1
|
Otegui MS, Steelheart C, Ma W, Ma J, Kang BH, De Medina Hernandez VS, Dagdas Y, Gao C, Goto-Yamada S, Oikawa K, Nishimura M. Vacuolar degradation of plant organelles. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3036-3056. [PMID: 38657116 PMCID: PMC11371181 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plants continuously remodel and degrade their organelles due to damage from their metabolic activities and environmental stressors, as well as an integral part of their cell differentiation programs. Whereas certain organelles use local hydrolytic enzymes for limited remodeling, most of the pathways that control the partial or complete dismantling of organelles rely on vacuolar degradation. Specifically, selective autophagic pathways play a crucial role in recognizing and sorting plant organelle cargo for vacuolar clearance, especially under cellular stress conditions induced by factors like heat, drought, and damaging light. In these short reviews, we discuss the mechanisms that control the vacuolar degradation of chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and peroxisomes, with an emphasis on autophagy, recently discovered selective autophagy receptors for plant organelles, and crosstalk with other catabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Charlotte Steelheart
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wenlong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shino Goto-Yamada
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Antonietta M, Martinez D, Guiamet JJ. Delayed senescence and crop performance under stress: always a functional couple? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4244-4257. [PMID: 38635775 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to abiotic stresses accelerates leaf senescence in most crop plant species, thereby reducing photosynthesis and other assimilatory processes. In some cases, genotypes with delayed leaf senescence (i.e. 'stay-green') show stress resistance, particularly in cases of water deficit, and this has led to the proposal that senescence delay improves crop performance under some abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the evidence for increased resistance to abiotic stress, mostly water deficit, in genotypes with delayed senescence, and specifically focus on the physiological mechanisms and agronomic conditions under which the stay-green trait may ameliorate grain yield under stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Martinez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-UNLP, Argentina
| | - Juan J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-UNLP, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kleuter M, Yu Y, Pancaldi F, Nagtzaam M, van der Goot AJ, Trindade LM. Cell wall as a barrier for protein extraction from tomato leaves: A biochemical study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108495. [PMID: 38452451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) leaves and stems are considered waste. Valorization of this waste can be achieved by for example the extraction of proteins. This prospect is promising but currently not feasible, since protein extraction yields from tomato leaves are low, amongst other due to the (physical) barrier formed by the plant cell walls. However, the molecular aspects of the relationship between cell wall properties and protein extractability from tomato leaves are currently not clear and thus objective of this study. To fill this knowledge gap the biochemical composition of plant cell walls was measured and related to protein extraction yields at different plant ages, leaf positions, and across different tomato accessions, including two Solanum lycopersicum cultivars and the wildtype species S. pimpinellifolium and S. pennellii. For all genotypes, protein extraction yields from tomato leaves were the highest in young tissues, with a decreasing trend towards older plant material. This decrease of protein extraction yield was accompanied by a significant increase of arabinose and galacturonic acid content and a decrease of galactose content in the cell walls of old-vs-young tissues. This resulted in strong negative correlations between protein extraction yield and the content of arabinose and galacturonic acid in the cell wall, and a positive correlation between the content of galactose and protein extraction yield. Overall, these results point to the importance of the pectin network on protein extractability, making pectin a potential breeding target for enhancing protein extractability from tomato leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietheres Kleuter
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yafei Yu
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Pancaldi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mayra Nagtzaam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Atze Jan van der Goot
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang G, Chen T, Fan TT, Lin XY, Cui YQ, Dong WC, An LZ, Zhang H. Cathepsin B degrades RbcL during freezing-induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:81. [PMID: 38418607 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Cathepsin B plays an important role that degrades the Rubisco large subunit RbcL in freezing stress. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been well documented in both development and in response to environmental stresses in plants, however, PCD induced by freezing stress and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized freezing-induced PCD and explored its mechanisms in Arabidopsis. PCD induced by freezing stress was similar to that induced by other stresses and senescence in Arabidopsis plants with cold acclimation. Inhibitor treatment assays and immunoblotting indicated that cathepsin B mainly contributed to increased caspase-3-like activity during freezing-induced PCD. Cathepsin B was involved in freezing-induced PCD and degraded the large subunit, RbcL, of Rubisco. Our results demonstrate an essential regulatory mechanism of cathepsin B for Rubisco degradation in freezing-induced PCD, improving our understanding of freezing-induced cell death and nitrogen and carbohydrate remobilisation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ting-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei-Chao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhe An
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan T, Liu Y, Hu X, Li P, Lin C, Tang Y, Tang W, Liu Y, Guo L, Kim C, Fang J, Lin H, Wu Z, Blumwald E, Wang S. Stress-induced endocytosis from chloroplast inner envelope membrane is mediated by CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION but inhibited by GAPC. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113208. [PMID: 37792531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated vesicular formation and trafficking are responsible for molecular cargo transport and signal transduction among organelles. Our previous study shows that CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV)-containing vesicles (CVVs) are generated from chloroplasts for chloroplast degradation under abiotic stress. Here, we show that CV interacts with the clathrin heavy chain (CHC) and induces vesicle budding toward the cytosol from the chloroplast inner envelope membrane. In the defective mutants of CHC2 and the dynamin-encoding DRP1A, CVV budding and releasing from chloroplast are impeded. The mutations of CHC2 inhibit CV-induced chloroplast degradation and hypersensitivity to water stress. Moreover, CV-CHC2 interaction is impaired by the oxidized GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPC). GAPC1 overexpression suppresses CV-mediated chloroplast degradation and hypersensitivity to water stress, while CV silencing alleviates the hypersensitivity of the gapc1gapc2 plant to water stress. Together, our work identifies a pathway of clathrin-assisted CVV budding outward from chloroplast, which is involved in chloroplast degradation and stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangxuan Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xufan Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Lin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuying Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Songhu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng M, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhu S, Wang G. Preharvest Application of Sodium Nitroprusside Alleviates Yellowing of Chinese Flowering Cabbage via Modulating Chlorophyll Metabolism and Suppressing ROS Accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37290404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chinese flowering cabbage is prone to senescence and yellowing after harvest, leading to a huge postharvest loss. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional plant growth regulator, but the effect of preharvest application of NO on the storage quality of Chinese flowering cabbage remains unclear. Preharvest application of 50 mg L-1 sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) to the roots obviously reduced leaf yellowing in Chinese flowering cabbage during storage. Proteomic analysis reveals 198 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in SNP-treated plants compared to the control. The main DEPs were significantly enriched in chlorophyll metabolisms, phenylpropanoid synthesis, and antioxidant pathways. SNP treatment enhanced chlorophyll biosynthesis and suppressed chlorophyll-degradation-related proteins and genes. It also modulated flavonoid-biosynthesis-related genes, and 21 significantly regulated flavonoids were identified in SNP-treated plants. The enhanced antioxidant capacity in SNP-treated plants was able to decrease chlorophyll catabolism by inhibiting peroxidase-mediated chlorophyll bleaching. Collectively, preharvest SNP treatment modulated chlorophyll metabolism and preserved chlorophyll content in leaves during storage. Moreover, SNP treatment enhanced flavonoid synthesis, suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation, and delayed the senescence process, thereby maintaining leaf greening in Chinese flowering cabbage. These findings highlight the role of exogenous NO in alleviating yellowing of leafy vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuosheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shijiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh AA, Pillay P, Naicker P, Alexandre K, Malatji K, Mach L, Steinkellner H, Vorster J, Chikwamba R, Tsekoa TL. Transient proteolysis reduction of Nicotiana benthamiana-produced CAP256 broadly neutralizing antibodies using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953654. [PMID: 36061808 PMCID: PMC9433777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response is elicited by Agrobacterium infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana, including the induction and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, such as proteases. This includes the induction of the expression of several cysteine proteases from the C1 (papain-like cysteine protease) and C13 (legumain-like cysteine protease) families. This study demonstrates the role of cysteine proteases: NbVPE-1a, NbVPE-1b, and NbCysP6 in the proteolytic degradation of Nicotiana benthamiana (glycosylation mutant ΔXTFT)-produced anti-human immunodeficiency virus broadly neutralizing antibody, CAP256-VRC26.25. Three putative cysteine protease cleavage sites were identified in the fragment crystallizable region. We further demonstrate the transient coexpression of CAP256-VRC26.25 with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing vectors targeting the NbVPE-1a, NbVPE-1b, and NbCysP6 genes which resulted in a decrease in CAP256-VRC26.25 degradation. No differences in structural features were observed between the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)-produced and ΔXTFT broadly neutralizing antibodies produced with and without the coexpression of genome-editing vectors. Furthermore, despite the presence of proteolytically degraded fragments of plant-produced CAP256-VRC26.25 without the coexpression of genome editing vectors, no influence on the in vitro functional activity was detected. Collectively, we demonstrate an innovative in planta strategy for improving the quality of the CAP256 antibodies through the transient expression of the CRISPR/Cas9 vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Advaita Acarya Singh
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Priyen Pillay
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Previn Naicker
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kabamba Alexandre
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kanyane Malatji
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel Chikwamba
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tsepo L. Tsekoa
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lan W, Zheng S, Yang P, Qiu Y, Xu Y, Miao Y. Establishment of a Landscape of UPL5-Ubiquitinated on Multiple Subcellular Components of Leaf Senescence Cell in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5754. [PMID: 35628561 PMCID: PMC9145402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Catabolism of macromolecules is a major event in senescent cells, especially involving proteolysis of organelles and abnormally aggregated proteins, circulation of nutrients, and precise control of intracellular environmental balance. Proteasomes are distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, proteasomes in organelles are limited. In this study, multi-omics proteomic analyses of ubiquitinated proteins enriched by using antibody against "di-Gly-Lys" via a free labeling were used to investigate the global changes of protein levels and ubiquitination modification levels of upl5 mutant relative to wild-type plant; subcellular localization analysis of UPL5 was found to be located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plastid within the cell; and the direct lysine site patterns of UPL5 were screened by the H89R substitution in the tagged ubiquitinated assay. It suggests that UPL5 acting as a candidate of organelle E3 ligase either in the nucleus or cytoplasm or plastid modifies numerous targets related to nuclear transcription and plastid photosynthesis involving in Ca2+ and hormone signaling pathway in plant senescence and in response to (a)biotic stress protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (W.L.); (S.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.Q.); (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang G, Peng M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhu S. Preharvest Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Delays Leaf Senescence of Chinese Flowering Cabbage During Storage by Reducing Water Loss and Activating Antioxidant Defense System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856646. [PMID: 35432398 PMCID: PMC9009452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf yellowing, an indicator of senescence, reduces commercial value of Chinese flowering cabbage after harvest. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a dual role in mediating plant stress responses, but it is not clear whether and how it affects leaf senescence when exogenously stimulating the plants before harvest. Here, we found that preharvest application with low concentrations of H2O2 to root delays leaf senescence. Around 10 mM H2O2 reduced leaf yellowing rate by 8.2 and 26.4% relative to the control following 4 and 8 days storage, respectively. The H2O2-treated cabbages showed higher chlorophyll and lower relative expression of senescence-associated gene (SAG) BrSAG12 than the control. Proteomic analysis revealed 118 and 204 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in H2O2-treated plants at 4 and 8 days of storage, respectively. The main DEPs are involved in chlorophyll degradation and synthesis, water deprivation, antioxidant activity, and protections on chloroplast membranes. Decline of water loss in H2O2-treated cabbages was coincide with increase of proline contents and modulation of leaf stomatal aperture. Alleviation of oxidative stress was indicated by suppression of respiratory burst oxidase homolog and upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging-related genes. These results were also supported by the alleviation of lipid peroxidation and the protections on cell integrity and photochemical efficiency in H2O2-treated group. Collectively, preharvest H2O2 treatment alleviates water loss and activates antioxidant defense system, protects chloroplast membrane from oxidative damage, and ultimately delays leaf senescence during storage. This study provides novel insights into the roles of H2O2 for regulating leaf senescence of Chinese flowering cabbage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu F, Alseekh S, Koper K, Tong H, Nikoloski Z, Naake T, Liu H, Yan J, Brotman Y, Wen W, Maeda H, Cheng Y, Fernie AR. Genome-wide association of the metabolic shifts underpinning dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:557-578. [PMID: 34623442 PMCID: PMC8774053 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dark-induced senescence provokes profound metabolic shifts to recycle nutrients and to guarantee plant survival. To date, research on these processes has largely focused on characterizing mutants deficient in individual pathways. Here, we adopted a time-resolved genome-wide association-based approach to characterize dark-induced senescence by evaluating the photochemical efficiency and content of primary and lipid metabolites at the beginning, or after 3 or 6 days in darkness. We discovered six patterns of metabolic shifts and identified 215 associations with 81 candidate genes being involved in this process. Among these associations, we validated the roles of four genes associated with glycine, galactinol, threonine, and ornithine levels. We also demonstrated the function of threonine and galactinol catabolism during dark-induced senescence. Intriguingly, we determined that the association between tyrosine contents and TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE 1 influences enzyme activity of the encoded protein and transcriptional activity of the gene under normal and dark conditions, respectively. Moreover, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting the expression of THREONINE ALDOLASE 1 and the amino acid transporter gene AVT1B, respectively, only underlie the variation in threonine and glycine levels in the dark. Taken together, these results allow us to present a very detailed model of the metabolic aspects of dark-induced senescence, as well as the process itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Kaan Koper
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hao Tong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas Naake
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Haijun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Domínguez F, Cejudo FJ. Chloroplast dismantling in leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5905-5918. [PMID: 33959761 PMCID: PMC8760853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic plant cells, chloroplasts act as factories of metabolic intermediates that support plant growth. Chloroplast performance is highly influenced by environmental cues. Thus, these organelles have the additional function of sensing ever changing environmental conditions, thereby playing a key role in harmonizing the growth and development of different organs and in plant acclimation to the environment. Moreover, chloroplasts constitute an excellent source of metabolic intermediates that are remobilized to sink tissues during senescence so that chloroplast dismantling is a tightly regulated process that plays a key role in plant development. Stressful environmental conditions enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chloroplasts, which may lead to oxidative stress causing damage to the organelle. These environmental conditions trigger mechanisms that allow the rapid dismantling of damaged chloroplasts, which is crucial to avoid deleterious effects of toxic by-products of the degradative process. In this review, we discuss the effect of redox homeostasis and ROS generation in the process of chloroplast dismantling. Furthermore, we summarize the structural and biochemical events, both intra- and extraplastid, that characterize the process of chloroplast dismantling in senescence and in response to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Domínguez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vatov E, Ludewig U, Zentgraf U. Disparate Dynamics of Gene Body and cis-Regulatory Element Evolution Illustrated for the Senescence-Associated Cysteine Protease Gene SAG12 of Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1380. [PMID: 34371583 PMCID: PMC8309469 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulation networks precisely orchestrate the expression of genes that are closely associated with defined physiological and developmental processes such as leaf senescence in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana senescence-associated gene 12 (AtSAG12) encodes a cysteine protease that is (i) involved in the degradation of chloroplast proteins and (ii) almost exclusively expressed during senescence. Transcription factors, such as WRKY53 and WRKY45, bind to W-boxes in the promoter region of AtSAG12 and play key roles in its activation. Other transcription factors, such as bZIPs, might have accessory functions in their gene regulation, as several A-boxes have been identified and appear to be highly overrepresented in the promoter region compared to the whole genome distribution but are not localized within the regulatory regions driving senescence-associated expression. To address whether these two regulatory elements exhibiting these different properties are conserved in other closely related species, we constructed phylogenetic trees of the coding sequences of orthologs of AtSAG12 and screened their respective 2000 bp promoter regions for the presence of conserved cis-regulatory elements, such as bZIP and WRKY binding sites. Interestingly, the functional relevant upstream located W-boxes were absent in plant species as closely related as Arabidopsis lyrata, whereas an A-box cluster appeared to be conserved in the Arabidopsis species but disappeared in Brassica napus. Several orthologs were present in other species, possibly because of local or whole genome duplication events, but with distinct cis-regulatory sites in different locations. However, at least one gene copy in each family analyzed carried one W-box and one A-box in its promoter. These gene differences in SAG12 orthologs are discussed in the framework of cis- and trans-regulatory factors, of promoter and gene evolution, of genetic variation, and of the enhancement of the adaptability of plants to changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Vatov
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo Y, Ren G, Zhang K, Li Z, Miao Y, Guo H. Leaf senescence: progression, regulation, and application. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:5. [PMID: 37789484 PMCID: PMC10509828 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a type of postmitotic senescence and is characterized by the functional transition from nutrient assimilation to nutrient remobilization which is essential for plants' fitness. The initiation and progression of leaf senescence are regulated by a variety of internal and external factors such as age, phytohormones, and environmental stresses. Significant breakthroughs in dissecting the molecular mechanisms underpinning leaf senescence have benefited from the identification of senescence-altered mutants through forward genetic screening and functional assessment of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) via reverse genetic research in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in crop plants. Leaf senescence involves highly complex genetic programs that are tightly tuned by multiple layers of regulation, including chromatin and transcription regulation, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. Due to the significant impact of leaf senescence on photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization, stress responses, and productivity, much effort has been made in devising strategies based on known senescence regulatory mechanisms to manipulate the initiation and progression of leaf senescence, aiming for higher yield, better quality, or improved horticultural performance in crop plants. This review aims to provide an overview of leaf senescence and discuss recent advances in multi-dimensional regulation of leaf senescence from genetic and molecular network perspectives. We also put forward the key issues that need to be addressed, including the nature of leaf age, functional stay-green trait, coordination between different regulatory pathways, source-sink relationship and nutrient remobilization, as well as translational researches on leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Guodong Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang H, Li X, Tian J, Liu H. Pre-Harvest Supplemental Blue Light Enhanced Antioxidant Activity of Flower Stalk in Chinese Kale during Storage. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061177. [PMID: 34207834 PMCID: PMC8228434 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
For 10 days before harvest, supplemental 50 μmol m-2 s-1 blue light (430 nm) was applied in greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the influences of pre-harvest supplemental blue light on both antioxidants and nutrition of the flower stalk of Chinese kale during storage. The weight loss of the flower stalk of Chinese kale treated with supplemental blue light was generally lower than control during storage. Higher antioxidant activity was maintained during storage by supplemental blue light. Meanwhile, supplemental blue light derived higher contents of vitamin C, soluble protein, free amino acids, and chlorophyll at harvest. The samples exposed to supplemental blue light possessed both higher nutrition and antioxidant values. Thus, pre-harvest supplemental blue light treatment might be a promising strategy to enhance the antioxidant activity and nutritional values and extend the shelf-life of the flower stalk of Chinese kale.
Collapse
|
15
|
Forlani S, Cozzi C, Rosa S, Tadini L, Masiero S, Mizzotti C. HEBE, a novel positive regulator of senescence in Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11021. [PMID: 32620827 PMCID: PMC7335192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence and plant aging are traits of great interest for breeders. Senescing cells undergo important physiological and biochemical changes, while cellular structures such as chloroplasts are degraded with dramatic metabolic consequences for the whole plant. The possibility of prolonging the photosynthetic ability of leaves could positively impact the plant's life span with benefits for biomass production and metabolite accumulation; plants with these characteristics display a stay-green phenotype. A group of plant transcription factors known as NAC play a pivotal role in controlling senescence: here we describe the involvement of the tomato NAC transcription factor Solyc12g036480, which transcript is present in leaves and floral buds. Since its silencing delays leaf senescence and prevents plants from ageing, we renamed Solyc12g0364 HḖBĒ, for the Greek goddess of youth. In this manuscript we describe how HEB downregulation negatively affects the progression of senescence, resulting in changes in transcription of senescence-promoting genes, as well as the activity of enzymes involved in chlorophyll degradation, thereby explaining the stay-green phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Forlani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Cozzi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Rosa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lv X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fan S, Kong L. Source-sink modifications affect leaf senescence and grain mass in wheat as revealed by proteomic analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:257. [PMID: 32503423 PMCID: PMC7275590 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The grain yield of cereals is determined by the synergistic interaction between source activity and sink capacity. However, source-sink interactions are far from being fully understood. Therefore, a field experiment was performed in wheat to investigate the responses of flag leaves and grains to sink/source manipulations. RESULTS Half-degraining delayed but partial defoliation enhanced leaf senescence. Sink/source manipulations influenced the content of reactive oxygen species in the flag leaf and the concentration of phytohormones, including cytokinins, indoleacetic 3-acid and jasmonic acid, in the flag leaves (LDef) and grains (GDef) in defoliated plants and flag leaves (LDG) and grain (GDG) in de-grained plants. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis indicated that at 16 days after manipulation, a total of 97 and 59 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from various functional categories were observed in the LDG and LDef groups, respectively, compared with the control, and 115 and 121 DEPs were observed in the GDG and GDef groups, respectively. The gene ontology annotation terms of the DEPs mainly included carbon fixation, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, chloroplast and cytoplasm, oxidoreductase activity and glutamate synthase activity in the flag leaves of manipulated plants and organonitrogen compound metabolic process, cytoplasm, vacuolar membrane, CoA carboxylase activity, starch synthase activity and nutrient reservoir activity in the grains of manipulated plants. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that photosynthesis, carbon, nitrogen and pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were the processes most affected by sink/source manipulations. Sink/source manipulations affected the activities of amylase and proteinases and, ultimately, changed the mass per grain. CONCLUSIONS Manipulations to change the sink/source ratio affect hormone levels; hydrolytic enzyme activities; metabolism of carbon, nitrogen and other main compounds; stress resistance; and leaf senescence and thus influence grain mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Lv
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Frank S, Hollmann J, Mulisch M, Matros A, Carrión CC, Mock HP, Hensel G, Krupinska K. Barley cysteine protease PAP14 plays a role in degradation of chloroplast proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6057-6069. [PMID: 31403664 PMCID: PMC6859807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast protein degradation is known to occur both inside chloroplasts and in the vacuole. Genes encoding cysteine proteases have been found to be highly expressed during leaf senescence. However, it remains unclear where they participate in chloroplast protein degradation. In this study HvPAP14, which belongs to the C1A family of cysteine proteases, was identified in senescing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves by affinity enrichment using the mechanism-based probe DCG-04 targeting cysteine proteases and subsequent mass spectrometry. Biochemical analyses and expression of a HvPAP14:RFP fusion construct in barley protoplasts was used to identify the subcellular localization and putative substrates of HvPAP14. The HvPAP14:RFP fusion protein was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and in vesicular bodies. Immunological studies showed that HvPAP14 was mainly located in chloroplasts, where it was found in tight association with thylakoid membranes. The recombinant enzyme was activated by low pH, in accordance with the detection of HvPAP14 in the thylakoid lumen. Overexpression of HvPAP14 in barley revealed that the protease can cleave LHCB proteins and PSBO as well as the large subunit of Rubisco. HvPAP14 is involved in the normal turnover of chloroplast proteins and may have a function in bulk protein degradation during leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Frank
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Solana Research, Eichenallee 9, Windeby, Germany
| | - Maria Mulisch
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Central Microscopy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Cristian C Carrión
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP, cc 327, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mayta ML, Hajirezaei MR, Carrillo N, Lodeyro AF. Leaf Senescence: The Chloroplast Connection Comes of Age. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E495. [PMID: 31718069 PMCID: PMC6918220 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a developmental process critical for plant fitness, which involves genetically controlled cell death and ordered disassembly of macromolecules for reallocating nutrients to juvenile and reproductive organs. While natural leaf senescence is primarily associated with aging, it can also be induced by environmental and nutritional inputs including biotic and abiotic stresses, darkness, phytohormones and oxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a common thread in stress-dependent cell death and also increase during leaf senescence. Involvement of chloroplast redox chemistry (including ROS propagation) in modulating cell death is well supported, with photosynthesis playing a crucial role in providing redox-based signals to this process. While chloroplast contribution to senescence received less attention, recent findings indicate that changes in the redox poise of these organelles strongly affect senescence timing and progress. In this review, the involvement of chloroplasts in leaf senescence execution is critically assessed in relation to available evidence and the role played by environmental and developmental cues such as stress and phytohormones. The collected results indicate that chloroplasts could cooperate with other redox sources (e.g., mitochondria) and signaling molecules to initiate the committed steps of leaf senescence for a best use of the recycled nutrients in plant reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina;
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany;
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina;
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bengoa Luoni S, Astigueta FH, Nicosia S, Moschen S, Fernandez P, Heinz R. Transcription Factors Associated with Leaf Senescence in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E411. [PMID: 31614987 PMCID: PMC6843677 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables. Different crops present a delay in leaf senescence with an important impact on grain yield trough the maintenance of the photosynthetic leaf area during the reproductive stage. Additionally, because of the temporal gap between the onset and phenotypic detection of the senescence process, candidate genes are key tools to enable the early detection of this process. In this sense and given the importance of some transcription factors as hub genes in senescence pathways, we present a comprehensive review on senescence-associated transcription factors, in model plant species and in agronomic relevant crops. This review will contribute to the knowledge of leaf senescence process in crops, thus providing a valuable tool to assist molecular crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bengoa Luoni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Francisco H Astigueta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
| | - Salvador Nicosia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Cruce Rutas Nac. 5 y 7, Lujan, Buenos Aires 6700, Argentina.
| | - Sebastian Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán 4142, Argentina.
| | - Paula Fernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
| | - Ruth Heinz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiao Z, Li J, Ni Y, Jiang Y, Sun Y, An J, Li H, Zhang J, Hu X, Li Q, Niu J. Enhanced Senescence Process is the Major Factor Stopping Spike Differentiation of Wheat Mutant ptsd1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184642. [PMID: 31546802 PMCID: PMC6770497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete differentiation of the spikes guarantees the final wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield. A unique wheat mutant that prematurely terminated spike differentiation (ptsd1) was obtained from cultivar Guomai 301 treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The molecular mechanism study on ptsd1 showed that the senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were highly expressed, and spike differentiation related homeotic genes were depressed. Cytokinin signal transduction was weakened and ethylene signal transduction was enhanced. The enhanced expression of Ca2+ signal transduction related genes and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused the upper spikelet cell death. Many genes in the WRKY, NAC and ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factor (TF) families were highly expressed. Senescence related metabolisms, including macromolecule degradation, nutrient recycling, as well as anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis, were activated. A conserved tae-miR164 and a novel-miR49 and their target genes were extensively involved in the senescence related biological processes in ptsd1. Overall, the abnormal phytohormone homeostasis, enhanced Ca2+ signaling and activated senescence related metabolisms led to the spikelet primordia absent their typical meristem characteristics, and ultimately resulted in the phenotype of ptsd1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jiao
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Junchang Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Yongjing Ni
- Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China.
| | - Yumei Jiang
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Yulong Sun
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Junhang An
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Huijuan Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Hu
- Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gomez FM, Carrión CA, Costa ML, Desel C, Kieselbach T, Funk C, Krupinska K, Guiamet J. Extra-plastidial degradation of chlorophyll and photosystem I in tobacco leaves involving 'senescence-associated vacuoles'. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:465-477. [PMID: 30985038 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) loss is the main visible symptom of senescence in leaves. The initial steps of Chl degradation operate within the chloroplast, but the observation that 'senescence-associated vacuoles' (SAVs) contain Chl raises the question of whether SAVs might also contribute to Chl breakdown. Previous confocal microscope observations (Martínez et al., 2008) showed many SAVs containing Chl. Isolated SAVs contained Chl a and b (with a Chl a/b ratio close to 5) and lower levels of chlorophyllide a. Pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were formed after the incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness, suggesting the presence of Chl-degrading activities in SAVs. Chl in SAVs was bound to a number of 'green bands'. In the most abundant green band of SAVs, Western blot analysis showed the presence of photosystem I (PSI) Chl-binding proteins, including the PsaA protein of the PSI reaction center and the apoproteins of the light-harvesting complexes (Lhca 1-4). This was confirmed by: (i) measurements of 77-K fluorescence emission spectra showing a single emission peak at around 730 nm in SAVs; (ii) mass spectrometry of the most prominent green band with the slowest electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) immunofluorescence detection of PsaA in SAVs observed through confocal microscopy. Incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness caused a steady decrease in PsaA levels. Overall, these results indicate that SAVs may be involved in the degradation of PSI proteins and their associated chlorophylls during the senescence of leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo M Gomez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Carrión
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Costa
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christine Desel
- Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Botanisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juan Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 327, B1904DPS, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Buet A, Costa ML, Martínez DE, Guiamet JJ. Chloroplast Protein Degradation in Senescing Leaves: Proteases and Lytic Compartments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:747. [PMID: 31275332 PMCID: PMC6593067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is characterized by massive degradation of chloroplast proteins, yet the protease(s) involved is(are) not completely known. Increased expression and/or activities of serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metalloproteases were detected in senescing leaves, but these studies have not provided information on the identities of the proteases responsible for chloroplast protein breakdown. Silencing some senescence-associated proteases has delayed progression of senescence symptoms, yet it is still unclear if these proteases are directly involved in chloroplast protein breakdown. At least four cellular pathways involved in the traffic of chloroplast proteins for degradation outside the chloroplast have been described (i.e., "Rubisco-containing bodies," "senescence-associated vacuoles," "ATI1-plastid associated bodies," and "CV-containing vesicles"), which differ in their dependence on the autophagic machinery, and the identity of the proteins transported and/or degraded. Finding out the proteases involved in, for example, the degradation of Rubisco, may require piling up mutations in several senescence-associated proteases. Alternatively, targeting a proteinaceous protein inhibitor to chloroplasts may allow the inhibitor to reach "Rubisco-containing bodies," "senescence-associated vacuoles," "ATI1-plastid associated bodies," and "CV-containing vesicles" in essentially the way as chloroplast-targeted fluorescent proteins re-localize to these vesicular structures. This might help to reduce proteolytic activity, thereby reducing or slowing down plastid protein degradation during senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Buet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Lorenza Costa
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dana E Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tamary E, Nevo R, Naveh L, Levin‐Zaidman S, Kiss V, Savidor A, Levin Y, Eyal Y, Reich Z, Adam Z. Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00127. [PMID: 31245770 PMCID: PMC6508775 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The earliest visual changes of leaf senescence occur in the chloroplast as chlorophyll is degraded and photosynthesis declines. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the sequence of catabolic events occurring in chloroplasts during natural leaf senescence is still missing. Here, we combined confocal and electron microscopy together with proteomics and biochemistry to follow structural and molecular changes during Arabidopsis leaf senescence. We observed that initiation of chlorophyll catabolism precedes other breakdown processes. Chloroplast size, stacking of thylakoids, and efficiency of PSII remain stable until late stages of senescence, whereas the number and size of plastoglobules increase. Unlike catabolic enzymes, whose level increase, the level of most proteins decreases during senescence, and chloroplast proteins are overrepresented among these. However, the rate of their disappearance is variable, mostly uncoordinated and independent of their inherent stability during earlier developmental stages. Unexpectedly, degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins lags behind chlorophyll catabolism. Autophagy and vacuole proteins are retained at relatively high levels, highlighting the role of extra-plastidic degradation processes especially in late stages of senescence. The observation that chlorophyll catabolism precedes all other catabolic events may suggest that this process enables or signals further catabolic processes in chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tamary
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Leah Naveh
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Smadar Levin‐Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani Center ARORishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang X, Li Y, Qi M, Liu Y, Li T. Targeted Control of Chloroplast Quality to Improve Plant Acclimation: From Protein Import to Degradation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:958. [PMID: 31402924 PMCID: PMC6670758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is an important energy-producing organelle acting as an environmental sensor for the plant cell. The normal turnover of the entire damaged chloroplast and its specific components is required for efficient photosynthesis and other metabolic reactions under stress conditions. Nuclear-encoded proteins must be imported into the chloroplast through different membrane transport complexes, and the orderly protein import plays an important role in plant adaptive regulation. Under adverse environmental conditions, the damaged chloroplast or its specific components need to be degraded efficiently to ensure normal cell function. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of protein import and degradation in the chloroplast. Specifically, quality control of chloroplast from protein import to degradation and associated regulatory pathways are discussed to better understand how plants adapt to environmental stress by fine-tuning chloroplast homeostasis, which will benefit breeding approaches to improve crop yield.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kamranfar I, Xue GP, Tohge T, Sedaghatmehr M, Fernie AR, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B. Transcription factor RD26 is a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming during dark-induced senescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1543-1557. [PMID: 29659022 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a key process in plants that culminates in the degradation of cellular constituents and massive reprogramming of metabolism for the recovery of nutrients from aged leaves for their reuse in newly developing sinks. We used molecular-biological and metabolomics approaches to identify NAC transcription factor (TF) RD26 as an important regulator of metabolic reprogramming in Arabidopsis thaliana. RD26 directly activates CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV), encoding a protein crucial for chloroplast protein degradation, concomitant with an enhanced protein loss in RD26 overexpressors during senescence, but a reduced decline of protein in rd26 knockout mutants. RD26 also directly activates LKR/SDH involved in lysine catabolism, and PES1 important for phytol degradation. Metabolic profiling revealed reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in RD26 overexpressors, accompanied by the induction of respective catabolic genes. Degradation of lysine, phytol and GABA is instrumental for maintaining mitochondrial respiration in carbon-limiting conditions during senescence. RD26 also supports the degradation of starch and the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides during senescence by directly enhancing the expression of AMY1, SFP1 and SWEET15 involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport. Collectively, during senescence RD26 acts by controlling the expression of genes across the entire spectrum of the cellular degradation hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Kamranfar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Flagship, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Most assimilated nutrients in the leaves of land plants are stored in chloroplasts as photosynthetic proteins, where they mediate CO2 assimilation during growth. During senescence or under suboptimal conditions, chloroplast proteins are degraded, and the amino acids released during this process are used to produce young tissues, seeds, or respiratory energy. Protein degradation machineries contribute to the quality control of chloroplasts by removing damaged proteins caused by excess energy from sunlight. Whereas previous studies revealed that chloroplasts contain several types of intraplastidic proteases that likely derived from an endosymbiosed prokaryotic ancestor of chloroplasts, recent reports have demonstrated that multiple extraplastidic pathways also contribute to chloroplast protein turnover in response to specific cues. One such pathway is autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process that leads to the vacuolar or lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotic cells. Here, we describe and contrast the extraplastidic pathways that degrade chloroplasts. This review shows that diverse pathways participate in chloroplast turnover during sugar starvation, senescence, and oxidative stress. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate these pathways will help decipher the relationship among the diverse pathways mediating chloroplast protein turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Izumi
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Sakuya Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wojciechowska N, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Plant organ senescence - regulation by manifold pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:167-181. [PMID: 29178615 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of plant ontogeny before death. Senescence may occur naturally because of age or may be induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite its destructive character, senescence is a precisely controlled process that follows a well-defined order. It is often inseparable from programmed cell death (PCD), and a correlation between these processes has been confirmed during the senescence of leaves and petals. Despite suggestions that senescence and PCD are two separate processes, with PCD occurring after senescence, cell death responsible for senescence is accompanied by numerous changes at the cytological, physiological and molecular levels, similar to other types of PCD. Independent of the plant organ analysed, these changes are focused on initiating the processes of cellular structural degradation via fluctuations in phytohormone levels and the activation of specific genes. Cellular structural degradation is genetically programmed and dependent on autophagy. Phytohormones/plant regulators are heavily involved in regulating the senescence of plant organs and can either promote [ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PAs)] or inhibit [cytokinins (CKs)] this process. Auxins and carbohydrates have been assigned a dual role in the regulation of senescence, and can both inhibit and stimulate the senescence process. In this review, we introduce the basic pathways that regulate senescence in plants and identify mechanisms involved in controlling senescence in ephemeral plant organs. Moreover, we demonstrate a universal nature of this process in different plant organs; despite this process occurring in organs that have completely different functions, it is very similar. Progress in this area is providing opportunities to revisit how, when and which way senescence is coordinated or decoupled by plant regulators in different organs and will provide a powerful tool for plant physiology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ambastha V, Sopory SK, Tiwari BS, Tripathy BC. Photo-modulation of programmed cell death in rice leaves triggered by salinity. Apoptosis 2018; 22:41-56. [PMID: 27747443 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we provide evidence for involvement of chloroplast as alternate organelle for initiating PCD in plants under light and abiotic stress. In animals, mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and key executioner of programmed cell death (PCD). In plants, however, the primary site of generation of ROS is chloroplast and yet its involvement in PCD has not been worked out in details. We found by Evans blue staining that salt (150 mM NaCl)-treated protoplasts obtained from green seedlings had higher rate of cell death than protoplasts obtained from etiolated seedlings. This indicated that cell death induced by NaCl is accentuated by light. Imposition of salt-stress to green protoplasts generated H2O2. Known hallmarks of PCD i.e., blebbing of cell membrane, loabing in nucleus, nick in DNA were observed in light-exposed salt-treated protoplasts and seedlings. TUNEL-FACS assay demonstrate several DNA nicks in the salt-treated green protoplasts exposed to light. Conversely, salt-treated etiolated protoplasts kept in dark had only a few TUNEL-positive nuclei. Similarly, a substantial numbers of TUNEL positive nuclei were observed in green seedlings due to salt treatment in light. However, salt-treated etiolated seedlings kept in dark had very few TUNEL positive nuclei. Addition of Caspase 3 inhibitor (DAVD-CHO) rescued (~50 %) green protoplasts from salt-stress induced cell death suggesting an involvement of apoptosis like PCD (AL-PCD). Ultra structure studies of chloroplast, mitochondria and nucleus from the leaves obtained from salt treated seedlings at the time point that showed PCD signature, resulted to severe granal de-stacking in chloroplasts while structural integrity of mitochondria was maintained. These studies demonstrate the photo-modulation of salinity-induced PCD in photosynthetic tissues is mainly executed by chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ambastha
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Budhi Sagar Tiwari
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Otegui MS. Vacuolar degradation of chloroplast components: autophagy and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:741-750. [PMID: 28992297 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast degradation during natural or stress-induced senescence requires the participation of both plastidic and extraplastidic degradative pathways. As part of the extraplastidic pathways, chloroplasts export stroma, envelope, and thylakoid proteins in membrane-bound organelles that are ultimately degraded in vacuoles. Some of these pathways, such as the formation of senescence-associated vacuoles (SAVs) and CV-containing vesicles (CCVs), do not depend on autophagy, whereas delivery of Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs), ATI1-PS (ATG8-interacting Protein 1) bodies, and small starch-like granule (SSLG) bodies is autophagy dependent. In addition, autophagy of entire chloroplasts delivers damaged chloroplasts into the vacuolar lumen for degradation. This review summarizes the autophagy-dependent and independent trafficking mechanisms by which plant cells degrade chloroplast components in vacuoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa S Otegui
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Departments of Botany and Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bresson J, Bieker S, Riester L, Doll J, Zentgraf U. A guideline for leaf senescence analyses: from quantification to physiological and molecular investigations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:769-786. [PMID: 28992225 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is not a chaotic breakdown but a dynamic process following a precise timetable. It enables plants to economize with their resources and control their own viability and integrity. The onset as well as the progression of leaf senescence are co-ordinated by a complex genetic network that continuously integrates developmental and environmental signals such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, studying senescence requires an integrative and multi-scale analysis of the dynamic changes occurring in plant physiology and metabolism. In addition to providing an automated and standardized method to quantify leaf senescence at the macroscopic scale, we also propose an analytic framework to investigate senescence at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels throughout the plant life cycle. We have developed protocols and suggested methods for studying different key processes involved in senescence, including photosynthetic capacities, membrane degradation, redox status, and genetic regulation. All methods presented in this review were conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 and results are compared with senescence-related mutants. This guideline includes experimental design, protocols, recommendations, and the automated tools for leaf senescence analyses that could also be applied to other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bresson
- ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bieker
- ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Riester
- ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Doll
- ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
James M, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Marmagne A, Azzopardi M, Laîné P, Goux D, Etienne P, Trouverie J. A New Role for SAG12 Cysteine Protease in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1998. [PMID: 30687379 PMCID: PMC6337903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Senescence associated gene (SAG) 12, which encodes a cysteine protease is considered to be important in nitrogen (N) allocation to Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. A decrease in the yield and N content of the seeds was observed in the Arabidopsis SAG12 knockout mutants (sag12) relative to the wild type (Col0) under limited nitrogen nutrition. However, leaf senescence was similar in both lines. To test whether SAG12 is involved in N remobilization from organs other than the leaves, we tested whether root N could be used in N mobilization to the seeds. Root architecture, N uptake capacity and 15N partitioning were compared in the wild type and sag12 under either high nitrogen (HN) or low nitrogen (LN) conditions. No differences in root architecture or root N uptake capacity were observed between the lines under HN or LN. However, under LN conditions, there was an accumulation of 15N in the sag12 roots compared to the wild type with lower allocation of 15N to the seeds. This was accompanied by an increase in root N protein contents and a significant decrease in root cysteine protease activity. SAG12 is expressed in the root stele of the plants at the reproductive stage, particularly under conditions of LN nutrition. Taken together, these results suggest a new role for SAG12. This cysteine protease plays a crucial role in root N remobilization that ensures seed filling and sustains yields when nitrogen availability is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence James
- INRA, UNICAEN, UMR 950 EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Maxence James, Philippe Etienne,
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- INRA, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marianne Azzopardi
- INRA, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Laîné
- INRA, UNICAEN, UMR 950 EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- CMABIO3, SF 4206 ICORE, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Philippe Etienne
- INRA, UNICAEN, UMR 950 EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Maxence James, Philippe Etienne,
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- INRA, UNICAEN, UMR 950 EVA, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Guiamet JJ, Tognetti VB, Melzer M, Hajirezaei MR, Carrillo N. Expression of a Plastid-Targeted Flavodoxin Decreases Chloroplast Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Delays Senescence in Aging Tobacco Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1039. [PMID: 30065745 PMCID: PMC6056745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a concerted physiological process involving controlled degradation of cellular structures and reallocation of breakdown products to other plant organs. It is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are proposed to signal cell death, although both the origin and the precise role of ROS in the execution of this developmental program are still poorly understood. To investigate the contribution of chloroplast-associated ROS to natural leaf senescence, we used tobacco plants expressing a plastid-targeted flavodoxin, an electron shuttle flavoprotein present in prokaryotes and algae. When expressed in plants, flavodoxin specifically prevents ROS formation in chloroplasts during stress situations. Senescence symptoms were significantly mitigated in these transformants, with decreased accumulation of chloroplastic ROS and differential preservation of chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein contents, cell and chloroplast structures, membrane integrity and cell viability. Flavodoxin also improved maintenance of chlorophyll-protein complexes, photosynthetic electron flow, CO2 assimilation, central metabolic routes and levels of bioactive cytokinins and auxins in aging leaves. Delayed induction of senescence-associated genes indicates that the entire genetic program of senescence was affected by flavodoxin. The results suggest that ROS generated in chloroplasts are involved in the regulation of natural leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE–UNLP/CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Vanesa B. Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad R. Hajirezaei, Néstor Carrillo,
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mohammad R. Hajirezaei, Néstor Carrillo,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Plant senescence is accompanied by a marked increase in proteolytic activities, and cysteine proteases (Cys-protease) represent the prevailing class among the responsible proteases. Cys-proteases predominantly locate to lytic compartments, i.e., to the central vacuole (CV) and to senescence-associated vacuoles (SAVs), the latter being specific to the photosynthetic cells of senescing leaves. Cellular fractionation of vacuolar compartments may facilitate Cys-proteases purification and their concentration for further analysis. Active Cys-proteases may be analyzed by different, albeit complementary approaches: (1) in vivo examination of proteolytic activity by fluorescence microscopy using specific substrates which become fluorescent upon cleavage by Cys-proteases, (2) protease labeling with specific probes that react irreversibly with the active enzymes, and (3) zymography, whereby protease activities are detected in polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with a substrate for proteases. Here we describe the three methods mentioned above for detection of active Cys-proteases and a cellular fractionation technique to isolate SAVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenza Costa
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Guiamét
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang T, Oh ES, Bonea D, Zhao R. HSP90C interacts with PsbO1 and facilitates its thylakoid distribution from chloroplast stroma in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190168. [PMID: 29281724 PMCID: PMC5745004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis plastidic HSP90C is an HSP90 family molecular chaperone that is required for chloroplast development and function. To understand the mechanism of action of HSP90C within the chloroplast, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening and revealed it interacts directly with the photosystem II extrinsic protein PsbO1, which performs a canonical function in the thylakoid lumen. To understand the biological significance of HSP90C-PsbO1 interaction, we investigated the role of HSP90C in modulating the stromal and thylakoid distribution of PsbO1GFP fusion protein. Fusion to GFP significantly delays the PsbO1 thylakoid transport and induces a variegation phenotype. Overexpression of HSP90C promotes the thylakoid distribution of PsbO1GFP and alleviates the leaf variegation. By tracking the chloroplast maturation during photomorphogenesis, we observed PsbO1GFP tends to form distinct fluorescent clusters within the stroma with delayed thylakoid membrane biogenesis, while HSP90C overexpression corrects these adverse effects. We also demonstrated that active HSP90C function is specifically required for stable accumulation of mature PsbO1GFP in thylakoid by using specific inhibitor geldanamycin. This study therefore not only identified novel HSP90C interactors, but also reports for the first time that PsbO1 enroute from the cytoplasm to thylakoid lumen is tightly regulated by the HSP90C chaperone complex in plastid stroma; whereas the proper HSP90C homeostasis is also critical for chloroplast maturation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jiang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Saehong Oh
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Bonea
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rongmin Zhao
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Botha AM, Kunert KJ, Cullis CA. Cysteine proteases and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under drought: A still greatly unexplored association. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1679-1690. [PMID: 28664627 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) provides about 19% of global dietary energy. Environmental stress, such as drought, affects wheat growth causing premature plant senescence and ultimately plant death. A plant response to drought is an increase in protease-mediated proteolysis with rapid degradation of proteins required for metabolic processes. Among the plant proteases that are increased in their activity following stress, cysteine proteases are the best characterized. Very little is known about particular wheat cysteine protease sequences, their expression and also localization. The current knowledge on wheat cysteine proteases belonging to the five clans (CA, CD, CE, CF and CP) is outlined, in particular their expression and possible function under drought. The first successes in establishing an annotated wheat genome database are further highlighted which has allowed more detailed mining of cysteine proteases. We also share our thoughts on future research directions considering the growing availability of genomic resources of this very important food crop. Finally, we also outline future application of developed knowledge in transgenic wheat plants for environmental stress protection and also as senescence markers to monitor wheat growth under environmental stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7601, South Africa
| | - Karl J Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Christopher A Cullis
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tan Y, Yang Y, Li C, Liang B, Li M, Ma F. Overexpression of MpCYS4, a phytocystatin gene from Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh., delays natural and stress-induced leaf senescence in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:219-228. [PMID: 28384562 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are a well-characterized class of naturally occurring protease inhibitors that prevent the catalysis of papain-like cysteine proteases. The action of cystatins in stress tolerance has been studied intensively, but relatively little is known about their functions in plants during leaf senescence. Here, we examined the potential roles of the apple cystatin, MpCYS4, in leaf photosynthesis as well as the concentrations and composition of leaf proteins when plants encounter natural or stress-induced senescence. Overexpression of this gene in apple rootstock M26 effectively slowed the senescence-related declines in photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll concentrations and prevented the action of cysteine proteinases during the process of degrading proteins (e.g., Rubisco) in senescing leaves. Moreover, MpCYS4 alleviated the associated oxidative damage and enhanced the capacity of plants to eliminate reactive oxygen species by activating antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and catalase. Consequently, plant cells were protected against damage from free radicals during leaf senescence. Based on these results, we conclude that MpCYS4 functions in delaying natural and stress-induced senescence of apple leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yingli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Bowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Havé M, Marmagne A, Chardon F, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence: lessons from Arabidopsis to crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2513-2529. [PMID: 27707774 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a result of climate changes, land use and agriculture have to adapt to new demands. Agriculture is responsible for a large part of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have to be urgently reduced in order to protect the environment. At the same time, agriculture has to cope with the challenges of sustainably feeding a growing world population. Reducing the use of the ammonia-nitrate fertilizers that are responsible for a large part of the GHGs released and that have a negative impact on carbon balance is one of the objectives of precision agriculture. One way to reduce N fertilizers without dramatically affecting grain yields is to improve the nitrogen recycling and remobilization performances of plants. Mechanisms involved in nitrogen recycling, such as autophagy, are essential for nutrient remobilization at the whole-plant level and for seed quality. Studies on leaf senescence and nutrient recycling provide new perspectives for improvement. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms involved in nitrogen recycling and remobilization during leaf senescence and to present the different approaches undertaken to improve nitrogen remobilization efficiency using both model plants and crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marien Havé
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Roberts IN, Veliz CG, Criado MV, Signorini A, Simonetti E, Caputo C. Identification and expression analysis of 11 subtilase genes during natural and induced senescence of barley plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 211:70-80. [PMID: 28167368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Subtilases are one of the largest groups of the serine protease family and are involved in many aspects of plant development including senescence. In wheat, previous reports demonstrate an active participation of two senescence-induced subtilases, denominated P1 and P2, in nitrogen remobilization during whole plant senescence. The aim of the present study was to examine the participation of subtilases in senescence-associated proteolysis of barley leaves while comparing different senescence types. With this purpose, subtilase enzymatic activity, immunodetection with a heterologous antiserum and gene expression of 11 subtilase sequences identified in barley databases by homology to P1 were analyzed in barley leaves undergoing dark-induced or natural senescence at the vegetative or reproductive growth phase. Results showed that subtilase specific activity as well as two inmunoreactive bands representing putative subtilases increased in barley leaves submitted to natural and dark-induced senescence. Gene expression analysis showed that two of the eleven subtilase genes analyzed, HvSBT3 and HvSBT6, were up-regulated in all the senescence conditions tested while HvSBT2 was expressed and up-regulated only during dark-induced senescence. On the other hand, HvSBT1, HvSBT4 and HvSBT7 were down-regulated during senescence and two other subtilase genes (HvSBT10 and HvSBT11) showed no significant changes. The remaining subtilase genes were not detected. Results demonstrate an active participation of subtilases in protein degradation during dark-induced and natural leaf senescence of barley plants both at the vegetative and reproductive stage, and, based on their expression profile, postulate HvSBT3 and HvSBT6 as key components of senescence-associated proteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma N Roberts
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia G Veliz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Criado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Signorini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ester Simonetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caputo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Misas-Villamil JC, van der Burgh AM, Grosse-Holz F, Bach-Pages M, Kovács J, Kaschani F, Schilasky S, Emon AEK, Ruben M, Kaiser M, Overkleeft HS, van der Hoorn RAL. Subunit-selective proteasome activity profiling uncovers uncoupled proteasome subunit activities during bacterial infections. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:418-430. [PMID: 28117509 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a nuclear-cytoplasmic proteolytic complex involved in nearly all regulatory pathways in plant cells. The three different catalytic activities of the proteasome can have different functions, but tools to monitor and control these subunits selectively are not yet available in plant science. Here, we introduce subunit-selective inhibitors and dual-color fluorescent activity-based probes for studying two of the three active catalytic subunits of the plant proteasome. We validate these tools in two model plants and use this to study the proteasome during plant-microbe interactions. Our data reveal that Nicotiana benthamiana incorporates two different paralogs of each catalytic subunit into active proteasomes. Interestingly, both β1 and β5 activities are significantly increased upon infection with pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 lacking hopQ1-1 [PtoDC3000(ΔhQ)] whilst the activity profile of the β1 subunit changes. Infection with wild-type PtoDC3000 causes proteasome activities that range from strongly induced β1 and β5 activities to strongly suppressed β5 activities, revealing that β1 and β5 activities can be uncoupled during bacterial infection. These selective probes and inhibitors are now available to the plant science community, and can be widely and easily applied to study the activity and role of the different catalytic subunits of the proteasome in different plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana C Misas-Villamil
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aranka M van der Burgh
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friederike Grosse-Holz
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Lane, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Marcel Bach-Pages
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Lane, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Judit Kovács
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemical Biology, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Sören Schilasky
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Asif E K Emon
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Ruben
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemical Biology, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Lane, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Santadino M, Brentassi ME, Fanello DD, Coviella C. First Evidence of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) Feeding From Mesophyll of Eucalyptus Leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:251-257. [PMID: 28082460 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) originally restricted to Australia, is an important emerging pest of Eucalyptus plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. It feeds on mature leaves, causing the loss of photosynthetic surface area and defoliation and, according to some studies, even tree death. In this work, feeding activities of T. peregrinus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn leaves and its primary food resources were identified. In cross sections of leaves, solid salivary deposits on epidermal cells and in the vicinity of stomata cells were detected. In subepidermal cells of the palisade parenchyma near the stylet penetration point, disorganization and removal of chloroplasts were also observed. The presence of chlorophyll in guts of adults and nymphs was analyzed using spectrophotometry and confocal laser scanning to obtain in situ fluorescent spectra. Both spectra showed chlorophyll absorbance peaks. In addition, the presence of chlorophyll in guts of T. peregrinus using fluorescence microscopy was identified. These results provide the first evidence that T. peregrinus feeds from the palisade parenchyma (chlorenchyma) of Eucalyptus leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Santadino
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Departamento de Tecnología and INEDES. Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ( )
- Programa de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas and INEDES. Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu - CONICET), Argentina ( )
| | - María E Brentassi
- División Entomología and Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Comisión Investigaciones Científicas Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego D Fanello
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). Argentina
| | - Carlos Coviella
- Programa de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas and INEDES. Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu - CONICET), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zou Z, Liu J, Yang L, Xie G. Survey of the rubber tree genome reveals a high number of cysteine protease-encoding genes homologous to Arabidopsis SAG12. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171725. [PMID: 28166280 PMCID: PMC5293227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana SAG12, a senescence-specific gene encoding a cysteine protease, is widely used as a molecular marker for the study of leaf senescence. To date, its potential orthologues have been isolated from several plant species such as Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. However, little information is available in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), a rubber-producing plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. This study presents the identification of SAG12-like genes from the rubber tree genome. Results showed that an unexpected high number of 17 rubber orthologues with a single intron were found, contrasting the single copy with two introns in Arabidopsis. The gene expansion was also observed in another two Euphorbiaceae plants, castor bean (Ricinus communis) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas), both of which contain 8 orthologues. In accordance with no occurrence of recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, most duplicates in castor and physic nut were resulted from tandem duplications. In contrast, the duplicated HbSAG12H genes were derived from tandem duplications as well as the recent WGD. Expression analysis showed that most HbSAG12H genes were lowly expressed in examined tissues except for root and male flower. Furthermore, HbSAG12H1 exhibits a strictly senescence-associated expression pattern in rubber tree leaves, and thus can be used as a marker gene for the study of senescence mechanism in Hevea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jianting Liu
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
- Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Yang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fesenko I, Seredina A, Arapidi G, Ptushenko V, Urban A, Butenko I, Kovalchuk S, Babalyan K, Knyazev A, Khazigaleeva R, Pushkova E, Anikanov N, Ivanov V, Govorun VM. The Physcomitrella patens Chloroplast Proteome Changes in Response to Protoplastation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1661. [PMID: 27867392 PMCID: PMC5095126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant protoplasts are widely used for genetic manipulation and functional studies in transient expression systems. However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in a cell response to the combined stress factors resulted from protoplast generation. Plants often face more than one type of stress at a time, and how plants respond to combined stress factors is therefore of great interest. Here, we used protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model to study the effects of short-term stress on the chloroplast proteome. Using label-free comparative quantitative proteomic analysis (SWATH-MS), we quantified 479 chloroplast proteins, 219 of which showed a more than 1.4-fold change in abundance in protoplasts. We additionally quantified 1451 chloroplast proteins using emPAI. We observed degradation of a significant portion of the chloroplast proteome following the first hour of stress imposed by the protoplast isolation process. Electron-transport chain (ETC) components underwent the heaviest degradation, resulting in the decline of photosynthetic activity. We also compared the proteome changes to those in the transcriptional level of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes. Globally, the levels of the quantified proteins and their corresponding mRNAs showed limited correlation. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and components of the outer chloroplast membrane showed decreases in both transcript and protein abundance. However, proteins like dehydroascorbate reductase 1 and 2-cys peroxiredoxin B responsible for ROS detoxification increased in abundance. Further, genes such as thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase were induced at the transcriptional level but down-regulated at the proteomic level. Together, our results demonstrate that the initial chloroplast reaction to stress is due changes at the proteomic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anna Seredina
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Georgij Arapidi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Ptushenko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- Department of Biocatalysis, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Urban
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Butenko
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Babalyan
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Knyazev
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Regina Khazigaleeva
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Elena Pushkova
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Anikanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
López Gialdi AI, Moschen S, Villán CS, López Fernández MP, Maldonado S, Paniego N, Heinz RA, Fernandez P. Identification and characterization of contrasting sunflower genotypes to early leaf senescence process combining molecular and physiological studies (Helianthus annuus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:40-50. [PMID: 27457982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism ruled by multiple genetic and environmental variables that affect crop yields. It is the last stage in leaf development, is characterized by an active decline in photosynthetic rate, nutrients recycling and cell death. The aim of this work was to identify contrasting sunflower inbred lines differing in leaf senescence and to deepen the study of this process in sunflower. Ten sunflower genotypes, previously selected by physiological analysis from 150 inbred genotypes, were evaluated under field conditions through physiological, cytological and molecular analysis. The physiological measurement allowed the identification of two contrasting senescence inbred lines, R453 and B481-6, with an increase in yield in the senescence delayed genotype. These findings were confirmed by cytological and molecular analysis using TUNEL, genomic DNA gel electrophoresis, flow sorting and gene expression analysis by qPCR. These results allowed the selection of the two most promising contrasting genotypes, which enables future studies and the identification of new biomarkers associated to early senescence in sunflower. In addition, they allowed the tuning of cytological techniques for a non-model species and its integration with molecular variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I López Gialdi
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C S Villán
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta Nacional 12 Km 7.5, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - M P López Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Paniego
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R A Heinz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Fernandez
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang F, Liu J, Chen M, Zhou L, Li Z, Zhao Q, Pan G, Zaidi SHR, Cheng F. Involvement of Abscisic Acid in PSII Photodamage and D1 Protein Turnover for Light-Induced Premature Senescence of Rice Flag Leaves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161203. [PMID: 27532299 PMCID: PMC4988704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
D1 protein in the PSII reaction center is the major target of photodamage, and it exhibits the highest turnover rate among all the thylakoid proteins. In this paper, rice psf (premature senescence of flag leaves) mutant and its wild type were used to investigate the genotype-dependent alteration in PSII photo-damage and D1 protein turnover during leaf senescence and its relation to ABA accumulation in senescent leaves. The symptom and extent of leaf senescence of the psf mutant appeared to be sunlight-dependent under natural field condition. The psf also displayed significantly higher levels of ABA accumulation in senescent leaves than the wild type. However, the premature senescence lesion of psf leaves could be alleviated by shaded treatment, concomitantly with the strikingly suppressed ABA level in the shaded areas of flag leaves. The change in ABA concentration contributed to the regulation of shade-delayed leaf senescence. The participation of ABA in the timing of senescence initiation and in the subsequent rate of leaf senescence was closely associated with PSII photodamage and D1 protein turnover during leaf senescence, in which the transcriptional expression of several key genes (psbA, psbB, psbC and OsFtsH2) involved in D1 protein biosynthesis and PSII repair cycle was seriously suppressed by the significantly increased ABA level. This response resulted in the low rate of D1 protein synthesis and impaired repair recovery in the presence of ABA. The psf showed evidently decreased D1 protein amount in the senescent leaves. Both the inhibition of de novo synthesized D1 protein and the slow rate of proteolytic removal for the photodamaged D1 protein was among the most crucial steps for the linkage between light-dependent leaf senescence and the varying ABA concentration in psf mutant leaves. OsFtsH2 transcriptional expression possibly played an important role in the regulation of D1 protein turnover and PSII repair cycle in relation to ABA mediated leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Syed-Hassan-Raza Zaidi
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Diaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, Santamaria ME, González-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant senescence and proteolysis: two processes with one destiny. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:329-38. [PMID: 27505308 PMCID: PMC5004835 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a complex and controlled process,
essential for mobilization of nutrients from old or stressed tissues, mainly leaves,
to growing or sink organs. Protein breakdown in senescing leaves involves many
plastidial and nuclear proteases, regulators, different subcellular locations and
dynamic protein traffic to ensure the complete transformation of proteins of high
molecular weight into transportable and useful hydrolysed products. Protease
activities are strictly regulated by specific inhibitors and through the activation
of zymogens to develop their proteolytic activity at the right place and at the
proper time. All these events associated with senescence have deep effects on the
relocation of nutrients and as a consequence, on grain quality and crop yield. Thus,
it can be considered that nutrient recycling is the common destiny of two processes,
plant senescence and, proteolysis. This review article covers the most recent
findings about leaf senescence features mediated by abiotic and biotic stresses as
well as the participants and steps required in this physiological process, paying
special attention to C1A cysteine proteases, their specific inhibitors, known as
cystatins, and their potential targets, particularly the chloroplastic proteins as
source for nitrogen recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Singh S, Singh A, Nandi AK. The rice OsSAG12-2 gene codes for a functional protease that negatively regulates stress-induced cell death. J Biosci 2016; 41:445-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
48
|
Liu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Zhao R, Liu B, Fu Q, Zhang Y. The antioxidative defense system is involved in the premature senescence in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum NC89). Biol Res 2016; 49:30. [PMID: 27370650 PMCID: PMC4930573 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Farnesene is a volatile sesquiterpene synthesized by the plant mevalonate (MVA) pathway through the action of α-farnesene synthase. The α-farnesene synthase 1 (MdAFS1) gene was isolated from apple peel (var. white winter pearmain), and transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum NC89). The transgenic plants had faster stem elongation during vegetative growth and earlier flowering than wild type (WT). Our studies focused on the transgenic tobacco phenotype. RESULTS The levels of chlorophyll and soluble protein decreased and a lower seed biomass and reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in transgenic plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radicals (O 2 (·-) ) had higher levels in transgenics compared to controls. Transgenic plants also had enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. The transcriptome of 8-week-old plants was studied to detect molecular changes. Differentially expressed unigene analysis showed that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell growth, and death unigenes were upregulated. Unigenes related to photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, and nitrogen metabolism were downregulated. Combined with the expression analysis of senescence marker genes, these results indicate that senescence started in the leaves of the transgenic plants at the vegetative growth stage. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidative defense system was compromised and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in the premature aging of transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjuan Fu
- />Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Long Tan Road, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Velasco-Arroyo B, Diaz-Mendoza M, Gandullo J, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Santamaria ME, Dominguez-Figueroa JD, Hensel G, Martinez M, Kumlehn J, Diaz I. HvPap-1 C1A protease actively participates in barley proteolysis mediated by abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4297-310. [PMID: 27217548 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein breakdown and mobilization from old or stressed tissues to growing and sink organs are some of the metabolic features associated with abiotic/biotic stresses, essential for nutrient recycling. The massive degradation of proteins implies numerous proteolytic events in which cysteine-proteases are the most abundant key players. Analysing the role of barley C1A proteases in response to abiotic stresses is crucial due to their impact on plant growth and grain yield and quality. In this study, dark and nitrogen starvation treatments were selected to induce stress in barley. Results show that C1A proteases participate in the proteolytic processes triggered in leaves by both abiotic treatments, which strongly induce the expression of the HvPap-1 gene encoding a cathepsin F-like protease. Differences in biochemical parameters and C1A gene expression were found when comparing transgenic barley plants overexpressing or silencing the HvPap-1 gene and wild-type dark-treated leaves. These findings associated with morphological changes evidence a lifespan-delayed phenotype of HvPap-1 silenced lines. All these data elucidate on the role of this protease family in response to abiotic stresses and the potential of their biotechnological manipulation to control the timing of plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Dominguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr.3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr.3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Avice JC. Characterization of senescence-associated protease activities involved in the efficient protein remobilization during leaf senescence of winter oilseed rape. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 246:139-153. [PMID: 26993244 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crop plant characterized by a poor nitrogen (N) use efficiency that is mainly due to low N remobilization efficiency during the sequential leaf senescence of the vegetative stage. As a high leaf N remobilization efficiency was strongly linked to a high remobilization of proteins during leaf senescence of rapeseed, our objective was to identify senescence-associated protease activities implicated in the protein degradation. To reach this goal, leaf senescence processes and protease activities were investigated in a mature leaf becoming senescent in plants subjected to ample or low nitrate supply. The characterization of protease activities was performed by using in vitro analysis of RuBisCO degradation with or without inhibitors of specific protease classes followed by a protease activity profiling using activity-dependent probes. As expected, the mature leaf became senescent regardless of the nitrate treatment, and nitrate limitation enhanced the senescence processes associated with an enhanced degradation of soluble proteins. The characterization of protease activities revealed that: (i) aspartic proteases and the proteasome were active during senescence regardless of nitrate supply, and (ii) the activities of serine proteases and particularly cysteine proteases (Papain-like Cys proteases and vacuolar processing enzymes) increased when protein remobilization associated with senescence was accelerated by nitrate limitation. Short statement: Serine and particularly cysteine proteases (both PLCPs and VPEs) seem to play a crucial role in the efficient protein remobilization when leaf senescence of oilseed rape was accelerated by nitrate limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France; INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France.
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom; The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France; UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France; INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|