit on secondary metabolism is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study we investigated the impact of water deficit on the secondary metabolism of white grapes using a large scale metabolite and transcript profiling approach in a season characterized by prolonged drought. Irrigated grapevines were compared to non-irrigated grapevines that suffered from water deficit from early stages of berry development to harvest. A large effect of water deficit on fruit secondary metabolism was observed. Increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, and tocopherols were detected, while carotenoid and flavonoid accumulations were differentially modulated by water deficit according to the berry developmental stage. The RNA-sequencing analysis carried out on berries collected at three developmental stages-before, at the onset, and at late ripening-indicated that water deficit affected the expression of 4,889 genes. The Gene Ontology category secondary metabolic process was overrepresented within up-regulated genes at all the stages of fruit development considered, and within down-regulated genes before ripening. Eighteen phenylpropanoid, 16 flavonoid, 9 carotenoid, and 16 terpenoid structural genes were modulated by water deficit, indicating the transcriptional regulation of these metabolic pathways in fruit exposed to water deficit. An integrated network and promoter analyses identified a transcriptional regulatory module that encompasses terpenoid genes, transcription factors, and enriched drought-responsive elements in the promoter regions of those genes as part of the grapes response to drought. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that grapevine berries respond to drought by modulating several secondary metabolic pathways, and particularly, by stimulating the production of phenylpropanoids, the carotenoid zeaxanthin, and of volatile organic compounds such as monoterpenes, with potential effects on grape and wine antioxidant potential, composition, and sensory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Savoi
- />Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Darren C. J. Wong
- />Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- />Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Mara Miculan
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
- />Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Parco Scientifco e Tecnologico Luigi Danieli, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Bucchetti
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Aaron Fait
- />The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- />Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simone D. Castellarin
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
- />Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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46
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Tello J, Torres-Pérez R, Grimplet J, Ibáñez J. Association analysis of grapevine bunch traits using a comprehensive approach. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:227-42. [PMID: 26536891 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A set of SNP markers associated to bunch compactness and related traits were identified in grapevine. ABSTRACT Bunch compactness plays an important role in the sanitary status and perceived quality of table and wine grapes, being influenced by cultural practices and by environmental and genetic factors, which are mostly unknown. In this work, we took advantage of genetic, genomic and bioinformatic advances to analyze part of its molecular basis through a combination of transcriptomic and association analyses. Results from different transcriptomic comparisons between loose and compact grapevine clones were analyzed to select a set of candidate genes likely involved in the observed variation for bunch compactness. Up to 183 genes were sequenced in a grapevine collection, and 7032 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in more than 100 varieties with a frequency of the minor allele over 5%. They were used to test their association in three consecutive seasons with bunch compactness and two of its most influencing factors: total berry number and length of the first ramification of the rachis. Only one SNP was associated with berry number in two seasons, suggesting the high sensitiveness of this trait to seasonal environmental changes. On the other hand, we found a set of SNPs associated with both the first ramification length and bunch compactness in various seasons, in several genes which had not previously related to bunch compactness or bunch compactness-related traits. They are proposed as interesting candidates for further functional analyses aimed to verify the results obtained in this work, as a previous step to their inclusion in marker-assisted selection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tello
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos km 6. Finca La Grajera, 26007, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos km 6. Finca La Grajera, 26007, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos km 6. Finca La Grajera, 26007, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos km 6. Finca La Grajera, 26007, Logroño, Spain.
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47
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Drew DP, Andersen TB, Sweetman C, Møller BL, Ford C, Simonsen HT. Two key polymorphisms in a newly discovered allele of the Vitis vinifera TPS24 gene are responsible for the production of the rotundone precursor α-guaiene. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:799-808. [PMID: 26590310 PMCID: PMC4737073 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rotundone was initially identified as a grape-derived compound responsible for the peppery aroma of Shiraz wine varieties. It has subsequently been found in black and white pepper and several other spices. Because of its potent aroma, the molecular basis for rotundone formation is of particular relevance to grape and wine scientists and industry. We have identified and functionally characterized in planta a sesquiterpene synthase, VvGuaS, from developing grape berries, and have demonstrated that it produces the precursor of rotundone, α-guaiene, as its main product. The VvGuaS enzyme is a novel allele of the sesquiterpene synthase gene, VvTPS24, which has previously been reported to encode VvPNSeInt, an enzyme that produces a variety of selinene-type sesquiterpenes. This newly discovered VvTPS24 allele encodes an enzyme 99.5% identical to VvPNSeInt, with the differences comprising just 6 out of the 561 amino acid residues. Molecular modelling of the enzymes revealed that two of these residues, T414 and V530, are located in the active site of VvGuaS within 4 Å of the binding-site of the substrate, farnesyl pyrophosphate. Mutation of these two residues of VvGuaS into the corresponding polymorphisms in VvPNSeInt results in a complete functional conversion of one enzyme into the other, while mutation of each residue individually produces an intermediate change in the product profile. We have therefore demonstrated that VvGuaS, an enzyme responsible for production of the rotundone precursor, α-guaiene, is encoded by a novel allele of the previously characterized grapevine gene VvTPS24 and that two specific polymorphisms are responsible for functional differences between VvTPS24 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Paul Drew
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Trine Bundgaard Andersen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Ford
- Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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48
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Mattivi F. Key enzymes behind black pepper aroma in wines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:555-557. [PMID: 26839218 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Mattivi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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49
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Regner F, Hack R, Nauer S, Zöch B. Breeding of fungal resistant varieties derived from Grüner Veltliner by chromosomal selection. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20160701014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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50
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Schwab W, Wüst M. Understanding the Constitutive and Induced Biosynthesis of Mono- and Sesquiterpenes in Grapes (Vitis vinifera): A Key to Unlocking the Biochemical Secrets of Unique Grape Aroma Profiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10591-603. [PMID: 26592256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present review integrates current knowledge on mono- and sesquiterpenes in grapes with a special focus on biochemical and physiological aspects. Recent research has impressively shown the prominence of terpenoid metabolism in grapevine (Vitis sp). The 69 putatively functional mono- and sesquiterpene synthases that were identified by the analysis of the updated 12-fold sequencing and assembly of the grapevine genome deliver the scaffolds for structural diversity and display a surprising expansion of the terpene synthase (TPS) gene family in grapevine when compared to other plants like Arabidopsis thaliana (32 TPS). While monoterpenes occur as highly functionalized compounds and are stored as their corresponding glycoconjugates in berry tissues, sesquiterpenes are mainly present as unsaturated hydrocarbons and accumulate in the epicuticular wax layer of intact berries. Interestingly, both groups of terpenes appear to be involved as volatile organic compounds in plant defense and their biosynthesis is enhanced via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. These novel aspects will help to understand how environmental cues affect the genes and enzymes of various metabolic pathways of relevant wine aroma compounds with numerous links to enology and wine flavor chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Bioanalytics/Food Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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