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The Response to Inoculation with PGPR Plus Orange Peel Amendment on Soybean Is Cultivar and Environment Dependent. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091138. [PMID: 35567141 PMCID: PMC9104577 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) effects on plant yield are highly variable under field conditions due to competition with soil microbiota. Previous research determined that many Bacillus velezensis PGPR strains can use pectin as a sole carbon source and that seed inoculation with PGPR plus pectin-rich orange peel (OP) can enhance PGPR-mediated increases in plant growth. Because the previous studies used a single soybean cultivar, the objective of this research was to test the effect of PGPR plus OP inoculation on plant responses in a wide range of soybean cultivars. Preliminary screening with 20 soybean cultivars in the greenhouse showed that the PGPR plus OP produced a positive increase in all plant growth parameters when all cultivar data was averaged. However, when the inoculation response was examined cultivar by cultivar there was a range of cultivar response from a 60% increase in growth parameters to a 12% decrease, pointing to the presence of a cultivar-PGPR specificity. Further greenhouse and field experiments that studied cultivars with contrast responses to synbiotic inoculation revealed that the environment and/or the molecular interactions between the plant and microorganisms may play an important role in plant responsiveness.
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Abstract
The climate is one of the key elements impacting several cycles connected to soil and plant systems, as well as plant production, soil quality, and environmental quality. Due to heightened human activity, the rate of CO2 is rising in the atmosphere. Changing climatic conditions (such as temperature, CO2, and precipitation) influence plant nutrition in a range of ways, comprising mineralization, decomposition, leaching, and losing nutrients in the soil. Soil carbon sequestration plays an essential function—not only in climate change mitigation but also in plant nutrient accessibility and soil fertility. As a result, there is a significant interest globally in soil carbon capture from atmospheric CO2 and sequestration in the soil via plants. Adopting effective management methods and increasing soil carbon inputs over outputs will consequently play a crucial role in soil carbon sequestration (SCseq) and plant nutrition. As a result, boosting agricultural yield is necessary for food security, notoriously in developing countries. Several unanswered problems remain regarding climate change and its impacts on plant nutrition and global food output, which will be elucidated over time. This review provides several remarkable pieces of information about the influence of changing climatic variables on plant nutrients (availability and uptake). Additionally, it addresses the effect of soil carbon sequestration, as one of climate change mitigations, on plant nutrition and how relevant management practices can positively influence this.
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3
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Gao Y, Persson DP, Vincze E, Schjoerring JK. Modification of storage proteins in the barley grain increases endosperm zinc and iron under both normal and elevated atmospheric CO 2. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13624. [PMID: 35023171 PMCID: PMC9303220 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to enhance the grain yield of C3 cereal plants, while at the same time reducing the concentrations of minerals and proteins. This will lead to a lower nutritional quality and increase global problems associated with micronutrient malnutrition. Among the barley grain storage proteins, the C-hordein fraction has the lowest abundance of sulfur (S) containing amino acids and is poorest in binding of zinc (Zn). In the present study, C-hordein-suppressed barley lines with reduced C-hordein content, obtained by use of antisense or RNAi technology, were investigated under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Grains of the C-hordein-suppressed lines showed 50% increase in the concentrations of Zn and iron (Fe) in the core endosperm relative to the wild-type under both ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 . Element distribution images obtained using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the enrichment of Fe and Zn in the core endosperm of the lines with modified storage protein composition. We conclude that modification of grain storage proteins may improve the nutritional value of cereal grain with respect to Zn and Fe under both normal and future conditions of elevated atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Gao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Daniel P. Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Eva Vincze
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre FlakkebjergAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Jan K. Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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4
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Astolfi S, Celletti S, Vigani G, Mimmo T, Cesco S. Interaction Between Sulfur and Iron in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670308. [PMID: 34354720 PMCID: PMC8329491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that S interacts with some macronutrients, such as N, P, and K, as well as with some micronutrients, such as Fe, Mo, Cu, Zn, and B. From our current understanding, such interactions could be related to the fact that: (i) S shares similar chemical properties with other elements (e.g., Mo and Se) determining competition for the acquisition/transport process (SULTR transporter family proteins); (ii) S-requiring metabolic processes need the presence of other nutrients or regulate plant responses to other nutritional deficiencies (S-containing metabolites are the precursor for the synthesis of ethylene and phytosiderophores); (iii) S directly interacts with other elements (e.g., Fe) by forming complexes and chemical bonds, such as Fe-S clusters; and (iv) S is a constituent of organic molecules, which play crucial roles in plants (glutathione, transporters, etc.). This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the interplay between Fe and S in plants. It has been demonstrated that plant capability to take up and accumulate Fe strongly depends on S availability in the growth medium in both monocots and dicot plants. Moreover, providing S above the average nutritional need enhances the Fe content in wheat grains, this beneficial effect being particularly pronounced under severe Fe limitation. On the other hand, Fe shortage induces a significant increase in the demand for S, resulting in enhanced S uptake and assimilation rate, similar to what happens under S deficiency. The critical evaluation of the recent studies on the modulation of Fe/S interaction by integrating old and new insights gained on this topic will help to identify the main knowledge gaps. Indeed, it remains a challenge to determine how the interplay between S and Fe is regulated and how plants are able to sense environmental nutrient fluctuations and then to adapt their uptake, translocation, assimilation, and signaling. A better knowledge of the mechanisms of Fe/S interaction might considerably help in improving crop performance within a context of limited nutrient resources and a more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Astolfi,
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Tanja Mimmo,
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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5
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Mariem SB, Gámez AL, Larraya L, Fuertes-Mendizabal T, Cañameras N, Araus JL, McGrath SP, Hawkesford MJ, Murua CG, Gaudeul M, Medina L, Paton A, Cattivelli L, Fangmeier A, Bunce J, Tausz-Posch S, Macdonald AJ, Aranjuelo I. Assessing the evolution of wheat grain traits during the last 166 years using archived samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21828. [PMID: 33311545 PMCID: PMC7733497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on yield and nutritional quality changes of wheat grain over the last 166 years. It is based on wheat grain quality analyses carried out on samples collected between 1850 and 2016. Samples were obtained from the Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment (UK) and from herbaria from 16 different countries around the world. Our study showed that, together with an increase in carbohydrate content, an impoverishment of mineral composition and protein content occurred. The imbalance in carbohydrate/protein content was specially marked after the 1960's, coinciding with strong increases in ambient [CO2] and temperature and the introduction of progressively shorter straw varieties. The implications of altered crop physiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinda Ben Mariem
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Government of Navarre, AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), Av. Pamplona 123, 31006, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Angie L Gámez
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Government of Navarre, AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), Av. Pamplona 123, 31006, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Luis Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Dpto. Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Cañameras
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EsteveTerrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - José L Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Steve P McGrath
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Carmen Gonzalez Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, UA, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Leopoldo Medina
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Real Jardín Botánico, C/ Claudio Moyano 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan Paton
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Agricultural Research Council (CREA), Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, Fiorenzuolad'Arda, Italy
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - James Bunce
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Lab (Retired), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University Australia, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Andy J Macdonald
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-Government of Navarre, AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), Av. Pamplona 123, 31006, Mutilva, Spain.
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6
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Dzomeku BM, Wald JP, Wünsche JN, Nohr D, Biesalski HK. Climate Change Enhanced Carotenoid Pro-Vitamin A Levels of Selected Plantain Cultivars. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040541. [PMID: 32331213 PMCID: PMC7238263 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diet diversification and the exploitation of traditional, micronutrient-rich germplasm of staple crops are generally regarded as sustainable and low-cost approaches to increase the micronutrient intake of resource-poor people. Sun's UV index was collected daily throughout the year. The study assessed the seasonality of provitamin A carotenoids in three plantain cultivars in response to climatic condition. Fruits were harvested at three maturities and freeze-dried before analysis. The results showed that there were high levels of the sun's UV-B radiations throughout the year with the highest occurring from November to May when the area experienced clear skies with minimal cloud cover. These high levels of the sun's UV-B index occurred between 9.00 h GMT and 17.00 h GMT. The study also showed that α-carotene content increased with maturity in "Apantu" during the rainy seasons ranging from 95 to 172 μg/100 g of dry pulp. Similar trends were observed during the dry season with a range of 28 to 489 μg/100 g. The α-carotene contents were very high in the periods of high sun's UV-B radiations compared to the periods of low sun's UV-B radiations. The α-carotene levels in the giant French plantains showed similar trends. Intermediate French "Oniaba" and False Horn "Apantu" plantain cultivar showed the highest content of β-carotene during the dry season. The high provitamin A carotenoid levels in the cultivars coincided with the high levels of the sun's UV index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beloved Mensah Dzomeku
- CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi AK000-AK911, Ghana
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-24-4763722
| | - Julian P. Wald
- Institute of Nutrition Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garben strasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.P.W.); (D.N.); (H.K.B.)
| | - Jens Norbert Wünsche
- Department of Crop Science, Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops (340f), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Donatus Nohr
- Institute of Nutrition Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garben strasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.P.W.); (D.N.); (H.K.B.)
| | - Hans K. Biesalski
- Institute of Nutrition Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garben strasse 30, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.P.W.); (D.N.); (H.K.B.)
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Kumar J, Choudhary AK, Gupta DS, Kumar S. Towards Exploitation of Adaptive Traits for Climate-Resilient Smart Pulses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2971. [PMID: 31216660 PMCID: PMC6627977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulses are the main source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. These are primarily cultivated on marginal lands with few inputs in several resource-poor countries of the world, including several in South Asia. Their cultivation in resource-scarce conditions exposes them to various abiotic and biotic stresses, leading to significant yield losses. Furthermore, climate change due to global warming has increased their vulnerability to emerging new insect pests and abiotic stresses that can become even more serious in the coming years. The changing climate scenario has made it more challenging to breed and develop climate-resilient smart pulses. Although pulses are climate smart, as they simultaneously adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change, their narrow genetic diversity has always been a major constraint to their improvement for adaptability. However, existing genetic diversity still provides opportunities to exploit novel attributes for developing climate-resilient cultivars. The mining and exploitation of adaptive traits imparting tolerance/resistance to climate-smart pulses can be accelerated further by using cutting-edge approaches of biotechnology such as transgenics, genome editing, and epigenetics. This review discusses various classical and molecular approaches and strategies to exploit adaptive traits for breeding climate-smart pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208 024, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208 024, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299, Rabat-Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
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8
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Comparative Analysis of Perennial and Annual Phaseolus Seed Nutrient Concentrations. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term agricultural sustainability is dependent in part on our capacity to provide productive, nutritious crops that minimize the negative impacts of agriculture on the landscape. Perennial grains within an agroforestry context offers one solution: These plants produce large root systems that reduce soil erosion and simultaneously have the potential to produce nutrients to combat malnutrition. However, nutrient compositions of wild, perennial, herbaceous species, such as those related to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are not well known. In this study, seed ion and amino acid concentrations of perennial and annual Phaseolus species were quantified using ionomics and mass spectrometry. No statistical difference was observed for Zn, toxic ions (e.g., As) or essential amino acid concentrations (except threonine) between perennial and annual Phaseolus species. However, differences were observed for some nutritionally important ions. For example, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and P concentrations were higher in annual species; further, ion and amino acid concentrations appear to be largely independent of each other. These results suggest variability in ion and amino acid concentrations exist in Phaseolus. As new crop candidates are considered for ecological services, nutritional quality should be optimized to maximize nutrient output of sustainable food crops.
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9
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Zhang H, Li Y, Zhu JK. Developing naturally stress-resistant crops for a sustainable agriculture. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:989-996. [PMID: 30478360 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A major problem facing humanity is that our numbers are growing but the availability of land and fresh water for agriculture is not. This problem is being exacerbated by climate change-induced increases in drought, and other abiotic stresses. Stress-resistant crops are needed to ensure yield stability under stress conditions and to minimize the environmental impacts of crop production. Evolution has created thousands of species of naturally stress-resistant plants (NSRPs), some of which have already been subjected to human domestication and are considered minor crops. Broader cultivation of these minor crops will diversify plant agriculture and the human diet, and will therefore help improve global food security and human health. More research should be directed toward understanding and utilizing NSRPs. Technologies are now available that will enable researchers to rapidly improve the genetics of NSRPs, with the goal of increasing NSRP productivity while retaining NSRP stress resistance and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Abstract
Humans have domesticated hundreds of plant and animal species as sources of food, fiber, forage, and tools over the past 12,000 years, with manifold effects on both human society and the genetic structure of the domesticated species. The outcomes of crop domestication were shaped by selection driven by human preferences, cultivation practices, and agricultural environments, as well as other population genetic processes flowing from the ensuing reduction in effective population size. It is obvious that any selection imposes a reduction of diversity, favoring preferred genotypes, such as nonshattering seeds or increased palatability. Furthermore, agricultural practices greatly reduced effective population sizes of crops, allowing genetic drift to alter genotype frequencies. Current advances in molecular technologies, particularly of genome sequencing, provide evidence of human selection acting on numerous loci during and after crop domestication. Population-level molecular analyses also enable us to clarify the demographic histories of the domestication process itself, which, together with expanded archaeological studies, can illuminate the origins of crops. Domesticated plant species are found in 160 taxonomic families. Approximately 2500 species have undergone some degree of domestication, and 250 species are considered to be fully domesticated. The evolutionary trajectory from wild to crop species is a complex process. Archaeological records suggest that there was a period of predomestication cultivation while humans first began the deliberate planting of wild stands that had favorable traits. Later, crops likely diversified as they were grown in new areas, sometimes beyond the climatic niche of their wild relatives. However, the speed and level of human intentionality during domestication remains a topic of active discussion. These processes led to the so-called domestication syndrome, that is, a group of traits that can arise through human preferences for ease of harvest and growth advantages under human propagation. These traits included reduced dispersal ability of seeds and fruits, changes to plant structure, and changes to plant defensive characteristics and palatability. Domestication implies the action of selective sweeps on standing genetic variation, as well as new genetic variation introduced via mutation or introgression. Furthermore, genetic bottlenecks during domestication or during founding events as crops moved away from their centers of origin may have further altered gene pools. To date, a few hundred genes and loci have been identified by classical genetic and association mapping as targets of domestication and postdomestication divergence. However, only a few of these have been characterized, and for even fewer is the role of the wild-type allele in natural populations understood. After domestication, only favorable haplotypes are retained around selected genes, which creates a genetic valley with extremely low genetic diversity. These “selective sweeps” can allow mildly deleterious alleles to come to fixation and may create a genetic load in the cultivated gene pool. Although the population-wide genomic consequences of domestication offer several predictions for levels of the genetic diversity in crops, our understanding of how this diversity corresponds to nutritional aspects of crops is not well understood. Many studies have found that modern cultivars have lower levels of key micronutrients and vitamins. We suspect that selection for palatability and increased yield at domestication and during postdomestication divergence exacerbated the low nutrient levels of many crops, although relatively little work has examined this question. Lack of diversity in modern germplasm may further limit our capacity to breed for higher nutrient levels, although little effort has gone into this beyond a handful of staple crops. This is an area where an understanding of domestication across many crop taxa may provide the necessary insight for breeding more nutritious crops in a rapidly changing world.
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Dwivedi SL, Lammerts van Bueren ET, Ceccarelli S, Grando S, Upadhyaya HD, Ortiz R. Diversifying Food Systems in the Pursuit of Sustainable Food Production and Healthy Diets. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:842-856. [PMID: 28716581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for nutritious, safe, and healthy food because of a growing population, and the pledge to maintain biodiversity and other resources, pose a major challenge to agriculture that is already threatened by a changing climate. Diverse and healthy diets, largely based on plant-derived food, may reduce diet-related illnesses. Investments in plant sciences will be necessary to design diverse cropping systems balancing productivity, sustainability, and nutritional quality. Cultivar diversity and nutritional quality are crucial. We call for better cooperation between food and medical scientists, food sector industries, breeders, and farmers to develop diversified and nutritious cultivars that reduce soil degradation and dependence on external inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, and to increase adaptation to climate change and resistance to emerging pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam L Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Edith T Lammerts van Bueren
- Louis Bolk Institute, Hoofdstraat 24, 3972 LA Driebergen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefania Grando
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Hari D Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Breeding, Sundsvagen, 14 Box 101, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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12
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Kashyap PL, Rai P, Srivastava AK, Kumar S. Trichoderma for climate resilient agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:155. [PMID: 28695465 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century for sustainable agricultural production. Several reports highlighted the need for better agricultural practices and use of eco-friendly methods for sustainable crop production under such situations. In this context, Trichoderma species could be a model fungus to sustain crop productivity. Currently, these are widely used as inoculants for biocontrol, biofertilization, and phytostimulation. They are reported to improve photosynthetic efficiency, enhance nutrient uptake and increase nitrogen use efficiency in crops. Moreover, they can be used to produce bio-energy, facilitate plants for adaptation and mitigate adverse effect of climate change. The technological advancement in high throughput DNA sequencing and biotechnology provided deep insight into the complex and diverse biotic interactions established in nature by Trichoderma spp. and efforts are being made to translate this knowledge to enhance crop growth, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses under field conditions. The discovery of several traits and genes that are involved in the beneficial effects of Trichoderma spp. has resulted in better understanding of the performance of bioinoculants in the field, and will lead to more efficient use of these strains and possibly to their improvement by genetic modification. The present mini-review is an effort to elucidate the molecular basis of plant growth promotion and defence activation by Trichoderma spp. to garner broad perspectives regarding their functioning and applicability for climate resilient agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Lal Kashyap
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, India. .,ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India.
| | - Pallavi Rai
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Alok Kumar Srivastava
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, 132001, India
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13
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Coskun D, Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Nutrient constraints on terrestrial carbon fixation: The role of nitrogen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:95-109. [PMID: 27318532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the earth's atmosphere are projected to rise from current levels near 400ppm to over 700ppm by the end of the 21st century. Projections over this time frame must take into account the increases in total net primary production (NPP) expected from terrestrial plants, which result from elevated CO2 (eCO2) and have the potential to mitigate the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that limitations in soil nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), the soil nutrient most limiting to plant growth, may greatly constrain future carbon fixation. Here, we review recent studies about the relationships between soil N supply, plant N nutrition, and carbon fixation in higher plants under eCO2, highlighting key discoveries made in the field, particularly from free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, and relate these findings to physiological and ecological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Dev T Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Canada.
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Halford NG, Foyer CH. Producing a road map that enables plants to cope with future climate change. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3433-3434. [PMID: 26266273 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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