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Liu S, Yang H, Zhang H, Liu J, Ma S, Hui H, Wang L, Cheng Q, Shen H. Phenotypic, genetic, variation, and molecular function of CaMYB113 in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136300. [PMID: 39389497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is widely consumed vegetables worldwide, and F1 hybrids are highly sought after in the pepper seed industry. However, studies on gene mutations affecting the color of cotyledon are rare, and the same is true for peppers. In this study, a segregating population was developed by crossing the pepper accession 21C1344 with purple cotyledon and accession 21C912 with green cotyledon. Initially, a target genomic region was identified by screening polymorphic SSR markers distributed across 12 chromosomes. Subsequently, polymorphic markers were developed based on resequencing data from the two parental lines, and genetic linkage analysis was performed. This approach ultimately identified Capana10g001433 (CaMYB113) as the candidate gene responsible for the purple cotyledons. The gene mutation type in 21C912 represents a new mutation type distinct from the reported missense mutation types, and this mutation affects the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMYB113 substantially decreased anthocyanin accumulation in the cotyledons. Subsequent overexpression of CaMYB113 resulted in purple callus and leaves of pepper, and changed the expression levels of downstream genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase transient expression assays demonstrated the binding of CaMYB113 to anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, thereby regulating anthocyanin accumulation in pepper cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haizhou Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiankun Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Hui
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liru Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huolin Shen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Suprun AR, Manyakhin AY, Trubetskaya EV, Kiselev KV, Dubrovina AS. Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. by Exogenous Synthetic dsRNA Targeting Different Regions of SlTRY Gene. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2489. [PMID: 39273974 PMCID: PMC11396968 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory and protective mechanism that plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and control of plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses. In spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), exogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) are used to efficiently regulate target genes via plant surface treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of specific exogenous dsRNAs on silencing different regions (promoter, protein-coding and intron) of the target SlTRY tomato gene, encoding an R3-type MYB repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We also assessed the impact of targeting different SlTRY regions on the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis. This study demonstrated the critical importance of selecting the appropriate gene target region for dsRNA action. The highest inhibition of the SlTRY gene expression and activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was achieved by dsRNA complementary to the protein-coding region of SlTRY gene, compared with dsRNAs targeting the SlTRY promoter or intron regions. Silencing the SlTRY gene increased the content of anthocyanins and boosted levels of other substances in the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as caffeoyl putrescine, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid glucoside, feruloyl quinic acid, and rutin. This study is the first to examine the effects of four different dsRNAs targeting various regions of the SlTRY gene, an important negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey R Suprun
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Artem Yu Manyakhin
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Trubetskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Kiselev
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Dubrovina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Zhang Y, Pu Y, Zhang Y, Li K, Bai S, Wang J, Xu M, Liu S, Zhou Z, Wu Y, Hu R, Wu Q, Kear P, Du M, Qi J. Tuber transcriptome analysis reveals a novel WRKY transcription factor StWRKY70 potentially involved in potato pigmentation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108792. [PMID: 38851149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuber flesh pigmentation, conferred by the presence of secondary metabolite anthocyanins, is one of many key agronomic traits for potato tubers. Although several genes of potato anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, transcription factors (TFs) contributing to tuber flesh pigmentation are still not fully understood. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of diploid potato accessions with or without tuber flesh pigmentation was conducted and genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were found significantly enriched within the 1435 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and connectivity analysis pinpointed a subset of 173 genes closely related to the key biosynthetic gene StDFR. Of the eight transcription factors in the subset, group III WRKY StWRKY70, was chosen for showing high connectivity to StDFR and ten other anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and homology to known WRKYs of anthocyanin pathway. The transient activation assay showed StWRKY70 predominantly stimulated the expression of StDFR and StANS as well as the accumulation of anthocyanins by enhancing the function of the MYB transcription factor StAN1. Furthermore, the interaction between StWRKY70 and StAN1 was verified by Y2H and BiFC. Our analysis discovered a new transcriptional activator StWRKY70 which potentially involved in tuber flesh pigmentation, thus may lay the foundation for deciphering how the WRKY-MYB-bHLH-WD40 (WRKY-MBW) complex regulate the accumulation of anthocyanins and provide new strategies to breed for more nutritious potato varieties with enhanced tuber flesh anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Shunbuer Bai
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Mingxiang Xu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Suhui Liu
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Philip Kear
- International Potato Center (CIP), China Center for Asia Pacific, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miru Du
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jianjian Qi
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Yang G, Xue Z, Lin-Wang K, Chen G, Zhao Y, Chang Y, Xu S, Sun M, Xue C, Li J, Allan AC, Espley RV, Wu J. An 'activator-repressor' loop controls the anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-skinned pear. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:26. [PMID: 38945997 PMCID: PMC11215833 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The color of red-skinned pear (Pyrus spp.) is primarily attributed to accumulation of anthocyanins, which provide nutritional benefits for human health and are closely associated with the commercial value of fruits. Here, we reported the functional characterization of a R2R3-MYB repressor PyMYB107, which forms an 'activator-repressor' loop to control anthocyanin accumulation in the red-skinned pear. PyMYB107 overexpression inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis in both pear calli and fruits, while virus-induced gene silencing of PyMYB107 increased anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruits. Furthermore, ectopic expression of PyMYB107 decreased anthocyanin accumulation in tomato, strawberry and tobacco. PyMYB107 can competitively bind to PybHLH3 with PyMYB10/MYB114, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activation of key anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, PyANS and PyUFGT. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that mutations within the R3 domain and EAR motif of PyMYB107 eliminated its repressive activity. Additionally, PyMYB107 exhibited a comparable expression pattern to PyMYB10/MYB114 and was transcriptionally activated by them. Our finding advanced comprehension of the repression mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation, providing valuable molecular insights into improving quality of pear fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Yang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaolong Xue
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Guosong Chen
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaojun Chang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Cammareri M, Frary A, Frary A, Grandillo S. Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Fruit Bioactive Content: A Focus on Eggplant and Tomato Anthocyanins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6811. [PMID: 38928516 PMCID: PMC11204163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a large group of water-soluble flavonoid pigments. These specialized metabolites are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and play an essential role not only in plant reproduction and dispersal but also in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Anthocyanins are recognized as important health-promoting and chronic-disease-preventing components in the human diet. Therefore, interest in developing food crops with improved levels and compositions of these important nutraceuticals is growing. This review focuses on work conducted to elucidate the genetic control of the anthocyanin pathway and modulate anthocyanin content in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), two solanaceous fruit vegetables of worldwide relevance. While anthocyanin levels in eggplant fruit have always been an important quality trait, anthocyanin-based, purple-fruited tomato cultivars are currently a novelty. As detailed in this review, this difference in the anthocyanin content of the cultivated germplasm has largely influenced genetic studies as well as breeding and transgenic approaches to improve the anthocyanin content/profile of these two important solanaceous crops. The information provided should be of help to researchers and breeders in devising strategies to address the increasing consumer demand for nutraceutical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cammareri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA;
| | - Anne Frary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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Martinez-Sanchez M, Hunter DA, Saei A, Andre CM, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Clark G, Barry E, Allan AC. SmuMYB113 is the determinant of fruit color in pepino ( Solanum muricatum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408202. [PMID: 38966143 PMCID: PMC11222579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pepino (Solanum muricatum) is an herbaceous crop phylogenetically related to tomato and potato. Pepino fruit vary in color, size and shape, and are eaten fresh. In this study, we use pepino as a fruit model to understand the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling fruit quality. To identify the key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepino, two genotypes were studied that contrasted in foliar and fruit pigmentation. Anthocyanin profiles were analyzed, as well as the expression of genes that encode enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis and transcriptional regulators using both RNA-seq and quantitative PCR. The differential expression of the transcription factor genes R2R3 MYB SmuMYB113 and R3MYB SmuATV suggested their association with purple skin and foliage phenotype. Functional analysis of these genes in both tobacco and pepino showed that SmuMYB113 activates anthocyanins, while SmuATV suppresses anthocyanin accumulation. However, despite elevated expression in all tissues, SmuMYB113 does not significantly elevate flesh pigmentation, suggesting a strong repressive background in fruit flesh tissue. These results will aid understanding of the differential regulation controlling fruit quality aspects between skin and flesh in other fruiting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martinez-Sanchez
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Donald A. Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ali Saei
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christelle M. Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Glen Clark
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Barry
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Liu X, Zhao T, Yuan L, Qiu F, Tang Y, Li D, Zhang F, Zeng L, Yang C, Nagdy MM, Htun ZLL, Lan X, Chen M, Liao Z, Li Y. A Fruit-Expressed MYB Transcription Factor Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Atropa belladonna. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4963. [PMID: 38732182 PMCID: PMC11084770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoid pigments that play a crucial role in plant growth and metabolism. They serve as attractants for animals by providing plants with red, blue, and purple pigments, facilitating pollination and seed dispersal. The fruits of solanaceous plants, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena), primarily accumulate anthocyanins in the fruit peels, while the ripe fruits of Atropa belladonna (Ab) have a dark purple flesh due to anthocyanin accumulation. In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF), AbMYB1, was identified through association analysis of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation in different tissues of A. belladonna. Its role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis was investigated through gene overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi). Overexpression of AbMYB1 significantly enhanced the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, such as AbF3H, AbF3'5'H, AbDFR, AbANS, and Ab3GT, leading to increased anthocyanin production. Conversely, RNAi-mediated suppression of AbMYB1 resulted in decreased expression of most anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, as well as reduced anthocyanin contents in A. belladonna. Overall, AbMYB1 was identified as a fruit-expressed R2R3-MYB TF that positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. belladonna. This study provides valuable insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Solanaceae plants, laying the foundation for understanding anthocyanin accumulation especially in the whole fruits of solanaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Lina Yuan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Fei Qiu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Yueli Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Dan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Nagdy
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (M.M.N.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Zun Lai Lai Htun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
- Department of Botany, University of Magway, Magway 04012, Myanmar
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, The Center for Xizang Chinese (Tibetan) Medicine Resource, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
| | - Min Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (M.M.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
| | - Yan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.L.); (T.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.Q.); (Y.T.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.L.L.H.)
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Menconi J, Perata P, Gonzali S. In pursuit of purple: anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits of the tomato clade. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:589-604. [PMID: 38177013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, progress has been made in the characterization of anthocyanin synthesis in fruits of plants belonging to the tomato clade. The genomic elements underlying the activation of the process were identified, providing the basis for understanding how the pathway works in these species. In this review we explore the genetic mechanisms that have been characterized to date, and detail the various wild relatives of the tomato, which have been crucial for recovering ancestral traits that were probably lost during evolution from green-purple to yellow and red tomatoes. This knowledge should help developing strategies to further enhance the status of the commercial tomato lines on sale, based on both genome editing and breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Menconi
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Guidiccioni 10, San Giuliano Terme, 56010, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Guidiccioni 10, San Giuliano Terme, 56010, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Gonzali
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Guidiccioni 10, San Giuliano Terme, 56010, Pisa, Italy.
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9
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Guo D, Jiang H, Xie L. An R2R3-MYB Transcriptional Factor LuMYB314 Associated with the Loss of Petal Pigmentation in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:511. [PMID: 38674445 PMCID: PMC11050253 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The loss of anthocyanin pigments is one of the most common evolutionary transitions in petal color, yet the genetic basis for these changes in flax remains largely unknown. In this study, we used crossing studies, a bulk segregant analysis, genome-wide association studies, a phylogenetic analysis, and transgenic testing to identify genes responsible for the transition from blue to white petals in flax. This study found no correspondence between the petal color and seed color, refuting the conclusion that a locus controlling the seed coat color is associated with the petal color, as reported in previous studies. The locus controlling the petal color was mapped using a BSA-seq analysis based on the F2 population. However, no significantly associated genomic regions were detected. Our genome-wide association study identified a highly significant QTL (BP4.1) on chromosome 4 associated with flax petal color in the natural population. The combination of a local Manhattan plot and an LD heat map identified LuMYB314, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, as a potential gene responsible for the natural variations in petal color in flax. The overexpression of LuMYB314 in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum resulted in anthocyanin deposition, indicating that LuMYB314 is a credible candidate gene for controlling the petal color in flax. Additionally, our study highlights the limitations of the BSA-seq method in low-linkage genomic regions, while also demonstrating the powerful detection capabilities of GWAS based on high-density genomic variation mapping. This study enhances our genetic insight into petal color variations and has potential breeding value for engineering LuMYB314 to develop colored petals, bast fibers, and seeds for multifunctional use in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| | - Liqiong Xie
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
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10
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Zhou Y, Wu W, Sun Y, Shen Y, Mao L, Dai Y, Yang B, Liu Z. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under continuous blue light irradiation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:210. [PMID: 38519909 PMCID: PMC10960449 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essential that we understand how to use light to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. RESULT Pepper leaves were significantly blue-purple only in continuous blue light or white light (with a blue light component) irradiation treatments, and the anthocyanin content of pepper leaves increased significantly after continuous blue light irradiation. This green-to-purple phenotype change in pepper leaves was due to the expression of different genes. We found that the anthocyanin synthesis precursor-related genes PAL and 4CL, as well as the structural genes F3H, DFR, ANS, BZ1, and F3'5'H in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, had high expression under continuous blue light irradiation. Similarly, the expression of transcription factors MYB1R1-like, MYB48, MYB4-like isoform X1, bHLH143-like, and bHLH92-like isoform X3, and circadian rhythm-related genes LHY and COP1, were significantly increased after continuous blue light irradiation. A correlation network analysis revealed that these transcription factors and circadian rhythm-related genes were positively correlated with structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Metabolomic analysis showed that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside were significantly higher under continuous blue light irradiation relative to other light treatments. We selected 12 genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pepper leaves for qRT-PCR analysis, and the accuracy of the RNA-seq results was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that blue light and 24-hour irradiation together induced the expression of key genes and the accumulation of metabolites in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, thus promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper leaves. These results provide a basis for future study of the mechanisms of light quality and photoperiod in anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism, and our study may serve as a valuable reference for screening light ratios that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Lianzhen Mao
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bozhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhoubin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Education Ministry for Germplasm Innovation and Breeding New Varieties of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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11
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Zhang L, Duan Z, Ma S, Sun S, Sun M, Xiao Y, Ni N, Irfan M, Chen L, Sun Y. SlMYB7, an AtMYB4-Like R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor, Inhibits Anthocyanin Accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18758-18768. [PMID: 38012529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is a horticultural crop with an incomplete flavonoid metabolic pathway that does not typically accumulate anthocyanins in the fruit. In recent years, intensive studies of the loci Anthocyanin fruit (Aft) and atroviolacium (atv) have clarified the functions of positive regulators (R2R3-MYBs) and a negative regulator (CPC-MYB) in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the fruits. However, little is known about the R2R3-MYB repressors. Here, we used transient overexpression analysis to show that SlMYB7, a subgroup 4 AtMYB4-like R2R3-MYB, inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and reduced expression of anthocyanin synthase genes in the 'black pearl' tomato fruits, which usually accumulate high concentrations of anthocyanins. These findings revealed that SlMYB7 served as a repressor of anthocyanin production. Furthermore, SlMYB7 actively repressed SlANS expression by binding its promoter and passively inhibited anthocyanin synthesis by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins SlJAF13 and SlAN1, which are involved in the formation of MBW complexes. Thus, SlMYB7 and the MBW complex may coregulate the anthocyanin content of 'black pearl' tomato fruits via a negative feedback loop. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the future enhancement of tomato anthocyanin contents through genetic manipulation of the biosynthetic regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Zedi Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Shaokun Sun
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Yunhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Na Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Lijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110161, China
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12
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Qi Z, Wang W, Liu Z, Niu N, Li Z, Chen L, Zhu J, Li D, Liu Y. Anthocyanin Profiles in Colored Potato Tubers at Different Altitudes by HPLC-MS Analysis with Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Foods 2023; 12:4175. [PMID: 38002232 PMCID: PMC10670562 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated anthocyanin content of colored potatoes produces numerous health benefits in humans. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring the influence of environmental factors on anthocyanin components in colored potatoes. In our work, the Box-Behnken design was adopted to optimize anthocyanin extraction from colored potato tubers with ultrasound assistance. The response surface model was stable and reliable (R2 = 0.9775), and under optimal extraction conditions, namely an ultrasonic power of 299 W, an extraction time of 10 min, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g/mL), the yield reached 4.33 mg/g. Furthermore, the anthocyanins of colored potato tubers grown at different altitudes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction, the results showed that anthocyanin levels were the highest at high altitudes, whereas anthocyanins were almost undetectable at mid-altitude. Moreover, the types of anthocyanin compounds present in colored potatoes varied at different altitudes. The red clones exhibited substantial accumulation of pelargonidin across all three altitudes. In contrast, the main anthocyanins found in purple clones were malvidin, petunidin, and cyanidin. We identified the anthocyanin components with a strong correlation to the environment, thereby establishing a fundamental basis for the breeding of potato clones with high anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Qi
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Na Niu
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dechen Li
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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13
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Naeem M, Zhao W, Ahmad N, Zhao L. Beyond green and red: unlocking the genetic orchestration of tomato fruit color and pigmentation. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37453947 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit color is a genetic trait and a key factor for consumer acceptability and is therefore receiving increasing importance in several breeding programs. Plant pigments offer plants with a variety of colored organs that attract animals for pollination, favoring seed dispersers and conservation of species. The pigments inside plant cells not only play a light-harvesting role but also provide protection against light damage and exhibit nutritional and ecological value for health and visual pleasure in humans. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a leading vegetable crop; its fruit color formation is associated with the accumulation of several natural pigments, which include carotenoids in the pericarp, flavonoids in the peel, as well as the breakdown of chlorophyll during fruit ripening. To improve tomato fruit quality, several techniques, such as genetic engineering and genome editing, have been used to alter fruit color and regulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in related pathways. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based systems have been extensively used for genome editing in many crops, including tomatoes, and promising results have been achieved using modified CRISPR systems, including CAS9 (CRISPR/CRISPR-associated-protein) and CRISPR/Cas12a systems. These advanced tools in biotechnology and whole genome sequencing of various tomato species will certainly advance the breeding of tomato fruit color with a high degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the current advancement and effective application of genetic engineering techniques that provide further flexibility for fruit color formation. Furthermore, we have also discussed the challenges and opportunities of genetic engineering and genome editing to improve tomato fruit color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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14
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Suprun AR, Kiselev KV, Dubrovina AS. Exogenously Induced Silencing of Four MYB Transcription Repressor Genes and Activation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119344. [PMID: 37298295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that can be artificially induced by exogenous application of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) to the plant surfaces. Recent studies show that it is possible to silence plant genes and change plant properties using plant RNA spraying and other approaches for dsRNA delivery. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous gene-specific dsRNAs on the silencing of four tomato genes encoding MYB-family transcription repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the leaves of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. We found that the exogenous application of dsRNAs encoding for the SlMYBATV1, SlMYB32, SlMYB76, and SlTRY genes downregulated mRNA levels of these endogenous repressors of anthocyanin production, upregulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, and enhanced anthocyanin content in the leaves of S. lycopersicum. The data demonstrated that exogenous gene-specific dsRNAs can induce post-transcriptional gene silencing in tomato leaves by direct foliar application of dsRNAs. This approach may be used for plant secondary metabolism induction and as a silencing tool for gene function studies without the need to produce genetically modified plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey R Suprun
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Kiselev
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Dubrovina
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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15
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Mackon E, Mackon GCJDE, Guo Y, Ma Y, Yao Y, Liu P. Development and Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to Improve Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Plants: Opportunities and Perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111746. [PMID: 37230190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, the novel technology of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has greatly contributed to revolutionizing molecular biology. It has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for identifying gene function and improving some important traits. Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites responsible for a wide spectrum of aesthetic coloration in various plant organs and are beneficial for health. As such, increasing anthocyanin content in plants, especially the edible tissue and organs, is always a main goal for plant breeding. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been highly desired to enhance the amount of anthocyanin in vegetables, fruits, cereals, and other attractive plants with more precision. Here we reviewed the recent knowledge concerning CRISPR/Cas9-mediated anthocyanin enhancement in plants. In addition, we addressed the future avenues of promising potential target genes that could be helpful for achieving the same goal using CRISPR/Cas9 in several plants. Thus, molecular biologists, genetic engineers, agricultural scientists, plant geneticists, and physiologists may benefit from CRISPR technology to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, roots, and ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enerand Mackon
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University.
| | | | - Yongqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Yafei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Yuhang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Piqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
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16
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Li N, Liu Y, Yin Y, Gao S, Wu F, Yu C, Wang F, Kang B, Xu K, Jiao C, Yao M. Identification of CaPs locus involving in purple stripe formation on unripe fruit, reveals allelic variation and alternative splicing of R2R3-MYB transcription factor in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1140851. [PMID: 37056500 PMCID: PMC10089288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The purple color of unripe pepper fruit is attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Only a few genes controlling the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins have been cloned in Capsicum. In this study, we performed a bulked segregant analysis of the purple striped trait using an F2 population derived from a cross between the immature purple striped fruit line Chen12-4-1-1-1-1 and the normal green fruit line Zhongxian101-M-F9. We mapped the CaPs locus to an 841.39 kb region between markers M-CA690-Xba and MCA710-03 on chromosome 10. CA10g11690 encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins as the best candidate gene. Overexpression and silencing in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines indicated that CA10g11690 is involved in the formation of purple stripes in the exocarp. A comparison of parental sequences identified an insertion fragment of 1,926 bp in the second intron region of Chen12-4, and eight SNPs were detected between the two parents. Additionally, there were 49 single nucleotide polymorphic variations, two sequence deletions, and four sequence insertions in the promoter region. We found that CA10g11690 undergoes alternative splicing and generates different transcripts. Thus, the functional transcript of CA10g11690 appeared to be primarily involved in the development of purple phenotype in the exocarp. Our data provide new insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and a theoretical basis for the future breeding of purple striped pepper varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuying Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Byoung−Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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17
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Genome-wide signatures of the geographic expansion and breeding of soybean. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:350-365. [PMID: 35997916 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a leguminous crop that provides oil and protein. Exploring the genomic signatures of soybean evolution is crucial for breeding varieties with improved adaptability to environmental extremes. We analyzed the genome sequences of 2,214 soybeans and proposed a soybean evolutionary route, i.e., the expansion of annual wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) from southern China and its domestication in central China, followed by the expansion and local breeding selection of its landraces (G. max (L.) Merr.). We observed that the genetic introgression in soybean landraces was mostly derived from sympatric rather than allopatric wild populations during the geographic expansion. Soybean expansion and breeding were accompanied by the positive selection of flowering time genes, including GmSPA3c. Our study sheds light on the evolutionary history of soybean and provides valuable genetic resources for its future breeding.
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Chen Y, Kim P, Kong L, Wang X, Tan W, Liu X, Chen Y, Yang J, Chen B, Song Y, An Z, Min Phyon J, Zhang Y, Ding B, Kawabata S, Li Y, Wang Y. A dual-function transcription factor, SlJAF13, promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5559-5580. [PMID: 35552695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Unlike modern tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars, cv. LA1996 harbors the dominant Aft allele, which is associated with anthocyanin synthesis in tomato fruit peel. However, the control of Aft anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we used ethyl methanesulfonate-induced and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of LA1996 to show, respectively, that two class IIIf basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, SlJAF13 and SlAN1, are involved in the control of anthocyanin synthesis. These transcription factors are key components of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex, which positively regulates anthocyanin synthesis. Molecular and genetic analyses showed that SlJAF13 functions as an upstream activation factor of SlAN1 by binding directly to the G-Box motif of its promoter region. On the other hand, SlJAZ2, a JA signaling repressor, interferes with formation of the MBW complex to suppress anthocyanin synthesis by directly binding these two bHLH components. Unexpectedly, the transcript level of SlJAZ2 was in turn repressed in a SlJAF13-dependent manner. Mechanistically, SlJAF13 interacts with SlMYC2, inhibiting SlMYC2 activation of SlJAZ2 transcription, thus constituting a negative feedback loop governing anthocyanin accumulation. Taken together, our findings support a sophisticated regulatory network, in which SlJAF13 acts as an upstream dual-function regulator that fine tunes anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pyol Kim
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lingzhe Kong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Horticultural Sub-academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuansen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zeyu An
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jong Min Phyon
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agroecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis by Drought and UV-B Radiation in Wild Tomato (Solanum peruvianum) Fruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091639. [PMID: 36139713 PMCID: PMC9495367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant pigments derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway which are produced in many different species, contributing to defense against stresses by their antioxidant properties. Cultivated tomatoes cannot synthesize flavonoids; however, wild tomatoes such as Solanum chilense and Solanum lycopersicoides have anthocyanin pigmented skin. Other wild tomato species such as Solanum peruvianum have been poorly studied concerning anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit. This research is the first to address the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis mediated by drought stress and light radiation in S. peruvianum fruit. Transcript accumulation of SpAN2, encoding for a key MYB type transcription factor for the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, was induced in the fruit of plants exposed to drought treatment. In addition, fruit peel accumulates a greater anthocyanin content in water deficit-treated plants. The expression of SpAN2 was also regulated according to sunlight exposure, reaching a higher expression during maximal daily UV radiation and under controlled UV-B treatments. Similar results were observed for the expression of the late flavonoid biosynthetic gene dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (SpDFR). These results suggest that SpAN2 and SpDFR are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis under drought stress and UV radiation in S. peruvianum.
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D'Amelia V, Staiti A, D'Orso F, Maisto M, Piccolo V, Aversano R, Carputo D. Targeted mutagenesis of StISAC stabilizes the production of anthocyanins in potato cell culture. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e433. [PMID: 35949953 PMCID: PMC9352536 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To increase the production of decorated anthocyanins in potato cell cultures, we knocked out a novel potato gene, named Inducer Silencing of Anthocyanins in Cell culture (StISAC), using CRISPR-Cas9 editing. Our results provided evidence that mutant cell lines doubled the accumulation level of anthocyanins biosynthesized. Moreover, the production of these important pigments was stabilized over time. Our study overcame important challenges in the efficient biotechnological production of these valuable pigments and reported the function of a novel anthocyanin biosynthesis repressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR)National Research Council of ItalyPorticiItaly
| | - Annalisa Staiti
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Fabio D'Orso
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA‐GB)Council for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
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21
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Xu Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Xia Z, Lian Z, Qian L, Yan S, Cao B, Qiu Z. Ethylene Inhibits Anthocyanin Biosynthesis by Repressing the R2R3-MYB Regulator SlAN2-like in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147648. [PMID: 35887009 PMCID: PMC9316371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening is usually accompanied by anthocyanin accumulation. Ethylene is key in ripening-induced anthocyanin production in many fruits. However, the effects of fruit ripening and ethylene on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple tomato fruits are unclear. This study shows that bagged fruits of the purple tomato cultivar ‘Indigo Rose’ failed to produce anthocyanins at the red ripening stage after bag removal. In contrast, the bagged immature fruits accumulated a significant amount of anthocyanins after removing the bags. The transcriptomic analyses between immature and red ripening fruit before and after bag removal revealed that anthocyanin-related genes, including the key positive R2R3-MYB regulator SlAN2-like, were repressed in the red ripening fruit. The 86 identified transcription factors, including 13 AP2/ERF, 7 bZIP, 8 bHLH and 6 MYB, showed significantly different expressions between immature and red ripening fruits. Moreover, subjecting bagged immature fruits to exogenous ethylene treatment significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of anthocyanin-related genes, including the anthocyanin structure genes and SlAN2-like. Thus, ethylene inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis by repressing the transcription of SlAN2-like and other anthocyanin-related genes. These findings provide new insights into anthocyanin regulation in purple tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Yinggemei Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhilei Xia
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zilin Lian
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Lijuan Qian
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Bihao Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (Z.Q.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0228 (Z.Q. & B.C.)
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.); (L.Q.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (Z.Q.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0228 (Z.Q. & B.C.)
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22
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Lafferty DJ, Espley RV, Deng CH, Dare AP, Günther CS, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Boase MR, Wang L, Luo H, Allan AC, Albert NW. The Coordinated Action of MYB Activators and Repressors Controls Proanthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Vaccinium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910155. [PMID: 35812927 PMCID: PMC9263919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinium berries are regarded as "superfoods" owing to their high concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoid metabolites that provide pigmentation and positively affect human health. Anthocyanin localization differs between the fruit of cultivated highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) and wild bilberry (V. myrtillus), with the latter having deep red flesh coloration. Analysis of comparative transcriptomics across a developmental series of blueberry and bilberry fruit skin and flesh identified candidate anthocyanin regulators responsible for this distinction. This included multiple activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that correlated strongly with anthocyanin production and had minimal expression in blueberry (non-pigmented) flesh. R2R3 MYB TFs appeared key to the presence and absence of anthocyanin-based pigmentation; MYBA1 and MYBPA1.1 co-activated the pathway while MYBC2.1 repressed it. Transient overexpression of MYBA1 in Nicotiana benthamiana strongly induced anthocyanins, but this was substantially reduced when co-infiltrated with MYBC2.1. Co-infiltration of MYBC2.1 with MYBA1 also reduced activation of DFR and UFGT, key anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, in promoter activation studies. We demonstrated that these TFs operate within a regulatory hierarchy where MYBA1 activated the promoters of MYBC2.1 and bHLH2. Stable overexpression of VcMYBA1 in blueberry elevated anthocyanin content in transgenic plants, indicating that MYBA1 is sufficient to upregulate the TF module and activate the pathway. Our findings identify TF activators and repressors that are hierarchically regulated by SG6 MYBA1, and fine-tune anthocyanin production in Vaccinium. The lack of this TF module in blueberry flesh results in an absence of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J. Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H. Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Murray R. Boase
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lei Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Henry Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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23
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Yan H, Zhang X, Li X, Wang X, Li H, Zhao Q, Yin P, Guo R, Pei X, Hu X, Han R, Zhao X. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway in AmRosea1 Overexpression 84K Poplar. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911701. [PMID: 35733524 PMCID: PMC9207281 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus alba × Populus glandulosa (84K poplar) is model material with excellent genetic engineering resource and ornamental value. In our study, AmRosea1 (Antirrhinum majus) was overexpressed in 84K poplar, and the transgenic 84K (AM) poplar with high content of anthocyanin exhibited red pigmentation leaves. The transcriptome analysis between wild type (WT) and AM showed that 170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (86 up-regulated and 84 down-regulated) were found, and some DEGs were involved in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis. The metabolome analysis showed that 13 anthocyanins-related differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected in AM. The correlation analysis between DEGs and DAMs were performed, and the results revealed that 18 DEGs, including 11 MYB genes, two BZ1 genes, one FG2 gene, one ANS gene, and three IF7MAT genes, were negatively or positively correlated with 13 DAMs. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that there was high homology between AmRosea1 and PagMYB113, and MYB113 co-expressed with BZ1, ANS and DFR directly. Our results elucidated the molecular mechanism of plant color change mediated by anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, which laid the foundation for the development and utilization of colorful woody plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Han
- *Correspondence: Rui Han, ; Xiyang Zhao,
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24
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Does Plant Breeding for Antioxidant-Rich Foods Have an Impact on Human Health? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040794. [PMID: 35453479 PMCID: PMC9024522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the general beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich foods on human health and disease prevention, there is a continuous interest in plant secondary metabolites conferring attractive colors to fruits and grains and responsible, together with others, for nutraceutical properties. Cereals and Solanaceae are important components of the human diet, thus, they are the main targets for functional food development by exploitation of genetic resources and metabolic engineering. In this review, we focus on the impact of antioxidants-rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human health by analyzing natural biodiversity and biotechnological strategies aiming at increasing the antioxidant level of grains and fruits, the impact of agronomic practices and food processing on antioxidant properties combined with a focus on the current state of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the strong evidence in in vitro and animal studies supporting the beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich diets in preventing diseases, clinical studies are still not sufficient to prove the impact of antioxidant rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human
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25
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Fenstemaker S, Sim L, Cooperstone J, Francis D. Solanum galapagense-derived purple tomato fruit color is conferred by novel alleles of the anthocyanin fruit and atroviolacium loci. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e394. [PMID: 35449754 PMCID: PMC9014491 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One hypothesis for the origin of endemic species of tomato on the Galápagos islands postulates a hybridization of Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum habrochaites. Solanum galapagense accession LA1141 has purple fruit pigmentation, previously described in green-fruited wild tomatoes such as S. habrochaites or Solanum chilense. Characterization of LA1141 derived purple pigmentation provides a test of the hybridization hypothesis. Purple pigmentation was recovered in progenies derived from LA1141, and the anthocyanins malvidin 3(coumaroyl)rutinoside-5-glucoside, petunidin 3-(coumaroyl) rutinoside-5-glucoside, and petunidin 3-(caffeoyl)rutinoside-5-glucoside were abundant. Fruit color was evaluated in an introgression population, and three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped and validated in subsequent populations. The loci atroviolacium on chromosome 7, Anthocyanin fruit on chromosome 10, and uniform ripening also on chromosome 10 underly these QTLs. Sequence analysis suggested that the LA1141 alleles of Aft and atv are unique relative to those previously described from S. chilense accession LA0458 and Solanum cheesmaniae accession LA0434, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the LA1141 Aft genomic sequence did not support a green-fruited origin, and the locus clustered with members of the red-fruited tomato clade. The LA1141 allele of Aft is not the result of an ancient introgression from the green-fruited clade and underlies a gain of anthocyanin pigmentation in the red-fruited clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Fenstemaker
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Leah Sim
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Jessica Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - David Francis
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
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26
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Zhao D, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang A, Xiao S, Dai X, Yuan R, Zhou Z, Cao Q. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway for the Accumulation of Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids in Sweetpotato Root Skin and Leaf Vein Base. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2574-2588. [PMID: 35175040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a major tuberous root crop that is rich in flavonoids. Here, we discovered a spontaneous mutation in the color of the leaf vein base (LVB) and root skin (RS) in the Zheshu 81 cultivar. The flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolites and molecular mechanism were analyzed using metabolome and transcriptome data. Compared to the wild type, 13 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the LVB and 59 DAMs in the RS were all significantly downregulated. Moreover, all the anthocyanin metabolites decreased significantly. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding the key enzymes in the later enzymatic reaction of anthocyanin and flavonoid were significantly downregulated in the mutant. The expression trends of the transcription factor MYB were evidently related to the anthocyanin content. These results offer insights into the coloration in the LVB and RS and a theoretical basis for determining the regulation of flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis in sweetpotato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglan Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - An Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Shizhuo Xiao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Xibin Dai
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Zhilin Zhou
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131, China
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27
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Albert NW, Lafferty DJ, Moss SMA, Davies KM. Flavonoids - flowers, fruit, forage and the future. J R Soc N Z 2022; 53:304-331. [PMID: 39439482 PMCID: PMC11459809 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2034654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant-specific secondary metabolites that arose early during land-plant colonisation, most likely evolving for protection from UV-B and other abiotic stresses. As plants increased in complexity, so too did the diversity of flavonoid compounds produced and their physiological roles. The most conspicuous are the pigments, including yellow aurones and chalcones, and the red/purple/blue anthocyanins, which provide colours to flowers, fruits and foliage. Anthocyanins have been particularly well studied, prompted by the ease of identifying mutants of genes involved in biosynthesis or regulation, providing an important model system to study fundamental aspects of genetics, gene regulation and biochemistry. This has included identifying the first plant transcription factor, and later resolving how multiple classes of transcription factor coordinate in regulating the production of various flavonoid classes - each with different activities and produced at differing developmental stages. In addition, dietary flavonoids from fruits/vegetables and forage confer human- and animal-health benefits, respectively. This has prompted strong interest in generating new plant varieties with increased flavonoid content through both traditional breeding and plant biotechnology. Gene-editing technologies provide new opportunities to study how flavonoids are regulated and produced and to improve the flavonoid content of flowers, fruits, vegetables and forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Declan J. Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M. A. Moss
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Massa S, Pagliarello R, Cemmi A, Di Sarcina I, Bombarely A, Demurtas OC, Diretto G, Paolini F, Petzold HE, Bliek M, Bennici E, Del Fiore A, De Rossi P, Spelt C, Koes R, Quattrocchio F, Benvenuto E. Modifying Anthocyanins Biosynthesis in Tomato Hairy Roots: A Test Bed for Plant Resistance to Ionizing Radiation and Antioxidant Properties in Space. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830931. [PMID: 35283922 PMCID: PMC8909381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression manipulation of specific metabolic pathways can be used to obtain bioaccumulation of valuable molecules and desired quality traits in plants. A single-gene approach to impact different traits would be greatly desirable in agrospace applications, where several aspects of plant physiology can be affected, influencing growth. In this work, MicroTom hairy root cultures expressing a MYB-like transcription factor that regulates the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Petunia hybrida (PhAN4), were considered as a testbed for bio-fortified tomato whole plants aimed at agrospace applications. Ectopic expression of PhAN4 promoted biosynthesis of anthocyanins, allowing to profile 5 major derivatives of delphinidin and petunidin together with pelargonidin and malvidin-based anthocyanins, unusual in tomato. Consistent with PhAN4 features, transcriptomic profiling indicated upregulation of genes correlated to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Interestingly, a transcriptome reprogramming oriented to positive regulation of cell response to biotic, abiotic, and redox stimuli was evidenced. PhAN4 hairy root cultures showed the significant capability to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and protein misfolding upon high-dose gamma irradiation, which is among the most potent pro-oxidant stress that can be encountered in space. These results may have significance in the engineering of whole tomato plants that can benefit space agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Massa
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pagliarello
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessia Cemmi
- Fusion and Nuclear Safety Technologies Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Sarcina
- Fusion and Nuclear Safety Technologies Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolini
- 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, HPV-UNIT, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Functional Departmental Area, Rome, Italy
| | - H Earl Petzold
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Bennici
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Fiore
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Agrifood Sustainability, Quality, and Safety Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Rossi
- Energy Efficiency Unit Department - Northern Area Regions Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Cornelis Spelt
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koes
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Quattrocchio
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
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Zhao J, Chen L, Ma A, Wang D, Lu H, Chen L, Wang H, Qin Y, Hu G. R3-MYB transcription factor LcMYBx from Litchi chinensis negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by ectopic expression in tobacco. Gene 2022; 812:146105. [PMID: 34896231 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is one of the remarkable physiological changes during fruit ripening. In plants, anthocyanin synthesis is regulated by MYB activators, but the MYB repressors has been recognized recently. Here, we isolated a repressor of anthocyanin synthesis, LcMYBx, from Litchi chinensis Sonn. LcMYBx encoded a typical R3-MYB protein and contained a conserved [D/E]Lx2[R/K]x3Lx6Lx3R motif for interacting with bHLH proteins. Overexpression of LcMYBx in tobacco suppressed anthocyanin accumulation resulting in faded petals from pale-pink to almost white. Gene expression analysis showed the strong down-regulation of endogenous anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes by LcMYBx overexpression. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that LcMYBx could interact with the transcription factors LcbHLH1 and LcbHLH3. Transient promoter activation assays showed that LcMYBx could inhibit the activation capacity of LcMYB1-LcbHLH3 complex for LcDFR gene. These results suggest that LcMYBx competed with LcMYB1 to LcbHLHs, thus preventing the activation of LcDFR by LcMYB1-LcbHLHs complex and negatively controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanle Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Pigment-Related Mutations Greatly Affect Berry Metabolome in San Marzano Tomatoes. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study describes the alterations in metabolomic profiles of four tomato fruit mutations introgressed into Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano, a well-known Italian traditional variety. Three lines carrying variants affecting the content of all pigments, high pigment-1 (hp-1), hp-2, pigment diluter (pd), and a combination of Anthocyanin fruit and atroviolaceum (Aft_atv), were selected, and characterized. Biochemical analysis of 44 non-polar, 133 polar, and 65 volatile metabolites in ripe fruits revealed a wide range of differences between the variant lines and the recurrent parent San Marzano. Among non-polar compounds, many carotenoids, plastoquinones, and tocopherols increased in the fruit of high pigment lines, as well as in Aft_atv, whose β-carotene levels increased too. Interestingly, pd displayed enriched levels of xanthophylls (all-trans-neoxanthin and luteoxanthin) but, simultaneously, decreased levels of α-and β-/γ-tocopherols. Looking at the metabolites in the polar fraction, a significant decrease in sugar profile was observed in hp-1, pd, and Aft_atv. Conversely, many vitamins and organic acids increased in the hp-2 and Aft_atv lines, respectively. Overall, phenylpropanoids was the metabolic group with the highest extent of polar changes, with considerable increases of many compounds mainly in the case of Aft_atv, followed by the pd and hp-2 lines. Finally, several flavor-related compounds were found to be modified in all mutants, mostly due to increased levels in many benzenoid, lipid, and phenylalanine derivative volatiles, which are associated with sweeter taste and better aroma. Construction of metabolic maps, interaction networks, and correlation matrices gave an integrated representation of the large effect of single variants on the tomato fruit metabolome. In conclusion, the identified differences in the mutated lines might contribute to generating novel phenotypes in the traditional San Marzano type, with increased desirable nutraceutical and organoleptic properties.
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Zhu F, Wen W, Cheng Y, Fernie AR. The metabolic changes that effect fruit quality during tomato fruit ripening. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 37789428 PMCID: PMC10515270 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As the most valuable organ of tomato plants, fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process. A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit quality is affected by metabolic shifts which are under the coordinated regulation of both structural genes and transcriptional regulators. In recent years, with the development of the next generation sequencing, molecular and genetic analysis methods, lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents, fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality. Here, both research concerning the dissection of fruit quality related metabolic changes, the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these metabolic pathways are reviewed. Furthermore, a weighted gene correlation network analysis of representative genes of fruit quality has been carried out and the potential of the combined application of the gene correlation network analysis, fine-mapping strategies and next generation sequencing to identify novel candidate genes determinants of fruit quality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany.
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Tao J, Li S, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Ma J, Xu M, Yang Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Sun Y. Construction of a high-density genetic map based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and identification of loci controlling anthocyanin pigmentation in Yunnan red radish. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab031. [PMID: 35043168 PMCID: PMC8829420 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the family Brassicaceae. The Yunnan red radish variety contains fairly relatively large amounts of anthocyanins, making them important raw materials for producing edible red pigment. However, the genetic mechanism underlying this pigmentation has not been fully characterized. Herein, the radish inbred line YAAS-WR1 (white root-skin and white root-flesh) was crossed with the inbred line YAAS-RR1 (red root-skin and red root-flesh) to produce F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 populations. Genetic analyses revealed that the pigmented/non-pigmented (PiN) and purple/red (PR) traits were controlled by two genetic loci. The F2 population and the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique were used to construct a high-density genetic map (1230.16 cM), which contained 4032 markers distributed in nine linkage groups, with a mean distance between markers of 0.31 cM. Additionally, two QTL (QAC1 and QAC2) considerably affecting radish pigmentation were detected. A bioinformatics analysis of the QAC1 region identified 58 predicted protein-coding genes. Of these genes, RsF3'H, which is related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, was revealed as a likely candidate gene responsible for the PR trait. The results were further verified by analyzing gene structure and expression. Regarding QAC2, RsMYB1.3 was determined to be a likely candidate gene important for the PiN trait, with a 4-bp insertion in the first exon that introduced a premature termination codon in the YAAS-WR1 sequence. Assays demonstrated that RsMYB1.3 interacted with RsTT8 and activates RsTT8 and RsUFGT expression. These findings may help clarify the complex regulatory mechanism underlying radish anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, this study's results may be relevant for the molecular breeding of radish to improve the anthocyanin content and appearance of the taproots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agriculture University, 452 Fengyuan Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Shikai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Jiqiong Ma
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Minghui Xu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, 452 Fengyuan Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agriculture University, 452 Fengyuan Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yiding Sun
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205, China
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33
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Li L, Li S, Ge H, Shi S, Li D, Liu Y, Chen H. A light-responsive transcription factor SmMYB35 enhances anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). PLANTA 2021; 255:12. [PMID: 34860302 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SmMYB35, a light-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant by binding to the promoters of SmCHS, SmF3H, SmDFR, and SmANS and enhancing their activities. In addition, SmMYB35 interacts with SmTT8 and SmTTG1 to form a MBW complex, thereby enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis. Eggplant is a vegetable rich in anthocyanins. SmMYB35, a light-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was isolated from eggplant and investigated for its biological functions. The results suggested that the expression of SmMYB35 was regulated by SmHY5 through directly binding to G-box in the promoter region, and the overexpression of SmMYB35 could increase the anthocyanin content in the stems and petals of the transgenic eggplants. SmMYB35 could also bind to the promoters of SmCHS, SmF3H, SmDFR, and SmANS and enhance their activities. In addition, SmMYB35 interacted with SmTT8 and SmTTG1 to form a MBW complex which enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taking together, we firstly verified that SmMYB35 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. The results provide new insights into the regulatory effects of SmMYB35 on key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin synthesis in eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Suli Shi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dalu Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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34
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Li L, Li S, Ge H, Shi S, Li D, Liu Y, Chen H. A light-responsive transcription factor SmMYB35 enhances anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). PLANTA 2021; 255:12. [PMID: 34860302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SmMYB35, a light-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant by binding to the promoters of SmCHS, SmF3H, SmDFR, and SmANS and enhancing their activities. In addition, SmMYB35 interacts with SmTT8 and SmTTG1 to form a MBW complex, thereby enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis. Eggplant is a vegetable rich in anthocyanins. SmMYB35, a light-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was isolated from eggplant and investigated for its biological functions. The results suggested that the expression of SmMYB35 was regulated by SmHY5 through directly binding to G-box in the promoter region, and the overexpression of SmMYB35 could increase the anthocyanin content in the stems and petals of the transgenic eggplants. SmMYB35 could also bind to the promoters of SmCHS, SmF3H, SmDFR, and SmANS and enhance their activities. In addition, SmMYB35 interacted with SmTT8 and SmTTG1 to form a MBW complex which enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taking together, we firstly verified that SmMYB35 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. The results provide new insights into the regulatory effects of SmMYB35 on key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin synthesis in eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Suli Shi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dalu Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Ma Y, Ma X, Gao X, Wu W, Zhou B. Light Induced Regulation Pathway of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011116. [PMID: 34681776 PMCID: PMC8538450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments with antioxidant effects that exist in various fruits and vegetables. The accumulation of anthocyanins is induced by environmental signals and regulated by transcription factors in plants. Numerous evidence has indicated that among the environmental factors, light is one of the most signal regulatory factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. However, the signal transduction of light and molecular regulation of anthocyanin synthesis remains to be explored. Here, we focus on the research progress of signal transduction factors for positive and negative regulation in light-dependent and light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis. In particular, we will discuss light-induced regulatory pathways and related specific regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In addition, an integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis controlled by transcription factors is discussed based on the significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Weilin Wu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-183-4338-8262 (W.W.); +86-0451-8219-1738 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-183-4338-8262 (W.W.); +86-0451-8219-1738 (B.Z.)
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36
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Fruit Colour and Novel Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation of Pigment Production in Tomato Fruits. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7080259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit colour represents a genetic trait with ecological and nutritional value. Plants mainly use colour to attract animals and favour seed dispersion. Thus, in many species, fruit colour coevolved with frugivories and their preferences. Environmental factors, however, represented other adaptive forces and further diversification was driven by domestication. All these factors cooperated in the evolution of tomato fruit, one of the most important in human nutrition. Tomato phylogenetic history showed two main steps in colour evolution: the change from green-chlorophyll to red-carotenoid pericarp, and the loss of the anthocyanic pigmentation. These events likely occurred with the onset of domestication. Then spontaneous mutations repeatedly occurred in carotenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways, leading to colour variants which often were propagated. Introgression breeding further enriched the panel of pigmentation patterns. In recent decades, the genetic determinants underneath tomato colours were identified. Novel evidence indicates that key regulatory and biosynthetic genes undergo mechanisms of gene expression regulation that are much more complex than what was imagined before: post-transcriptional mechanisms, with RNA splicing among the most common, indeed play crucial roles to fine-tune the expression of this trait in fruits and offer new substrate for the rise of genetic variables, thus providing further evolutionary flexibility to the character.
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37
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LaFountain AM, Yuan YW. Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:933-949. [PMID: 33864686 PMCID: PMC8764531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well-established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so-called 'double-negative logic'. Much of the double-negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal-induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation as to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
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Huang H, Abid M, Lin M, Wang R, Gu H, Li Y, Qi X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Different Actinidia arguta Fruit Parts Reveals Difference of Light Response during Fruit Coloration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070648. [PMID: 34356503 PMCID: PMC8301191 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit coloration is an important agronomic trait used to determine fruit quality, and light plays a vital role in the coloration process. The effect of light on fruit coloration has been studied in many species, but differences in the photoresponse of different fruit parts during fruit coloration is unclear in kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta). In this study, peel and core with bagging and non-bagging treatment at two stages were selected to perform high throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 100,417 unigenes (25,186 unigenes with length beyond 1000 bp) were obtained, of which 37,519 unigenes were annotated in functional databases. GO and KEGG enrichment results showed that 'plant hormone signal transduction' and 'carbon metabolism' were the key pathways in peel and core coloration, respectively. A total of 27 MYB-related TFs (transcription factors) were differentially expressed in peel and core. An R2R3-MYB typed TF, AaMYB308like, possibly served as a candidate objective, which played a vital role in light-inducible fruit coloration based on bioinformatics analysis. Transient overexpression of AaMYB308like suggested overexpression of AaMYB308like elevated transcription level of NtCHI in Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Integration of all these results imply that AaMYB308like might be served as a light-responsive transcription factor to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. arguta. Moreover, our study provided important insights into photoreponse mechanisms in A. arguta coloration.
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An G, Chen J. Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:301. [PMID: 34187365 PMCID: PMC8240407 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied. RESULT In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3'region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3'H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3'region of the allele BjMYB113c. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongjiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors and Their Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a diploid strawberry that is widely used as a model of cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). It has also been used as a model for Rosaceae fruits, non-climacteric fruits, and stolons. The MYB superfamily is the largest transcription factor family in plants, and its members play important roles in plant growth and development. However, the complete MYB superfamily in woodland strawberry has not been studied. In this study, a total of 217 MYB genes were identified in woodland strawberry and classified into four groups: one 4R-MYB protein, five 3R-MYB proteins, 113 2R-MYB proteins, and 98 1R-MYB proteins. The phylogenetic relationship of each MYB subgroup was consistent in terms of intron/exon structure and conserved motif composition. The MYB genes in woodland strawberry underwent loss and expansion events during evolution. The transcriptome data revealed that most FveMYB genes are expressed in several organs, whereas 15 FveMYB genes exhibit organ-specific expression, including five genes (FveMYB101, -112, -44, and -8; FveMYB1R81) in roots, two genes (FveMYB62 and -77) in stolon tips, three genes (FveMYB99 and -35; FveMYB1R96) in open flowers, and five genes (FveMYB76 and -100; FveMYB1R4, -5, and -86) in immature fruits. During fruit ripening of woodland strawberry, the expression levels of 84 FveMYB genes were decreased, of which five genes (FveMYB4, -22, -50, and -66; FveMYB1R57) decreased more than 10-fold, whereas those 18 FveMYB genes were increased, especially FveMYB10 and FveMYB74 increased more than 30-fold. In addition, the expression levels of 36, 68, 52, and 62 FveMYB genes were altered by gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, cold, and heat treatments, respectively, and among them, several genes exhibited similar expression patterns for multiple treatments, suggesting possible roles in the crosstalk of multiple signaling pathways. This study provides candidate genes for the study of stolon formation, fruit development and ripening, and abiotic stress responses.
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Chattopadhyay T, Hazra P, Akhtar S, Maurya D, Mukherjee A, Roy S. Skin colour, carotenogenesis and chlorophyll degradation mutant alleles: genetic orchestration behind the fruit colour variation in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:767-782. [PMID: 33388894 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The genetics underlying the fruit colour variation in tomato is an interesting area of both basic and applied research in plant biology. There are several factors, like phytohormones, environmental signals and epistatic interactions between genes, which modulate the ripe fruit colour in tomato. However, three aspects: genetic regulation of skin pigmentation, carotenoid biosynthesis and ripening-associated chlorophyll degradation in tomato fruits are of pivotal importance. Different genes along with their mutant alleles governing the aforementioned characters have been characterized in detail. Moreover, the interaction of these mutant alleles has been explored, which has paved the way for developing novel tomato genotypes with unique fruit colour and beneficial phytonutrient composition. In this article, we review the genes and the corresponding mutant alleles underlying the variation in tomato skin pigmentation, carotenoid biosynthesis and ripening-associated chlorophyll degradation. The possibility of generating novel fruit colour-variants using different combinations of these mutant alleles is documented. Furthermore, the involvement of some other mutant alleles (like those governing purple fruit colour and high fruit pigmentation), not belonging to the aforementioned three categories, are discussed in brief. The simplified representation of the assembled information in this article should not only help a broad range of readers in their basic understanding of this complex phenomenon but also trigger them for further exploration of the same. The article would be useful for genetic characterization of fruit colour-variants and molecular breeding for fruit colour improvement in tomato using the well-characterized mutant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthartha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India.
| | - Pranab Hazra
- Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Shirin Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
| | - Deepak Maurya
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
| | - Sheuli Roy
- Alumna, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Qtr. No. C1/14, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
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Yan H, Pei X, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang X, Zhao M, Chiang VL, Sederoff RR, Zhao X. MYB-Mediated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3103. [PMID: 33803587 PMCID: PMC8002911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble pigments that are important in plants because they endow a variety of colors to vegetative tissues and reproductive plant organs, mainly ranging from red to purple and blue. The colors regulated by anthocyanins give plants different visual effects through different biosynthetic pathways that provide pigmentation for flowers, fruits and seeds to attract pollinators and seed dispersers. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is genetically determined by structural and regulatory genes. MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) proteins are important transcriptional regulators that play important roles in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism. MYB transcription factors (TFs) occupy a dominant position in the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The TF conserved binding motifs can be combined with other TFs to regulate the enrichment and sedimentation of anthocyanins. In this study, the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic mechanisms of MYB-TFs are discussed. The role of the environment in the control of the anthocyanin biosynthesis network is summarized, the complex formation of anthocyanins and the mechanism of environment-induced anthocyanin synthesis are analyzed. Some prospects for MYB-TF to modulate the comprehensive regulation of anthocyanins are put forward, to provide a more relevant basis for further research in this field, and to guide the directed genetic modification of anthocyanins for the improvement of crops for food quality, nutrition and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Xiaona Pei
- Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery, State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Harbin 150086, China;
- Research Center of Cold Temperate Forestry, CAF, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Minghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ronald Ross Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (V.L.C.)
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Zhang D, Tan Y, Dong F, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Yin Q, Xie X, Gao X, Zhang C, Tu N. The Expression of IbMYB1 Is Essential to Maintain the Purple Color of Leaf and Storage Root in Sweet Potato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688707. [PMID: 34630449 PMCID: PMC8495246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
IbMYB1 was one of the major anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory genes that has been identified and utilized in purple-fleshed sweet potato breeding. At least three members of this gene, namely, IbMYB1-1, -2a, and -2b, have been reported. We found that IbMYB1-2a and -2b are not necessary for anthocyanin accumulation in a variety of cultivated species (hexaploid) with purple shoots or purplish rings/spots of flesh. Transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that persistent and vigorous expression of IbMYB1 is essential to maintain the purple color of leaves and storage roots in this type of cultivated species, which did not contain IbMYB1-2 gene members. Compared with IbbHLH2, IbMYB1 is an early response gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato. It cannot exclude the possibility that other MYBs participate in this gene regulation networks. Twenty-two MYB-like genes were identified from 156 MYBs to be highly positively or negatively correlated with the anthocyanin content in leaves or flesh. Even so, the IbMYB1 was most coordinately expressed with anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Differences in flanking and coding sequences confirm that IbMYB2s, the highest similarity genes of IbMYB1, are not the members of IbMYB1. This phenomenon indicates that there may be more members of IbMYB1 in sweet potato, and the genetic complementation of these members is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The 3' flanking sequence of IbMYB1-1 is homologous to the retrotransposon sequence of TNT1-94. Transposon movement is involved in the formation of multiple members of IbMYB1. This study provides critical insights into the expression patterns of IbMYB1, which are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the leaf and storage root. Notably, our study also emphasized the presence of a multiple member of IbMYB1 for genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Daowei Zhang,
| | - Yongjun Tan
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yanlan Huang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yizhou Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - ZhiJian Zhao
- Dryland Crop Research Institute, Shao Yang Academy of Agriculture Science, Shaoyang, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xuehua Xie
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiewang Gao
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Chaofan Zhang,
| | - Naimei Tu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Naimei Tu,
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Lim SH, Kim DH, Jung JA, Lee JY. Alternative Splicing of the Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Gene CmbHLH2 Affects Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Ray Florets of Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:669315. [PMID: 34177983 PMCID: PMC8222801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is an important ornamental crop worldwide. Some white-flowered chrysanthemum cultivars produce red ray florets under natural cultivation conditions, but little is known about how this occurs. We compared the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and transcription factor genes between white ray florets and those that turned red based on cultivation conditions to comprehend the underlying mechanism. Significant differences in the expression of CmbHLH2 were detected between the florets of different colors. CmbHLH2 generated two alternatively spliced transcripts, designated CmbHLH2Full and CmbHLH2Short . Compared with CmbHLH2Full , CmbHLH2Short encoded a truncated protein with only a partial MYB-interaction region and no other domains normally present in the full-length protein. Unlike the full-length form, the splicing variant protein CmbHLH2Short localized to the cytoplasm and the nucleus and could not interact with CmMYB6. Additionally, CmbHLH2Short failed to activate anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and induce pigment accumulation in transiently transfected tobacco leaves, whereas CmbHLH2Full promoted both processes when simultaneously expressed with CmMYB6. Co-expressing CmbHLH2Full and CmMYB6 also enhanced the promoter activities of CmCHS and CmDFR. Notably, the Arabidopsis tt8-1 mutant, which lacks red pigmentation in the leaves and seeds, could be complemented by the heterologous expression of CmbHLH2Full, which restored red pigmentation and resulted in red pigmentation in high anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents in the leaves and seeds, respectively, whereas expression of CmbHLH2Short did not. Together, these results indicate that CmbHLH2 and CmMYB6 interaction plays a key role in the anthocyanin pigmentation changes of ray florets in chrysanthemum. Our findings highlight alternative splicing as a potential approach to modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun-Hyung Lim,
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jae-A. Jung
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
- Jong-Yeol Lee,
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Zhang H, Gong J, Chen K, Yao W, Zhang B, Wang J, Tian S, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Du L. A novel R3 MYB transcriptional repressor, MaMYBx, finely regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape hyacinth. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110588. [PMID: 32771147 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
R3-MYBs negatively regulate anthocyanin pigmentation in plants. However, how R3-MYB repressors finely modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in cooperation with R2R3-MYB activators remains unclear in monocots. We previously identified two anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB activators (MaMybA and MaAN2) in grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.). Here, we isolated a R3-MYB repressor, MaMYBx, and characterized its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis using genetic and biochemical markers. The temporal expression pattern of MaMYBx was similar to that of MaMybA and MaAN2, and it was correlated with anthocyanin accumulation during flower development. MaMYBx could be activated either by MaMybA alone or by MaMybA/MaAN2 and cofactor MabHLH1, and it suppressed its own activation and that of MaMybA promoters mediated by MaMybA/MaAN2 and MabHLH1. Like MaMybA, MaMYBx interacted with MabHLH1. MaDFR and MaANS transcription and anthocyanin accumulation mediated by MaMybA/MaAN2 and MabHLH1 were inhibited by MaMYBx. Overexpression of MaMYBx in tobacco greatly reduced flower pigmentation and repressed the expression of late structural and regulatory anthocyanin pathway genes. Thus, MaMYBx finely regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding to MabHLH1 and disrupting the R2R3 MYB-bHLH complex in grape hyacinth. The regulatory network of transcriptional activators and repressors modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis is conserved within monocots. MaMYBx seems a potentially valuable target for flower color modification in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Gong
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Kaili Chen
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang 402460, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wenkong Yao
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Boxiao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiangyu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuting Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lingjuan Du
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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D'Amelia V, Villano C, Batelli G, Çobanoğlu Ö, Carucci F, Melito S, Chessa M, Chiaiese P, Aversano R, Carputo D. Genetic and epigenetic dynamics affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato cell culture. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110597. [PMID: 32771154 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are antioxidant pigments widely used in drugs and food preparations. Flesh-coloured tubers of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum are important sources of different anthocyanins. Due to the high degree of decoration achieved by acylation, anthocyanins from potato are very stable and suitable for the food processing industry. The use of cell culture allows to extract anthocyanins on-demand, avoiding seasonality and consequences associated with land-based-tuber production. However, a well-known limit of cell culture is the metabolic instability and loss of anthocyanin production during successive subcultures. To get a general picture of mechanisms responsible for this instability, we explored both genetic and epigenetic regulation that may affect anthocyanin production in cell culture. We selected two clonally related populations of anthocyanin-producing (purple) and non-producing (white) potato cells. Through targeted molecular investigations, we identified and functionally characterized an R3-MYB, here named StMYBATV. This transcription factor can interact with bHLHs belonging to the MBW (R2R3-MYB, bHLH and WD40) anthocyanin activator complex and, potentially, may interfere with its formation. Genome methylation analysis revealed that, for several genomic loci, anthocyanin-producing cells were more methylated than clonally related white cells. In particular, we localized some methylation events in ribosomal protein-coding genes. Overall, our study explores novel molecular aspects associated with loss of anthocyanins in cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Amelia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Özmen Çobanoğlu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Francesca Carucci
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Sara Melito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Mario Chessa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy.
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy.
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Liu X, Yang W, Wang J, Yang M, Wei K, Liu X, Qiu Z, van Giang T, Wang X, Guo Y, Li J, Liu L, Shu J, Du Y, Huang Z. SlGID1a Is a Putative Candidate Gene for qtph1.1, a Major-Effect Quantitative Trait Locus Controlling Tomato Plant Height. Front Genet 2020; 11:881. [PMID: 32849843 PMCID: PMC7427465 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait in crops. Several genes underlying tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant height mutants have been cloned. However, few quantitative trait genes for plant height have been identified in tomato. In this study, seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling plant height were identified in tomato. Of which, qtph1.1 (QTL for tomato plant height 1.1), qtph3.1 and qtph12.1 were major QTLs and explained 15, 16, and 12% of phenotypic variation (R2), respectively. The qtph1.1 was further mapped to an 18.9-kb interval on chromosome 1. Based on the annotated tomato genome (version SL2.50, annotation ITAG2.40), Solyc01g098390 encoding GA receptor SlGID1a was the putative candidate gene. The SlGID1a gene underlying the qtph1.1 locus contained a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that resulted in an amino acid alteration in protein sequence. The near-isogenic line containing the qtph1.1 locus (NIL-qtph1.1) exhibited shorter internode length and cell length than the wild type (NIL-WT). The dwarf phenotype of NIL-qtph1.1 could not be rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment. Transcriptome analysis and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) showed that several genes related to biosynthesis and signaling of GA and auxin were differentially expressed in stems between NIL-qtph1.1 and NIL-WT. These findings might pave the road for understanding the molecular regulation mechanism of tomato plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wencai Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong van Giang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshuai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Deng J, Wu D, Shi J, Balfour K, Wang H, Zhu G, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhu Z. Multiple MYB Activators and Repressors Collaboratively Regulate the Juvenile Red Fading in Leaves of Sweetpotato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:941. [PMID: 32670334 PMCID: PMC7330089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile red fading describes the phenomenon in plants whereby red young leaves gradually turn green as they mature. While this phenomenon is commonly observed, the underlying molecular mechanism is still obscure as the classic model plants do not exhibit this process. Here, the molecular mechanism for the loss of anthocyanins during juvenile red fading were explored in the sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivar "Chuanshan Zi". The MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) regulatory complexes for anthocyanins were examined with five stages of leaf development from C1 to C5. Alternating accumulation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls caused the leaf color change. Five anthocyanin components were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and their contents were highest at stage C2. Transcriptomic analysis showed massive gene expression alteration during leaf development. The anthocyanin structural genes expressed in sweetpotato leaves were screened and found to be highly comparable with those identified in morning glories. The screened anthocyanin regulatory genes included one bHLH (IbbHLH2), one WDR (IbWDR1), three MYB activators (IbMYB1, IbMYB2, and IbMYB3), and five MYB repressors (IbMYB27, IbMYBx, IbMYB4a, IbMYB4b, and IbMYB4c). The expression trends of MYBs were key to the red fading process: the activators were highly expressed in early red leaves and were all accompanied by simultaneously expressed MYB repressors, which may act to prevent excessive accumulation of anthocyanins. The only antagonistic repressor, IbMYB4b, was highly expressed in green leaves, and may be critical for declined anthocyanin content at later stages. Further functional verification of the above transcription factors were conducted by promoter activation tests. These tests showed that the MBW complexes of IbMYB1/IbMYB2/IbMYB3-IbbHLH2-IbWDR1 not only activated promoters of anthocyanin structural genes IbCHS-D and IbDFR-B, but also promoters for IbbHLH2 and IbMYB27, indicating both hierarchical and feedback regulations. This study outlines the elaborate regulatory network of MBW complexes involving multiple MYBs which allow for the timely accumulation of anthocyanins in sweetpotato leaves. These results may also provide clues for similar studies of juvenile red fading in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Danning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kelly Balfour
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Sainte Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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49
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Liu X, Huang Y, Qiu Z, Gong H. Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes between the fruit peel and flesh of the purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose'. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1752534. [PMID: 32338177 PMCID: PMC8570723 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1752534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are considered health-promoting phytonutrients; however, anthocyanins strictly occurr in the fruit peel of purple tomato cultivars, making the total anthocyanin content limited per tomato fruit. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis between the fruit peel and flesh of a purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose' at both the mature green stage and breaking stage. In total, 1,945 differently expressed genes, including 165 transcription factors, were detected between the fruit peel and flesh, both at and after the mature green stage. We further analyzed the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and the regulatory genes composing the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex between the fruit peel and flesh at both development stages. In addition, several light-sensing genes and other transcription factor genes, including BBX family genes and WRKY genes, showed different expression patterns between the fruit peel and flesh. These findings deepen our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato fruit peels and facilitate the identification of genes limiting the anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato fruit flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinggemei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Zhi J, Liu X, Li D, Huang Y, Yan S, Cao B, Qiu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SlAN2 mutants reveal various regulatory models of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato plant. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:799-809. [PMID: 32221665 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combining phenotype and gene expression analysis of the CRISPR/Cas9-induced SlAN2 mutants, we revealed that SlAN2 specifically regulated anthocyanin accumulation in vegetative tissues in purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose.' Anthocyanins play an important role in plant development and also exhibit human health benefits. The tomato genome contains four highly homologous anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factors: SlAN2, SlANT1, SlANT1-like, and SlAN2-like/Aft. SlAN2-like/Aft regulates anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit; however, the genetic function of the other three factors remains unclear. To better understand the function of R2R3-MYB transcription factors, we conducted targeted mutagenesis of SlAN2 in the purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose' using clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). The SlAN2 mutants had a fruit color and anthocyanin content similar to cv. 'Indigo Rose,' while the anthocyanin content and the relative expression levels of several anthocyanin-related genes in vegetative tissues were significantly lower in the SlAN2 mutant relative to cv. Indigo Rose. Furthermore, we found that anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by different regulators between tomato hypocotyls and cotyledons. In addition, SlAN2 mutants were shorter, with smaller and lighter fruits than cv. 'Indigo Rose.' Our findings further our understanding of anthocyanin production in tomato and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinggemei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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