1
|
Zhang Y, Xu T, Dong J. Asymmetric cell division in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:343-370. [PMID: 36610013 PMCID: PMC9975081 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental process that generates new cell types during development in eukaryotic species. In plant development, post-embryonic organogenesis driven by ACD is universal and more important than in animals, in which organ pattern is preset during embryogenesis. Thus, plant development provides a powerful system to study molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the key components and mechanisms involved in this important process in plants. Here, we present an overview of how ACD is determined and regulated in multiple biological processes in plant development and compare their conservation and specificity among different model cell systems. We also summarize the molecular roles and mechanisms of the phytohormones in the regulation of plant ACD. Finally, we conclude with the overarching paradigms and principles that govern plant ACD and consider how new technologies can be exploited to fill the knowledge gaps and make new advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08891, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McGee R, Dean GH, Wu D, Zhang Y, Mansfield SD, Haughn GW. Pectin Modification in Seed Coat Mucilage by In Vivo Expression of Rhamnogalacturonan-I- and Homogalacturonan-Degrading Enzymes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1912-1926. [PMID: 34059917 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall is essential for plant survival. Determining the relationship between cell wall structure and function using mutant analysis or overexpressing cell wall-modifying enzymes has been challenging due to the complexity of the cell wall and the appearance of secondary, compensatory effects when individual polymers are modified. In addition, viability of the plants can be severely impacted by wall modification. A useful model system for studying structure-function relationships among extracellular matrix components is the seed coat epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. These cells synthesize relatively simple, easily accessible, pectin-rich mucilage that is not essential for plant viability. In this study, we expressed enzymes predicted to modify polysaccharide components of mucilage in the apoplast of seed coat epidermal cells and explored their impacts on mucilage. The seed coat epidermal-specific promoter TESTA ABUNDANT2 (TBA2) was used to drive expression of these enzymes to avoid adverse effects in other parts of the plant. Mature transgenic seeds expressing Rhamnogalacturonate lyase A (RglA) or Rhamnogalacturonate lyase B (RglB) that degrade the pectin rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), a major component of mucilage, had greatly reduced mucilage capsules surrounding the seeds and concomitant decreases in the monosaccharides that comprise the RG-I backbone. Degradation of the minor mucilage component homogalacturonan (HG) using the HG-degrading enzymes Pectin lyase A (PLA) or ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE2 (ADPG2) resulted in developing seed coat epidermal cells with disrupted cell-cell adhesion and signs of early cell death. These results demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating the seed coat epidermal cell extracellular matrix using a targeted genetic engineering approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert McGee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- L'Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie (INRS-CAFSB), 531 des Prairies Blvd. Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Gillian H Dean
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 248-2357 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, Vanneste S, Chen X. Review: Membrane tethers control plasmodesmal function and formation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110800. [PMID: 33568299 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is crucial in coordinating diverse biological processes in multicellular organisms. In plants, communication between adjacent cells occurs via nanotubular passages called plasmodesmata (PD). The PD passage is composed of an appressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) internally, and plasma membrane (PM) externally, that traverses the cell wall, and associates with the actin-cytoskeleton. The coordination of the ER, PM and cytoskeleton plays a potential role in maintaining the architecture and conductivity of PD. Many data suggest that PD-associated proteins can serve as tethers that connect these structures in a functional PD, to regulate cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we summarize the organization and regulation of PD activity via tethering proteins, and discuss the importance of PD-mediated cell-to-cell communication in plant development and defense against environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Chen
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Waite JM, Collum TD, Dardick C. AtDRO1 is nuclear localized in root tips under native conditions and impacts auxin localization. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:197-210. [PMID: 32130643 PMCID: PMC7170825 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) contributes to the downward gravitropic growth trajectory of roots upstream of lateral auxin transport in monocots and dicots. Loss of DRO1 function leads to horizontally oriented lateral roots and altered gravitropic set point angle, while loss of all three DRO family members results in upward, vertical root growth. Here, we attempt to dissect the roles of AtDRO1 by analyzing expression, protein localization, auxin gradient formation, and auxin responsiveness in the atdro1 mutant. Current evidence suggests AtDRO1 is predominantly a membrane-localized protein. Here we show that VENUS-tagged AtDRO1 driven by the native AtDRO1 promoter complemented an atdro1 Arabidopsis mutant and the protein was localized in root tips and detectable in nuclei. atdro1 primary and lateral roots showed impairment in establishing an auxin gradient upon gravistimulation as visualized with DII-VENUS, a sensor for auxin signaling and proxy for relative auxin distribution. Additionally, PIN3 domain localization was not significantly altered upon gravistimulation in atdro1 primary and lateral roots. RNA-sequencing revealed differential expression of known root development-related genes in atdro1 mutants. atdro1 lateral roots were able to respond to exogenous auxin and AtDRO1 gene expression levels in root tips were unaffected by the addition of auxin. Collectively, the data suggest that nuclear localization may be important for AtDRO1 function and suggests a more nuanced role for DRO1 in regulating auxin-mediated changes in lateral branch angle. KEY MESSAGE: DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) when expressed from its native promoter is predominately localized in Arabidopsis root tips, detectable in nuclei, and impacts auxin gradient formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Waite
- Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Tamara D Collum
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diray-Arce J, Knowles A, Suvorov A, O’Brien J, Hansen C, Bybee SM, Gul B, Khan MA, Nielsen BL. Identification and evolutionary characterization of salt-responsive transcription factors in the succulent halophyte Suaeda fruticosa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222940. [PMID: 31545841 PMCID: PMC6756544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are key regulatory elements that affect gene expression in response to specific signals, including environmental stresses such as salinity. Halophytes are specialized plants that have the ability to complete their life cycle in saline environments. In this study we have identified and characterized the evolutionary relationships of putative transcription factors (TF) in an obligate succulent halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa, that are involved in conferring salt tolerance. Using RNA-seq data we have analyzed the expression patterns of certain TF families, predicted protein-protein interactions, and analyzed evolutionary trajectories to elucidate their possible roles in salt tolerance. We have detected the top differentially expressed (DE) transcription factor families (MYB, CAMTA, MADS-box and bZIP) that show the most pronounced response to salinity. The majority of DE genes in the four aforementioned TF families cluster together on TF phylogenetic trees, which suggests common evolutionary origins and trajectories. This research represents the first comprehensive TF study of a leaf succulent halophyte including their evolutionary relationships with TFs in other halophyte and salt-senstive plants. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the function of salt-responsive transcription factors in salt tolerance and associated gene regulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joann Diray-Arce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alisa Knowles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anton Suvorov
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jacob O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Collin Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Ajmal Khan
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gilmer D, Ratti C, Michel F. Long-distance movement of helical multipartite phytoviruses: keep connected or die? Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:120-128. [PMID: 30199788 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
All living organisms have to preserve genome integrity to ensure the survival of progeny generations. Viruses, though often regarded as 'non living', protect their nucleic acids from biotic and abiotic stresses, ranging from nuclease action to radiation-induced adducts. When the viral genome is split into multiple segments, preservation of at least one copy of each segment is required. While segmented and monopartite viruses use an all-in-one strategy, multipartite viruses have to address in the cell at least one of each viral particle in which the split positive stranded RNA genome is individually packaged. Here, we review and discuss the biology of multipartite helical RNA phytoviruses to outline our current hypothesis on a coordinated genomic RNA network RNP complex that preserves an all-in-one strategy and genome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gilmer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudio Ratti
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrice Michel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu KJ, Danila FR, Cho Y, Faulkner C. Peeking at a plant through the holes in the wall - exploring the roles of plasmodesmata. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1310-1314. [PMID: 29574753 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are membrane-lined pores that connect neighbouring plant cells and allow molecular exchange via the symplast. Past studies have revealed the basic structure of PD, some of the transport mechanisms for molecules through PD, and a variety of physiological processes in which they function. Recently, with the help of newly developed technologies, several exciting new features of PD have been revealed. New PD structures were observed during early formation of PD and between phloem sieve elements and phloem pole pericycle cells in roots. Both observations challenge our current understanding of PD structure and function. Research into novel physiological responses, which are regulated by PD, indicates that we have not yet fully explored the potential contribution of PD to overall plant function. In this Viewpoint article, we summarize some of the recent advances in understanding the structure and function of PD and propose the challenges ahead for the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Florence R Danila
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yueh Cho
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Programme, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu KJ, De Rybel B, van Mourik H, Weijers D. Regulation of intercellular TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 protein transport in the Arabidopsis root. Development 2018; 145:dev.152892. [PMID: 29358212 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication coordinates hypophysis establishment in the Arabidopsis embryo. Previously, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 (TMO7) was reported to be transported to the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root cap, and RNA suppression experiments implicated its function in embryonic root development. However, the protein properties and mechanisms mediating TMO7 protein transport, and the role the movement plays in development remained unclear. Here, we report that in the post-embryonic root, TMO7 and its close relatives are transported into the root cap through plasmodesmata in a sequence-dependent manner. We also show that nuclear residence is crucial for TMO7 transport, and postulate that modification, potentially phosphorylation, labels TMO7 for transport. Additionally, three novel CRISPR/Cas9-induced tmo7 alleles confirmed a role in hypophysis division, but suggest complex redundancies with close relatives in root formation. Finally, we demonstrate that TMO7 transport is biologically meaningful, as local expression partially restores hypophysis division in a plasmodesmal protein transport mutant. Our study identifies motifs and amino acids that are pivotal for TMO7 protein transport, and establishes the importance of TMO7 in hypophysis and root development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilda van Mourik
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
In vivo FRET-FLIM reveals cell-type-specific protein interactions in Arabidopsis roots. Nature 2017; 548:97-102. [PMID: 28746306 DOI: 10.1038/nature23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During multicellular development, specification of distinct cell fates is often regulated by the same transcription factors operating differently in distinct cis-regulatory modules, either through different protein complexes, conformational modification of protein complexes, or combinations of both. Direct visualization of different transcription factor complex states guiding specific gene expression programs has been challenging. Here we use in vivo FRET-FLIM (Förster resonance energy transfer measured by fluorescence lifetime microscopy) to reveal spatial partitioning of protein interactions in relation to specification of cell fate. We show that, in Arabidopsis roots, three fully functional fluorescently tagged cell fate regulators establish cell-type-specific interactions at endogenous expression levels and can form higher order complexes. We reveal that cell-type-specific in vivo FRET-FLIM distributions reflect conformational changes of these complexes to differentially regulate target genes and specify distinct cell fates.
Collapse
|
11
|
Casson SA. Plant Development: Suppression the Key to Asymmetric Cell Fate. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R1137-R1139. [PMID: 27825447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new study shows that SPEECHLESS determines cell fate in the stomatal lineage but is inherited equally by daughter cells following an asymmetric cell division. The polarity determinant BASL acts as a MAPK scaffold, targeting SPEECHLESS for degradation in the larger daughter cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long Y, Goedhart J, Schneijderberg M, Terpstra I, Shimotohno A, Bouchet BP, Akhmanova A, Gadella TWJ, Heidstra R, Scheres B, Blilou I. SCARECROW-LIKE23 and SCARECROW jointly specify endodermal cell fate but distinctly control SHORT-ROOT movement. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:773-84. [PMID: 26415082 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular signaling through trafficking of regulatory proteins is a widespread phenomenon in plants and can deliver positional information for the determination of cell fate. In the Arabidopsis root meristem, the cell fate determinant SHORT-ROOT (SHR), a GRAS domain transcription factor, acts as a signaling molecule from the stele to the adjacent layer to specify endodermal cell fate. Upon exiting the stele, SHR activates another GRAS domain transcription factor, SCARCROW (SCR), which, together with several BIRD/INDETERMINATE DOMAIN proteins, restricts movement of SHR to define a single cell layer of endodermis. Here we report that endodermal cell fate also requires the joint activity of both SCR and its closest homologue SCARECROW-LIKE23 (SCL23). We show that SCL23 protein moves with zonation-dependent directionality. Within the meristem, SCL23 exhibits short-ranged movement from ground tissue to vasculature. Away from the meristem, SCL23 displays long-range rootward movement into meristematic vasculature and a bidirectional radial spread, respectively. As a known target of SHR and SCR, SCL23 also interacts with SCR and SHR and can restrict intercellular outspread of SHR without relying on nuclear retention as SCR does. Collectively, our data show that SCL23 is a mobile protein that controls movement of SHR and acts redundantly with SCR to specify endodermal fate in the root meristem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Long
- Plant Developmental Biology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
- Molecular Genetics, Department Biology, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | | | - Inez Terpstra
- Molecular Genetics, Department Biology, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Akie Shimotohno
- Molecular Genetics, Department Biology, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Plant Developmental Biology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
- Molecular Genetics, Department Biology, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Scheres
- Plant Developmental Biology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
- Molecular Genetics, Department Biology, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Plant Developmental Biology, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
- Molecular Genetics, Department Biology, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3581CH, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Colling J, Tohge T, De Clercq R, Brunoud G, Vernoux T, Fernie AR, Makunga NP, Goossens A, Pauwels L. Overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana signalling peptide TAXIMIN1 affects lateral organ development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5337-49. [PMID: 26071531 PMCID: PMC4526920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organ boundary formation is highly regulated by transcription factors and hormones such as auxins and brassinosteroids. However, in contrast to many other developmental processes in plants, no role for signalling peptides in the regulation of this process has been reported yet. The first characterization of the secreted cysteine-rich TAXIMIN (TAX) signalling peptides in Arabidopsis is presented here. TAX1 overexpression resulted in minor alterations in the primary shoot and root metabolome, abnormal fruit morphology, and fusion of the base of cauline leaves to stems forming a decurrent leaf attachment. The phenotypes at the paraclade junction match TAX1 promoter activity in this region and are similar to loss of LATERAL ORGAN FUSION (LOF) transcription factor function. Nevertheless, TAX1 expression was unchanged in lof1lof2 paraclade junctions and, conversely, LOF gene expression was unchanged in TAX1 overexpressing plants, suggesting TAX1 may act independently. This study identifies TAX1 as the first plant signalling peptide influencing lateral organ separation and implicates the existence of a peptide signal cascade regulating this process in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Colling
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, (VIB), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rebecca De Clercq
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, (VIB), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geraldine Brunoud
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nokwanda P Makunga
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, (VIB), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, (VIB), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Drisch RC, Stahl Y. Function and regulation of transcription factors involved in root apical meristem and stem cell maintenance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:505. [PMID: 26217359 PMCID: PMC4491714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots are essential for overall plant development, growth, and performance by providing anchorage in the soil and uptake of nutrients and water. The primary root of higher plants derives from a group of pluripotent, mitotically active stem cells residing in the root apical meristem (RAM) which provides the basis for growth, development, and regeneration of the root. The stem cells in the Arabidopsis thaliana RAM are surrounding the quiescent center (QC), which consists of a group of rarely dividing cells. The QC maintains the stem cells in a non-cell-autonomous manner and prevents them from differentiation. The necessary dynamic but also tight regulation of the transition from stem cell fate to differentiation most likely requires complex regulatory mechanisms to integrate external and internal cues. Transcription factors play a central role in root development and are regulated by phytohormones, small signaling molecules, and miRNAs. In this review we give a comprehensive overview about the function and regulation of specific transcription factors controlling stem cell fate and root apical meristem maintenance and discuss the possibility of TF complex formation, subcellular translocations and cell-to-cell movement functioning as another level of regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- *Correspondence: Yvonne Stahl, Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|