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López-Martín M, Montero-Pau J, Ylla G, Gómez-Guillamón ML, Picó B, Pérez-de-Castro A. Insights into the early transcriptomic response against watermelon mosaic virus in melon. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:58. [PMID: 38245701 PMCID: PMC10799517 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is one of the most prevalent viruses affecting melon worldwide. Recessive resistance to WMV in melon has previously been reported in the African accession TGR-1551. Moreover, the genomic regions associated to the resistance have also been described. Nevertheless, the transcriptomic response that might infer the resistance to this potyvirus has not been explored. RESULTS We have performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis using mock and WMV-inoculated plants of the susceptible cultivar "Bola de oro" (BO) and a resistant RIL (Recombinant inbred line) derived from the initial cross between "TGR-1551" and BO. In total, 616 genes were identified as differentially expressed and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected 19 gene clusters (GCs), of which 7 were differentially expressed for the genotype x treatment interaction term. SNPs with a predicted high impact on the protein function were detected within the coding regions of most of the detected DEGs. Moreover, 3 and 16 DEGs were detected within the QTL regions previously described in chromosomes 11 and 5, respectively. In addition to these two specific genomic regions, we also observde large transcriptomic changes from genes spread across the genome in the resistant plants in response to the virus infection. This early response against WMV implied genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway or ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, in detriment to the photosynthetic and basal metabolites pathways. Moreover, the gene MELO3C021395, which coded a mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 33A (MED33A), has been proposed as the candidate gene located on chromosome 11 conferring resistance to WMV. CONCLUSIONS The comparative transcriptomic analysis presented here showed that, even though the resistance to WMV in TGR-1551 has a recessive nature, it triggers an active defense response at a transcriptomic level, which involves broad-spectrum resistance mechanisms. Thus, this study represents a step forward on our understanding of the mechanisms underlaying WMV resistance in melon. In addition, it sheds light into a broader topic on the mechanisms of recessive resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López-Martín
- COMAV, Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera, s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Instituto Cavanilles de biodiversidad y la biología evolutiva (ICBIBE), Universidad de Valencia, C/ del Catedrátic José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Guillem Ylla
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - María Luisa Gómez-Guillamón
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, CSIC-UMA, Avda. Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - Belén Picó
- COMAV, Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera, s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-de-Castro
- COMAV, Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera, s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
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Liu S, Lu C, Jiang G, Zhou R, Chang Y, Wang S, Wang D, Niu J, Wang Z. Comprehensive functional analysis of the PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s family in Bletilla striata reveals that BsPP2C22 and BsPP2C38 interact with BsPYLs and BsSnRK2s in response to multiple abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963069. [PMID: 36035678 PMCID: PMC9404246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the core regulation network for the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, the PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s family commonly exists in many species. For this study, a total of 9 BsPYLs, 66 BsPP2Cs, and 7 BsSnRK2s genes were identified based on the genomic databases of Bletilla striata, which were classified into 3, 10, and 3 subgroups, respectively. Basic bioinformatics analysis completed, including the physicochemical properties of proteins, gene structures, protein motifs and conserved domains. Multiple cis-acting elements related to stress responses and plant growth were found in promoter regions. Further, 73 genes were localized on 16 pseudochromosomes and 29 pairs of paralogous genes were found via intraspecific collinearity analysis. Furthermore, tissue-specific expression was found in different tissues and germination stages. There were two BsPYLs, 10 BsPP2Cs, and four BsSnRK2 genes that exhibited a difference in response to multiple abiotic stresses. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis revealed six important proteins BsPP2C22, BsPP2C38, BsPP2C64, BsPYL2, BsPYL8, and BsSnRK2.4 which were localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Finally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays suggested that BsPP2C22 and BsPP2C38 could interact with multiple BsPYLs and BsSnRK2s proteins. This study systematically reported on the identification and characterization of the PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s family in B. striata, which provided a conceptual basis for deep insights into the functionality of ABA core signal pathways in Orchidaceae.
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Liu Q, Ding J, Huang W, Yu H, Wu S, Li W, Mao X, Chen W, Xing J, Li C, Yan S. OsPP65 Negatively Regulates Osmotic and Salt Stress Responses Through Regulating Phytohormone and Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide Metabolic Pathways in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:34. [PMID: 35779169 PMCID: PMC9250576 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating plant development and various stress responses, their specific roles in rice abiotic stress tolerance are still largely unknown. In this study, the functions of OsPP65 in rice osmotic and salt stress tolerance were investigated. Here, we report that OsPP65 is responsive to multiple stresses and is remarkably induced by osmotic and salt stress treatments. OsPP65 was highly expressed in rice seedlings and leaves and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. OsPP65 knockout rice plants showed enhanced tolerance to osmotic and salt stresses. Significantly higher induction of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis or signaling, as well as higher contents of endogenous JA and ABA, were observed in the OsPP65 knockout plants compared with the wild-type plants after osmotic stress treatment. Further analysis indicated that JA and ABA function independently in osmotic stress tolerance conferred by loss of OsPP65. Moreover, metabolomics analysis revealed higher endogenous levels of galactose and galactinol but a lower content of raffinose in the OsPP65 knockout plants than in the wild-type plants after osmotic stress treatment. These results together suggest that OsPP65 negatively regulates osmotic and salt stress tolerance through regulation of the JA and ABA signaling pathways and modulation of the raffinose family oligosaccharide metabolism pathway in rice. OsPP65 is a promising target for improvement of rice stress tolerance using gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jierong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Hang Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaowen Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junlian Xing
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Chen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Li L, Zhu XM, Zhang YR, Cai YY, Wang JY, Liu MY, Wang JY, Bao JD, Lin FC. Research on the Molecular Interaction Mechanism between Plants and Pathogenic Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094658. [PMID: 35563048 PMCID: PMC9104627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by fungi are one of the major threats to global food security and understanding the interactions between fungi and plants is of great significance for plant disease control. The interaction between pathogenic fungi and plants is a complex process. From the perspective of pathogenic fungi, pathogenic fungi are involved in the regulation of pathogenicity by surface signal recognition proteins, MAPK signaling pathways, transcription factors, and pathogenic factors in the process of infecting plants. From the perspective of plant immunity, the signal pathway of immune response, the signal transduction pathway that induces plant immunity, and the function of plant cytoskeleton are the keys to studying plant resistance. In this review, we summarize the current research progress of fungi–plant interactions from multiple aspects and discuss the prospects and challenges of phytopathogenic fungi and their host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.W.); (J.-D.B.)
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.W.); (J.-D.B.)
| | - Yun-Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ying-Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Meng-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Jiao-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.W.); (J.-D.B.)
| | - Jian-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.W.); (J.-D.B.)
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (L.L.); (X.-M.Z.); (J.-Y.W.); (J.-D.B.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88404007
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Ayatollahi Z, Kazanaviciute V, Shubchynskyy V, Kvederaviciute K, Schwanninger M, Rozhon W, Stumpe M, Mauch F, Bartels S, Ulm R, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B, Meskiene I, Schweighofer A. Dual control of MAPK activities by AP2C1 and MKP1 MAPK phosphatases regulates defence responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2369-2384. [PMID: 35088853 PMCID: PMC9015810 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades transmit environmental signals and induce stress and defence responses in plants. These signalling cascades are negatively controlled by specific Ser/Thr protein phosphatases of the type 2C (PP2C) and dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) families that inactivate stress-induced MAPKs; however, the interplay between phosphatases of these different types has remained unknown. This work reveals that different Arabidopsis MAPK phosphatases, the PP2C-type AP2C1 and the DSP-type MKP1, exhibit both specific and overlapping functions in plant stress responses. Each single mutant, ap2c1 and mkp1, and the ap2c1 mkp1 double mutant displayed enhanced stress-induced activation of the MAPKs MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6, as well as induction of a set of transcription factors. Moreover, ap2c1 mkp1 double mutants showed an autoimmune-like response, associated with increased levels of the stress hormones salicylic acid and ethylene, and of the phytoalexin camalexin. This phenotype was reduced in the ap2c1 mkp1 mpk3 and ap2c1 mkp1 mpk6 triple mutants, suggesting that the autoimmune-like response is due to MAPK misregulation. We conclude that the evolutionarily distant MAPK phosphatases AP2C1 and MKP1 contribute crucially to the tight control of MAPK activities, ensuring appropriately balanced stress signalling and suppression of autoimmune-like responses during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ayatollahi
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaiva Kazanaviciute
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volodymyr Shubchynskyy
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kotryna Kvederaviciute
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Manfred Schwanninger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Rozhon
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, D-06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felix Mauch
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bartels
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPIMP), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Ruski 139 Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Schweighofer
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Lu F, Li W, Peng Y, Cao Y, Qu J, Sun F, Yang Q, Lu Y, Zhang X, Zheng L, Fu F, Yu H. ZmPP2C26 Alternative Splicing Variants Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:851531. [PMID: 35463404 PMCID: PMC9024303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.851531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) dephosphorylates proteins and plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, we characterized a clade B member of maize PP2C family, i.e., ZmPP2C26, that negatively regulated drought tolerance by dephosphorylating ZmMAPK3 and ZmMAPK7 in maize. The ZmPP2C26 gene generated ZmPP2C26L and ZmPP2C26S isoforms through untypical alternative splicing. ZmPP2C26S lost 71 amino acids including an MAPK interaction motif and showed higher phosphatase activity than ZmPP2C26L. ZmPP2C26L directly interacted with, dephosphorylated ZmMAPK3 and ZmMAPK7, and localized in chloroplast and nucleus, but ZmPP2C26S only dephosphorylated ZmMAPK3 and localized in cytosol and nucleus. The expression of ZmPP2C26L and ZmPP2C26 was significantly inhibited by drought stress. Meanwhile, the maize zmpp2c26 mutant exhibited enhancement of drought tolerance with higher root length, root weight, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate compared with wild type. However, overexpression of ZmPP2C26L and ZmPP2C26S significantly decreased drought tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice with lower root length, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that the ZmPP2C26 protein also altered phosphorylation level of proteins involved in photosynthesis. This study provides insights into understanding the mechanism of PP2C in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanjie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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The Protein Phosphatase GhAP2C1 Interacts Together with GhMPK4 to Synergistically Regulate the Immune Response to Fusarium oxysporum in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042014. [PMID: 35216128 PMCID: PMC8876771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays an important role in mediating responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and is the main pathway through which extracellular stimuli are transduced intracellularly as signals. Our previous research showed that the GhMKK6-GhMPK4 cascade signaling pathway plays an important role in cotton immunity. To further analyze the role and regulatory mechanism of the GhMKK6-GhMPK4 cascade signaling pathway in cotton resistance to Fusarium wilt, we functionally analyzed GhMPK4. Our results show that silencing GhMPK4 reduces cotton tolerance to Fusarium wilt and reduces the expression of several resistance genes. Further experiments revealed that GhMPK4 is similar to GhMKK6, both of whose overexpression cause unfavorable cotton immune response characteristics. By using a yeast two-hybrid screening library and performing a bioinformatics analysis, we screened and identified a negative regulator of the MAPK kinase-protein phosphatase AP2C1. Through the functional analysis of AP2C1, it was found that, after being silenced, GhAP2C1 increased resistance to Fusarium wilt, but GhAP2C1 overexpression caused sensitivity to Fusarium wilt. These findings show that GhAP2C1 interacts together with GhMPK4 to regulate the immune response of cotton to Fusarium oxysporum, which provides important data for functionally analyzing and studying the feedback regulatory mechanism of the MAPK cascade and helps to clarify the regulatory mechanism through which the MAPK cascade acts in response to pathogens.
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Hartmann A, Berkowitz O, Whelan J, Narsai R. Cross-species transcriptomic analyses reveals common and opposite responses in Arabidopsis, rice and barley following oxidative stress and hormone treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:62. [PMID: 35120438 PMCID: PMC8815143 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For translational genomics, a roadmap is needed to know the molecular similarities or differences between species, such as model species and crop species. This knowledge is invaluable for the selection of target genes and pathways to alter downstream in response to the same stimuli. Here, the transcriptomic responses to six treatments including hormones (abscisic acid - ABA and salicylic acid - SA); treatments that cause oxidative stress (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole - 3AT, methyl viologen - MV); inhibit respiration (antimycin A - AA) or induce genetic damage (ultraviolet radiation -UV) were analysed and compared between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and rice (Oryza sativa). RESULTS Common and opposite responses were identified between species, with the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) varying greatly between treatments and species. At least 70% of DEGs overlapped with at least one other treatment within a species, indicating overlapping response networks. Remarkably, 15 to 34% of orthologous DEGs showed opposite responses between species, indicating diversity in responses, despite orthology. Orthologous DEGs with common responses to multiple treatments across the three species were correlated with experimental data showing the functional importance of these genes in biotic/abiotic stress responses. The mitochondrial dysfunction response was revealed to be highly conserved in all three species in terms of responsive genes and regulation via the mitochondrial dysfunction element. CONCLUSIONS The orthologous DEGs that showed a common response between species indicate conserved transcriptomic responses of these pathways between species. However, many genes, including prominent salt-stress responsive genes, were oppositely responsive in multiple-stresses, highlighting fundamental differences in the responses and regulation of these genes between species. This work provides a resource for translation of knowledge or functions between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Reena Narsai
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food (LIAF), La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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Sun T, Zhang Y. MAP kinase cascades in plant development and immune signaling. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53817. [PMID: 35041234 PMCID: PMC8811656 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the functions of MAPK cascades in plants. This review summarizes the roles of MAPKs, known MAPK substrates, and our current understanding of MAPK cascades in plant development and innate immunity. In addition, recent findings on the molecular links connecting surface receptors to MAPK cascades and the mechanisms underlying MAPK signaling specificity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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10
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Zhang L, Takahashi Y, Schroeder JI. Protein kinase sensors: an overview of new designs for visualizing kinase dynamics in single plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:527-536. [PMID: 35142856 PMCID: PMC8491035 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase dynamics play key roles in regulation of cell differentiation, growth, development and in diverse cell signaling networks. Protein kinase sensors enable visualization of protein kinase activity in living cells and tissues in time and space. These sensors have therefore become important and powerful molecular tools for investigation of diverse kinase activities and can resolve long-standing and challenging biological questions. In the present Update, we review new advanced approaches for genetically encoded protein kinase biosensor designs developed in animal systems together with the basis of each biosensor's working principle and components. In addition, we review recent first examples of real time plant protein kinase activity biosensor development and application. We discuss how these sensors have helped to resolve how stomatal signal transduction in response to elevated CO2 merges with abscisic acid signaling downstream of a resolved basal SnRK2 kinase activity in guard cells. Furthermore, recent advances, combined with the new strategies described in this Update, can help deepen the understanding of how signaling networks regulate unique functions and responses in distinct plant cell types and tissues and how different stimuli and signaling pathways can interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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11
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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12
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Mateo de Arias M, Gao L, Sherwood DA, Dwivedi KK, Price BJ, Jamison M, Kowallis BM, Carman JG. Whether Gametophytes are Reduced or Unreduced in Angiosperms Might Be Determined Metabolically. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121449. [PMID: 33276690 PMCID: PMC7761559 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, meiotic failure coupled with the formation of genetically unreduced gametophytes in ovules (apomeiosis) constitute major components of gametophytic apomixis. These aberrant developmental events are generally thought to be caused by mutation. However, efforts to locate the responsible mutations have failed. Herein, we tested a fundamentally different hypothesis: apomeiosis is a polyphenism of meiosis, with meiosis and apomeiosis being maintained by different states of metabolic homeostasis. Microarray analyses of ovules and pistils were used to differentiate meiotic from apomeiotic processes in Boechera (Brassicaceae). Genes associated with translation, cell division, epigenetic silencing, flowering, and meiosis characterized sexual Boechera (meiotic). In contrast, genes associated with stress responses, abscisic acid signaling, reactive oxygen species production, and stress attenuation mechanisms characterized apomictic Boechera (apomeiotic). We next tested whether these metabolic differences regulate reproductive mode. Apomeiosis switched to meiosis when premeiotic ovules of apomicts were cultured on media that increased oxidative stress. These treatments included drought, starvation, and H2O2 applications. In contrast, meiosis switched to apomeiosis when premeiotic pistils of sexual plants were cultured on media that relieved oxidative stress. These treatments included antioxidants, glucose, abscisic acid, fluridone, and 5-azacytidine. High-frequency apomeiosis was initiated in all sexual species tested: Brassicaceae, Boechera stricta, Boechera exilis, and Arabidopsis thaliana; Fabaceae, Vigna unguiculata; Asteraceae, Antennaria dioica. Unreduced gametophytes formed from ameiotic female and male sporocytes, first division restitution dyads, and nucellar cells. These results are consistent with modes of reproduction and types of apomixis, in natural apomicts, being regulated metabolically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayelyn Mateo de Arias
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA; (M.M.d.A.); (L.G.); (D.A.S.); (B.J.P.)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, 10103 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Lei Gao
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA; (M.M.d.A.); (L.G.); (D.A.S.); (B.J.P.)
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - David A. Sherwood
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA; (M.M.d.A.); (L.G.); (D.A.S.); (B.J.P.)
- Sherwood Pet Health, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Krishna K. Dwivedi
- Caisson Laboratories, Inc., Smithfield, UT 84335, USA; (K.K.D.); (M.J.); (B.M.K.)
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, 284003 Jhansi, India
| | - Bo J. Price
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA; (M.M.d.A.); (L.G.); (D.A.S.); (B.J.P.)
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5750, USA
| | - Michelle Jamison
- Caisson Laboratories, Inc., Smithfield, UT 84335, USA; (K.K.D.); (M.J.); (B.M.K.)
- Wescor, Inc. An Elitech Company, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Becky M. Kowallis
- Caisson Laboratories, Inc., Smithfield, UT 84335, USA; (K.K.D.); (M.J.); (B.M.K.)
- Cytiva, Inc., Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - John G. Carman
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA; (M.M.d.A.); (L.G.); (D.A.S.); (B.J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-435-512-4913
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13
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Lu F, Wang K, Yan L, Peng Y, Qu J, Wu J, Cao Y, Yang Q, Fu F, Yu H. Isolation and characterization of maize ZmPP2C26 gene promoter in drought-response. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2189-2197. [PMID: 33268922 PMCID: PMC7688808 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The clade A members of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress response via the ABA signaling pathway. But little is known about other PP2C clades in plants. Our previous study showed that maize the ZmPP2C26, a clade B member of ZmPP2Cs, negatively regulated drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism of ZmPP2C26 remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of ZmPP2C26 gene in maize was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the expression of ZmPP2C26 in shoot and root was both significantly inhibited by drought stress. Subsequently, a 2175 bp promoter of ZmPP2C26 was isolated from maize genome (P 2175). To validate whether the promoter possess some key cis-element and negatively drive ZmPP2C26 expression in drought stress, three 5´-deletion fragments of 1505, 1084 and 215 bp was amplified from P 2175 and were fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS) and luciferase gene (LUC) to produce promoter::GUS and promoter::LUC constructs, and transformed into tobacco, respectively. Transient expression assays indicated that all promoters could drive GUS and LUC expression. The GUS and LUC activity were both significantly inhibited by PEG-6000 treatment. Notably, the - 1084 to - 215 bp promoter possess one MBS element and inhibits the expression of GUS and LUC under drought stress. Meanwhile, we found that the 215 bp length is enough to drive ZmPP2C26 expression. These findings will provide insights into understanding the transcription-regulatory mechanism of ZmPP2C26 negatively regulating drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lamei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 by Phosphatase LjPP2C is Involved in Regulating Nodule Organogenesis in Lotus japonicus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155565. [PMID: 32756503 PMCID: PMC7432216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) LjMPK6 is a phosphorylation target of SIP2, a MAPK kinase that interacts with SymRK (symbiosis receptor-like kinase) for regulation of legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Both LjMPK6 and SIP2 are required for nodulation in Lotus japonicus. However, the dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 and its regulatory components in nodule development remains unexplored. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified a type 2C protein phosphatase, LjPP2C, that specifically interacts with and dephosphorylates LjMPK6 in vitro. Physiological and biochemical assays further suggested that LjPP2C phosphatase is required for dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 in vivo and for fine-tuning nodule development after rhizobial inoculation. A non-phosphorylatable mutant variant LjMPK6 (T224A Y226F) could mimic LjPP2C functioning in MAPK dephosphorylation required for nodule development in hairy root transformed plants. Collectively, our study demonstrates that interaction with LjPP2C phosphatase is required for dephosphorylation of LjMPK6 to fine tune nodule development in L. japonicus.
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15
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Expanding the Toolkit of Fluorescent Biosensors for Studying Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155350. [PMID: 32731410 PMCID: PMC7432370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function, high resolution measurement of MAPK activation kinetics in different biological contexts would be beneficial. One method to measure MAPK activation in plants is via fluorescence-based genetically-encoded biosensors, which can provide real-time readouts of the temporal and spatial dynamics of kinase activation in living tissue. Although fluorescent biosensors have been widely used to study MAPK dynamics in animal cells, there is currently only one MAPK biosensor that has been described for use in plants. To facilitate creation of additional plant-specific MAPK fluorescent biosensors, we report the development of two new tools: an in vitro assay for efficiently characterizing MAPK docking domains and a translocation-based kinase biosensor for use in plants. The implementation of these two methods has allowed us to expand the available pool of plant MAPK biosensors, while also providing a means to generate more specific and selective MAPK biosensors in the future. Biosensors developed using these methods have the potential to enhance our understanding of the roles MAPKs play in diverse plant signaling networks affecting growth, development, and stress response.
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16
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In silico-prediction of protein-protein interactions network about MAPKs and PP2Cs reveals a novel docking site variants in Brachypodium distachyon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15083. [PMID: 30305661 PMCID: PMC6180098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie the molecular mechanisms of most biological processes. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) can be dephosphorylated by MAPK-specific phosphatases such as PP2C, which are critical to transduce extracellular signals into adaptive and programmed responses. However, the experimental approaches for identifying PPIs are expensive, time-consuming, laborious and challenging. In response, many computational methods have been developed to predict PPIs. Yet, these methods have inherent disadvantages such as high false positive and negative results. Thus, it is crucial to develop in silico approaches for predicting PPIs efficiently and accurately. In this study, we identified PPIs among 16 BdMAPKs and 86 BdPP2Cs in B. distachyon using a novel docking approach. Further, we systematically investigated the docking site (D-site) of BdPP2C which plays a vital role for recognition and docking of BdMAPKs. D-site analysis revealed that there were 96 pairs of PPIs including all BdMAPKs and most BdPP2Cs, which indicated that BdPP2C may play roles in other signaling networks. Moreover, most BdPP2Cs have a D-site for BdMAPKs in our prediction results, which suggested that our method can effectively predict PPIs, as confirmed by their 3D structure. In addition, we validated this methodology with known Arabidopsis and yeast phosphatase-MAPK interactions from the STRING database. The results obtained provide a vital research resource for exploring an accurate network of PPIs between BdMAPKs and BdPP2Cs.
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17
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Jiang H, Li Y, Qin H, Li Y, Qi H, Li C, Wang N, Li R, Zhao Y, Huang S, Yu J, Wang X, Zhu R, Liu C, Hu Z, Qi Z, Xin D, Wu X, Chen Q. Identification of Major QTLs Associated With First Pod Height and Candidate Gene Mining in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1280. [PMID: 30283463 PMCID: PMC6157441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
First pod height (FPH) is a quantitative trait in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that affects mechanized harvesting. A compatible combination of the FPH and the mechanized harvester is required to ensure that the soybean is efficiently harvested. In this study, 147 recombinant inbred lines, which were derived from a cross between 'Dongnong594' and 'Charleston' over 8 years, were used to identify the major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with FPH. Using a composite interval mapping method with WinQTLCart (version 2.5), 11 major QTLs were identified. They were distributed on five soybean chromosomes, and 90 pairs of QTLs showed significant epistatic associates with FPH. Of these, 3 were main QTL × main QTL interactions, and 12 were main QTL × non-main QTL interactions. A KEGG gene annotation of the 11 major QTL intervals revealed 8 candidate genes related to plant growth, appearing in the pathways K14486 (auxin response factor 9), K14498 (serine/threonine-protein kinase), and K13946 (transmembrane amino acid transporter family protein), and 7 candidate genes had high expression levels in the soybean stems. These results will aid in building a foundation for the fine mapping of the QTLs related to FPH and marker-assisted selection for breeding in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Qin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huidong Qi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Candong Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi Branch Institute, Jiamusi, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi Branch Institute, Jiamusi, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyu Huang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyao Yu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenbang Hu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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18
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Jiang L, Anderson JC, Gonzalez Besteiro MA, Peck SC. Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis MAP Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) Is Required for PAMP Responses and Resistance against Bacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1839-1852. [PMID: 29070514 PMCID: PMC5717735 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive potential pathogens via the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors, which initiates a series of intracellular responses that ultimately limit bacterial growth. PAMP responses include changes in intracellular protein phosphorylation, including the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs), such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) MKP1, are important negative regulators of MAPKs and play a crucial role in controlling the intensity and duration of MAPK activation during innate immune signaling. As such, the mkp1 mutant lacking MKP1 displays enhanced PAMP responses and resistance against the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Previous in vitro studies showed that MKP1 can be phosphorylated and activated by MPK6, suggesting that phosphorylation may be an important mechanism for regulating MKP1. We found that MKP1 was phosphorylated during PAMP elicitation and that phosphorylation stabilized the protein, resulting in protein accumulation after elicitation. MKP1 also can be stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, suggesting that MKP1 is constitutively degraded through the proteasome in the resting state. In addition, we investigated the role of MKP1 posttranslational regulation in plant defense by testing whether phenotypes of the mkp1 Arabidopsis mutant could be complemented by expressing phosphorylation site mutations of MKP1. The phosphorylation of MKP1 was found to be required for some, but not all, of MKP1's functions in PAMP responses and defense against bacteria. Together, our results provide insight into the roles of phosphorylation in the regulation of MKP1 during PAMP signaling and resistance to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | | | - Scott C Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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19
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Withers J, Dong X. Post-translational regulation of plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 38:124-132. [PMID: 28538164 PMCID: PMC5644497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved multi-layered molecular defense strategies to protect against pathogens. Plant immune signaling largely relies on post-translational modifications (PTMs) to induce rapid alterations of signaling pathways to achieve a response that is appropriate to the type of pathogen and infection pressure. In host cells, dynamic PTMs have emerged as powerful regulatory mechanisms that cells use to adjust their immune response. PTM is also a virulence strategy used by pathogens to subvert host immunity through the activities of effector proteins secreted into the host cell. Recent studies focusing on deciphering post-translational mechanisms underlying plant immunity have offered an in-depth view of how PTMs facilitate efficient immune responses and have provided a more dynamic and holistic view of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Withers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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