1
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Chen HH, Zheng QX, Yu F, Xie SR, Jiang JG. Development of a chloroplast expression system for Dunaliella salina. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 179:110464. [PMID: 38850682 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is an innovative expression system due to its distinct advantages such as high salt tolerance, low susceptibility to contamination, and the absence of the cell wall. While nuclear transformation has been extensively studied, research on D. salina chloroplast transformation remains in the preliminary stages. In this study, we established an efficient chloroplast expression system for D. salina using Golden Gate assembly. We developed a D. salina toolkit comprising essential components such as chloroplast-specific promoters, terminators, homologous fragments, and various vectors. We confirmed its functionality by expressing the EGFP protein. Moreover, we detailed the methodology of the entire construction process. This expression system enables the specific targeting of foreign genes through simple homologous recombination, resulting in stable expression in chloroplasts. The toolkit achieved a relatively high transformation efficiency within a shorter experimental cycle. Consequently, the construction and utilization of this toolkit have the potential to enhance the efficiency of transgenic engineering in D. salina and advance the development of microalgal biofactories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qian-Xi Zheng
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shan-Rong Xie
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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2
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Rajput BK, Ikram SF, Tripathi BN. Harnessing the potential of microalgae for the production of monoclonal antibodies and other recombinant proteins. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01967-6. [PMID: 38970700 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become indispensable tools in various fields, from research to therapeutics, diagnostics, and industries. However, their production, primarily in mammalian cell culture systems, is cost-intensive and resource-demanding. Microalgae, diverse photosynthetic microorganisms, are gaining attention as a favorable option for manufacturing mAbs and various other recombinant proteins. This review explores the potential of microalgae as a robust expression system for biomanufacturing high-value proteins. It also highlights the diversity of microalgae species suitable for recombinant protein. Nuclear and chloroplast genomes of some microalgae have been engineered to express mAbs and other valuable proteins. Codon optimization, vector construction, and other genetic engineering techniques have significantly improved recombinant protein expression in microalgae. These accomplishments demonstrate the potential of microalgae for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Microalgal biotechnology holds promise for revolutionizing the production of mAbs and other therapeutic proteins, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution to address critical healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Kaur Rajput
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Sana Fatima Ikram
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India.
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3
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Santaniello G, Falascina G, Ziaco M, Fioretto L, Sardo A, Carelli M, Conte M, Romano G, Cutignano A. Distribution and Level of Bioactive Monoacylglycerols in 12 Marine Microalgal Species. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:258. [PMID: 38921569 PMCID: PMC11205161 DOI: 10.3390/md22060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are currently considered an attractive source of highly valuable metabolites potentially exploitable as anticancer agents, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals and for bioenergy purposes. Their ease of culturing and their high growth rates further promote their use as raw material for the production of specialty products. In the present paper, we focused our attention on specific glycerol-based lipid compounds, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), which displayed in our previous studies a selective cytotoxic activity against the haematological U-937 and the colon HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Here, we performed a quali/quantitative analysis of MAGs and total fatty acids (FAs) along with a profiling of the main lipid classes in a panel of 12 microalgal species, including diatoms and dinoflagellates. Our results highlight an inter- and intraspecific variability of MAG profile in the selected strains. Among them, Skeletonema marinoi (strain FE7) has emerged as the most promising source for possible biotechnological production of MAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Santaniello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianna Falascina
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Fioretto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Sardo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Martina Carelli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
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4
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Hammel A, Neupert J, Bock R. Optimized transgene expression in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum and efficient recombinant protein secretion into the culture medium. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:18. [PMID: 38353826 PMCID: PMC10866757 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a promising but yet underexplored production platform for biotechnology. The vast majority of studies on recombinant protein expression in algae have been conducted in a single species, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, due to epigenetic silencing, transgene expression in Chlamydomonas is often inefficient. Here we have investigated parameters that govern efficient transgene expression in the red microalga Porphyridium purpureum. Porphyridium is unique in that the introduced transformation vectors are episomally maintained as autonomously replicating plasmids in the nucleus. We show that full codon optimization to the preferred codon usage in the Porphyridium genome confers superior transgene expression, not only at the level of protein accumulation, but also at the level of mRNA accumulation, indicating that high translation rates increase mRNA stability. Our optimized expression constructs resulted in YFP accumulation to unprecedented levels of up to 5% of the total soluble protein. We also designed expression cassettes that target foreign proteins to the secretory pathway and lead to efficient protein secretion into the culture medium, thus simplifying recombinant protein harvest and purification. Our study paves the way to the exploration of red microalgae as expression hosts in molecular farming for recombinant proteins and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hammel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Juliane Neupert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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5
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McQuillan JL, Cutolo EA, Evans C, Pandhal J. Proteomic characterization of a lutein-hyperaccumulating Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant reveals photoprotection-related factors as targets for increasing cellular carotenoid content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37925447 PMCID: PMC10625216 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are emerging hosts for the sustainable production of lutein, a high-value carotenoid; however, to be commercially competitive with existing systems, their capacity for lutein sequestration must be augmented. Previous attempts to boost microalgal lutein production have focussed on upregulating carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, in part due to a lack of metabolic engineering targets for expanding lutein storage. RESULTS Here, we isolated a lutein hyper-producing mutant of the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and characterized the metabolic mechanisms driving its enhanced lutein accumulation using label-free quantitative proteomics. Norflurazon- and high light-resistant C. reinhardtii mutants were screened to yield four mutant lines that produced significantly more lutein per cell compared to the CC-125 parental strain. Mutant 5 (Mut-5) exhibited a 5.4-fold increase in lutein content per cell, which to our knowledge is the highest fold increase of lutein in C. reinhardtii resulting from mutagenesis or metabolic engineering so far. Comparative proteomics of Mut-5 against its parental strain CC-125 revealed an increased abundance of light-harvesting complex-like proteins involved in photoprotection, among differences in pigment biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and translation. Further characterization of Mut-5 under varying light conditions revealed constitutive overexpression of the photoprotective proteins light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1) and LHCSR3 and PSII subunit S regardless of light intensity, and increased accrual of total chlorophyll and carotenoids as light intensity increased. Although the photosynthetic efficiency of Mut-5 was comparatively lower than CC-125, the amplitude of non-photochemical quenching responses of Mut-5 was 4.5-fold higher than in CC-125 at low irradiance. CONCLUSIONS We used C. reinhardtii as a model green alga and identified light-harvesting complex-like proteins (among others) as potential metabolic engineering targets to enhance lutein accumulation in microalgae. These have the added value of imparting resistance to high light, although partially compromising photosynthetic efficiency. Further genetic characterization and engineering of Mut-5 could lead to the discovery of unknown players in photoprotective mechanisms and the development of a potent microalgal lutein production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L McQuillan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Caroline Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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6
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Agustinus B, Gillam EMJ. Solar-powered P450 catalysis: Engineering electron transfer pathways from photosynthesis to P450s. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112242. [PMID: 37187017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing focus on green chemistry, biocatalysis is becoming more widely used in the pharmaceutical and other chemical industries for sustainable production of high value and structurally complex chemicals. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are attractive biocatalysts for industrial application due to their ability to transform a huge range of substrates in a stereo- and regiospecific manner. However, despite their appeal, the industrial application of P450s is limited by their dependence on costly reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and one or more auxiliary redox partner proteins. Coupling P450s to the photosynthetic machinery of a plant allows photosynthetically-generated electrons to be used to drive catalysis, overcoming this cofactor dependency. Thus, photosynthetic organisms could serve as photobioreactors with the capability to produce value-added chemicals using only light, water, CO2 and an appropriate chemical as substrate for the reaction/s of choice, yielding new opportunities for producing commodity and high-value chemicals in a carbon-negative and sustainable manner. This review will discuss recent progress in using photosynthesis for light-driven P450 biocatalysis and explore the potential for further development of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadius Agustinus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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7
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Zhuang H, Ou Y, Chen R, Huang D, Wang C. Comparing the Ability of Secretory Signal Peptides for Heterologous Expression of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:346. [PMID: 37367671 DOI: 10.3390/md21060346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 3 (ALFPm3) possesses a wide antimicrobial spectrum and high antibacterial and viral activities for broad application prospects in the aquaculture industry. However, the application of ALFPm3 is limited by its low production in nature, as well as its low activity when expressed in Escherichia coli and yeast. Although it has been proven that its secretory expression can be used to produce antimicrobial peptides with strong antimicrobial activity, there is no study on the high-efficiency secretory expression of ALFPm3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this study, signal peptides ARS1 and CAH1 were fused with ALFPm3 and inserted into the pESVH vector to construct pH-aALF and pH-cALF plasmids, respectively, that were transformed to C. reinhardtii JUV using the glass bead method. Subsequently, through antibiotic screening, DNA-PCR, and RT-PCR, transformants expressing ALFPm3 were confirmed and named T-JaA and T-JcA, respectively. The peptide ALFPm3 could be detected in algal cells and culture medium by immunoblot, meaning that ALFPm3 was successfully expressed in C. reinhardtii and secreted into the extracellular environment. Moreover, ALFPm3 extracts from the culture media of T-JaA and T-JcA showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, and V. parahaemolyticus within 24 h. Interestingly, the inhibitory rate of c-ALFPm3 from T-JcA against four Vibrio was 2.77 to 6.23 times greater than that of a-ALFPm3 from T-JaA, indicating that the CAH1 signal peptide was more helpful in enhancing the secreted expression of the ALFPm3 peptide. Our results provided a new strategy for the secretory production of ALFPm3 with high antibacterial activity in C. reinhardtii, which could improve the application potentiality of ALFPm3 in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhuang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yaohui Ou
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biological Development and Application, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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8
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Jiji MG, Ninan MA, Thomas VP, Thomas BT. Edible microalgae: potential candidate for developing edible vaccines. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37359124 PMCID: PMC10136395 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-023-00636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are always a threat to all living beings. Today, in this world pathogens have no difficulty reaching anywhere. Every year new and deadly diseases are born and most of them are caused by viruses. Vaccines can provide lifelong immunity against infectious diseases, but the production cost of vaccines is unaffordable for a layman and traditional vaccines have certain limitations with storage and delivery. However, edible vaccines have shifted this paradigm and have received acceptance all over the world, especially in developing countries. Microalgae are one of the potential candidates for developing edible vaccines. Modifying microalgae as edible vaccines are gaining worldwide attention, especially in the world of science. Microalgae can augment the immune system as they are a promising source for antigen carriers and many of them are regarded as safe to eat. Moreover, they are a pantry of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. In addition, being resistant to animal pathogens they are less sophisticated for genetic modification. This review analyses the potential scope of microalgae as an edible vaccine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Grace Jiji
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
| | - Merin Ann Ninan
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
| | - V. P. Thomas
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
| | - Binoy T. Thomas
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
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Barone GD, Cernava T, Ullmann J, Liu J, Lio E, Germann AT, Nakielski A, Russo DA, Chavkin T, Knufmann K, Tripodi F, Coccetti P, Secundo F, Fu P, Pfleger B, Axmann IM, Lindblad P. Recent developments in the production and utilization of photosynthetic microorganisms for food applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14708. [PMID: 37151658 PMCID: PMC10161259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing use of photosynthetic microorganisms for food and food-related applications is driving related biotechnology research forward. Increasing consumer acceptance, high sustainability, demand of eco-friendly sources for food, and considerable global economic concern are among the main factors to enhance the focus on the novel foods. In the cases of not toxic strains, photosynthetic microorganisms not only provide a source of sustainable nutrients but are also potentially healthy. Several published studies showed that microalgae are sources of accessible protein and fatty acids. More than 400 manuscripts were published per year in the last 4 years. Furthermore, industrial approaches utilizing these microorganisms are resulting in new jobs and services. This is in line with the global strategy for bioeconomy that aims to support sustainable development of bio-based sectors. Despite the recognized potential of the microalgal biomass value chain, significant knowledge gaps still exist especially regarding their optimized production and utilization. This review highlights the potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria for food and food-related applications as well as their market size. The chosen topics also include advanced production as mixed microbial communities, production of high-value biomolecules, photoproduction of terpenoid flavoring compounds, their utilization for sustainable agriculture, application as source of nutrients in space, and a comparison with heterotrophic microorganisms like yeast to better evaluate their advantages over existing nutrient sources. This comprehensive assessment should stimulate further interest in this highly relevant research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D. Barone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Ullmann
- Roquette Klötze GmbH & Co. KG, Lockstedter Chaussee 1, D-38486, Klötze, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Elia Lio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta” Italian National Research Council (CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna T. Germann
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Nakielski
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David A. Russo
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstr. 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ted Chavkin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta” Italian National Research Council (CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Brian Pfleger
- Knufmann GmbH, Bergstraße 23, D-38486, Klötze, Germany
| | - Ilka M. Axmann
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Corresponding author. Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Miró-Vinyals B, Artigues M, Wostrikoff K, Monte E, Broto-Puig F, Leivar P, Planas A. Chloroplast engineering of the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the production of HAA, the lipid moiety of rhamnolipid biosurfactants. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:1-12. [PMID: 37004923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyalkanoyloxyalkanoates (HAA) are lipidic surfactants with a number of potential applications, but more remarkably, they are the biosynthetic precursors of rhamnolipids (RL), which are preferred biosurfactants thanks to their excellent physicochemical properties, biological activities, and environmental biodegradability. Because the natural highest producer of RLs is the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, important efforts have been dedicated to transfer production to heterologous non-pathogenic microorganisms. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are emerging as important hosts for sustainable industrial biotechnology due to their ability to transform CO2 efficiently into biomass and bioproducts of interest. Here, we have explored the potential of the eukaryotic green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a chassis to produce RLs. Chloroplast genome engineering allowed the stable functional expression of the gene encoding RhlA acyltransferase from P. aeruginosa, an enzyme catalyzing the condensation of two 3-hydroxyacyl acid intermediaries in the fatty acid synthase cycle, to produce HAA. Four congeners of varying chain lengths were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, including C10-C10 and C10-C8, and the less abundant C10-C12 and C10-C6 congeners. HAA was present in the intracellular fraction, but also showed increased accumulation in the extracellular medium. Moreover, HAA production was also observed under photoautotrophic conditions based on atmospheric CO2. These results establish that RhlA is active in the chloroplast and is able to produce a new pool of HAA in a eukaryotic host. Subsequent engineering of microalgal strains should contribute to the development of an alternative clean, safe and cost-effective platform for the sustainable production of RLs. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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11
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New Synthetic Operon Vectors for Expressing Multiple Proteins in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chloroplast. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020368. [PMID: 36833295 PMCID: PMC9956277 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising platform for generating valuable commercial products, including proteins that may not express well in more traditional cell culture systems. In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, transgenic proteins can be expressed from either the nuclear or chloroplast genome. Expression in the chloroplast has several advantages, but technology is not yet well developed for expressing multiple transgenic proteins simultaneously. Here, we developed new synthetic operon vectors to express multiple proteins from a single chloroplast transcription unit. We modified an existing chloroplast expression vector to contain intercistronic elements derived from cyanobacterial and tobacco operons and tested the ability of the resulting operon vectors to express two or three different proteins at a time. All operons containing two of the coding sequences (for C. reinhardtii FBP1 and atpB) expressed the products of those genes, but operons containing the other two coding sequences (C. reinhardtii FBA1 and the synthetic camelid antibody gene VHH) did not. These results expand the repertoire of intercistronic spacers that can function in the C. reinhardtii chloroplast, but they also suggest that some coding sequences do not function well in the context of synthetic operons in this alga.
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Hogendoorn C, Pol A, de Graaf R, White PB, Mesman R, van Galen PM, van Alen TA, Cremers G, Jansen RS, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp HJM. " Candidatus Hydrogenisulfobacillus filiaventi" strain R50 gen. nov. sp. nov., a highly efficient producer of extracellular organic compounds from H 2 and CO 2. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151097. [PMID: 37032882 PMCID: PMC10080006 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of organic molecules is largely depending on fossil fuels. A sustainable alternative would be the synthesis of these compounds from CO2 and a cheap energy source, such as H2, CH4, NH3, CO, sulfur compounds or iron(II). Volcanic and geothermal areas are rich in CO2 and reduced inorganic gasses and therefore habitats where novel chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms for the synthesis of organic compounds could be discovered. Here we describe "Candidatus Hydrogenisulfobacillus filiaventi" R50 gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic, autotrophic H2-oxidizing microorganism, that fixed CO2 and excreted no less than 0.54 mol organic carbon per mole fixed CO2. Extensive metabolomics and NMR analyses revealed that Val, Ala and Ile are the most dominant form of excreted organic carbon while the aromatic amino acids Tyr and Phe, and Glu and Lys were present at much lower concentrations. In addition to these proteinogenic amino acids, the excreted carbon consisted of homoserine lactone, homoserine and an unidentified amino acid. The biological role of the excretion remains uncertain. In the laboratory, we noticed the production under high growth rates (0.034 h-1, doubling time of 20 h) in combination with O2-limitation, which will most likely not occur in the natural habitat of this strain. Nevertheless, this large production of extracellular organic molecules from CO2 may open possibilities to use chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms for the sustainable production of important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hogendoorn
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob de Graaf
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Mesman
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Galen
- Department of Systems Chemistry, IMM, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Theo A. van Alen
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert Cremers
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert S. Jansen
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mike S. M. Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Huub J. M. Op den Camp,
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Mohammadi FS, Arabian D. Optimization of
Chlorella vulgaris
cultivation grown in waste molasses syrup using mixture design. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Malek Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Daryush Arabian
- Faculty of Applied Science Malek Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
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Jebali A, Sanchez MR, Hanschen ER, Starkenburg SR, Corcoran AA. Trait drift in microalgae and applications for strain improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108034. [PMID: 36089253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly used to generate a wide range of commercial products, and there is growing evidence that microalgae-based products can be produced sustainably. However, industrial production of microalgal biomass is not as developed as other biomanufacturing platform technologies. In addition, results of bench-scale research often fail to translate to large-scale or mass production systems. This disconnect may result from trait drift and evolution occurring, through time, in response to unique drivers in each environment, such as cultivation regimes, weather, and pests. Moreover, outdoor and indoor cultivation of microalgae has the potential to impose negative selection pressures, which makes the maintenance of desired traits a challenge. In this context, this review sheds the light on our current understanding of trait drift and evolution in microalgae. We delineate the basics of phenotype plasticity and evolution, with a focus on how microalgae respond under various conditions. In addition, we review techniques that exploit phenotypic plasticity and evolution for strain improvement in view of industrial commercial applications, highlighting associated advantages and shortcomings. Finally, we suggest future research directions and recommendations to overcome unwanted trait drift and evolution in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jebali
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.
| | - Monica R Sanchez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Erik R Hanschen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Alina A Corcoran
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
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Two Foreign Antimicrobial Peptides Expressed in the Chloroplast of Porphyridium purpureum Possessed Antibacterial Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080484. [PMID: 36005487 PMCID: PMC9409725 DOI: 10.3390/md20080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve the problem of antibiotic abuse in aquaculture and to utilize the application potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a chloroplast transformation system of Porphyridium purpureum was successfully constructed for effectively expressing two exogenous AMPs. The endogenous fragments of 16S rDNA/trnA-23S rDNA were used as flanking fragments for the homologous recombination in the chloroplast genome. Two AMPs encoded by the transformation vector were controlled by the native promoter psbB in a polycistron. The plasmids were transferred into P. purpureum via particle bombardment and the transformation vectors were screened using phosphinothricin (bar), a dominant selection marker under the control of the psbA promoter. Subsequently, in the positive transformed colonies, the exogenous fragments were found to be inserted in the flanking fragments directionally as expected and two foreign AMPs were successfully obtained. Finally, two exogenous peptides with antibacterial properties were obtained from the transformed strain. The two AMPs expressed by the transformed strain were shown to have similar inhibitory effects to antibiotics by inhibition tests. This suggested that AMPs can be introduced into aquaculture using baited microalgae, providing new ideas and ways to solve a series of aquaculture diseases caused by bacteria.
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16
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Cui H, Su Y, Wei W, Xu F, Gao J, Zhang W. How Microalgae is Effective in Oxygen Deficiency Aggravated Diseases? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3101-3122. [PMID: 35874112 PMCID: PMC9297331 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s368763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can aggravate the conditions of many oxygen-deficiency-aggravated diseases (ODAD), such as cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic wounds. Photosynthetic microalgae can alleviate the hepatotoxicity of the local microenvironment by producing oxygen. In addition, microalgae extracts have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. These properties make them attractive candidates for developing methods to treat ODAD. Although researchers have exploited the advantages of microalgae and developed a variety of microalgae-based biomaterials to treat ODAD, a comprehensive review of this topic has not been presented previously. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the development and progress made in the field of developing microalgae-based biomaterials toward the treatment of ODAD. The challenges and prospects of this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqing Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kumari S, Lali AM, Prakash G. Development of chloroplast engineering tools for Asterarcys sp.: A resilient scenedesmaceae microalga. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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18
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Muth-Pawlak D, Kreula S, Gollan PJ, Huokko T, Allahverdiyeva Y, Aro EM. Patterning of the Autotrophic, Mixotrophic, and Heterotrophic Proteomes of Oxygen-Evolving Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891895. [PMID: 35694301 PMCID: PMC9175036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomes of an oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, were analyzed under photoautotrophic (low and high CO2, assigned as ATLC and ATHC), photomixotrophic (MT), and light-activated heterotrophic (LAH) conditions. Allocation of proteome mass fraction to seven sub-proteomes and differential expression of individual proteins were analyzed, paying particular attention to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism–centered sub-proteomes affected by the quality and quantity of the carbon source and light regime upon growth. A distinct common feature of the ATHC, MT, and LAH cultures was low abundance of inducible carbon-concentrating mechanisms and photorespiration-related enzymes, independent of the inorganic or organic carbon source. On the other hand, these cells accumulated a respiratory NAD(P)H dehydrogenase I (NDH-11) complex in the thylakoid membrane (TM). Additionally, in glucose-supplemented cultures, a distinct NDH-2 protein, NdbA, accumulated in the TM, while the plasma membrane-localized NdbC and terminal oxidase decreased in abundance in comparison to both AT conditions. Photosynthetic complexes were uniquely depleted under the LAH condition but accumulated under the ATHC condition. The MT proteome displayed several heterotrophic features typical of the LAH proteome, particularly including the high abundance of ribosome as well as amino acid and protein biosynthesis machinery-related components. It is also noteworthy that the two equally light-exposed ATHC and MT cultures allocated similar mass fractions of the total proteome to the seven distinct sub-proteomes. Unique trophic condition-specific expression patterns were likewise observed among individual proteins, including the accumulation of phosphate transporters and polyphosphate polymers storing energy surplus in highly energetic bonds under the MT condition and accumulation under the LAH condition of an enzyme catalyzing cyanophycin biosynthesis. It is concluded that the rigor of cell growth in the MT condition results, to a great extent, by combining photosynthetic activity with high intracellular inorganic carbon conditions created upon glucose breakdown and release of CO2, besides the direct utilization of glucose-derived carbon skeletons for growth. This combination provides the MT cultures with excellent conditions for growth that often exceeds that of mere ATHC.
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19
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Fe 3O 4-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111786. [PMID: 35683642 PMCID: PMC9182367 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic separation of microalgae using magnetite is a promising harvesting method as it is fast, reliable, low cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. In the present work, magnetic harvesting of three green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides) and one cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) has been studied. The biomass was flushed with clean air using a 0.22 μm filter and fed CO2 for accelerated growth and faster reach of the exponential growth phase. The microalgae were harvested with magnetite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by controlled co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations in ammonia at room temperature. Subsequently, the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The prepared materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, and zeta potential measurements. The prepared nanomaterials were used for magnetic harvesting of microalgae. The highest harvesting efficiencies were found for PEI-coated Fe3O4. The efficiency was pH-dependent. Higher harvesting efficiencies, up to 99%, were obtained in acidic solutions. The results show that magnetic harvesting can be significantly enhanced by PEI coating, as it increases the positive electrical charge of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, the flocculants can be prepared at room temperature, thereby reducing the production costs.
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20
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Castellanos-Huerta I, Gómez-Verduzco G, Tellez-Isaias G, Ayora-Talavera G, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Petrone-García VM, Velázquez-Juárez G, Fernández-Siurob I. Transformation of Dunaliella salina by Agrobacterium tumefaciens for the Expression of the Hemagglutinin of Avian Influenza Virus H5. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020361. [PMID: 35208815 PMCID: PMC8877374 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is one of the main threats to the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination efforts are based on inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines, where the virus hemagglutinin (HA) is the main component of any vaccine formulation. This study uses Dunaliella salina to express the AIV HA protein of an H5 virus. D. salina offers a system of feasible culture properties, generally recognized as safe for humans (GRAS), with N-glycosylation and nuclear transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The cloning and transformation of D. salina cells with the H5HA gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed HA5r protein expression, and the correct expression and biological activity of the HA5r protein were confirmed by a hemagglutination assay (HA). This study proves the feasibility of using a different biological system for expressing complex antigens from viruses. These findings suggest that a complex protein such as HA5r from AIV (H5N2) can be successfully expressed in D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkar Castellanos-Huerta
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-442-2163119
| | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida 97000, Mexico;
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Avenida Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Manuel Petrone-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Gilberto Velázquez-Juárez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
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21
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Xia D, Qiu W, Wang X, Liu J. Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives of Microalgae-Derived Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:703. [PMID: 34940702 PMCID: PMC8703604 DOI: 10.3390/md19120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal cells serve as solar-powered factories that produce pharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins (vaccines and drugs), and valuable natural byproducts that possess medicinal properties. The main advantages of microalgae as cell factories can be summarized as follows: they are fueled by photosynthesis, are carbon dioxide-neutral, have rapid growth rates, are robust, have low-cost cultivation, are easily scalable, pose no risk of human pathogenic contamination, and their valuable natural byproducts can be further processed. Despite their potential, there are many technical hurdles that need to be overcome before the commercial production of microalgal pharmaceuticals, and extensive studies regarding their impact on human health must still be conducted and the results evaluated. Clearly, much work remains to be done before microalgae can be used in the large-scale commercial production of pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advancements in microalgal biotechnology and its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Wen Qiu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Junying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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22
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Liao YC, Chang CC, Nagarajan D, Chen CY, Chang JS. Algae-derived hydrocolloids in foods: applications and health-related issues. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3787-3801. [PMID: 34281484 PMCID: PMC8806640 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1946359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocolloids are a class of food additives with broad applications in the food industry to develop structure in food ingredients. Hydrocolloids can be synthetic, plant-based, or animal-based. Increasing consumer awareness has led to the use of natural food ingredients derived from natural sources, making algae-derived hydrocolloids more appealing nowadays. Algae-derived hydrocolloids such as carrageenan, agar, and alginate are widely used in the food industry as thickening, gelling, and emulsifying agents. Carrageenans are sulfated polysaccharides with diverse structural specificities. The safety of carrageenan use in the food industry has been widely debated recently due to the reported pro-inflammatory activities of carrageenan and the probable digestion of carrageenan by the gut microbiota to generate pro-inflammatory oligosaccharides. In contrast, both agar and alginate are primarily nontoxic, and generally no dispute regarding the use of the same in food ingredients. This review provides an overview of the algae industry, the food additives, the algae-derived hydrocolloids, the applications of algae-derived hydrocolloids in food industries, health-related studies, and other sectors, along with future perspectives. Even though differences of opinion exist in the use of carrageenan, it is continued to be used by the food industry and will be used until suitable alternatives are available. In summary, algal hydrocolloids are 'label-friendly' and considered a safe option against synthetic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Improved saccharification of Chlorella vulgaris biomass by fungal secreted enzymes for bioethanol production. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Nuclear Transformation of a Biotechnologically Important Microalga- Euglena gracilis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126299. [PMID: 34208268 PMCID: PMC8230907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) is an attractive organism due to its evolutionary history and substantial potential to produce biochemicals of commercial importance. This study describes the establishment of an optimized protocol for the genetic transformation of E. gracilis mediated by Agrobacterium (A. tumefaciens). E. gracilis was found to be highly sensitive to hygromycin and zeocin, thus offering a set of resistance marker genes for the selection of transformants. A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) yielded hygromycin-resistant cells. However, hygromycin-resistant cells hosting the gus gene (encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS)) were found to be GUS-negative, indicating that the gus gene had explicitly been silenced. To circumvent transgene silencing, GUS was expressed from the nuclear genome as transcriptional fusions with the hygromycin resistance gene (hptII) (encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase II) with the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV)-derived 2A self-cleaving sequence placed between the coding sequences. ATMT of Euglena with the hptII-2A–gus gene yielded hygromycin-resistant, GUS-positive cells. The transformation was verified by PCR amplification of the T-DNA region genes, determination of GUS activity, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Cocultivation factors optimization revealed that a higher number of transformants was obtained when A. tumefaciens LBA4404 (A600 = 1.0) and E. gracilis (A750 = 2.0) cultures were cocultured for 48 h at 19 °C in an organic medium (pH 6.5) containing 50 µM acetosyringone. Transformation efficiency of 8.26 ± 4.9% was achieved under the optimized cocultivation parameters. The molecular toolkits and method presented here can be used to bioengineer E. gracilis for producing high-value products and fundamental studies.
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Scognamiglio V, Giardi MT, Zappi D, Touloupakis E, Antonacci A. Photoautotrophs-Bacteria Co-Cultures: Advances, Challenges and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3027. [PMID: 34199583 PMCID: PMC8199690 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microorganisms are among the fundamental living organisms exploited for millennia in many industrial applications, including the food chain, thanks to their adaptable behavior and intrinsic proprieties. The great multipotency of these photoautotroph microorganisms has been described through their attitude to become biofarm for the production of value-added compounds to develop functional foods and personalized drugs. Furthermore, such biological systems demonstrated their potential for green energy production (e.g., biofuel and green nanomaterials). In particular, the exploitation of photoautotrophs represents a concrete biorefinery system toward sustainability, currently a highly sought-after concept at the industrial level and for the environmental protection. However, technical and economic issues have been highlighted in the literature, and in particular, challenges and limitations have been identified. In this context, a new perspective has been recently considered to offer solutions and advances for the biomanufacturing of photosynthetic materials: the co-culture of photoautotrophs and bacteria. The rational of this review is to describe the recently released information regarding this microbial consortium, analyzing the critical issues, the strengths and the next challenges to be faced for the intentions attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (M.T.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Maria Teresa Giardi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (M.T.G.); (D.Z.)
- Biosensor S.r.l., Via Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Italy
| | - Daniele Zappi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (M.T.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (M.T.G.); (D.Z.)
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Abstract
Microalgae have become an attractive natural source of a diverse range of biomolecules, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants; nevertheless, economically sustainable production of such compounds from microalgae biomass is still challenging. The main hurdles are: (a) increasing microalgae yield; (b) achieving optimal cultivation conditions; (c) energy-efficient and cost-effective downstream processing (extraction and purification); (d) optimal storage of post-processed antioxidant molecules. This review provides a detailed overview of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the cellular metabolism of the commercially important microalgae Dunaliella, industrial applications of antioxidant enzymes, strategies to enhanced antioxidant accumulation in cells, and the opportunities and limitations of current technologies for antioxidant enzymes production from microalgae biomass as an alternative to common microbial sources.
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Kiran BR, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgal Cell Biofactory-Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:836. [PMID: 33919450 PMCID: PMC8143517 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India;
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Jareonsin S, Pumas C. Advantages of Heterotrophic Microalgae as a Host for Phytochemicals Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:628597. [PMID: 33644020 PMCID: PMC7907617 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.628597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most commercial recombinant technologies rely on host systems. However, each host has their own benefits and drawbacks, depending on the target products. Prokaryote host is lack of post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, making them unsuitable for eukaryotic productions like phytochemicals. Even there are other eukaryote hosts (e.g., transgenic animals, mammalian cell, and transgenic plants), but those hosts have some limitations, such as low yield, high cost, time consuming, virus contamination, and so on. Thus, flexible platforms and efficient methods that can produced phytochemicals are required. The use of heterotrophic microalgae as a host system is interesting because it possibly overcome those obstacles. This paper presents a comprehensive review of heterotrophic microalgal expression host including advantages of heterotrophic microalgae as a host, genetic engineering of microalgae, genetic transformation of microalgae, microalgal engineering for phytochemicals production, challenges of microalgal hosts, key market trends, and future view. Finally, this review might be a directions of the alternative microalgae host for high-value phytochemicals production in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surumpa Jareonsin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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An epigenetic gene silencing pathway selectively acting on transgenic DNA in the green alga Chlamydomonas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6269. [PMID: 33293544 PMCID: PMC7722844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of exogenous DNA can make transgene expression very inefficient. Genetic screens in the model alga Chlamydomonas have demonstrated that transgene silencing can be overcome by mutations in unknown gene(s), thus producing algal strains that stably express foreign genes to high levels. Here, we show that the silencing mechanism specifically acts on transgenic DNA. Once a permissive chromatin structure has assembled, transgene expression can persist even in the absence of mutations disrupting the silencing pathway. We have identified the gene conferring the silencing and show it to encode a sirtuin-type histone deacetylase. Loss of gene function does not appreciably affect endogenous gene expression. Our data suggest that transgenic DNA is recognized and then quickly inactivated by the assembly of a repressive chromatin structure composed of deacetylated histones. We propose that this mechanism may have evolved to provide protection from potentially harmful types of environmental DNA. Strong transgene suppression has been observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors identify a sirtuin-type histone deacetylase that selectively acts on transgenic DNA to repress gene expression by assembling a repressive chromatin structure composed of deacetylated histones.
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Samak NA, Jia Y, Sharshar MM, Mu T, Yang M, Peh S, Xing J. Recent advances in biocatalysts engineering for polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste green recycling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106144. [PMID: 32987219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The massive waste of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) that ends up in the landfills and oceans and needs hundreds of years for degradation has attracted global concern. The poor stability and productivity of the available PET biocatalysts hinder their industrial applications. Active PET biocatalysts can provide a promising avenue for PET bioconversion and recycling. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies that could enhance the stability, catalytic activity, solubility, productivity, and re-usability of these PET biocatalysts under harsh conditions such as high temperatures, pH, and salinity. This has raised great attention in using bioengineering strategies to improve PET biocatalysts' robustness and catalytic behavior. Herein, historical and forecasting data of plastic production and disposal were critically reviewed. Challenges facing the PET degradation process and available strategies that could be used to solve them were critically highlighted and summarized. In this review, we also discussed the recent progress in enzyme bioengineering approaches used for discovering new PET biocatalysts, elucidating the degradation mechanism, and improving the catalytic performance, solubility, and productivity, critically assess their strength and weakness and highlighting the gaps of the available data. Discovery of more potential PET hydrolases and studying their molecular mechanism extensively via solving their crystal structure will widen this research area to move forward the industrial application. A deeper knowledge of PET molecular and degradation mechanisms will give great insight into the future identification of related enzymes. The reported bioengineering strategies during this review could be used to reduce PET crystallinity and to increase the operational temperature of PET hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Samak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China; Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yunpu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Moustafa M Sharshar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tingzhen Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Maohua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Sumit Peh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Battaglino B, Arduino A, Pagliano C. Mathematical modeling for the design of evolution experiments to study the genetic instability of metabolically engineered photosynthetic microorganisms. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Engineering of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 for the photoautotrophic production of light-sensitive riboflavin (vitamin B2). Metab Eng 2020; 62:275-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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García-Poza S, Leandro A, Cotas C, Cotas J, Marques JC, Pereira L, Gonçalves AMM. The Evolution Road of Seaweed Aquaculture: Cultivation Technologies and the Industry 4.0. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6528. [PMID: 32911710 PMCID: PMC7560192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are autotrophic organisms capable of producing many compounds of interest. For a long time, seaweeds have been seen as a great nutritional resource, primarily in Asian countries to later gain importance in Europe and South America, as well as in North America and Australia. It has been reported that edible seaweeds are rich in proteins, lipids and dietary fibers. Moreover, they have plenty of bioactive molecules that can be applied in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas. There are historical registers of harvest and cultivation of seaweeds but with the increment of the studies of seaweeds and their valuable compounds, their aquaculture has increased. The methodology of cultivation varies from onshore to offshore. Seaweeds can also be part of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), which has great opportunities but is also very challenging to the farmers. This multidisciplinary field applied to the seaweed aquaculture is very promising to improve the methods and techniques; this area is developed under the denominated industry 4.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Poza
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Carla Cotas
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - João C. Marques
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (A.L.); (J.C.); (J.C.M.); (L.P.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Roy UK, Nielsen BV, Milledge JJ. Effect of post-harvest conditions on antioxidant enzyme activity in Dunaliella tertiolecta biomass. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Gutiérrez CL, Muñoz C, San Martín M, Cadoret JP, Henríquez V. Chloroplast Dual Divergent Promoter Plasmid for Heterologous Protein Expression in Tetraselmis suecica (Chlorophyceae, Chlorodendrales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1066-1076. [PMID: 32359200 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic green microalga Tetraselmis suecica is commonly used for aquaculture purposes because of its high stress tolerance and ease of culture in a wide spectrum of environments; they are therefore suitable candidates for biotechnology applications. To date, no data are available regarding chloroplast transformation vectors based on specific endogenous promoters and homologous targeting regions. We report on the identification of Tetraselmis suecica genes encoding the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit protein, the photosystem II D1 protein and the ATP synthase CF1-beta subunit protein together with their untranslated regions (5'UTR, 3'UTR). The full-length ORFs of the putative genes with their regulatory sequences were obtained. We were also able to identify the downstream 3' end of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (23S) along with the 5S RNA end-to-end with the psbA gene on the complementary strand. The intergenic region between these genes appears to be a good target site for the integration of target proteins. Moreover, we identified a back-to-back promoter region among the rbcL and atpB genes. To assess the bidirectionality activities of both promoters, a dual reporter vector was constructed for Tetraselmis suecica transformation containing the cat and TurboGFP genes driven by the 5'rbcL/5'atpB divergent promoter. The vector included the 23S-5S and psbA nucleotide sequences as flanking regions. These flanking regions provided suitable insertion sites within the chloroplast genome for cassette integration via homologous recombination. Simultaneous expression of the chloramphenicol-resistant conferring gene and the gene coding for TurboGFP driven by 5'rbcL/5'atpB showed a potent natural bidirectional promoter as a reliable genetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Margarita San Martín
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Vitalia Henríquez
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Lefers RM, Tester M, Lauersen KJ. Emerging Technologies to Enable Sustainable Controlled Environment Agriculture in the Extreme Environments of Middle East-North Africa Coastal Regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32714341 PMCID: PMC7343771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite global shifts in attitudes toward sustainability and increasing awareness of human impact on the environment, projected population growth and climate change require technological adaptations to ensure food and resource security at a global scale. Although desert areas have long been proposed as ideal sites for solar electricity generation, only recently have efforts shifted toward development of specialized and regionally focused agriculture in these extreme environments. In coastal regions of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the most abundant resources are consistent intense sunlight and saline sea water. MENA coastal regions hold incredible untapped potential for agriculture driven by the combination of key emerging technologies in future greenhouse concepts: transparent infrared collecting solar panels and low energy salt water cooling. These technologies can be combined to create greenhouses that drive regionally relevant agriculture in this extreme environment, especially when the target crops are salt-tolerant plants and algal biomass. Future controlled environment agriculture concepts will not compete for municipal fresh water and can be readily integrated into local human/livestock/fisheries food chains. With strategic technological implementation, marginal lands in these environments could participate in production of biomass, sustainable energy generation, and the circular carbon economy. The goal of this perspective is to reframe the idea of these environments as extreme, to having incredible untapped development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Lefers
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, Unites States
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyle J. Lauersen
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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37
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de Oliveira DT, da Costa AAF, Costa FF, da Rocha Filho GN, do Nascimento LAS. Advances in the Biotechnological Potential of Brazilian Marine Microalgae and Cyanobacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122908. [PMID: 32599827 PMCID: PMC7356545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due the worldwide need to improve care for the environment and people, there is a great demand for the development of new renewable, sustainable, and less polluting technologies for food, health, and environmental industries. The marine environment is one of the main areas investigated in the search for alternatives to the raw materials currently used. Thereby, cyanobacteria and marine microalgae are microorganisms that are capable of producing a diverse range of metabolites useful for their cellular maintenance, but that also represent a great biotechnological potential. Due its great potential, they have an enormous appeal in the scientific research where, the biological activity of metabolites produced by these microorganisms, such as the antioxidant action of sterols are, some examples of biotechnological applications investigated around the world. Thereby, Brazil due to its extensive biodiversity, has high potential as a raw material supplier of marine waters, researching cyanobacteria and microalgae metabolites and their applications. Thus, this rapid review intends to present some important contributions and advances from Brazilian researchers, using the biomass of Brazilian cyanobacteria and marine microalgae, in order to illustrate the value of what has already been discovered and the enormous potential of what remains unexplored so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Terra de Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.T.d.O.); (L.A.S.d.N.); Tel.: +55-919-8171-4947
| | - Ana Alice Farias da Costa
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Fernandes Costa
- Campus of Salinópolis, Universidade Federal do Pará, Salinópolis, Pará, CEP 68721-000, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Narciso da Rocha Filho
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luís Adriano Santos do Nascimento
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oils of the Amazon, Universidade Federal do Pará, Perimetral Avenue, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-750, Brazil; (A.A.F.d.C.); (G.N.d.R.F.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street, Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.T.d.O.); (L.A.S.d.N.); Tel.: +55-919-8171-4947
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George J, Kahlke T, Abbriano RM, Kuzhiumparambil U, Ralph PJ, Fabris M. Metabolic Engineering Strategies in Diatoms Reveal Unique Phenotypes and Genetic Configurations With Implications for Algal Genetics and Synthetic Biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32582656 PMCID: PMC7290003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are photosynthetic microeukaryotes that dominate phytoplankton populations and have increasing applicability in biotechnology. Uncovering their complex biology and elevating strains to commercial standards depends heavily on robust genetic engineering tools. However, engineering microalgal genomes predominantly relies on random integration of transgenes into nuclear DNA, often resulting in detrimental “position-effects” such as transgene silencing, integration into transcriptionally-inactive regions, and endogenous sequence disruption. With the recent development of extrachromosomal transgene expression via independent episomes, it is timely to investigate both strategies at the phenotypic and genomic level. Here, we engineered the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to produce the high-value heterologous monoterpenoid geraniol, which, besides applications as fragrance and insect repellent, is a key intermediate of high-value pharmaceuticals. Using high-throughput phenotyping we confirmed the suitability of episomes for synthetic biology applications and identified superior geraniol-yielding strains following random integration. We used third generation long-read sequencing technology to generate a complete analysis of all transgene integration events including their genomic locations and arrangements associated with high-performing strains at a genome-wide scale with subchromosomal detail, never before reported in any microalga. This revealed very large, highly concatenated insertion islands, offering profound implications on diatom functional genetics and next generation genome editing technologies, and is key for developing more precise genome engineering approaches in diatoms, including possible genomic safe harbour locations to support high transgene expression for targeted integration approaches. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that exogenous DNA is not integrated inadvertently into the nuclear genome of extrachromosomal-expression clones, an important characterisation of this novel engineering approach that paves the road to synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jestin George
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Ralph
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele Fabris
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Vallesi A, Pucciarelli S, Buonanno F, Fontana A, Mangiagalli M. Bioactive molecules from protists: Perspectives in biotechnology. Eur J Protistol 2020; 75:125720. [PMID: 32569992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, mankind has benefited from the natural metabolic processes of microorganisms to obtain basic products such as fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. More recently, microorganisms have been exploited for the production of antibiotics, vitamins and enzymes to be used in medicine and chemical industries. Additionally, several modern drugs, including those for cancer therapy, are natural products or their derivatives. Protists are a still underexplored source of natural products potentially of interest for biotechnological and biomedical applications. This paper focuses on some examples of bioactive molecules from protists and associated bacteria and their possible use in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vallesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Federico Buonanno
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of E.C.H.T. Università degli Studi di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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40
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Newly discovered Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 is a robust cyanobacterial strain for high biomass production. Commun Biol 2020; 3:215. [PMID: 32382027 PMCID: PMC7205611 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, which use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide into biomass, are potential solar biorefineries for the sustainable production of chemicals and biofuels. However, yields obtained with current strains are still uncompetitive compared to existing heterotrophic production systems. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a new cyanobacterial strain, Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901, with promising features for green biotechnology. It is naturally transformable, has a short doubling time of ≈2 hours, grows at high light intensities and in a wide range of salinities and accumulates up to ≈33 g dry cell weight per litre when cultured in a shake-flask system using a modified growth medium − 1.7 to 3 times more than other strains tested under similar conditions. As a proof of principle, PCC 11901 engineered to produce free fatty acids yielded over 6 mM (1.5 g L−1), an amount comparable to that achieved by similarly engineered heterotrophic organisms. Włodarczyk et al. discover that cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 accumulates three times more biomass than other cyanobacterial strains in the same conditions. An engineered version of this strain also produces as much free fatty acid as other commonly used heterotrophic microorganisms, suggesting its utility for the sustainable production of carbon-based molecules.
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Ki MR, Pack SP. Fusion tags to enhance heterologous protein expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2411-2425. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Molina-Márquez A, Vila M, Rengel R, Fernández E, García-Maroto F, Vigara J, León R. Validation of a New Multicistronic Plasmid for the Efficient and Stable Expression of Transgenes in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E718. [PMID: 31979077 PMCID: PMC7037629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low stability of transgenes and high variability of their expression levels among the obtained transformants are still pending challenges in the nuclear genetic transformation of microalgae. We have generated a new multicistronic microalgal expression plasmid, called Phyco69, to make easier the large phenotypic screening usually necessary for the selection of high-expression stable clones. This plasmid contains a polylinker region (PLK) where any gene of interest (GOI) can be inserted and get linked, through a short viral self-cleaving peptide to the amino terminus of the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (APHVIII) from Streptomyces rimosus, which confers resistance to the antibiotic paromomycin. The plasmid has been validated by expressing a second antibiotic resistance marker, the ShBLE gene, which confers resistance to phleomycin. It has been shown, by RT-PCR and by phenotypic studies, that the fusion of the GOI to the selective marker gene APHVIII provides a simple method to screen and select the transformants with the highest level of expression of both the APHVIII gene and the GOI among the obtained transformants. Immunodetection studies have shown that the multicistronic transcript generated from Phyco69 is correctly processed, producing independent gene products from a common promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Molina-Márquez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA. University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.V.); (R.R.); (J.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Marta Vila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA. University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.V.); (R.R.); (J.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Rocío Rengel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA. University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.V.); (R.R.); (J.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Federico García-Maroto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Products, Agro-feed International Excellence campus, University of Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain;
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA. University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.V.); (R.R.); (J.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and RENSMA. University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (M.V.); (R.R.); (J.V.); (R.L.)
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Hernández-Ramírez J, Wong-Arce A, González-Ortega O, Rosales-Mendoza S. Expression in algae of a chimeric protein carrying several epitopes from tumor associated antigens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:46-52. [PMID: 31923507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies for cancer treatment constitute promising avenues to fight this global health issue. Algae can be used as both biofactories and delivery vehicles of vaccines; having low cost, fast growth, enhanced safety, and adjuvant effects as advantages. In the present study a multiepitope protein, called BCB, was designed as an attractive approach to develop new cancer immunotherapies. The BCB protein targets epitopes from the following tumor-associated antigens: human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), mucin-like glycoprotein 1 (MUC1), Wilms' tumor antigen (WT1), and mammaglobin. Moreover, the BCB protein is based on the B subunit of the heat labile E. coli enterotoxin as immunogenic carrier to brake tolerance against self-antigens. A synthetic BCB-coding gene was obtained and expressed in Schizochytrium sp. using the Algevir system. The BCB protein was successfully expressed in transformed algae at levels up to 637 μg/g fresh weight, retaining the GM1-binding activity. The algae-made BCB showed reactivity towards an anti-serum against the tumor cell line 4T1; evidencing its antigenicity. Moreover the immunogenicity was evidenced in mice immunized with BCB, which developed serum IgG antibodies reacting against the 4T1 lysate. This study constitutes the first step in the development of innovative algae-based vaccines against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Hernández-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Wong-Arce
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico.
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Gonçalves VD, Fagundes-Klen MR, Goes Trigueros DE, Kroumov AD, Módenes AN. Statistical and optimization strategies to carotenoids production by Tetradesmus acuminatus (LC192133.1) cultivated in photobioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Eser BE, Poborsky M, Dai R, Kishino S, Ljubic A, Takeuchi M, Jacobsen C, Ogawa J, Kristensen P, Guo Z. Rational Engineering of Hydratase from
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Reveals Critical Residues Directing Substrate Specificity and Regioselectivity. Chembiochem 2019; 21:550-563. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Michal Poborsky
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rongrong Dai
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Anita Ljubic
- Division of Food Technology, National Food InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet, Building 202 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michiki Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Division of Food Technology, National Food InstituteTechnical University of Denmark Kemitorvet, Building 202 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceDepartment of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg University Frederik Bayers Vej 7H 9220 Aalborg Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of EngineeringAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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Gonçalves VD, Fagundes-Klen MR, Trigueros DEG, Schuelter AR, Kroumov AD, Módenes AN. Combination of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for photostimulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls synthesis in Tetradesmus sp. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Jensen PE, Scharff LB. Engineering of plastids to optimize the production of high-value metabolites and proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 59:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Fast non-invasive monitoring of microalgal physiological stage in photobioreactors through Raman spectroscopy. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Revealing the potential of cyanobacteria in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals — A new bioactive approach. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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