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Li J, Chen Y, Wang L, Li D, Liu L, Li M. An ethylene response factor AcERF116 identified from A. catechu is involved in fruitlet abscission. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112091. [PMID: 38615719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Procedural abscission of outer reproductive organs during flower and fruit development occurs in most plant lineages. Undesired abscission, such as fruitlet shedding causes considerable yield loss in many fruit-producing species. Ethylene is one of the key factors regulating organ abscission. However, the participants involved in the ethylene-mediated abscission pathway remains largely unidentified. In this study, we focused on the ethylene response transcription factors (ERFs) regulating fruitlet abscission in an industrial tree species, A. catechu. A total of 165 ERF genes have been found in the A. catechu genome and eight of these showed distinct expression between the "about-to-abscise" and "non-abscised" samples. An AcERF116 gene with high expression level in the fruit abscission zone (FAZ) was selected for further study. Overexpression of the AcERF116 gene accelerated cell separation in the abscission zone (AZ) and promoted pedicel abscission in transgenic tomato lines. The PG (ploygalacturonase) activity was enhanced in the FAZs of A. catechu fruitlets during ethylene-induced fruitlet abscission, while the PME (pectin methylesterase) activity was suppressed. In addition, cytosolic alkalization was observed in the AZs during abscission in both tomato and A. catechu. Our results suggest that AcERF116 plays a critical role in the crosstalk of ethylene and fruitlet abscission in A. catechu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, PR China
| | - Yunche Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Linkai Wang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, PR China
| | - Dongxia Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, PR China.
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China.
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Yu H, Luo Y, Cao N, Wang S, Zhou Z, Hu W. Drought-induced cell wall degradation in the base of pedicel is associated with accelerated cotton square shedding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108894. [PMID: 38954946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Drought significantly impacts cotton square (flower buds with bracts) shedding, directly affecting yield. To address the internal physiological mechanisms of drought affecting cotton square shedding, a polyethylene glycol-simulated drought study was conducted with Dexiamian 1 and Yuzaomian 9110 to investigate cell wall degradation changes in the base of pedicel where the detachment of cotton square takes place, and its relationship with cotton square shedding. Results revealed significant decreases in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin contents in the base of square pedicel, leading to cell wall degradation and consequent square shedding. Furthermore, drought stress exacerbated the hydrolysis of cellulose and pectin in the base of pedicel, although not hemicellulose, resulting in more noticeable alterations in the morphology and structure of the base of pedicel, such as more significant degradation in the epidermis, cortex, and phloem. Regarding the cellulose hydrolysis, drought mainly increased the expression of genes β-glucosidase (GhBG1) and endoglucanase (GhEG1), and the activity of β-glucosidase and endoglucanase in the base of pedicel, promoting the conversion of cellulose to cellobiose, and eventually glucose. Regarding the pectin hydrolysis, drought significantly enhanced the expression of the gene pectin methylase (GhPE1), thereby accelerating pectin hydrolysis to generate polygalacturonic acid. Additionally, drought increased the expression of genes pectin lyase (GhPL1) and polygalacturonase (GhPG1), as well as the activity of pectin lyase, which further accelerated the hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid into galacturonic acid. These findings suggest that drought mainly promotes cellulose and pectin hydrolysis in the base of pedicel, hastening cell wall degradation and final cotton square shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Luo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang Province, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Lei P, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Ji X, Ma L, Jin G, Li J, Zhang S, Kong D, Zhao X, Meng F. Functions of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Cold, Drought, Salt, and Iron Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10692-10709. [PMID: 38712500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses including cold, drought, salt, and iron deficiency severely impair plant development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Several bodies of research have shed light on the pleiotropic functions of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) proteins in plant responses to these abiotic stresses. In this review, we mention the regulatory roles of bHLH TFs in response to stresses such as cold, drought, salt resistance, and iron deficiency, as well as in enhancing grain yield in plants, especially crops. The bHLH proteins bind to E/G-box motifs in the target promoter and interact with various other factors to form a complex regulatory network. Through this network, they cooperatively activate or repress the transcription of downstream genes, thereby regulating various stress responses. Finally, we present some perspectives for future research focusing on the molecular mechanisms that integrate and coordinate these abiotic stresses. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yaxuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, China
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ximei Ji
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Subin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Dutta AK, Sultana MM, Tanaka A, Suzuki T, Hachiya T, Nakagawa T. Expression analysis of genes encoding extracellular leucine-rich repeat proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:154-167. [PMID: 38040489 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins have been identified in diverse species, including plants. The diverse intracellular and extracellular LRR variants are responsible for numerous biological processes. We analyzed the expression patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana extracellular LRR (AtExLRR) genes, 10 receptor-like proteins, and 4 additional genes expressing the LRR-containing protein by a promoter: β-glucuronidase (GUS) study. According to in silico expression studies, several AtExLRR genes were expressed in a tissue- or stage-specific and abiotic/hormone stress-responsive manner, indicating their potential participation in specific biological processes. Based on the promoter: GUS assay, AtExLRRs were expressed in different cells and organs. A quantitative real-time PCR investigation revealed that the expressions of AtExLRR3 and AtExLRR9 were distinct under various abiotic stress conditions. This study investigated the potential roles of extracellular LRR proteins in plant growth, development, and response to various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Momtaz Sultana
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ai Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Science of Natural Environment Systems Course, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Li J, Chen Y, Zhou G, Li M. Phytohormones and candidate genes synergistically regulate fruitlet abscission in Areca catechu L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:537. [PMID: 37919647 PMCID: PMC10623784 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit population of most plants is under the control of a process named "physiological drop" to selectively abort some developing fruitlets. However, frequent fruitlet abscission severely restricts the yield of Areca catechu. To reveal the physiological and molecular variations in this process, we detected the variation of phytohormone levels in abscised and non-abscised fruitlets in A. catechu. RESULTS The levels of gibberellin acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid and zeatin were elevated, while the indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-carboxaldehyde levels were declined in the "about-to-abscise" part (AB) of abscission zone (AZ) compared to the "non-abscised" part (CK). Then the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AB and CK were screened based on transcriptome data. DEGs involved in phytohormone synthesis, response and transportation were identified as key genes. Genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, degradation, loosening and modification, and critical processes during fruit abscission were identified as role players. In addition, genes encoding transcription factors, such as NAC, ERF, WRKY, MADS and Zinc Finger proteins, showed differentially expressed patterns between AB and CK, were also identified as candidates. CONCLUSIONS These results unraveled a phytohormone signaling cross talk and key genes involved in the fruitlet abscission process in A. catechu. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for fruitlet abscission in A. catechu, but also identified many candidate genes or potential molecular markers for further breeding of fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, China
| | - Yunche Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, China
| | - Guangzhen Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, P. R. China.
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Liang B, Wan S, Ma Q, Yang L, Hu W, Kuang L, Xie J, Huang Y, Liu D, Liu Y. A Novel bHLH Transcription Factor PtrbHLH66 from Trifoliate Orange Positively Regulates Plant Drought Tolerance by Mediating Root Growth and ROS Scavenging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315053. [PMID: 36499381 PMCID: PMC9740576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought limits citrus yield and fruit quality worldwide. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in plant response to drought stress. However, few bHLH TFs related to drought response have been functionally characterized in citrus. In this study, a bHLH family gene, named PtrbHLH66, was cloned from trifoliate orange. PtrbHLH66 contained a highly conserved bHLH domain and was clustered closely with bHLH66 homologs from other plant species. PtrbHLH66 was localized to the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity. The expression of PtrbHLH66 was significantly induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Ectopic expression of PtrbHLH66 promoted the seed germination and root growth, increased the proline and ABA contents and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, but reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under drought stress, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. In contrast, silencing the PtrbHLH66 homolog in lemon plants showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, under drought stress, the transcript levels of 15 genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, ROS scavenging and drought response were obviously upregulated in PtrbHLH66 ectopic-expressing Arabidopsis but downregulated in PtrbHLH66 homolog silencing lemon. Thus, our results suggested that PtrbHLH66 acted as a positive regulator of plant drought resistance by regulating root growth and ROS scavenging.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Yan S, Sun X, Liu H, Cheng B, Xu X, Wei Z, Zhang G. A multifaceted comparison between the fruit-abscission and fruit-retention cultivars in ornamental crabapple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1013263. [PMID: 36212288 PMCID: PMC9535355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1013263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ornamental crabapple is a multipurpose landscaping tree that bears brilliant fruit throughout the winter. However, whether or not its fruit persists after maturation is specifically correlated to cultivar characteristics. In this work, we screened two different types that display fruit-retention ("Donald Wyman," "Red Jewel," and "Sugar Tyme") and fruit-abscission ("Radiant" and "Flame") in Northern China across the whole winter using multi-year successional records. Fruit-abscission was determined predominantly by the abscission zone established at the base of the pedicel, regardless of fruit size and pedicel length, according to the results of the comparative research. The primary physiological rationale was the accumulation of hydrolases activity (pectinesterase, cellulase, polygalacturonase, and β-glucosidase). Comparative transcriptomics further identified a number of upregulated DEGs involved in the synthesis pathways of canonical phytohormones, such as ethylene, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinin, as well as 12 transcription factors linked in downstream signaling in fruit-abscission cultivars. Finally, a model incorporating multi-layered modulation was proposed for the fruit abscission of ornamental crabapple. This study will serve as the foundation for the development of fruit-viewing crabapples that have an extended ornamental lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Institute of Grassland Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Yan
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Hebei Forest City Construction Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Institute of Grassland Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Grassland Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Cheng
- College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zunzheng Wei
- Institute of Grassland Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Meir S, Philosoph‐Hadas S, Salim S, Segev A, Riov J. Reevaluation of ethylene role in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e444. [PMID: 36091878 PMCID: PMC9444853 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It was previously reported that cauline leaf abscission in Arabidopsis is induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, which is regulated by the complex of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), HAESA (HAE), and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) kinases. However, the involvement of ethylene in this process was ruled out. Because this conclusion contradicts the well-established role of ethylene in organ abscission induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, our present study was aimed to reevaluate the possible involvement of ethylene in this process. For this purpose, we examined the endogenous ethylene production during water stress and following rewatering, as well as the effects of exogenous ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on cauline leaf abscission of Arabidopsis wild type. Additionally, we examined whether this stress induces cauline leaf abscission in ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants. The results of the present study demonstrated that ethylene production rates increased significantly in cauline leaves at 4 h after rewatering of stressed plants and remained high for at least 24 h in plants water-stressed to 40 and 30% of system weight. Ethylene treatment applied to well-watered plants induced cauline leaf abscission, which was inhibited by 1-MCP. Cauline leaf abscission was also inhibited by 1-MCP applied during a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Finally, no abscission occurred in two ethylene-insensitive mutants, ein2-1 and ein2-5, following a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering. Our results show that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering, similar to leaf abscission in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Sonia Philosoph‐Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Adi Segev
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Shi H, Hu H, Yi L, Hou J. Time-course transcriptome and WGCNA analysis revealed the drought response mechanism of two sunflower inbred lines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265447. [PMID: 35363798 PMCID: PMC8974994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stress factors limiting crop yields. Although sunflower is considered a moderate drought-tolerant plant, drought stress still has a negative impact on sunflower yield as cultivation expands into arid regions. The extent of drought stress is varieties and time-dependent, however, the molecular response mechanisms of drought tolerance in sunflower with different varieties are still unclear. Here, we performed comparative physiological and transcriptome analyses on two sunflower inbred lines with different drought tolerance at the seedling stage. The analysis of nine physiological and biochemical indicators showed that the leaf surface area, leaf relative water content, and cell membrane integrity of drought tolerance inbred line were higher than those of drought-sensitive inbred line under drought stress, indicating that DT had stronger drought resistance. Transcriptome analyses identified 24,234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in gibberellin metabolism and rRNA processing, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in cell-wall, photosynthesis, and terpene metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis showed genes related to GABAergic synapse, ribosome biogenesis were up-regulated, while genes related with amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis were down-regulated. Mapman analysis revealed differences in plant hormone-signaling genes over time and between samples. A total of 1,311 unique putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified from all DEGs by iTAK, among which the high abundance of transcription factor families include bHLH, AP2/ERF, MYB, C2H2, etc. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed a total of 2,251 genes belonging to two modules(blue 4, lightslateblue), respectively, which were significantly associated with six traits. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these genes was performed, followed by visualization with Cytoscape software, and the top 20 Hub genes were screened using the CytoHubba plugin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liuxi Yi
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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10
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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Riov J, Kochanek B, Salim S, Reid MS, Meir S. Role of the KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX protein (KD1) in regulating abscission of tomato flower pedicels at early and late stages of the process. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2103-2118. [PMID: 34545591 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX PROTEIN1 (KD1) gene is highly expressed in flower and leaf abscission zones (AZs), and KD1 was reported to regulate tomato flower pedicel abscission via alteration of the auxin gradient and response in the flower AZ (FAZ). The present work was aimed to further examine how KD1 regulates signaling factors and regulatory genes involved in pedicel abscission, by using silenced KD1 lines and performing a large-scale transcriptome profiling of the FAZ before and after flower removal, using a customized AZ-specific microarray. The results highlighted a differential expression of regulatory genes in the FAZ of KD1-silenced plants compared to the wild-type. In the TAPG4::antisense KD1-silenced plants, KD1 gene expression decreased before flower removal, resulting in altered expression of regulatory genes, such as epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors, posttranslational regulators, and antioxidative defense factors occurring at zero time and before affecting auxin levels in the FAZ detected at 4 h after flower removal. The expression of additional regulatory genes was altered in the FAZ of KD1-silenced plants at 4-20 h after flower removal, thereby leading to an inhibited abscission phenotype, and downregulation of genes involved in abscission execution and defense processes. Our data suggest that KD1 is a master regulator of the abscission process, which promotes abscission of tomato flower pedicels. This suggestion is based on the inhibitory effect of KD1 silencing on flower pedicel abscission that operates via alteration of various regulatory pathways, which delay the competence acquisition of the FAZ cells to respond to ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
- Department of Horticulture, Neelakudi Campus, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, India
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Michael S Reid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
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11
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Romero P, Lafuente MT, Alferez F. Differential Transcriptomic Regulation in Sweet Orange Fruit ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Following Dehydration and Rehydration Conditions Leading to Peel Damage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732821. [PMID: 34531889 PMCID: PMC8438417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is the most important environmental agent that contributes to the crop productivity and quality losses globally. In citrus, water stress is the main driver of the fruit peel disorders that impact the quality and market ability. An increasingly present post-harvest peel disorder is non-chilling peel pitting (NCPP). Non-chilling peel pitting is manifested as collapsed areas of flavedo randomly scattered on the fruit and its incidence increases due to abrupt increases in the environmental relative humidity (RH) during post-harvest fruit manipulation. In this study, we have used a custom-made cDNA microarray containing 44k unigenes from Citrus sinensis (L. Osbeck), covering for the first time the whole genome from this species, to study transcriptomic responses of mature citrus fruit to water stress. In the study, the global gene expression profiles of flavedo from Navelate oranges subjected to severe water stress are compared with those fruits subjected to rehydration stress provoked by changes in the RH during post-harvest, which enhances the development of NCPP. The study results show that NCPP is a complex physiological process that shares molecular responses with those from prolonged dehydration in fruit, but the damage associated with NCPP may be explained by unique features of rehydration stress at the molecular level, such as membrane disorganization, cell wall modification, and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Romero
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Lafuente
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Alferez
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Immokalee, FL, United States
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12
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Xu YY, Liu SR, Gan ZM, Zeng RF, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. High-Density Genetic Map Construction and Identification of QTLs Controlling Leaf Abscission Trait in Poncirus trifoliata. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115723. [PMID: 34072027 PMCID: PMC8198561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-density genetic linkage map is essential for genetic and genomic studies including QTL mapping, genome assembly, and comparative genomic analysis. Here, we constructed a citrus high-density linkage map using SSR and SNP markers, which are evenly distributed across the citrus genome. The integrated linkage map contains 4163 markers with an average distance of 1.12 cM. The female and male linkage maps contain 1478 and 2976 markers with genetic lengths of 1093.90 cM and 1227.03 cM, respectively. Meanwhile, a genetic map comparison demonstrates that the linear order of common markers is highly conserved between the clementine mandarin and Poncirus trifoliata. Based on this high-density integrated citrus genetic map and two years of deciduous phenotypic data, two loci conferring leaf abscission phenotypic variation were detected on scaffold 1 (including 36 genes) and scaffold 8 (including 107 genes) using association analysis. Moreover, the expression patterns of 30 candidate genes were investigated under cold stress conditions because cold temperature is closely linked with the deciduous trait. The developed high-density genetic map will facilitate QTL mapping and genomic studies, and the localization of the leaf abscission deciduous trait will be valuable for understanding the mechanism of this deciduous trait and citrus breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.Z.); (C.-G.H.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-2010 (J.-Z.Z. & C.-G.H.)
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.Z.); (C.-G.H.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-2010 (J.-Z.Z. & C.-G.H.)
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13
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Fooyontphanich K, Morcillo F, Joët T, Dussert S, Serret J, Collin M, Amblard P, Tangphatsornruang S, Roongsattham P, Jantasuriyarat C, Verdeil JL, Tranbarger TJ. Multi-scale comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and metabolic reprogramming processes associated with oil palm fruit abscission. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33573592 PMCID: PMC7879690 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abscission depends on cell separation that occurs within specialized cell layers that constitute an abscission zone (AZ). To determine the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) compared with other abscission systems, we performed multi-scale comparative transcriptome analyses on fruit targeting the developing primary AZ and adjacent tissues. RESULTS Combining between-tissue developmental comparisons with exogenous ethylene treatments, and naturally occurring abscission in the field, RNAseq analysis revealed a robust core set of 168 genes with differentially regulated expression, spatially associated with the ripe fruit AZ, and temporally restricted to the abscission timing. The expression of a set of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR in the fruit AZ of a natural oil palm variant with blocked fruit abscission, which provides evidence for their functions during abscission. Our results substantiate the conservation of gene function between dicot dry fruit dehiscence and monocot fleshy fruit abscission. The study also revealed major metabolic transitions occur in the AZ during abscission, including key senescence marker genes and transcriptional regulators, in addition to genes involved in nutrient recycling and reallocation, alternative routes for energy supply and adaptation to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The study provides the first reference transcriptome of a monocot fleshy fruit abscission zone and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying abscission by identifying key genes with functional roles and processes, including metabolic transitions, cell wall modifications, signalling, stress adaptations and transcriptional regulation, that occur during ripe fruit abscission of the monocot oil palm. The transcriptome data comprises an original reference and resource useful towards understanding the evolutionary basis of this fundamental plant process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fooyontphanich
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Grow A Green Co, Ltd. 556 Maha Chakraphat Rd. Namaung, Chachoengsao, Chachoengsao Province, 24000, Thailand
| | - Fabienne Morcillo
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, DIADE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Serret
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Collin
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Roongsattham
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkhen Campus, 50 Phahonyothin Road Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Timothy J Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, IRD Centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Yao GQ, Li FP, Nie ZF, Bi MH, Jiang H, Liu XD, Wei Y, Fang XW. Ethylene, not ABA, is closely linked to the recovery of gas exchange after drought in four Caragana species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:399-411. [PMID: 33131059 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a cyclical phenomenon in natural environments. During dehydration, stomatal closure is mainly regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dynamics that limit transpiration in seed plants, but following rehydration, the mechanism of gas exchange recovery is still not clear. In this study, leaf water potential (ψleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), foliar ABA level, ethylene emission rate in response to dehydration and rehydration were investigated in four Caragana species with isohydric (Caragana spinosa and C. pruinosa) and anisohydric (C. intermedia and C. microphylla) traits. Two isohydric species with ABA-induced stomatal closure exhibited more sensitive gs and Kleaf to decreasing ψleaf than two anisohydric species which exhibited a switch from ABA to water potential-driven stomatal closure during dehydration. Following rehydration, the recovery of gas exchange was not associated with a decrease in ABA level but was strongly limited by the degradation of the ethylene emission rate in all species. Furthermore, two anisohydric species with low drought-induced ethylene production exhibited more rapid recovery in gas exchange upon rehydration. Our results indicated that ethylene is a key factor regulating the drought-recovery ability in terms of gas exchange, which may shape species adaptation to drought and potential species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Expression Kinetics of Regulatory Genes Involved in the Vesicle Trafficking Processes Operating in Tomato Flower Abscission Zone Cells during Pedicel Abscission. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110273. [PMID: 33172002 PMCID: PMC7694662 DOI: 10.3390/life10110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The abscission process occurs in a specific abscission zone (AZ) as a consequence of the middle lamella dissolution, cell wall degradation, and formation of a defense layer. The proteins and metabolites related to these processes are secreted by vesicle trafficking through the plasma membrane to the cell wall and middle lamella of the separating cells in the AZ. We investigated this process, since the regulation of vesicle trafficking in abscission systems is poorly understood. The data obtained describe, for the first time, the kinetics of the upregulated expression of genes encoding the components involved in vesicle trafficking, occurring specifically in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower AZ (FAZ) during pedicel abscission induced by flower removal. The genes encoding vesicle trafficking components included soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), SNARE regulators, and small GTPases. Our results clearly show how the processes of protein secretion by vesicle trafficking are regulated, programmed, and orchestrated at the level of gene expression in the FAZ. The data provide evidence for target proteins, which can be further used for affinity purification of plant vesicles in their natural state. Such analyses and dissection of the complex vesicle trafficking networks are essential for further elucidating the mechanism of organ abscission.
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16
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Agustí J, Blázquez MA. Plant vascular development: mechanisms and environmental regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3711-3728. [PMID: 32193607 PMCID: PMC11105054 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant vascular development is a complex process culminating in the generation of xylem and phloem, the plant transporting conduits. Xylem and phloem arise from specialized stem cells collectively termed (pro)cambium. Once developed, xylem transports mainly water and mineral nutrients and phloem transports photoassimilates and signaling molecules. In the past few years, major advances have been made to characterize the molecular, genetic and physiological aspects that govern vascular development. However, less is known about how the environment re-shapes the process, which molecular mechanisms link environmental inputs with developmental outputs, which gene regulatory networks facilitate the genetic adaptation of vascular development to environmental niches, or how the first vascular cells appeared as an evolutionary innovation. In this review, we (1) summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in vascular development, focusing on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, (2) describe the anatomical effect of specific environmental factors on the process, (3) speculate about the main entry points through which the molecular mechanisms controlling of the process might be altered by specific environmental factors, and (4) discuss future research which could identify the genetic factors underlying phenotypic plasticity of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Agustí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Jin D, Wang X, Xu Y, Gui H, Zhang H, Dong Q, Sikder RK, Yang G, Song M. Chemical Defoliant Promotes Leaf Abscission by Altering ROS Metabolism and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082738. [PMID: 32326540 PMCID: PMC7215509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical defoliation is an important part of cotton mechanical harvesting, which can effectively reduce the impurity content. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is the most used chemical defoliant on cotton. To better clarify the mechanism of TDZ promoting cotton leaf abscission, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on two cotton cultivars (CRI 12 and CRI 49) by using 100 mg L−1 TDZ at the eight-true-leaf stage. Results showed that TDZ significantly promoted the formation of leaf abscission zone and leaf abscission. Although the antioxidant enzyme activities were improved, the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of TDZ increased significantly compared with CK (water). The photosynthesis system was destroyed as net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased dramatically by TDZ. Furthermore, comparative RNA-seq analysis of the leaves showed that all of the photosynthetic related genes were downregulated and the oxidation-reduction process participated in leaf shedding caused by TDZ. Consequently, a hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between ROS metabolism and photosynthesis jointly regulating cotton leaf abscission is proposed. Our findings not only provide important insights into leaf shedding-associated changes induced by TDZ in cotton, but also highlight the possibility that the ROS and photosynthesis may play a critical role in the organ shedding process in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsha Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Huiping Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ripon Kumar Sikder
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562308 (M.S.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562308 (M.S.)
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18
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Qian Y, Zhang S, Yao S, Xia J, Li Y, Dai X, Wang W, Jiang X, Liu Y, Li M, Gao L, Xia T. Effects of vitro sucrose on quality components of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) based on transcriptomic and metabolic analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:121. [PMID: 29914362 PMCID: PMC6007066 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] can produce one of the three most widely popular non-alcoholic beverages throughout the world. Polyphenols and volatiles are the main functional ingredients determining tea's quality and flavor; however, the biotic or abiotic factors affecting tea polyphenol biosynthesis are unclear. This paper focuses on the molecular mechanisms of sucrose on polyphenol biosynthesis and volatile composition variation in tea plants. RESULTS Metabolic analysis showed that the total content of anthocyanins, catechins, and proanthocyanidins(PAs) increased with sucrose, and they accumulated most significantly after 14 days of treatment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 8384 and 5571 differentially expressed genes in 2-day and 14-day sucrose-treated tea plants compared with control-treated plants. Most of the structural genes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in polyphenol biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated after 2d. Among these transcripts, the predicted genes encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST), ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters (MATE transporters) appeared up regulated. Correspondingly, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) analysis revealed that the content of non-galloylated catechins and oligomeric PAs decreased in the upper-stem and increased in the lower-stem significantly, especially catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), and their oligomeric PAs. This result suggests that the related flavonoids were transported downward in the stem by transporters. GC/MS data implied that four types of volatile compounds, namely terpene derivatives, aromatic derivatives, lipid derivatives, and others, were accumulated differently after in vitro sucrose treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that sucrose regulates polyphenol biosynthesis in Camellia sinensis by altering the expression of transcription factor genes and pathway genes. Additionally, sucrose promotes the transport of polyphenols and changes the aroma composition in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49 Middle Bianhe Rd, Suzhou, 234000 Anhui China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Shengbo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Jinxin Xia
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Xinlong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Mingzhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Rd, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
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19
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Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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20
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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Riov J, Mugasimangalam R, Kochanek B, Salim S, Reid MS, Meir S. The Tomato Hybrid Proline-rich Protein regulates the abscission zone competence to respond to ethylene signals. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:28. [PMID: 29872533 PMCID: PMC5981600 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Tomato Hybrid Proline-rich Protein (THyPRP) gene was specifically expressed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower abscission zone (FAZ), and its stable antisense silencing under the control of an abscission zone (AZ)-specific promoter, Tomato Abscission Polygalacturonase4, significantly inhibited tomato pedicel abscission following flower removal. For understanding the THyPRP role in regulating pedicel abscission, a transcriptomic analysis of the FAZ of THyPRP-silenced plants was performed, using a newly developed AZ-specific tomato microarray chip. Decreased expression of THyPRP in the silenced plants was already observed before abscission induction, resulting in FAZ-specific altered gene expression of transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, post-translational regulators, and transporters. Our data demonstrate that the effect of THyPRP silencing on pedicel abscission was not mediated by its effect on auxin balance, but by decreased ethylene biosynthesis and response. Additionally, THyPRP silencing revealed new players, which were demonstrated for the first time to be involved in regulating pedicel abscission processes. These include: gibberellin perception, Ca2+-Calmodulin signaling, Serpins and Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier proteins involved in post-translational modifications, Synthaxin and SNARE-like proteins, which participate in exocytosis, a process necessary for cell separation. These changes, occurring in the silenced plants early after flower removal, inhibited and/or delayed the acquisition of the competence of the FAZ cells to respond to ethylene signaling. Our results suggest that THyPRP acts as a master regulator of flower abscission in tomato, predominantly by playing a role in the regulation of the FAZ cell competence to respond to ethylene signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Present Address: Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Crops Pathology & Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA USA
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raja Mugasimangalam
- Department of Bioinformatics, QTLomics Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Betina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
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Lin F, Williams BJ, Thangella PAV, Ladak A, Schepmoes AA, Olivos HJ, Zhao K, Callister SJ, Bartley LE. Proteomics Coupled with Metabolite and Cell Wall Profiling Reveal Metabolic Processes of a Developing Rice Stem Internode. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1134. [PMID: 28751896 PMCID: PMC5507963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Internodes of grass stems function in mechanical support, transport, and, in some species, are a major sink organ for carbon in the form of cell wall polymers. This study reports cell wall composition, proteomic, and metabolite analyses of the rice elongating internode. Cellulose, lignin, and xylose increase as a percentage of cell wall material along eight segments of the second rice internode (internode II) at booting stage, from the younger to the older internode segments, indicating active cell wall synthesis. Liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of trypsin-digested proteins from this internode at booting reveals 2,547 proteins with at least two unique peptides in two biological replicates. The dataset includes many glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases, glycosyl hydrolases, cell wall-localized proteins, and protein kinases that have or may have functions in cell wall biosynthesis or remodeling. Phospho-enrichment of internode II peptides identified 21 unique phosphopeptides belonging to 20 phosphoproteins including a leucine rich repeat-III family receptor like kinase. GO over-representation and KEGG pathway analyses highlight the abundances of proteins involved in biosynthetic processes, especially the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. LC-MS/MS of hot methanol-extracted secondary metabolites from internode II at four stages (booting/elongation, early mature, mature, and post mature) indicates that internode secondary metabolites are distinct from those of roots and leaves, and differ across stem maturation. This work fills a void of in-depth proteomics and metabolomics data for grass stems, specifically for rice, and provides baseline knowledge for more detailed studies of cell wall synthesis and other biological processes characteristic of internode development, toward improving grass agronomic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
| | | | | | - Adam Ladak
- Waters CorporationBeverly, MA, United States
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland, WA, United States
| | | | - Kangmei Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
| | - Stephen J. Callister
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland, WA, United States
| | - Laura E. Bartley
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
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22
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Merelo P, Agustí J, Arbona V, Costa ML, Estornell LH, Gómez-Cadenas A, Coimbra S, Gómez MD, Pérez-Amador MA, Domingo C, Talón M, Tadeo FR. Cell Wall Remodeling in Abscission Zone Cells during Ethylene-Promoted Fruit Abscission in Citrus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:126. [PMID: 28228766 PMCID: PMC5296326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is a cell separation process by which plants can shed organs such as fruits, leaves, or flowers. The process takes place in specific locations termed abscission zones. In fruit crops like citrus, fruit abscission represents a high percentage of annual yield losses. Thus, understanding the molecular regulation of abscission is of capital relevance to control production. To identify genes preferentially expressed within the citrus fruit abscission zone (AZ-C), we performed a comparative transcriptomics assay at the cell type resolution level between the AZ-C and adjacent fruit rind cells (non-abscising tissue) during ethylene-promoted abscission. Our strategy combined laser microdissection with microarray analysis. Cell wall modification-related gene families displayed prominent representation in the AZ-C. Phylogenetic analyses of such gene families revealed a link between phylogenetic proximity and expression pattern during abscission suggesting highly conserved roles for specific members of these families in abscission. Our transcriptomic data was validated with (and strongly supported by) a parallel approach consisting on anatomical, histochemical and biochemical analyses on the AZ-C during fruit abscission. Our work identifies genes potentially involved in organ abscission and provides relevant data for future biotechnology approaches aimed at controlling such crucial process for citrus yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Merelo
- Centre de Genòmica, Institut Valencià d' AgràriesValència, Spain
| | - Javier Agustí
- Centre de Genòmica, Institut Valencià d' AgràriesValència, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Centre de Genòmica, Institut Valencià d' AgràriesValència, Spain
| | - Mário L. Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | | | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume ICastelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Silvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - María D. Gómez
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Acción Hormonal en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Amador
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Acción Hormonal en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Concha Domingo
- Centre de Genòmica, Institut Valencià d' AgràriesValència, Spain
| | - Manuel Talón
- Centre de Genòmica, Institut Valencià d' AgràriesValència, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centre de Genòmica, Institut Valencià d' AgràriesValència, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco R. Tadeo
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Patharkar OR, Walker JC. Core Mechanisms Regulating Developmentally Timed and Environmentally Triggered Abscission. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:510-20. [PMID: 27468996 PMCID: PMC5074626 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought-triggered abscission is a strategy used by plants to avoid the full consequences of drought; however, it is poorly understood at the molecular genetic level. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) can be used to elucidate the pathway controlling drought-triggered leaf shedding. We further show that much of the pathway regulating developmentally timed floral organ abscission is conserved in regulating drought-triggered leaf abscission. Gene expression of HAESA (HAE) and INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) is induced in cauline leaf abscission zones when the leaves become wilted in response to limited water and HAE continues to accumulate in the leaf abscission zones through the abscission process. The genes that encode HAE/HAESA-LIKE2, IDA, NEVERSHED, and MAPK KINASE4 and 5 are all necessary for drought-induced leaf abscission. Our findings offer a molecular mechanism explaining drought-triggered leaf abscission. Furthermore, the ability to study leaf abscission in Arabidopsis opens up a new avenue to tease apart mechanisms involved in abscission that have been difficult to separate from flower development as well as for understanding the mechanistic role of water and turgor pressure in abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rahul Patharkar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - John C Walker
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Li M, Liang Z, Zeng Y, Jing Y, Wu K, Liang J, He S, Wang G, Mo Z, Tan F, Li S, Wang L. De novo analysis of transcriptome reveals genes associated with leaf abscission in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:195. [PMID: 26946183 PMCID: PMC4779555 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important sugar crop which belongs to the grass family and can be used for fuel ethanol production. The growing demands for sugar and biofuel is asking for breeding a sugarcane variety that can shed their leaves during the maturity time due to the increasing cost on sugarcane harvest. Results To determine leaf abscission related genes in sugarcane, we generated 524,328,950 paired reads with RNA-Seq and profiled the transcriptome of new born leaves of leaf abscission sugarcane varieties (Q1 and T) and leaf packaging sugarcane varieties (Q2 and B). Initially, 275,018 transcripts were assembled with N50 of 1,177 bp. Next, the transcriptome was annotated by mapping them to NR, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway databases. Further, we used TransDecoder and Trinotate to obtain the likely proteins and annotate them in terms of known proteins, protein domains, signal peptides, transmembrane regions and rRNA transcripts. Different expression analysis showed 1,202 transcripts were up regulated in leaf abscission sugarcane varieties, relatively to the leaf packaging sugarcane varieties. Functional analysis told us 62, 38 and 10 upregulated transcripts were involved in plant-pathogen interaction, response to stress and abscisic acid associated pathways, respectively. The upregulation of transcripts encoding 4 disease resistance proteins (RPM1, RPP13, RGA2, and RGA4), 6 ABC transporter G family members and 16 transcription factors including WRK33 and heat stress transcription factors indicate they may be used as candidate genes for sugarcane breeding. The expression levels of transcripts were validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, we characterized 3,722 SNPs between leaf abscission and leaf packaging sugarcane plants. Conclusion Our results showed leaf abscission associated genes in sugarcane during the maturity period. The output of this study provides a valuable resource for future genetic and genomic studies in sugarcane. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2552-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaoxu Liang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Jing
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Kaichao Wu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Shanshan He
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Zhanghong Mo
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Fang Tan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Song Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
| | - Lunwang Wang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, P.R. China.
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Abstract
Abscission is the process by which plants shed unwanted organs, either as part of a natural developmental program or in response to environmental stimuli. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have elucidated a number of the genetic components that regulate abscission of floral organs, including a pair of related receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA and HAESA-like 2 (HAE/HSL2) that regulate a MAP kinase cascade that is required for abscission. HAE is transcriptionally up-regulated in the floral abscission zone just before cell separation. Here, we identify AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15; a MADS-domain transcription factor) as a putative regulator of HAE expression. Overexpression of AGL15 results in decreased expression of HAE as well as a delayed abscission phenotype. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that AGL15 binds the HAE promoter in floral receptacles. AGL15 is then differentially phosphorylated through development in floral receptacles in a MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4/5-dependent manner. MAP kinase phosphorylation of AGL15 is necessary for full HAE expression, thus completing a positive feedback loop controlling HAE expression. Together, the network components in this positive feedback loop constitute an emergent property that regulates the large dynamic range of gene expression (27-fold increase in HAE) observed in flowers when the abscission program is initiated. This study helps define the mechanisms and regulatory networks involved in a receptor-mediated signaling pathway that controls floral organ abscission.
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26
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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Riov J, Mugasimangalam R, Kuravadi NA, Kochanek B, Salim S, Tucker ML, Meir S. De novo Transcriptome Sequencing and Development of Abscission Zone-Specific Microarray as a New Molecular Tool for Analysis of Tomato Organ Abscission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1258. [PMID: 26834766 PMCID: PMC4712312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abscission of flower pedicels and leaf petioles of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) can be induced by flower removal or leaf deblading, respectively, which leads to auxin depletion, resulting in increased sensitivity of the abscission zone (AZ) to ethylene. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of abscission competence and its modulation by auxin gradients are not yet known. We used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to obtain a comprehensive transcriptome of tomato flower AZ (FAZ) and leaf AZ (LAZ) during abscission. RNA-Seq was performed on a pool of total RNA extracted from tomato FAZ and LAZ, at different abscission stages, followed by de novo assembly. The assembled clusters contained transcripts that are already known in the Solanaceae (SOL) genomics and NCBI databases, and over 8823 identified novel tomato transcripts of varying sizes. An AZ-specific microarray, encompassing the novel transcripts identified in this study and all known transcripts from the SOL genomics and NCBI databases, was constructed to study the abscission process. Multiple probes for longer genes and key AZ-specific genes, including antisense probes for all transcripts, make this array a unique tool for studying abscission with a comprehensive set of transcripts, and for mining for naturally occurring antisense transcripts. We focused on comparing the global transcriptomes generated from the FAZ and the LAZ to establish the divergences and similarities in their transcriptional networks, and particularly to characterize the processes and transcriptional regulators enriched in gene clusters that are differentially regulated in these two AZs. This study is the first attempt to analyze the global gene expression in different AZs in tomato by combining the RNA-Seq technique with oligonucleotide microarrays. Our AZ-specific microarray chip provides a cost-effective approach for expression profiling and robust analysis of multiple samples in a rapid succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet-Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Raja Mugasimangalam
- Department of Bioinformatics, QTLomics Technologies Pvt. LtdBangalore, India
| | - Nagesh A. Kuravadi
- Department of Bioinformatics, QTLomics Technologies Pvt. LtdBangalore, India
| | - Bettina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Mark L. Tucker
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceBeltsville, MD, USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet-Dagan, Israel
- *Correspondence: Shimon Meir
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Hvoslef-Eide AK, Munster CM, Mathiesen CA, Ayeh KO, Melby TI, Rasolomanana P, Lee Y. Primary and Secondary Abscission in Pisum sativum and Euphorbia pulcherrima-How Do They Compare and How Do They Differ? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1204. [PMID: 26858724 PMCID: PMC4726753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is a highly regulated and coordinated developmental process in plants. It is important to understand the processes leading up to the event, in order to better control abscission in crop plants. This has the potential to reduce yield losses in the field and increase the ornamental value of flowers and potted plants. A reliable method of abscission induction in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) flowers has been established to study the process in a comprehensive manner. By correctly decapitating buds of the third order, abscission can be induced in 1 week. AFLP differential display (DD) was used to search for genes regulating abscission. Through validation using qRT-PCR, more information of the genes involved during induced secondary abscission have been obtained. A study using two pea (Pisum sativum) mutants in the def (Developmental funiculus) gene, which was compared with wild type peas (tall and dwarf in both cases) was performed. The def mutant results in a deformed, abscission-less zone instead of normal primary abscission at the funiculus. RNA in situ hybridization studies using gene sequences from the poinsettia differential display, resulted in six genes differentially expressed for abscission specific genes in both poinsettia and pea. Two of these genes are associated with gene up- or down-regulation during the first 2 days after decapitation in poinsettia. Present and previous results in poinsettia (biochemically and gene expressions), enables a more detailed division of the secondary abscission phases in poinsettia than what has previously been described from primary abscission in Arabidopsis. This study compares the inducible secondary abscission in poinsettia and the non-abscising mutants/wild types in pea demonstrating primary abscission zones. The results may have wide implications on the understanding of abscission, since pea and poinsettia have been separated for 94-98 million years in evolution, hence any genes or processes in common are bound to be widespread in the plant kingdom.
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Zhang JZ, Zhao K, Ai XY, Hu CG. Involvements of PCD and changes in gene expression profile during self-pruning of spring shoots in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:892. [PMID: 25308090 PMCID: PMC4209071 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citrus shoot tips abscise at an anatomically distinct abscission zone (AZ) that separates the top part of the shoots into basal and apical portions (citrus self-pruning). Cell separation occurs only at the AZ, which suggests its cells have distinctive molecular regulation. Although several studies have looked into the morphological aspects of self-pruning process, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Results In this study, the hallmarks of programmed cell death (PCD) were identified by TUNEL experiments, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and histochemical staining for reactive oxygen species (ROS) during self-pruning of the spring shoots in sweet orange. Our results indicated that PCD occurred systematically and progressively and may play an important role in the control of self-pruning of citrus. Microarray analysis was used to examine transcriptome changes at three stages of self-pruning, and 1,378 differentially expressed genes were identified. Some genes were related to PCD, while others were associated with cell wall biosynthesis or metabolism. These results strongly suggest that abscission layers activate both catabolic and anabolic wall modification pathways during the self-pruning process. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between self-pruning and the expression of hormone-related genes. Self-pruning plays an important role in citrus floral bud initiation. Therefore, several key flowering homologs of Arabidopsis and tomato shoot apical meristem (SAM) activity genes were investigated in sweet orange by real-time PCR and in situ hybridization, and the results indicated that these genes were preferentially expressed in SAM as well as axillary meristem. Conclusion Based on these findings, a model for sweet orange spring shoot self-pruning is proposed, which will enable us to better understand the mechanism of self-pruning and abscission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-892) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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