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Zhang W, Shi M, Yang K, Zhang J, Gao Z, El-Kassaby YA, Li Q, Cao T, Deng S, Qing H, Wang Z, Song X. Regulatory networks of senescence-associated gene-transcription factors promote degradation in Moso bamboo shoots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3654-3667. [PMID: 38752443 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo cultivation, particularly Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), holds significant economic importance in various regions worldwide. Bamboo shoot degradation (BSD) severely affects productivity and economic viability. However, despite its agricultural consequences, the molecular mechanisms underlying BSD remain unclear. Consequently, we explored the dynamic changes of BSD through anatomy, physiology and the transcriptome. Our findings reveal ruptured protoxylem cells, reduced cell wall thickness and the accumulation of sucrose and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during BSD. Transcriptomic analysis underscored the importance of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, sugar metabolism and ROS homoeostasis in this process. Furthermore, BSD appears to be driven by the coexpression regulatory network of senescence-associated gene transcription factors (SAG-TFs), specifically PeSAG39, PeWRKY22 and PeWRKY75, primarily located in the protoxylem of vascular bundles. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that PeWRKY22 and PeWRKY75 activate PeSAG39 expression by binding to its promoter. This study advanced our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing BSD, offering a valuable reference for enhancing Moso bamboo forest productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Cui X, Fan X, Xu S, Wang S, Niu F, Zhao P, Yang B, Liu W, Guo X, Jiang YQ. WRKY47 transcription factor modulates leaf senescence through regulating PCD-associated genes in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108805. [PMID: 38861819 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play crucial roles in almost all physiological processes including leaf senescence. Cell death is a typical symptom appearing in senescing leaves, which is also classified as developmental programmed cell death (PCD). However, the link between PCD and leaf senescence still remains unclear. Here, we found a WRKY transcription factor WRKY47 positively modulates age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). WRKY47 was expressed preferentially in senescing leaves. A subcellular localization assay indicated that WRKY47 was exclusively localized in nuclei. Overexpression of WRKY47 showed precocious leaf senescence, with less chlorophyll content and higher electrolyte leakage, but loss-of-function mutants of WRKY47 delayed this biological process. Through qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assays, we found that WRKY47 could activate the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and PCD-associated genes to regulate leaf senescence. Furthermore, through electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR, WRKY47 was found to bind to W-box fragments in promoter regions of BFN1 (Bifunctional Nuclease 1) and MC6 (Metacaspase 6) directly. In general, our research revealed that WRKY47 regulates age-dependent leaf senescence by activating the transcription of two PCD-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Nguyen QM, Iswanto ABB, Kang H, Moon J, Phan KAT, Son GH, Suh MC, Chung EH, Gassmann W, Kim SH. The processed C-terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1769-1787. [PMID: 38869289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and colonization. If the plant carries resistance (R) proteins that recognize pathogen effectors, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is activated, resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response (HR). The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has been well studied in terms of avirulence function. In planta, AvrRps4 is processed into two parts. The C-terminal fragment of AvrRps4 (AvrRps4C) induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired resistance proteins AtRRS1/AtRPS4 in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that AvrRps4C targets a group of Arabidopsis WRKY, including WRKY46, WRKY53, WRKY54, and WRKY70, to induce its virulence function. Indeed, AvrRps4C suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54-mediated resistance. AvrRps4C interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene SARD1 in vitro, suggesting WRKY54 is sequestered from the SARD1 promoter by AvrRps4C. Through the interaction of AvrRps4C with four WRKYs, AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm, thus inhibiting their function in plant immunity. Together, our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
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4
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Yumoto G, Nishio H, Muranaka T, Sugisaka J, Honjo MN, Kudoh H. Seasonal switching of integrated leaf senescence controls in an evergreen perennial Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4719. [PMID: 38849351 PMCID: PMC11161623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Evergreeness is a substantial strategy for temperate and boreal plants and is as common as deciduousness. However, whether evergreen plants switch foliage functions between seasons remains unknown. We conduct an in natura study of leaf senescence control in the evergreen perennial, Arabidopsis halleri. A four-year census of leaf longevity of 102 biweekly cohorts allows us to identify growth season (GS) and overwintering (OW) cohorts characterised by short and extended longevity, respectively, and to recognise three distinct periods in foliage functions, i.e., the growth, overwintering, and reproductive seasons. Photoperiods during leaf expansion separate the GS and OW cohorts, providing primal control of leaf senescence depending on the season, with leaf senescence being shut down during winter. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in field experiments indicate that shade-induced and reproductive-sink-triggered senescence are active during the growth and reproductive seasons, respectively. These secondary controls of leaf senescence cause desynchronised and synchronised leaf senescence during growth and reproduction, respectively. Conclusively, seasonal switching of leaf senescence optimises resource production, storage, and translocation for the season, making the evergreen strategy adaptively relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Yumoto
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Haruki Nishio
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
- Data Science and AI Innovation Research Promotion Center, Shiga University, Banba 1-1-1, Hikone, 522-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Muranaka
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0814, Japan
| | - Jiro Sugisaka
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Mie N Honjo
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan.
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5
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Tan Q, Zhao M, Gao J, Li K, Zhang M, Li Y, Liu Z, Song Y, Lu X, Zhu Z, Lin R, Yin P, Zhou C, Wang G. AtVQ25 promotes salicylic acid-related leaf senescence by fine-tuning the self-repression of AtWRKY53. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1126-1147. [PMID: 38629459 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Most mechanistic details of chronologically ordered regulation of leaf senescence are unknown. Regulatory networks centered on AtWRKY53 are crucial for orchestrating and integrating various senescence-related signals. Notably, AtWRKY53 binds to its own promoter and represses transcription of AtWRKY53, but the biological significance and mechanism underlying this self-repression remain unclear. In this study, we identified the VQ motif-containing protein AtVQ25 as a cooperator of AtWRKY53. The expression level of AtVQ25 peaked at mature stage and was specifically repressed after the onset of leaf senescence. AtVQ25-overexpressing plants and atvq25 mutants displayed precocious and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. Importantly, we identified AtWRKY53 as an interacting partner of AtVQ25. We determined that interaction between AtVQ25 and AtWRKY53 prevented AtWRKY53 from binding to W-box elements on the AtWRKY53 promoter and thus counteracted the self-repression of AtWRKY53. In addition, our RNA-sequencing data revealed that the AtVQ25-AtWRKY53 module is related to the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Precocious leaf senescence and SA-induced leaf senescence in AtVQ25-overexpressing lines were inhibited by an SA pathway mutant, atsid2, and NahG transgenic plants; AtVQ25-overexpressing/atwrky53 plants were also insensitive to SA-induced leaf senescence. Collectively, we demonstrated that AtVQ25 directly attenuates the self-repression of AtWRKY53 during the onset of leaf senescence, which is substantially helpful for understanding the timing of leaf senescence onset modulated by AtWRKY53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Jingwei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zeting Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yujia Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
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6
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Li YM, Tang XS, Sun MH, Zhang HX, Xie ZS. Expression and function identification of senescence-associated genes under continuous drought treatment in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:877-891. [PMID: 38974354 PMCID: PMC11222358 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural leaf senescence is critical for plant fitness. Drought-induced premature leaf senescence affects grape yield and quality. However, reports on the regulatory mechanisms underlying premature leaf senescence under drought stress are limited. In this study, two-year-old potted 'Muscat Hamburg' grape plants were subjected to continuous natural drought treatment until mature leaves exhibited senescence symptoms. Physiological and biochemical indices related to drought stress and senescence were monitored. Transcriptome and transgenic Arabidopsis were used to perform expression analyses and functional identification of drought-induced senescence-associated genes. Twelve days of continuous drought stress was sufficient to cause various physiological disruptions and visible senescence symptoms in mature 'Muscat Hamburg' leaves. These disruptions included malondialdehyde and H2O2 accumulation, and decreased catalase activity and chlorophyll (Chl) levels. Transcriptome analysis revealed that most genes involved in photosynthesis and Chl synthesis were downregulated after 12 d of drought treatment. Three key Chl catabolic genes (SGR, NYC1, and PAO) were significantly upregulated. Overexpression of VvSGR in wild Arabidopsis further confirmed that SGR directly promoted early yellowing of cotyledons and leaves. In addition, drought treatment decreased expression of gibberellic acid signaling repressors (GAI and GAI1) and cytokinin signal components (AHK4, AHK2, RR22, RR9-1, RR9-2, RR6, and RR4) but significantly increased the expression of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signaling components and responsive transcription factors (bZIP40/ABF2, WRKY54/75/70, ANAC019, and MYC2). Moreover, some NAC members (NAC0002, NAC019, and NAC048) may also be drought-induced senescence-associated genes. These results provide extensive information on candidate genes involved in drought-induced senescence in grape leaves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01465-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Mei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Si Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Hao Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Sen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Yu G, Chen D, Ye M, Wu X, Zhu Z, Shen Y, Mehareb EM, Esh A, Raza G, Wang K, Wang Q, Jin JB. H3K27 demethylase SsJMJ4 negatively regulates drought-stress responses in sugarcane. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3040-3053. [PMID: 38310636 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a leading sugar and energy crop, is seriously impacted by drought stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying sugarcane drought resistance, especially the functions of epigenetic regulators, remain elusive. Here, we show that a S. spontaneum KDM4/JHDM3 group JmjC protein, SsJMJ4, negatively regulates drought-stress responses through its H3K27me3 demethylase activity. Ectopic overexpression of SsJMJ4 in Arabidopsis reduced drought resistance possibly by promoting expression of AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70, encoding two negative regulators of drought stress. SsJMJ4 directly bound to AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70, and reduced H3K27me3 levels at these loci to ensure their proper transcription under normal conditions. Drought stress down-regulated both transcription and protein abundance of SsJMJ4, which was correlated with the reduced occupancy of SsJMJ4 at AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70 chromatin, increased H3K27me3 levels at these loci, as well as reduced transcription levels of these genes. In S. spontaneum, drought stress-repressed transcription of SsWRKY122, an ortholog of AtWRKY54 and AtWRKY70, was associated with increased H3K27me3 levels at these loci. Transient overexpression of SsJMJ4 in S. spontaneum protoplasts raised transcription of SsWRKY122, paralleled with reduced H3K27me3 levels at its loci. These results suggest that the SsJMJ4-mediated dynamic deposition of H3K27me3 is required for an appropriate response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Daoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meiling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Eid M Mehareb
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ayman Esh
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Qiongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Academician Workstation of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Area of the Yellow River Delta, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, Shandong, China
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8
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Guo C, Huang Z, Chen J, Yu G, Wang Y, Wang X. Identification of Novel Regulators of Leaf Senescence Using a Deep Learning Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1276. [PMID: 38732491 PMCID: PMC11085074 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating intricate biological processes in plants by harnessing the potential of large-scale data. Gene regulation is a complex process that transcription factors (TFs), cooperating with their target genes, participate in through various aspects of biological processes. Despite its significance, the study of gene regulation has primarily focused on a limited number of notable instances, leaving numerous aspects and interactions yet to be explored comprehensively. Here, we developed DEGRN (Deep learning on Expression for Gene Regulatory Network), an innovative deep learning model designed to decipher gene interactions by leveraging high-dimensional expression data obtained from bulk RNA-Seq and scRNA-Seq data in the model plant Arabidopsis. DEGRN exhibited a compared level of predictive power when applied to various datasets. Through the utilization of DEGRN, we successfully identified an extensive set of 3,053,363 high-quality interactions, encompassing 1430 TFs and 13,739 non-TF genes. Notably, DEGRN's predictive capabilities allowed us to uncover novel regulators involved in a range of complex biological processes, including development, metabolism, and stress responses. Using leaf senescence as an example, we revealed a complex network underpinning this process composed of diverse TF families, including bHLH, ERF, and MYB. We also identified a novel TF, named MAF5, whose expression showed a strong linear regression relation during the progression of senescence. The mutant maf5 showed early leaf decay compared to the wild type, indicating a potential role in the regulation of leaf senescence. This hypothesis was further supported by the expression patterns observed across four stages of leaf development, as well as transcriptomics analysis. Overall, the comprehensive coverage provided by DEGRN expands our understanding of gene regulatory networks and paves the way for further investigations into their functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (C.G.); (Z.H.); (J.C.); (G.Y.); (Y.W.)
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9
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Yu R, Cao X, Liu J, Nie R, Zhang C, Yuan M, Huang Y, Liu X, Zheng W, Wang C, Wu T, Su B, Kang Z, Zeng Q, Han D, Wu J. Using UAV-Based Temporal Spectral Indices to Dissect Changes in the Stay-Green Trait in Wheat. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0171. [PMID: 38694449 PMCID: PMC11062509 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Stay-green (SG) in wheat is a beneficial trait that increases yield and stress tolerance. However, conventional phenotyping techniques limited the understanding of its genetic basis. Spectral indices (SIs) as non-destructive tools to evaluate crop temporal senescence provide an alternative strategy. Here, we applied SIs to monitor the senescence dynamics of 565 diverse wheat accessions from anthesis to maturation stages over 2 field seasons. Four SIs (normalized difference vegetation index, green normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference red edge index, and optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index) were normalized to develop relative stay-green scores (RSGS) as the SG indicators. An RSGS-based genome-wide association study identified 47 high-confidence quantitative trait loci (QTL) harboring 3,079 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SG and 1,085 corresponding candidate genes. Among them, 15 QTL overlapped or were adjacent to known SG-related QTL/genes, while the remaining QTL were novel. Notably, a set of favorable haplotypes of SG-related candidate genes such as TraesCS2A03G1081100, TracesCS6B03G0356400, and TracesCS2B03G1299500 are increasing following the Green Revolution, further validating the feasibility of the pipeline. This study provided a valuable reference for further quantitative SG and genetic research in diverse wheat panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruiqi Nie
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuanliang Zhang
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanchuan Huang
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinzhe Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dejun Han
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of Agronomy,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,
Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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10
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Meng L, Yang H, Yang J, Wang Y, Ye T, Xiang L, Chan Z, Wang Y. Tulip transcription factor TgWRKY75 activates salicylic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis to synergistically promote petal senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2435-2450. [PMID: 38243353 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play a central role in controlling plant organ senescence; however, it is unclear whether and how they regulate petal senescence in the widely grown ornamental plant tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). In this study, we report that TgWRKY75 promotes petal senescence by enhancing the synthesis of both abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tulip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression level of TgWRKY75 was up-regulated in senescent petals, and exogenous ABA or SA treatment induced its expression. The endogenous contents of ABA and SA significantly increased during petal senescence and in response to TgWRKY75 overexpression. Two SA synthesis-related genes, TgICS1 and TgPAL1, were identified as direct targets of TgWRKY75, which binds to their promoters. In parallel, TgWRKY75 activated the expression of the ABA biosynthesis-related gene TgNCED3 via directly binding to its promoter region. Site mutation of the W-box core motif located in the promoters of TgICS1, TgPAL1, and TgNCED3 eliminated their interactions with TgWRKY75. In summary, our study demonstrates a dual regulation of ABA and SA biosynthesis by TgWRKY75, revealing a synergistic process of tulip petal senescence through feedback regulation between TgWRKY75 and the accumulation of ABA and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 30070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haipo Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 30070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jinli Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 30070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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11
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Kołodziejczyk I, Kaźmierczak A. Melatonin - This is important to know. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170871. [PMID: 38340815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
MEL (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a well-known natural compound that controls cellular processes in both plants and animals and is primarily found in plants as a neurohormone. Its roles have been described very broadly, from its antioxidant function related to the photoperiod and determination of seasonal rhythms to its role as a signalling molecule, imitating the action of plant hormones (or even being classified as a prohormone). MEL positively affects the yield and survival of plants by increasing their tolerance to unfavourable biotic and abiotic conditions, which makes MEL widely applicable in ecological farming as a stimulant of growth and development. Thus, it is called a phytobiostimulator. In this review, we discuss the genesis of MEL functions, the presence of MEL at the cellular level and its effects on gene expression and plant development, which can ensure the survival of plants under the conditions they encounter. Moreover, we consider the future application possibilities of MEL in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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12
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Wu H, Zhu Y, Liu X, Lu S. Tobacco Transcription Factor NtWRKY70b Facilitates Leaf Senescence via Inducing ROS Accumulation and Impairing Hydrogen Sulfide Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3686. [PMID: 38612502 PMCID: PMC11012213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the terminal stage of leaf development, and its initiation and progression are closely controlled by the integration of a myriad of endogenous signals and environmental stimuli. It has been documented that WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in regulating leaf senescence, yet the molecular mechanism of WRKY-mediated leaf senescence still lacks detailed elucidation in crop plants. In this study, we cloned and identified a tobacco WRKY TF gene, designated NtWRKY70b, acting as a positive regulator of natural leaf senescence. The expression profile analysis showed that NtWRKY70b transcript levels were induced by aging and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and downregulated upon hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment. The physiological and biochemical assays revealed that overexpression of NtWRKY70b (OE) clearly promoted leaf senescence, triggering increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased H2S content, while disruption of NtWRKY70b by chimeric repressor silencing technology (SRDX) significantly delayed the onset of leaf senescence, leading to a decreased accumulation of ROS and elevated concentration of H2S. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of various senescence-associated genes and ROS biosynthesis-related genes (NtRbohD and NtRbohE) were upregulated in OE lines, while the expression of H2S biosynthesis-related genes (NtDCD and NtCYSC1) were inhibited in OE lines. Furthermore, the Yeast one-hybrid analysis (Y1H) and dual luciferase assays showed that NtWRKY70b could directly upregulate the expression of an ROS biosynthesis-related gene (NtRbohD) and a chlorophyll degradation-related gene (NtPPH) by binding to their promoter sequences. Accordingly, these results indicated that NtWYKY70b directly activated the transcript levels of NtRbohD and NtPPH and repressed the expression of NtDCD and NtCYCS1, thereby promoting ROS accumulation and impairing the endogenous H2S production, and subsequently accelerating leaf aging. These observations improve our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of WRKY TFs controlling leaf senescence and provide a novel method for ensuring high agricultural crop productivity via genetic manipulation of leaf senescence in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Songchong Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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13
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Jose-Santhi J, Sheikh FR, Kalia D, Sood R, Kumar R, Acharya V, Singh RK. Transcriptional dynamics in source-sink tissues identifies molecular factors regulating the corm development process in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14285. [PMID: 38606764 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Geophytic plants have evolved to develop underground storage organs (USO) in the active growing season to withstand harsh environments as well as to coordinate growth and reproduction when conditions are favourable. Saffron is an autumn flowering geophyte and an expensive spice crop restricted to certain geographical locations in the world. Saffron, being sterile, does not produce seeds and thus propagates only through corms, the quality of which determines its yield. Corm development in saffron is unexplored and the underlying molecular mechanism is still elusive. In this study, we performed an extensive characterisation of the transcriptional dynamics in the source (leaf) and sink (corm) tissues during corm development in saffron. KEY RESULTS Via morphological and transcriptome studies, we identified molecular factors regulating corm development process in saffron, which defined corm development into three stages: the initiation stage demonstrates enhanced vegetative growth aboveground and swelling of shoot base belowground due to active cell division & carbohydrate storage; the bulking stage comprises of increased source and sink strength, active photosynthesis, circadian gating and starch accumulation; the maturation stage represents reduced source and sink strength, lowered photosynthesis, sugar transport, starch synthesis and cell cycle arrest. UTILITY The global view of transcriptional changes in source and sink identifies similar and new molecular factors involved in the saffron corm development process compared to USO formation in other geophytes and provides a valuable resource for dissecting the molecular network underlying the corm development. We propose a hypothetical model based on data analysis, of how molecular factors via environmental cues can regulate the corm development process in saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jose-Santhi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Firdous Rasool Sheikh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Diksha Kalia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Riya Sood
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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14
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Kant K, Rigó G, Faragó D, Benyó D, Tengölics R, Szabados L, Zsigmond L. Mutation in Arabidopsis mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 gene affects tolerance to water deficit. PLANTA 2024; 259:78. [PMID: 38427069 PMCID: PMC10907415 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Arabidopsis Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) insertion mutants have increased tolerance to water deficit compared to wild-type plants. Tolerance is likely the consequence of ABA hypersensitivity of the mutants. Plant growth and development depend on multiple environmental factors whose alterations can disrupt plant homeostasis and trigger complex molecular and physiological responses. Water deficit is one of the factors which can seriously restrict plant growth and viability. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular metabolism, energy production, and redox homeostasis. During drought and salinity stress, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to ROS overproduction and oxidative stress, affecting plant growth and survival. Alternative oxidases (AOXs) and stabilization of mitochondrial electron transport chain help mitigate ROS damage. The mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) protein was implicated in stress regulation as ppr40 mutants were found to be hypersensitive to ABA and high salinity during germination. This study investigated the tolerance of the knockout ppr40-1 and knockdown ppr40-2 mutants to water deprivation. Our results show that these mutants display an enhanced tolerance to water deficit. The mutants had higher relative water content, reduced level of oxidative damage, and better photosynthetic parameters in water-limited conditions compared to wild-type plants. ppr40 mutants had considerable differences in metabolic profiles and expression of a number of stress-related genes, suggesting important metabolic reprogramming. Tolerance to water deficit was also manifested in higher survival rates and alleviated growth reduction when watering was suspended. Enhanced sensitivity to ABA and fast stomata closure was suggested to lead to improved capacity for water conservation in such environment. Overall, this study highlights the importance of mitochondrial functions and in particular PPR40 in plant responses to abiotic stress, particularly drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Faragó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Benyó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Kohli M, Bansal H, Mishra GP, Dikshit HK, Reddappa SB, Roy A, Sinha SK, Shivaprasad K, Kumari N, Kumar A, Kumar RR, Nair RM, Aski M. Genome-wide association studies for earliness, MYMIV resistance, and other associated traits in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) using genotyping by sequencing approach. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16653. [PMID: 38288464 PMCID: PMC10823994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) remains a major constraint in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.)) production; while short-duration genotypes offer multiple crop cycles per year and help in escaping terminal heat stress, especially during summer cultivation. A comprehensive genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis was conducted using 132 diverse mungbean genotypes for traits like flowering time, YMD resistance, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, trichome density, and leaf area. The frequency distribution revealed a wide range of values for all the traits. GBS studies identified 31,953 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) across all 11 mungbean chromosomes and were used for GWAS. Structure analysis revealed the presence of two genetically distinct populations based on ΔK. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) varied throughout the chromosomes and at r2 = 0.2, the mean LD decay was estimated as 39.59 kb. Two statistical models, mixed linear model (MLM) and Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) identified 44 shared SNPs linked with various candidate genes. Notable candidate genes identified include FPA for flowering time (VRADI10G01470; chr. 10), TIR-NBS-LRR for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance (VRADI09G06940; chr. 9), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RIE1 for SPAD value (VRADI07G28100; chr. 11), WRKY family transcription factor for leaf area (VRADI03G06560; chr. 3), and LOB domain-containing protein 21 for trichomes (VRADI06G04290; chr. 6). In-silico validation of candidate genes was done through digital gene expression analysis using Arabidopsis orthologous (compared with Vigna radiata genome). The findings provided valuable insight for marker-assisted breeding aiming for the development of YMD-resistant and early-maturing mungbean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Kohli
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Hina Bansal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | - Anirban Roy
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Sinha
- Biotechnology, National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - K.M. Shivaprasad
- Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nikki Kumari
- Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet R. Kumar
- Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Muraleedhar Aski
- Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, Delhi, India
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16
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Wu R, Pan X, Li W, Zhang Z, Guo Y. Phosphorylation of Thr-225 and Ser-262 on ERD7 Promotes Age-Dependent and Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence through the Regulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1328. [PMID: 38279327 PMCID: PMC10815956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the final stage of leaf development, leaf senescence is affected by a variety of internal and external signals including age and environmental stresses. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of age-dependent leaf senescence, it is not clear how stress conditions induce a similar process. Here, we report the roles of a stress-responsive and senescence-induced gene, ERD7 (EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 7), in regulating both age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the leaves of erd7 mutant exhibited a significant delay in both age-dependent and stress-induced senescence, while transgenic plants overexpressing the gene exhibited an obvious accelerated leaf senescence. Furthermore, based on the results of LC-MS/MS and PRM quantitative analyses, we selected two phosphorylation sites, Thr-225 and Ser-262, which have a higher abundance during senescence, and demonstrated that they play a key role in the function of ERD7 in regulating senescence. Transgenic plants overexpressing the phospho-mimetic mutant of the activation segment residues ERD7T225D and ERD7T262D exhibited a significantly early senescence, while the inactivation segment ERD7T225A and ERD7T262A displayed a delayed senescence. Moreover, we found that ERD7 regulates ROS accumulation by enhancing the expression of AtrbohD and AtrbohF, which is dependent on the critical residues, i.e., Thr-225 and Ser-262. Our findings suggest that ERD7 is a positive regulator of senescence, which might function as a crosstalk hub between age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China;
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China; (X.P.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaolu Pan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China; (X.P.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China; (X.P.); (W.L.)
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China; (X.P.); (W.L.)
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China; (X.P.); (W.L.)
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17
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Pahal S, Srivastava H, Saxena S, Tribhuvan KU, Kaila T, Sharma S, Grewal S, Singh NK, Gaikwad K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two contrasting genotypes provides new insights into the drought response mechanism in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.). Genes Genomics 2024; 46:65-94. [PMID: 37985548 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite plant's ability to adapt and withstand challenging environments, drought poses a severe threat to their growth and development. Although pigeon pea is already quite resistant to drought, the prolonged dehydration induced by the aberrant climate poses a serious threat to their survival and productivity. OBJECTIVE Comparative physiological and transcriptome analyses of drought-tolerant (CO5) and drought-sensitive (CO1) pigeon pea genotypes subjected to drought stress were carried out in order to understand the molecular basis of drought tolerance in pigeon pea. METHODS The transcriptomic analysis allowed us to examine how drought affects the gene expression of C. cajan. Using bioinformatics tools, the unigenes were de novo assembled, annotated, and functionally evaluated. Additionally, a homology-based sequence search against the droughtDB database was performed to identify the orthologs of the DEGs. RESULTS 1102 potential drought-responsive genes were found to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes. These included Abscisic acid insensitive 5 (ABI5), Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A-7 (NF-YA7), WD40 repeat-containing protein 55 (WDR55), Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 6 (ZF-HD6) and were highly expressed in the tolerant genotype. Further, GO analysis revealed that the most enriched classes belonged to biosynthetic and metabolic processes in the biological process category, binding and catalytic activity in the molecular function category and nucleus and protein-containing complex in the cellular component category. Results of KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly abundant in signalling pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signalling pathways. Consequently, in our investigation, we have identified and validated by qPCR a group of genes involved in signal reception and propagation, stress-specific TFs, and basal regulatory genes associated with drought response. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our comprehensive transcriptome dataset enabled the discovery of candidate genes connected to pathways involved in pigeon pea drought response. Our research uncovered a number of unidentified genes and transcription factors that could be used to understand and improve susceptibility to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pahal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | | | - Swati Saxena
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tanvi Kaila
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India.
| | - Nagendra K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Chen L, Lin J, Wang Z, Pan J, Yang F, Ni X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Pi E, Wang S. Multifaceted roles of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303667. [PMID: 38169626 PMCID: PMC10758500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are seriously impeding the growth and yield of staple crops and threatening global food security. As one of the largest classes of regulators in vascular plants, WRKY transcription factors play critical roles governing flavonoid biosynthesis during stress responses. By binding major W-box cis-elements (TGACCA/T) in target promoters, WRKYs modulate diverse signaling pathways. In this review, we optimized existing WRKY phylogenetic trees by incorporating additional plant species with WRKY proteins implicated in stress tolerance and flavonoid regulation. Based on the improved frameworks and documented results, we aim to deduce unifying themes of distinct WRKY subfamilies governing specific stress responses and flavonoid metabolism. These analyses will generate experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the putative functions of uncharacterized WRKY homologs in tuning flavonoid accumulation to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Lv Z, Zhao W, Kong S, Li L, Lin S. Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293424. [PMID: 38146273 PMCID: PMC10749370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth initiates in the peripheral region of the meristem at the apex of the stem, eventually forming flat structures. Leaves are pivotal organs in plants, serving as the primary sites for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Their development is intricately governed by complex regulatory networks. Leaf development encompasses five processes: the leaf primordium initiation, the leaf polarity establishment, leaf size expansion, shaping of leaf, and leaf senescence. The leaf primordia starts from the side of the growth cone at the apex of the stem. Under the precise regulation of a series of genes, the leaf primordia establishes adaxial-abaxial axes, proximal-distal axes and medio-lateral axes polarity, guides the primordia cells to divide and differentiate in a specific direction, and finally develops into leaves of a certain shape and size. Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death that occurs in plants, and as it is the last stage of leaf development. Each of these processes is meticulously coordinated through the intricate interplay among transcriptional regulatory factors, microRNAs, and plant hormones. This review is dedicated to examining the regulatory influences of major regulatory factors and plant hormones on these five developmental aspects of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Zhang B, Huang S, Guo Z, Meng Y, Li X, Tian Y, Chen W. Salicylic acid accelerates carbon starvation-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting autophagy through Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111859. [PMID: 37673221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, leaf senescence is regulated by several factors, including age and carbon starvation. The molecular mechanism of age-regulated developmental leaf senescence differs from that of carbon starvation-induced senescence. Salicylic acid (SA) and Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) play important roles in promoting developmental leaf senescence. However, the relationship between SA signaling and carbon starvation-induced leaf senescence is not currently well understood. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana as material and found that carbon starvation-induced leaf senescence was accelerated in the SA dihydroxylase mutants s3hs5h compared to the Columbia ecotype (Col). Exogenous SA treatment significantly promoted carbon starvation-induced leaf senescence, especially in NPR1-GFP. Increasing the endogenous SA and overexpression of NPR1 inhibited carbon starvation-induced autophagy. However, mutation of NPR1 delayed carbon starvation-induced leaf senescence, increased autophagosome production and accelerated autophagic degradation of the Neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1). In conclusion, SA promotes carbon starvation-induced leaf senescence by inhibiting autophagy via NPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuqin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zetian Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yixuan Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuzhen Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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21
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Zhou Q, Guo Z, Zhou X, Zhou L, Wang D, Bo K, Zhu P. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the WRKY Gene Family in Cucurbita maxima. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2030. [PMID: 38002973 PMCID: PMC10671635 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, WRKY transcription factors are broadly involved in a variety of life activities and play an important role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, little is known about the functions of WRKY genes in the popular species, such as Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin), which is planted worldwide. In the present study, 102 CmWRKY genes were identified in the C. maxima genome. Chromosome location, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and synteny analysis of the CmWRKYs were performed. Notably, we found that silencing CmWRKY22 promoted cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection, whereas overexpression of CmWRKY22 inhibited the CMV infection. Subsequently, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that CmWRKY22 was able to bind to the W-box at the promoter of CmPR1b, which is a responsive gene of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. In summary, this study has provided a foundation for the antiviral functions of WRKY transcription factors in C. maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Ziqing Guo
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Melons and Vegetables Germplasm Resource Innovation and Intelligent Technology, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Duanhua Wang
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kailiang Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pu Zhu
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, China
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22
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Du P, Deng Q, Wang W, Garg V, Lu Q, Huang L, Wang R, Li H, Huai D, Chen X, Varshney RK, Hong Y, Liu H. scRNA-seq Reveals the Mechanism of Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Mutation to Repress Leaf Growth in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Cells 2023; 12:2305. [PMID: 37759528 PMCID: PMC10527976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2) controls the conversion of oleic acids into linoleic acids. Mutations in FAD2 not only increase the high-oleic content, but also repress the leaf growth. However, the mechanism by which FAD2 regulates the growth pathway has not been elucidated in peanut leaves with single-cell resolution. In this study, we isolated fad2 mutant leaf protoplast cells to perform single-cell RNA sequencing. Approximately 24,988 individual cells with 10,249 expressed genes were classified into five major cell types. A comparative analysis of 3495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in distinct cell types demonstrated that fad2 inhibited the expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene LOG in vascular cells, thereby repressing leaf growth. Further, pseudo-time trajectory analysis indicated that fad2 repressed leaf cell differentiation, and cell-cycle evidence displayed that fad2 perturbed the normal cell cycle to induce the majority of cells to drop into the S phase. Additionally, important transcription factors were filtered from the DEG profiles that connected the network involved in high-oleic acid accumulation (WRKY6), activated the hormone pathway (WRKY23, ERF109), and potentially regulated leaf growth (ERF6, MYB102, WRKY30). Collectively, our study describes different gene atlases in high-oleic and normal peanut seedling leaves, providing novel biological insights to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the high-oleic peanut-associated agronomic trait at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Quanqing Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenyi Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Vanika Garg
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University (MU), Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (V.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Qing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Runfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Haifen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University (MU), Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (V.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
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Wang Q, Li X, Guo C, Wen L, Deng Z, Zhang Z, Li W, Liu T, Guo Y. Senescence-related receptor kinase 1 functions downstream of WRKY53 in regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5140-5152. [PMID: 37351601 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are the most important class of cell surface receptors, and play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. However, few studies have been reported about the biofunctions of RLKs in leaf senescence. Here, we characterized a novel Arabidopsis RLK-encoding gene, SENESCENCE-RELATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (SENRK1), which was significantly down-regulated during leaf senescence. Notably, the loss-of-function senrk1 mutants displayed an early leaf senescence phenotype, while overexpression of SENRK1 significantly delayed leaf senescence, indicating that SENRK1 negatively regulates age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the senescence-promoting transcription factor WRKY53 repressed the expression of SENRK1. While the wrky53 mutant showed a delayed senescence phenotype as previously reported, the wrky53 senrk1-1 double mutant exhibited precocious leaf senescence, suggesting that SENRK1 functions downstream of WRKY53 in regulating age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Cun Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lichao Wen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Zhang XW, Xu RR, Liu Y, You CX, An JP. MdVQ10 promotes wound-triggered leaf senescence in association with MdWRKY75 and undergoes antagonistic modulation of MdCML15 and MdJAZs in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1599-1618. [PMID: 37277961 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wounding stress leads to leaf senescence. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the MdVQ10-MdWRKY75 module in wound-induced leaf senescence. MdWRKY75 was identified as a key positive modulator of wound-induced leaf senescence by activating the expression of the senescence-associated genes MdSAG12 and MdSAG18. MdVQ10 interacted with MdWRKY75 to enhance MdWRKY75-activated transcription of MdSAG12 and MdSAG18, thereby promoting leaf senescence triggered by wounding. In addition, the calmodulin-like protein MdCML15 promoted MdVQ10-mediated leaf senescence by stimulating the interaction between MdVQ10 and MdWRKY75. Moreover, the jasmonic acid signaling repressors MdJAZ12 and MdJAZ14 antagonized MdVQ10-mediated leaf senescence by weakening the MdVQ10-MdWRKY75 interaction. Our results demonstrate that the MdVQ10-MdWRKY75 module is a key modulator of wound-induced leaf senescence and provides insights into the mechanism of leaf senescence caused by wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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25
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Gedam PA, Khandagale K, Shirsat D, Thangasamy A, Kulkarni O, Kulkarni A, Patil SS, Barvkar VT, Mahajan V, Gupta AJ, Bhagat KP, Khade YP, Singh M, Gawande S. Elucidating the molecular responses to waterlogging stress in onion ( Allium cepa L.) leaf by comparative transcriptome profiling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150909. [PMID: 37615019 PMCID: PMC10442827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Waterlogging is a major stress that severely affects onion cultivation worldwide, and developing stress-tolerant varieties could be a valuable measure for overcoming its adverse effects. Gathering information regarding the molecular mechanisms and gene expression patterns of waterlogging-tolerant and sensitive genotypes is an effective method for improving stress tolerance in onions. To date, the waterlogging tolerance-governing molecular mechanism in onions is unknown. Methods This study identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through transcriptome analysis in leaf tissue of two onion genotypes (Acc. 1666; tolerant and W-344; sensitive) presenting contrasting responses to waterlogging stress. Results Differential gene expression analysis revealed that in Acc. 1666, 1629 and 3271 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. In W-344, 2134 and 1909 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, under waterlogging stress. The proteins coded by these DEGs regulate several key biological processes to overcome waterlogging stress such as phytohormone production, antioxidant enzymes, programmed cell death, and energy production. The clusters of orthologous group pathway analysis revealed that DEGs contributed to the post-translational modification, energy production, and carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways under waterlogging stress. The enzyme assay demonstrated higher activity of antioxidant enzymes in Acc. 1666 than in W-344. The differential expression of waterlogging tolerance related genes, such as those related to antioxidant enzymes, phytohormone biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcriptional factors, suggested that significant fine reprogramming of gene expression occurs in response to waterlogging stress in onion. A few genes such as ADH, PDC, PEP carboxylase, WRKY22, and Respiratory burst oxidase D were exclusively upregulated in Acc. 1666. Discussion The molecular information about DEGs identified in the present study would be valuable for improving stress tolerance and for developing waterlogging tolerant onion varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali A. Gedam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Kiran Khandagale
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Dhananjay Shirsat
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - A. Thangasamy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Onkar Kulkarni
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Vijay Mahajan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Amar Jeet Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Kiran P. Bhagat
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Floriculture Research, Pune, India
| | - Yogesh P. Khade
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Major Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Suresh Gawande
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
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Tanin MJ, Sharma A, Ram H, Singh S, Srivastava P, Mavi GS, Saini DK, Gudi S, Kumar P, Goyal P, Sohu VS. Application of potassium nitrate and salicylic acid improves grain yield and related traits by delaying leaf senescence in Gpc-B1 carrying advanced wheat genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107705. [PMID: 37528976 PMCID: PMC10389087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Grain protein content (GPC) is an important quality trait that effectively modulates end-use quality and nutritional characteristics of wheat flour-based food products. The Gpc-B1 gene is responsible for the higher protein content in wheat grain. In addition to higher GPC, the Gpc-B1 is also generally associated with reduced grain filling period which eventually causes the yield penalty in wheat. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate (PN) and salicylic acid (SA) on the physiological characteristics of a set of twelve genotypes, including nine isogenic wheat lines carrying the Gpc-B1 gene and three elite wheat varieties with no Gpc-B1 gene, grown at wheat experimental area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Punjab, India. The PN application significantly increased the number of grains per spike (GPS) by 6.42 grains, number of days to maturity (DTM) by 1.03 days, 1000-grain weight (TGW) by 1.97 g and yield per plot (YPP) by 0.2 kg/plot. As a result of PN spray, the flag leaf chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced by 2.35 CCI at anthesis stage and by 1.96 CCI at 10 days after anthesis in all the tested genotypes. Furthermore, the PN application also significantly increased the flag leaf nitrogen content by an average of 0.52% at booting stage and by 0.35% at both anthesis and 10 days after anthesis in all the evaluated genotypes. In addition, the yellow peduncle colour at 30 days after anthesis was also increased by 19.08% while the straw nitrogen content was improved by 0.17% in all the genotypes. The preliminary experiment conducted using SA demonstrated a significant increase in DTM and other yield component traits. The DTM increased by an average of 2.31 days, GPS enhanced by approximately 3.17 grains, TGW improved by 1.13g, and YPP increased by 0.21 kg/plot. The foliar application of PN and SA had no significant effect on GPC itself. The findings of the present study suggests that applications of PN and SA can effectively mitigate the yield penalty associated with Gpc-B1 gene by extending grain filling period in the wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Achla Sharma
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Jafar Tanin, ; Achla Sharma,
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Cao J, Liu H, Tan S, Li Z. Transcription Factors-Regulated Leaf Senescence: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119245. [PMID: 37298196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex biological process regulated at multiple levels, including chromatin remodeling, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of leaf senescence, with NAC and WRKY families being the most studied. This review summarizes the progress made in understanding the regulatory roles of these families in leaf senescence in Arabidopsis and various crops such as wheat, maize, sorghum, and rice. Additionally, we review the regulatory functions of other families, such as ERF, bHLH, bZIP, and MYB. Unraveling the mechanisms of leaf senescence regulated by TFs has the potential to improve crop yield and quality through molecular breeding. While significant progress has been made in leaf senescence research in recent years, our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying this process is still incomplete. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in leaf senescence research, with suggestions for possible strategies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuya Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Li Y, Ma X, Xiao LD, Yu YN, Yan HL, Gong ZH. CaWRKY50 Acts as a Negative Regulator in Response to Colletotrichum scovillei Infection in Pepper. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1962. [PMID: 37653879 PMCID: PMC10221478 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chili anthracnose is one of the most common and destructive fungal pathogens that affects the yield and quality of pepper. Although WRKY proteins play crucial roles in pepper resistance to a variety of pathogens, the mechanism of their resistance to anthracnose is still unknown. In this study, we found that CaWRKY50 expression was obviously induced by Colletotrichum scovillei infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. CaWRKY50-silencing enhanced pepper resistance to C. scovillei, while transient overexpression of CaWRKY50 in pepper increased susceptibility to C. scovillei. We further found that overexpression of CaWRKY50 in tomatoes significantly decreased resistance to C. scovillei by SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways. Moreover, CaWRKY50 suppressed the expression of two SA-related genes, CaEDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility 1) and CaSAMT1 (salicylate carboxymethyltransferase 1), by directly binding to the W-box motif in their promoters. Additionally, we demonstrated that CaWRKY50 interacts with CaWRKY42 and CaMIEL1 in the nucleus. Thus, our findings revealed that CaWRKY50 plays a negative role in pepper resistance to C. scovillei through the SA-mediated signaling pathway and the antioxidant defense system. These results provide a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of pepper varieties resistant to anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
| | - Luo-Dan Xiao
- Yibin Research Institute of Tea Industry, Yibin 644000, China;
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
| | - Hui-Ling Yan
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.-N.Y.)
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29
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Dang F, Lin J, Li Y, Jiang R, Fang Y, Ding F, He S, Wang Y. SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 synergistically modulate tomato immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum by directly regulating SlPR-STH2. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad050. [PMID: 37206055 PMCID: PMC10189802 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that severely threatens tomato production. Group III WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are implicated in the plant response to pathogen infection; however, their roles in the response of tomato to R. solanacearum infection (RSI) remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the crucial role of SlWRKY30, a group III SlWRKY TF, in the regulation of tomato response to RSI. SlWRKY30 was strongly induced by RSI. SlWRKY30 overexpression reduced tomato susceptibility to RSI, and also increased H2O2 accumulation and cell necrosis, suggesting that SlWRKY30 positively regulates tomato resistance to RSI. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that SlWRKY30 overexpression significantly upregulated pathogenesis-related protein (SlPR-STH2) genes SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b, SlPR-STH2c, and SlPR-STH2d (hereafter SlPR-STH2a/b/c/d) in tomato, and these SlPR-STH2 genes were directly targeted by SlWRKY30. Moreover, four group III WRKY proteins (SlWRKY52, SlWRKY59, SlWRKY80, and SlWRKY81) interacted with SlWRKY30, and SlWRKY81 silencing increased tomato susceptibility to RSI. Both SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 activated SlPR-STH2a/b/c/d expression by directly binding to their promoters. Taking these results together, SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 synergistically regulate resistance to RSI by activating SlPR-STH2a/b/c/d expression in tomato. Our results also highlight the potential of SlWRKY30 to improve tomato resistance to RSI via genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Jinhui Lin
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yajing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruoyun Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yudong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Shuilin He
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
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Chen W, Zheng Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Yang Z, Chi X, Dai L, Lu G, Yang Y, Sun B. Ethylene-responsive SbWRKY50 suppresses leaf senescence by inhibition of chlorophyll degradation in sorghum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1129-1145. [PMID: 36683397 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The onset of leaf de-greening and senescence is governed by a complex regulatory network including environmental cues and internal factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and phytohormones, in which ethylene (ET) is one key inducer. However, the detailed mechanism of ET signalling for senescence regulation is still largely unknown. Here, we found that the WRKY TF SbWRKY50 from Sorghum bicolor L., a direct target of the key component ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 in ET signalling, functioned for leaf senescence repression. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein9-edited SbWRKY50 mutant (SbWRKY5O-KO) of sorghum displayed precocious senescent phenotypes, while SbWRKY50 overexpression delayed age-dependent and dark-induced senescence in sorghum. SbWRKY50 negatively regulated chlorophyll degradation through direct binding to the promoters of several chlorophyll catabolic genes. In addition, SbWRKY50 recruited the Polycomb repressive complex 1 through direct interaction with SbBMI1A, to induce histone 2A mono-ubiquitination accumulation on the chlorophyll catabolic genes for epigenetic silencing and thus delayed leaf senescence. Especially, SbWRKY50 can suppress early steps of chlorophyll catabolic pathway via directly repressing SbNYC1 (NON-YELLOW COLORING 1). Other senescence-related hormones could also influence leaf senescence through repression of SbWRKY50. Hence, our work shows that SbWRKY50 is an essential regulator downstream of ET and SbWRKY50 also responds to other phytohormones for senescence regulation in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuchen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingyan Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Masood J, Zhu W, Fu Y, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Han H, Yan Y, Wen X, Guo H, Liang J. Scaffold protein RACK1A positively regulates leaf senescence by coordinating the EIN3-miR164-ORE1 transcriptional cascade in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36939002 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have adopted versatile scaffold proteins to facilitate the crosstalk between multiple signaling pathways. Leaf senescence is a well-programmed developmental stage that is coordinated by various external and internal signals. However, the functions of plant scaffold proteins in response to senescence signals are not well understood. Here, we report that the scaffold protein RACK1A (RECEPTOR FOR ACTIVATED C KINASE 1A) participates in leaf senescence mediated by ethylene signaling via the coordination of the EIN3-miR164-ORE1 transcriptional regulatory cascade. RACK1A is a novel positive regulator of ethylene-mediated leaf senescence. The rack1a mutant exhibits delayed leaf senescence, while transgenic lines overexpressing RACK1A display early leaf senescence. Moreover, RACK1A promotes EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) protein accumulation, and directly interacts with EIN3 to enhance its DNA-binding activity. Together, they then associate with the miR164 promoter to inhibit its transcription, leading to the release of the inhibition on downstream ORE1 (ORESARA 1) transcription and the promotion of leaf senescence. This study reveals a mechanistic framework by which RACK1A promotes leaf senescence via the EIN3-miR164-ORE1 transcriptional cascade, and provides a paradigm for how scaffold proteins finely tune phytohormone signaling to control plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Masood
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Goyal P, Devi R, Verma B, Hussain S, Arora P, Tabassum R, Gupta S. WRKY transcription factors: evolution, regulation, and functional diversity in plants. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:331-348. [PMID: 35829836 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancements in sequencing technologies and informatic tools promoted a paradigm shift to decipher the hidden biological mysteries and transformed the biological issues into digital data to express both qualitative and quantitative forms. The transcriptomic approach, in particular, has added new dimensions to the versatile essence of plant genomics through the large and deep transcripts generated in the process. This has enabled the mining of super families from the sequenced plants, both model and non-model, understanding their ancestry, diversity, and evolution. The elucidation of the crystal structure of the WRKY proteins and recent advancement in computational prediction through homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulation has provided an insight into the DNA-protein complex formation, stability, and interaction, thereby giving a new dimension in understanding the WRKY regulation. The present review summarizes the functional aspects of the high volume of sequence data of WRKY transcription factors studied from different species, till date. The review focuses on the dynamics of structural classification and lineage in light of the recent information. Additionally, a comparative analysis approach was incorporated to understand the functions of the identified WRKY transcription factors subjected to abiotic (heat, cold, salinity, senescence, dark, wounding, UV, and carbon starvation) stresses as revealed through various sets of studies on different plant species. The review will be instrumental in understanding the events of evolution and the importance of WRKY TFs under the threat of climate change, considering the new scientific evidences to propose a fresh perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Goyal
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Registered from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ritu Devi
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhawana Verma
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shahnawaz Hussain
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Palak Arora
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Rubeena Tabassum
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Suphla Gupta
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Faculty, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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A NAC transcriptional factor BrNAC029 is involved in cytokinin-delayed leaf senescence in postharvest Chinese flowering cabbage. Food Chem 2023; 404:134657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li H, Liu H, Hao C, Li T, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zheng J, Zhang X. The auxin response factor TaARF15-A1 negatively regulates senescence in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1254-1271. [PMID: 36282536 PMCID: PMC9922429 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays an important role in regulating leaf senescence. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are crucial components of the auxin signaling pathway; however, their roles in leaf senescence in cereal crops are unknown. In this study, we identified TaARF15-A1 as a negative regulator of senescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by analyzing TaARF15-A1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9-based arf15 mutants. OE of TaARF15-A1 delayed senescence, whereas knockdown lines and knockout mutants showed accelerated leaf senescence and grain ripening. RNA-seq analysis revealed that TaARF15-A1 delays leaf senescence by negatively regulating senescence-promoting processes and positively modulating senescence-delaying genes including senescence-associated phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism genes as well as transcription factors (TFs). We also demonstrated that TaARF15-A1 physically interacts with TaMYC2, a core jasmonic acid (JA) signaling TF that positively modulates wheat senescence. Furthermore, TaARF15-A1 suppressed the expression of TaNAM-1 (TaNAM-A1 and TaNAM-D1) via protein-protein interaction and competition with TaMYC2 for binding to its promoter to regulate senescence. Finally, we identified two haplotypes of TaARF15-A1 in global wheat collections. Association analysis revealed that TaARF15-A1-HapI has undergone strong selection during wheat breeding in China, likely owing to its earlier maturity. Thus, we identify TaARF15-A1 as a negative regulator of senescence in common wheat and present another perspective on the crosstalk between auxin and JA signaling pathways in regulating plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang T, Sun Z, Wang S, Feng S, Wang R, Zhu C, Zhong L, Cheng Y, Bao M, Zhang F. DcWRKY33 promotes petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by activating genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and abscisic acid and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:698-715. [PMID: 36564995 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most famous and ethylene-sensitive cut flowers worldwide, but how ethylene interacts with other plant hormones and factors to regulate petal senescence in carnation is largely unknown. Here we found that a gene encoding WRKY family transcription factor, DcWRKY33, was significantly upregulated upon ethylene treatment. Silencing and overexpression of DcWRKY33 could delay and accelerate the senescence of carnation petals, respectively. Abscisic acid (ABA) and H2 O2 treatments could also accelerate the senescence of carnation petals by inducing the expression of DcWRKY33. Further, DcWRKY33 can bind directly to the promoters of ethylene biosynthesis genes (DcACS1 and DcACO1), ABA biosynthesis genes (DcNCED2 and DcNCED5), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation gene DcRBOHB to activate their expression. Lastly, relationships are existed between ethylene, ABA and ROS. This study elucidated that DcWRKY33 promotes petal senescence by activating genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA and accumulation of ROS in carnation, supporting the development of new strategies to prolong the vase life of cut carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Liu T, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang D, Liu J, He M, Chen M, Guo Y. Brassica napus Transcription Factor Bna.A07.WRKY70 Negatively Regulates Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:347. [PMID: 36679059 PMCID: PMC9867431 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is essential for storage properties and crop productivity. WRKY transcription factors have been revealed to play crucial roles in several biological processes during plant growth and development, especially in leaf senescence. However, the functions of Brassica napus WRKY transcription factors in leaf senescence remain unclear. In the present study, Bna.A07.WRKY70, one paralogue of Brassica napus WRKY70, was cloned from the B. napus cultivar "Zhongshuang11 (ZS11)". We found that Bna.A07.WRKY70 contains a highly conserved WRKY domain and is most closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY70. The subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation assays indicated that Bna.A07.WRKY70 functions as a transcription factor. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and promoter-GUS analysis showed that Bna.A07.WRKY70 is predominantly expressed in the leaves of B. napus and rosette leaves of A. thaliana. In addition, our results demonstrated that ectopic expression of Bna.A07.WRKY70 in A. thaliana wrky70 mutants could restore the senescence phenotypes to wild-type levels. Consistently, the expression levels of three senescence-related marker genes of wrky70 mutants were restored to wild-type levels by ectopic expression of Bna.A07.WRKY70. These findings improve our understanding of the function of Bna.A07.WRKY70 in B. napus and provide a novel strategy for breeding the new stay-green cultivars in rapeseed through genetic manipulation.
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Jia C, Guo B, Wang B, Li X, Yang T, Li N, Wang J, Yu Q. The LEA gene family in tomato and its wild relatives: genome-wide identification, structural characterization, expression profiling, and role of SlLEA6 in drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:596. [PMID: 36536303 PMCID: PMC9762057 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are widely distributed in higher plants and play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development processes and resisting abiotic stress. Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop worldwide; however, its growth, development, yield, and quality are currently severely constrained by abiotic stressors. In contrast, wild tomato species are more tolerant to abiotic stress and can grow normally in extreme environments. The main objective of this study was to identify, characterize, and perform gene expression analysis of LEA protein families from cultivated and wild tomato species to mine candidate genes and determine their potential role in abiotic stress tolerance in tomatoes. RESULTS Total 60, 69, 65, and 60 LEA genes were identified in S. lycopersicum, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Solanum pennellii, and Solanum lycopersicoides, respectively. Characterization results showed that these genes could be divided into eight clusters, with the LEA_2 cluster having the most members. Most LEA genes had few introns and were non-randomly distributed on chromosomes; the promoter regions contained numerous cis-acting regulatory elements related to abiotic stress tolerance and phytohormone responses. Evolutionary analysis showed that LEA genes were highly conserved and that the segmental duplication event played an important role in evolution of the LEA gene family. Transcription and expression pattern analyses revealed different regulatory patterns of LEA genes between cultivated and wild tomato species under normal conditions. Certain S. lycopersicum LEA (SlLEA) genes showed similar expression patterns and played specific roles under different abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. Gene ontology and protein interaction analyses showed that most LEA genes acted in response to abiotic stimuli and water deficit. Five SlLEA proteins were found to interact with 11 S. lycopersicum WRKY proteins involved in development or resistance to stress. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlLEA6 affected the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species defense systems, increased the degree of cellular damage, and reduced drought resistance in S. lycopersicum. CONCLUSION These findings provide comprehensive information on LEA proteins in cultivated and wild tomato species and their possible functions under different abiotic and phytohormone stresses. The study systematically broadens our current understanding of LEA proteins and candidate genes and provides a theoretical basis for future functional studies aimed at improving stress resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Jia
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China.
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
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Xu H, Wang S, Larkin RM, Zhang F. The transcription factors DcHB30 and DcWRKY75 antagonistically regulate ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7326-7343. [PMID: 36107792 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous transcription factors with antagonistic activities have been shown to contribute to growth and development, whether and how they regulate senescence in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of antagonistic transcription factors in petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), one of the most common types of ethylene-sensitive cut flowers produced worldwide. We identified DcHB30 that encodes a ZF-HD transcription factor that is down-regulated in ethylene-treated petal transcriptomes. We found that silencing DcHB30 accelerated ethylene-induced petal senescence and that DcHB30 physically interacts with DcWRKY75, a positive regulator of ethylene-induced petal senescence. Phenotypic characterization and molecular evidence indicated that DcHB30 and DcWRKY75 competitively regulate the expression of their co-targeted genes DcACS1, DcACO1, DcSAG12, and DcSAG29 by reciprocally inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of each other on the gene promoters. This transcriptional regulation mechanism demonstrates that these transcription factors serve as positive and negative regulators in ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation. Thus, our study provides insights into how antagonizing transcription factors regulate plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wen B, Gong X, Chen X, Tan Q, Li L, Wu H. Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes involved in nitrogen deficiency stress in apples. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153822. [PMID: 36244263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the macroelements required for plant growth and development and the identification of candidate genes involved in nitrogen deficiency stress is of great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture. Here, we found that the color of apple leaves changed from dark green to yellow-green, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein content, and proline content significantly increased, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased in response to nitrate deficiency stress. According to the physiological and biochemical changes of apple leaves during nitrate deficiency stress, nitrogen deficiency stress was divided into two stages: early nitrogen deficiency stage (ES) and late nitrogen deficiency stage (LS). Transcriptome sequencing was performed in these two stress stages. 5773 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the early nitrogen deficiency stress stage and 6130 DEGs were identified in the late nitrogen deficiency stress stage. Functional analysis of these DEGs revealed that a large number of DEGs were enriched in 'porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolic' pathways, the 'photosynthesis' pathway, the 'photosynthesis-antenna protein' pathway, and the 'ABA', 'ETH', and 'JA' signal transduction pathways, and the metabolic networks of these pathways were constructed. In addition, overexpression of MdNAC4 weakened the tolerance of apple calli to nitrogen deficiency stress. Taken together, our results reveal possible pathways for apple adaptation to nitrogen deficiency stress and identify the function of MdNAC4, a key transcription factor regulating nitrogen deficiency stress, which enriches the molecular mechanism of apple adapting to a nitrogen deficiency environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Xingyao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Xiude Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Qiuping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Hongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
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The CRK5 and WRKY53 Are Conditional Regulators of Senescence and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223558. [PMID: 36428987 PMCID: PMC9688832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large group of membrane-localized proteins which perceive external stimuli and transduce the signal into the cell. Previous reports based on their loss-of-function phenotypes and expression profile support their role in many developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Our study revealed that one member of this family, CRK5, acts as a negative regulator of leaf aging. Enrichment of the CRK5 promoter region in W-box cis-elements demonstrated that WRKY transcription factors control it. We observed significantly enhanced WRKY53 expression in crk5 and reversion of its early-senescence phenotype in the crk5 wrky53 line, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these proteins antagonistically regulating chlorophyll a and b contents. Yeast-two hybrid assay showed further that CRK5 interacts with several proteins involved in response to water deprivation or calcium signaling, while gas exchange analysis revealed a positive effect of CRK5 on water use efficiency. Consistent with that, the crk5 plants showed disturbed foliar temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress. These traits were fully or partially reverted to wild-type phenotype in crk5 wrky53 double mutant. Obtained results suggest that WRKY53 and CRK5 are antagonistic regulators of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation, senescence, and stomatal conductance.
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Zhang Z, Liu Z, Li S, Xiong T, Ye F, Han Y, Sun M, Cao J, Luo T, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhang W, Lian S, Yuan H. Effect of prior drought and heat stress on Camellia sinensis transcriptome changes to Ectropis oblique (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) resistance. Genomics 2022; 114:110506. [PMID: 36265745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants are continuously confronted with a wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors in the field, which can occur concurrently or sequentially. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms in responses to such individual and combined stresses, we used RNAseq to compare the temporal changes in the transcriptome of Camellia sinensis to Ectropis oblique Prout alone or in combination with exposure to drought and heat. Compared with the individual stress, tea plants exhibit significant differences in transcriptome profiles under the combined stresses. Additionally, many unique genes exhibited significant differences in expression in individual and combined stress conditions. Our research showed novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of E. oblique Prout resistance in tea plants and provided a valuable resource for developing tea varieties with broad spectrum stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
| | - Zixiao Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Shuangru Li
- Shandong Academy of Sciences Yida Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Shangdong, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanting Han
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Mengke Sun
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Tian Luo
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Shuaibin Lian
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
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Wang Z, Gao M, Li Y, Zhang J, Su H, Cao M, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhao B, Guo YD, Zhang N. The transcription factor SlWRKY37 positively regulates jasmonic acid- and dark-induced leaf senescence in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6207-6225. [PMID: 35696674 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Initiation and progression of leaf senescence are triggered by various environmental stressors and phytohormones. Jasmonic acid (JA) and darkness accelerate leaf senescence in plants. However, the mechanisms that integrate these two factors to initiate and regulate leaf senescence have not been identified. Here, we report a transcriptional regulatory module centred on a novel tomato WRKY transcription factor, SlWRKY37, responsible for both JA- and dark-induced leaf senescence. The expression of SlWRKY37, together with SlMYC2, encoding a master transcription factor in JA signalling, was significantly induced by both methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and dark treatments. SlMYC2 binds directly to the promoter of SlWRKY37 to activate its expression. Knock out of SlWRKY37 inhibited JA- and dark-induced leaf senescence. Transcriptome analysis and biochemical experiments revealed SlWRKY53 and SlSGR1 (S. lycopersicum senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 1) as direct transcriptional targets of SlWRKY37 to control leaf senescence. Moreover, SlWRKY37 interacted with a VQ motif-containing protein SlVQ7, and the interaction improved the stability of SlWRKY37 and the transcriptional activation of downstream target genes. Our results reveal the physiological and molecular functions of SlWRKY37 in leaf senescence, and offer a target gene to retard leaf yellowing by reducing sensitivity to external senescence signals, such as JA and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziji Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- School of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
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Orf I, Tenenboim H, Omranian N, Nikoloski Z, Fernie AR, Lisec J, Brotman Y, Bromke MA. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of a Pseudomonas-Resistant versus a Susceptible Arabidopsis Accession. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012087. [PMID: 36292941 PMCID: PMC9603445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessions of one plant species may show significantly different levels of susceptibility to stresses. The Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col-0 and C24 differ significantly in their resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). To help unravel the underlying mechanisms contributing to this naturally occurring variance in resistance to Pst, we analyzed changes in transcripts and compounds from primary and secondary metabolism of Col-0 and C24 at different time points after infection with Pst. Our results show that the differences in the resistance of Col-0 and C24 mainly involve mechanisms of salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance, while responses of jasmonic-acid-dependent mechanisms are shared between the two accessions. In addition, arginine metabolism and differential activity of the biosynthesis pathways of aliphatic glucosinolates and indole glucosinolates may also contribute to the resistance. Thus, this study highlights the difference in the defense response strategies utilized by different genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Orf
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Hezi Tenenboim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Lisec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mariusz A. Bromke
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (M.A.B.)
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Guo X, Ullah A, Siuta D, Kukfisz B, Iqbal S. Role of WRKY Transcription Factors in Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses in Cotton. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091410. [PMID: 36143446 PMCID: PMC9504182 DOI: 10.3390/life12091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are the major constraints in sustainable agriculture. WRKY proteins are a large family of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate various developmental processes and stress responses in plants, including cotton. On the basis of Gossypium raimondii genome sequencing, WRKY TFs have been identified in cotton and characterized for their functions in abiotic stress responses. WRKY members of cotton play a significant role in the regulation of abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, salt, and extreme temperatures. These TFs either activate or repress various signaling pathways such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. WRKY-associated genes in cotton have been genetically engineered in Arabidopsis, Nicotiana, and Gossypium successfully, which subsequently enhanced tolerance in corresponding plants against abiotic stresses. Although a few review reports are available for WRKY TFs, there is no critical report available on the WRKY TFs of cotton. Hereby, the role of cotton WRKY TFs in environmental stress responses is studied to enhance the understanding of abiotic stress response and further improve in cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Botany, Post Graduate College Dargai, Malakand 23060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (A.U.)
| | - Dorota Siuta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska Str. 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Kukfisz
- Faculty of Security Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shehzad Iqbal
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Alabd A, Ahmad M, Zhang X, Gao Y, Peng L, Zhang L, Ni J, Bai S, Teng Y. Light-responsive transcription factor PpWRKY44 induces anthocyanin accumulation by regulating PpMYB10 expression in pear. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac199. [PMID: 37180030 PMCID: PMC10167416 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a valuable source of antioxidants in the human diet and contribute to fruit coloration. In red-skinned pears, anthocyanin biosynthesis can be induced by light, in which the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex plays a critically important role in transcriptional regulation. However, knowledge of WRKY-mediated transcriptional regulation of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis is scarce in red pears. This work identified and functionally characterized a light-inducing WRKY transcription factor, PpWRKY44, in pear. Functional analysis based on overexpressed pear calli showed that PpWRKY44 promoted anthocyanin accumulation. Also, transiently overexpressed PpWRKY44 in pear leaves and fruit peels significantly enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin, whereas silencing PpWRKY44 in pear fruit peels impaired induction of the accumulation of anthocyanin by light. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay coupled to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that PpWRKY44 bound in vivo and in vitro to the PpMYB10 promoter, revealing it as a direct downstream target gene. Moreover, PpWRKY44 was activated by PpBBX18, a light signal transduction pathway component. Our results explained the mechanism mediating the impacts of PpWRKY44 on the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin accumulation, with potential implications for fine-tuning the fruit peel coloration triggered by light in red pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alabd
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Mudassar Ahmad
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin Peng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
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Astigueta FH, Baigorria AH, García MN, Delfosse VC, González SA, Pérez de la Torre MC, Moschen S, Lia VV, Heinz RA, Fernández P, Trupkin SA. Characterization and expression analysis of WRKY genes during leaf and corolla senescence of Petunia hybrida plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1765-1784. [PMID: 36387973 PMCID: PMC9636358 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several families of transcription factors (TFs) control the progression of senescence. Many key TFs belonging to the WRKY family have been described to play crucial roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about senescence-associated WRKY members in floricultural species. Delay of senescence in leaves and petals of Petunia hybrida, a worldwide ornamental crop are highly appreciated traits. In this work, starting from 28 differentially expressed WRKY genes of A. thaliana during the progression of leaf senescence, we identified the orthologous in P. hybrida and explored the expression profiles of 20 PhWRKY genes during the progression of natural (age-related) leaf and corolla senescence as well as in the corollas of flowers undergoing pollination-induced senescence. Simultaneous visualization showed consistent and similar expression profiles of PhWRKYs during natural leaf and corolla senescence, although weak expression changes were observed during pollination-induced senescence. Comparable expression trends between PhWRKYs and the corresponding genes of A. thaliana were observed during leaf senescence, although more divergence was found in petals of pollinated petunia flowers. Integration of expression data with phylogenetics, conserved motif and cis-regulatory element analyses were used to establish a list of candidates that could regulate more than one senescence process. Our results suggest that several members of the WRKY family of TFs are tightly linked to the regulation of senescence in P. hybrida. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01243-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco H. Astigueta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Amilcar H. Baigorria
- Escuela de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Martín N. García
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas Y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Verónica C. Delfosse
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sergio A. González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C. Pérez de la Torre
- Instituto de Floricultura, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sebastián Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, 4142 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Verónica V. Lia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas Y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth A. Heinz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas Y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Paula Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas Y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Santiago A. Trupkin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de
Buenos Aires, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Floricultura, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires Argentina
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Bo C, Cai R, Fang X, Wu H, Ma Z, Yuan H, Cheng B, Fan J, Ma Q. Transcription factor ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 to repress expression of ZmbZIP111 for salt tolerance in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1660-1675. [PMID: 35861696 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop worldwide. However, its yield and quality are adversely affected by salt stress resulting from soil hypersalinity. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of stress responses is of vital importance to increase maize seed production. In the present study, we screened ethyl methanesulfonate-induced maize mutants and identified a salt-tolerant mutant. A single base was mutated in ZmWRKY20, leading to the formation of a truncated protein variant. A detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that this mutant had significantly higher resistance to wilting and lower reactive oxygen species levels than the inbred line B73. ZmWRKY20 showed transcriptional activity in yeast and specifically bound W-boxes according to the results of our yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual-luciferase assays. Overexpression of ZmWRKY20 decreased salt tolerance in maize. Transcriptome profiling revealed that ZmWRKY20 overexpression extensively reprogrammed genes involved in regulating defense and oxidation-reduction responses. The results substantiate that ZmWRKY20 is directly targeted to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) motif in the transcription factor ZmbZIP111. It was also verified that ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 and both proteins act jointly to enhance ZmbZIP111 repression. The results indicate that the ZmWRKY20 and ZmWRKY115 transcription factors interact in the nucleus, leading to repression of ZmbZIP111 expression by directly binding its promoter, and increase the sensitivity of maize seedlings to salt stress. The current study improves our understanding of the complicated responses of maize to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bo
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ronghao Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiu Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhongxian Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haotian Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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48
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Chen W, Huang B. Cytokinin or ethylene regulation of heat-induced leaf senescence involving transcriptional modulation of WRKY in perennial ryegrass. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13766. [PMID: 36053893 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a major abiotic stress for temperate plant species with characteristic symptoms of premature leaf senescence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physiological effects of cytokinins (CK) and an ethylene inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on heat-induced leaf senescence in the temperate perennial grass species, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and to investigate whether WRKY transcription factors (TFs) could be associated with CK- or ethylene-mediated regulation of heat-induced leaf senescence by exogenously applying CK or AVG to perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass plants foliar-sprayed with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and AVG exhibited prolonged stay-green phenotypes and a lesser degree of leaf senescence under heat stress (35/30°C), as shown by a decline in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide content, and increased chlorophyll (Chl) content along with reduced activities of Chl-degrading enzymes (pheophytinase and chlorophyllase) and increased activity of Chl-synthesizing enzyme (porphobilinogen deaminase) due to 6-BA or AVG application. The suppression of heat-induced leaf senescence by 6-BA or AVG treatment corresponded with the upregulation of LpWRKY69 and LpWRKY70. The LpWRKY69 and LpWRKY70 promoters were predicted to share conserved cis-elements potentially recognized by TFs in the CK or ethylene pathways. These results indicate that LpWRKY69 and LpWRKY70 may negatively regulate heat-induced leaf senescence through CK or ethylene pathways, conferring heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Barros JAS, Cavalcanti JHF, Pimentel KG, Medeiros DB, Silva JCF, Condori-Apfata JA, Lapidot-Cohen T, Brotman Y, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Avin-Wittenberg T, Araújo WL. The significance of WRKY45 transcription factor in metabolic adjustments during dark-induced leaf senescence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2682-2695. [PMID: 35818668 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental changes that affect their performance. Metabolic adjustments are crucial to controlling energy homoeostasis and plant survival, particularly during stress. Under carbon starvation, coordinated reprogramming is initiated to adjust metabolic processes, which culminate in premature senescence. Notwithstanding, the regulatory networks that modulate transcriptional control during low energy remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the WRKY45 transcription factor is highly induced during both developmental and dark-induced senescence. The overexpression of Arabidopsis WRKY45 resulted in an early senescence phenotype characterized by a reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll levels in the later stages of darkness. The detailed metabolic characterization showed significant changes in amino acids coupled with the accumulation of organic acids in WRKY45 overexpression lines during dark-induced senescence. Furthermore, the markedly upregulation of alternative oxidase (AOX1a, AOX1d) and electron transfer flavoprotein/ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) genes suggested that WRKY45 is associated with a dysregulation of mitochondrial signalling and the activation of alternative respiration rather than amino acids catabolism regulation. Collectively our results provided evidence that WRKY45 is involved in the plant metabolic reprogramming following carbon starvation and highlight the potential role of WRKY45 in the modulation of mitochondrial signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Karla G Pimentel
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - José C F Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taly Lapidot-Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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50
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Molecular Aspects of MicroRNAs and Phytohormonal Signaling in Response to Drought Stress: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3695-3710. [PMID: 36005149 PMCID: PMC9406886 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in plant growth and development in response to environmental stresses. However, plant hormones require a complex signaling network combined with other signaling pathways to perform their proper functions. Thus, multiple phytohormonal signaling pathways are a prerequisite for understanding plant defense mechanism against stressful conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression and are also influenced by a wide range of plant development events by suppressing their target genes. In recent decades, the mechanisms of phytohormone biosynthesis, signaling, pathways of miRNA biosynthesis and regulation were profoundly characterized. Recent findings have shown that miRNAs and plant hormones are integrated with the regulation of environmental stress. miRNAs target several components of phytohormone pathways, and plant hormones also regulate the expression of miRNAs or their target genes inversely. In this article, recent developments related to molecular linkages between miRNAs and phytohormones were reviewed, focusing on drought stress.
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