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Wu Y, Feng J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Guan Y, Wang R, Shi F, Zeng F, Wang Y, Chen M, Chang J, He G, Yang G, Li Y. Integrative gene duplication and genome-wide analysis as an approach to facilitate wheat reverse genetics: An example in the TaCIPK family. J Adv Res 2024; 61:19-33. [PMID: 37689241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reverse genetic studies conducted in the plant with a complex or polyploidy genome enriched with large gene families (like wheat) often meet challenges in identifying the key candidate genes related to important traits and prioritizing the genes for functional experiments. OBJECTIVE To overcome the above-mentioned challenges of reverse genetics, this work aims to establish an efficient multi-species strategy for genome-wide gene identification and prioritization of the key candidate genes. METHODS We established the integrative gene duplication and genome-wide analysis (iGG analysis) as a strategy for pinpointing key candidate genes deserving functional research. The iGG captures the evolution, and the expansion/contraction of large gene families across phylogeny-related species and integrates spatial-temporal expression information for gene function inference. Transgenic approaches were also employed to functional validation. RESULTS As a proof-of-concept for the iGG analysis, we took the wheat calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) family as an example. We identified CIPKs from seven monocot species, established the orthologous relationship of CIPKs between rice and wheat, and characterized Triticeae-specific CIPK duplicates (e.g., CIPK4 and CIPK17). Integrated with our analysis of CBLs and CBL-CIPK interaction, we revealed that divergent expressions of TaCBLs and TaCIPKs could play an important role in keeping the stoichiometric balance of CBL-CIPK. Furthermore, we validated the function of TaCIPK17-A2 in the regulation of drought tolerance by using transgenic approaches. Overexpression of TaCIPK17 enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved drought tolerance in wheat. CONCLUSION The iGG analysis leverages evolutionary and comparative genomics of crops with large genomes to rapidly highlight the duplicated genes potentially associated with speciation, domestication and/or particular traits that deserve reverse-genetic functional studies. Through the identification of Triticeae-specific TaCIPK17 duplicates and functional validation, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the iGG analysis and provided a new target gene for improving drought tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Wu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jialu Feng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanbin Guan
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fu Shi
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Yuan S, Wang Y, Hu D, Xiao D, Wang J, Hou X, Li Y. BcWRKY1 confers Botrytis cinerea susceptibility via inhibiting JA biosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14432. [PMID: 38981735 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
WRKYs play important roles in plant stress resistance. However, the role of WRKYs in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) remains poorly understood. Herein, the expression of BcWRKY1 was induced by B. cinerea. Further, the role of BcWRKY1 in B. cinerea infection was identified. Silencing of BcWRKY1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage enhanced plant resistance to B. cinerea. After B. cinerea inoculation, BcWRKY1-silencing plants exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, higher jasmonic acid (JA) content, and the expression level of JA biosynthesis genes, BcOPR3, BcLOX3-1 and BcLOX3-2 were upregulated. Overexpression of BcWRKY1 in Arabidopsis exhibited a complementary phenotype. By directly targeting W-boxes in the promoter of BcLOX3-2, BcWRKY1 inhibited the transcription of this gene. In addition, 13 candidate interacting proteins of BcWRKY1 were identified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening, and the interaction between BcWRKY1 and BcCaM6 weakened the inhibition of BcLOX3-2. In summary, our findings suggest that BcWRKY1 interacts with BcCaM6 to negatively regulate disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Die Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Guo H, Wang J, Yao D, Yu L, Jiang W, Xie L, Lv S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang C, Ji W, Zhang H. Identification of nuclear membrane SUN proteins and components associated with wheat fungal stress responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:29. [PMID: 38861095 PMCID: PMC11166608 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nuclear membrane that encapsulates genomic DNA is composed of an inner nuclear membrane (INM), an outer nuclear membrane (ONM), and a perinuclear space. SUN proteins located in the INM and KASH proteins in the ONM form the SUN-KASH NM-bridge, which functions as the junction of the nucleocytoplasmic complex junction. Proteins containing the SUN domain showed the highest correlation with differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the wheat response to fungal stress. To understand the characteristics of SUN and its associated proteins in wheat responding to pathogen stress, here we investigated and comprehensive analyzed SUN- and KASH-related proteins among the DAPs under fungi infection based on their conserved motifs. In total, four SUN proteins, one WPP domain-interacting protein (WIP), four WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WIT), two WPP proteins and one Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP) were identified. Following transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana, TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2, TaWIT1 and TaWIP1 were identified as nuclear membrane proteins, while TaWPP1 and TaWPP2 were expressed in both the nucleus and cell membrane. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 were strongly upregulated in response to fungal infection. Furthermore, using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation, the luciferase complementation and a nuclear and split-ubiquitin-based membrane yeast two-hybrid systems, we substantiated the interaction between TaSUN2 and TaWIP1, as well as TaWIP1/WIT1 and TaWPP1/WPP2. Silencing of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 in wheat leaves promoted powdery mildew infection and hyphal growth, and reduced the expression of TaBRI1, TaBAK1 and Ta14-3-3, indicating that these NM proteins play a positive role in resistance to fungal stress. Our study reveals the characteristics of NM proteins and propose the preliminary construction of SUN-WIP-WPP-RanGAP complex in wheat, which represents a foundation for detail elucidating their functions in wheat in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Di Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ligang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lincai Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shikai Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Changyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Chen JS, Wang ST, Mei Q, Sun T, Hu JT, Xiao GS, Chen H, Xuan YH. The role of CBL-CIPK signaling in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:53. [PMID: 38714550 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants have a variety of regulatory mechanisms to perceive, transduce, and respond to biotic and abiotic stress. One such mechanism is the calcium-sensing CBL-CIPK system responsible for the sensing of specific stressors, such as drought or pathogens. CBLs perceive and bind Calcium (Ca2+) in response to stress and then interact with CIPKs to form an activated complex. This leads to the phosphorylation of downstream targets, including transporters and ion channels, and modulates transcription factor levels and the consequent levels of stress-associated genes. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the response of the CBL-CIPK pathway to biotic and abiotic stresses, including regulating ion transport channels, coordinating plant hormone signal transduction, and pathways related to ROS signaling. Investigation of the function of the CBL-CIPK pathway is important for understanding plant stress tolerance and provides a promising avenue for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - S T Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Q Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - T Sun
- Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - J T Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - G S Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China.
| | - H Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Y H Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Plant Protection, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Sun C, Li Y, Zhao T, Bi W, Song Y, Liang X, Wang X, Dou D, Xu G. Potato calcium sensor modules StCBL3-StCIPK7 and StCBL3-StCIPK24 negatively regulate plant immunity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38182981 PMCID: PMC10768403 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease on potato. Dissecting critical immune components in potato will be supportive for engineering P. infestans resistance. Upon pathogens attack, plant Ca2+ signature is generated and decoded by an array of Ca2+ sensors, among which calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) coupled with plant specific CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are much less explored in plant immunity. RESULTS In this study, we identified that two differential potato CBL-CIPK modules regulate plant defense responses against Phytophthora and ROS production, respectively. By deploying virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system-based pathogen inoculation assays, StCBL3 was shown to negatively regulate Phytophthora resistance. Consistently, StCBL3 was further found to negatively regulate PTI and ETI responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, StCIPK7 was identified to act together with StCBL3 to negatively regulate Phytophthora resistance. StCIPK7 physically interacts with StCBL3 and phosphorylates StCBL3 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. StCBL3 promotes StCIPK7 kinase activity. On the other hand, another StCBL3-interacting kinase StCIPK24 negatively modulating flg22-triggered accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interacting with StRBOHB. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that the StCBL3-StCIPK7 complex negatively modulates Phytophthora resistance and StCBL3-StCIPK24 complex negatively regulate ROS production. Our results offer new insights into the roles of potato CBL-CIPK in plant immunity and provide valuable gene resources to engineer the disease resistance potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weishuai Bi
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Song
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Piao Y, Li S, Chen Y, Zhao S, Piao Z, Wang H. A Ca 2+ sensor BraCBL1.2 involves in BraCRa-mediated clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad261. [PMID: 38298901 PMCID: PMC10828780 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae) severely threatens the cultivation of Cruciferous plants, especially Chinese cabbage. Recently, resistance genes in plants have been reported to encode for a Ca2+-permeable channel in the plasma membrane, which can mediate the cytosolic Ca2+ increase in plant cells upon pathogen attack. However, the downstream Ca2+ sensor and decoder are still unknown. In this study, we identified the virulent and avirulent P. brassicae isolates (Pbs) of two near isogenic lines, CR 3-2 and CS 3-2, with CR 3-2 harboring clubroot resistant gene BraCRa. The transcriptomic analysis was then conducted with CR 3-2 after inoculating with virulent isolate PbE and avirulent isolate Pb4. From the differentially expressed genes of transcriptomic data, we identified a Ca2+-sensor encoding gene, BraCBL1.2, that was highly induced in CR 3-2 during infection by Pb4 but not by PbE. Moreover, GUS histochemical staining and subcellular localization analysis revealed that BraCBL1.2 was specifically expressed in the root hair cells of Arabidopsis and encoded a putative Ca2+ sensor localized in the plasma membrane. We also developed an assay to investigate the BraCRa-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves. The results suggest that BraCBL1.2 is involved in the BraCRa-mediated plant ETI immune response against P. brassicae. In addition, we verified that overexpression of BraCBL1.2 enhanced clubroot resistance in Arabidopsis. Collectively, our data identified the involvement of a Ca2+ sensor in BraCRa-mediated clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage, providing a theoretical basis for further research on the resistance of Chinese cabbage to P. brassicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiduo Chen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Sisi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongyun Piao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Yu L, Wang X, Tang C, Wang H, Rabbani Nasab H, Kang Z, Wang J. Genome-Wide Characterization of Berberine Bridge Enzyme Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and the Positive Regulatory Role of TaBBE64 in Response to Wheat Stripe Rust. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19986-19999. [PMID: 38063491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Berberine bridge enzymes (BBEs), functioning as carbonate oxidases, enhance disease resistance in Arabidopsis and tobacco. However, the understanding of BBEs' role in monocots against pathogens remains limited. This study identified 81 TaBBEs with FAD_binding_4 and BBE domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a separation of the BBE gene family between monocots and dicots. Notably, RNA-seq showed TaBBE64's significant induction by both pathogen-associated molecular pattern treatment and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection at early stages. Subcellular localization revealed TaBBE64 at the cytoplasmic membrane. Knocking down TaBBE64 compromised wheat's Pst resistance, reducing reactive oxygen species and promoting fungal growth, confirming its positive role. Molecular docking and enzyme activity assays confirmed TaBBE64's glucose oxidation to produce H2O2. Since Pst relies on living wheat cells for carbohydrate absorption, TaBBE64's promotion of glucose oxidation limits fungal growth and resists pathogen infection. This study sheds light on BBEs' role in wheat resistance against biotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830006, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hojjatollah Rabbani Nasab
- Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre of Golestan Province, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan 999067, Iran
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Yin T, Ran X, Liu W, Shen Y, Guo H, Peng Y, Zhang C, Ding Y, Tang S. Stimulus-responsive proteins involved in multi-process regulation of storage substance accumulation during rice grain filling under elevated temperature. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:547. [PMID: 37936114 PMCID: PMC10631114 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensified global warming during grain filling deteriorated rice quality, in particular increasing the frequency of chalky grains which markedly impact market value. The formation of rice quality is a complex process influenced by multiple genes, proteins and physiological metabolic processes. Proteins responsive to stimulus can adjust the ability of plants to respond to unfavorable environments, which may be an important protein involved in the regulation of quality formation under elevated temperature. However, relatively few studies have hindered our further understanding of rice quality formation under elevated temperature. RESULTS We conducted the actual field elevated temperature experiment and performed proteomic analysis of rice grains at the early stage of grain filling. Starting with the response to stimulus in GO annotation, 22 key proteins responsive to stimulus were identified in the regulation of grain filling and response to elevated temperature. Among the proteins responsive to stimulus, during grain filling, an increased abundance of signal transduction and other stress response proteins, a decreased abundance of reactive oxygen species-related proteins, and an increased accumulation of storage substance metabolism proteins consistently contributed to grain filling. However, the abundance of probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4, probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 and CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 belonged to signal transduction were inhibited under elevated temperature. In the reactive oxygen species-related protein, elevated temperature increased the accumulation of cationic peroxidase SPC4 and persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog to maintain normal physiological homeostasis. The increased abundance of alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 was related to the storage substance metabolism, which regulated starch and protein accumulation under elevated temperature. CONCLUSION Auxin synthesis and calcium signal associated with signal transduction, other stress responses, protein transport and modification, and reactive oxygen species-related proteins may be key proteins responsive to stimulus in response to elevated temperature. Alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 may be the key proteins to regulate grain storage substance accumulation and further influence quality under elevated temperature. This study enriched the regulatory factors involved in the response to elevated temperature and provided a new idea for a better understanding of grain response to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyang Yin
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Ran
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - She Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Negi NP, Prakash G, Narwal P, Panwar R, Kumar D, Chaudhry B, Rustagi A. The calcium connection: exploring the intricacies of calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248648. [PMID: 37849843 PMCID: PMC10578444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules. Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of pathogen recognition, signal perception, and intricate cell signaling for their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathogenic attack induces calcium ion accumulation in the plant cells, resulting in calcium signatures that regulate the synthesis of proteins of defense system. These calcium signatures induct different calcium dependent proteins such as calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and other signaling molecules to orchestrate the complex defense signaling. Using advanced biotechnological tools, the role of Ca2+ signaling during plant-microbe interactions and the role of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant defense mechanism has been revealed to some extent. The Emerging perspectives on calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions suggest that this complex interplay could be harnessed to improve plant resistance against pathogenic microbes. We present here an overview of current understanding in calcium signatures during plant-microbe interaction so as to imbibe a future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Prabha Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Geeta Prakash
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Narwal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Li Y, Zhang R, Wu Y, Wu Q, Jiang Q, Ma J, Zhang Y, Qi P, Chen G, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Xu Q. TaRBP1 stabilizes TaGLTP and negatively regulates stripe rust resistance in wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1205-1219. [PMID: 37306522 PMCID: PMC10502812 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic balance and distribution of sphingolipid metabolites modulate the level of programmed cell death and plant defence. However, current knowledge is still limited regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and plant defence. In this study, we identified a wheat RNA-binding protein 1 (TaRBP1) and TaRBP1 mRNA accumulation significantly decreased in wheat after infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaRBP1 via virus-induced gene silencing conferred strong resistance to Pst by enhancing host plant reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death, indicating that TaRBP1 may act as a negative regulator in response to Pst. TaRBP1 formed a homopolymer and interacted with TaRBP1 C-terminus in plants. Additionally, TaRBP1 physically interacted with TaGLTP, a sphingosine transfer protein. Knockdown of TaGLTP enhanced wheat resistance to the virulent Pst CYR31. Sphingolipid metabolites showed a significant accumulation in TaGLTP-silenced wheat and TaRBP1-silenced wheat, respectively. In the presence of the TaRBP1 protein, TaGLTP failed to be degraded in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner in plants. Our results reveal a novel susceptible mechanism by which a plant fine-tunes its defence responses by stabilizing TaGLTP accumulation to suppress ROS and sphingolipid accumulation during Pst infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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11
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Wu Y, Luo Q, Wu Z, Yu J, Zhang Q, Shi F, Zou Y, Li L, Zhao H, Wang Y, Chen M, Chang J, He G, Yang G, Li Y. A straight-forward gene mining strategy to identify TaCIPK19 as a new regulator of drought tolerance in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108034. [PMID: 37738865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most impactful abiotic stresses to global wheat production. Therefore, identifying key regulators such as the calcineurin B-like protein interacting protein kinase (CIPK) in the signaling cascades known to coordinate developmental cues and environmental stimuli represents a useful approach to improve drought tolerance. However, functional studies have been very limited partly due to the difficulties in prioritizing candidate genes from the large TaCIPK family. To address this issue, we demonstrate a straight-forward strategy by analyzing gene expression patterns in response to phytohormones or stresses and identified TaCIPK19 as a new regulator to improve drought tolerance. The effects of TaCIPK19 on drought tolerance were evaluated in both tobacco and wheat through transgenic approach. Ectopic expression of TaCIPK19 in tobacco greatly improves drought tolerance with enhanced ABA biosynthesis/signaling and ROS scavenging capacity. TaCIPK19 overexpression in wheat also confers the drought tolerance at both seedling and mature stages with enhanced ROS scavenging capacity. Additionally, potential CBL partners interacting with TaCIPK19 were investigated. Collectively, our finding exemplifies a straight-forward approach to facilitate reverse genetics related to abiotic stress improvement and demonstrates TaCIPK19 as a new candidate gene to improve ROS scavenging capacity and drought tolerance, which is useful for genetic improvement and breeding application in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Wu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingchen Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Zehao Wu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fu Shi
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuge Zou
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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12
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Liu X, Wang X, Yang C, Wang G, Fan B, Shang Y, Dang C, Xie C, Wang Z. Genome-wide identification of TaCIPK gene family members in wheat and their roles in host response to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125691. [PMID: 37422244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a destructive disease affecting wheat crops worldwide. Functional genes can be activated in response to Bgt inoculations. Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) together with CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) forms the CBL-CIPK protein complex that participates in Ca2+ sensor kinase-related signaling pathways responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screening and identified 27 CIPK subfamilies (123 CIPK transcripts, TaCIPKs) including 55 new and 47 updated TaCIPKs in wheat. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 123 TaCIPKs could be divided into four groups. Segmental duplications and tandem repeats promoted the expansion of the TaCIPK family. Gene function was further evidenced by differences in gene structure, cis-elements, and protein domains. TaCIPK15-4A was cloned in this study. TaCIPK15-4A contained 17 serine, seven tyrosine, and 15 threonine phosphorylation sites and localized in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. TaCIPK15-4A expression was induced after Bgt inoculation. Virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression experiments indicated that TaCIPK15-4A could play a positive role in wheat disease resistance to Bgt. Overall, these results provide insights into the role of the TaCIPK gene family in wheat resistance and could be beneficial for further research to prevent Bgt infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Chenxiao Yang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Baoli Fan
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Yuntao Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China
| | - Chen Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 30087, China.
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13
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Guo J, Mou Y, Li Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Lin H, Kang Z, Guo J. Silencing a Chitinase Gene, PstChia1, Reduces Virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098215. [PMID: 37175921 PMCID: PMC10179651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the main component of fungal cell walls, which can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). Chitinase in filamentous fungi has been reported to degrade immunogenic chitin oligomers, thereby preventing chitin-induced immune activation. In this study, we identified the chitinase families in 10 fungal genomes. A total of 131 chitinase genes were identified. Among the chitinase families, 16 chitinase genes from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) were identified, and the expression of PstChia1 was the highest during Pst infection. Further studies indicated that PstChia1 is highly induced during the early stages of the interaction of wheat and Pst and has chitinase enzyme activity. The silencing of PstChia1 revealed that PstChia1 limited the growth and reduced the virulence of Pst. The expression level of TaPR1 and TaPR2 was induced in PstChia1 knockdown plants, suggesting that PstChia1 is involved in regulating wheat resistance to Pst. Our data suggest that PstChia1 contributes to pathogenicity by interfering with plant immunity and regulating the growth of Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ying Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuanxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Haocheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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14
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Chen H, Lin Q, Li Z, Chu J, Dong H, Mei Q, Xuan Y. Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 31 confers resistance to sheath blight via modulation of ROS homeostasis in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:221-231. [PMID: 36633167 PMCID: PMC9923392 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB) severely threatens rice cultivation and production; however, the molecular mechanism of rice defence against ShB remains unclear. Screening of transposon Ds insertion mutants identified that Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31) mutants were more susceptible to ShB, while CIPK31 overexpressors (OX) were less susceptible. Sequence analysis indicated two haplotypes of CIPK31: Hap_1, with significantly higher CIPK31 expression, was less sensitive to ShB than the Hap_2 lines. Further analyses showed that the NAF domain of CIPK31 interacted with the EF-hand motif of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOHA) to inhibit RBOHA-induced H2 O2 production, and RBOHA RNAi plants were more susceptible to ShB. These data suggested that the CIPK31-mediated increase in resistance is not associated with RBOHA. Interestingly, the study also found that CIPK31 interacted with catalase C (CatC); cipk31 mutants accumulated less H2 O2 while CIPK31 OX accumulated more H2 O2 compared to the wild-type control. Further analysis showed the interaction of the catalase domain of CatC with the NAF domain of CIPK31 by which CIPK31 inhibits CatC activity to accumulate more H2 O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qiujun Lin
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing TechnologyLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jin Chu
- Institution of Plant ProtectionLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Hai Dong
- Institution of Plant ProtectionLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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15
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Emerging Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Saline Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043388. [PMID: 36834798 PMCID: PMC9961897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important phytohormones is salicylic acid (SA), which is essential for the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of SA in plant-pathogen interactions has attracted a lot of attention. Aside from defense responses, SA is also important in responding to abiotic stimuli. It has been proposed to have great potential for improving the stress resistance of major agricultural crops. On the other hand, SA utilization is dependent on the dosage of the applied SA, the technique of application, and the status of the plants (e.g., developmental stage and acclimation). Here, we reviewed the impact of SA on saline stress responses and the associated molecular pathways, as well as recent studies toward understanding the hubs and crosstalk between SA-induced tolerances to biotic and saline stress. We propose that elucidating the mechanism of the SA-specific response to various stresses, as well as SA-induced rhizosphere-specific microbiome modeling, may provide more insights and support in coping with plant saline stress.
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16
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He F, Wang C, Sun H, Tian S, Zhao G, Liu C, Wan C, Guo J, Huang X, Zhan G, Yu X, Kang Z, Guo J. Simultaneous editing of three homoeologues of TaCIPK14 confers broad-spectrum resistance to stripe rust in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:354-368. [PMID: 36326663 PMCID: PMC9884018 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases resulting in significant losses to wheat production worldwide. The development of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to control diseases. Altering the susceptibility genes that promote pathogen compatibility via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology has become a new strategy for developing disease-resistant wheat varieties. Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) has been demonstrated to be involved in defence responses during plant-pathogen interactions. However, whether wheat CIPK functions as susceptibility factor is still unclear. Here, we isolated a CIPK homoeologue gene TaCIPK14 from wheat. Knockdown of TaCIPK14 significantly increased wheat resistance to Pst, whereas overexpression of TaCIPK14 resulted in enhanced wheat susceptibility to Pst by decreasing different aspects of the defence response, including accumulation of ROS and expression of pathogenesis-relative genes. We generated wheat Tacipk14 mutant plants by simultaneous modification of the three homoeologues of wheat TaCIPK14 via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The Tacipk14 mutant lines expressed race-nonspecific (RNS) broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) to Pst. Moreover, no significant difference was found in agronomic yield traits between Tacipk14 mutant plants and Fielder control plants under greenhouse and field conditions. These results demonstrate that TaCIPK14 acts as an important susceptibility factor in wheat response to Pst, and knockout of TaCIPK14 represents a powerful strategy for generating new disease-resistant wheat varieties with BSR to Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ce Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Huilin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Guosen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cuiping Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xueling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Gangming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xiumei Yu
- Technological Innovation Centre for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei ProvinceHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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17
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Yang S, Li J, Lu J, Wang L, Min F, Guo M, Wei Q, Wang W, Dong X, Mao Y, Hu L, Wang X. Potato calcineurin B-like protein CBL4, interacting with calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase CIPK2, positively regulates plant resistance to stem canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1032900. [PMID: 36687567 PMCID: PMC9845770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calcium sensor calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting partners, CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), have emerged as a complex network in response to abiotic and biotic stress perception. However, little is known about how CBL-CIPK complexes function in potatoes. Methods In this study, we identified the components of one potato signaling complex, StCBL4-StCIPK2, and characterized its function in defense against Rhizoctonia solani causing stem canker in potato. Results Expressions of both StCBL4 and StCIPK2 from potato were coordinately induced upon R. solani infection and following exposure to the defense genes. Furthermore, transient overexpression of StCBL4 and StCIPK2 individually and synergistically increased the tolerance of potato plants to R. solani in Nicotiana benthamiana. Additionally, the transgenic potato has also been shown to enhance resistance significantly. In contrast, susceptibility to R. solani was exhibited in N. benthamiana following virus-induced gene silencing of NbCBL and NbCIPK2. Evidence revealed that StCBL4 could interact in yeast and in planta with StCIPK2. StCBL4 and StCIPK2 transcription was induced upon R. solani infection and this expression in response to the pathogen was enhanced in StCBL4- and StCIPK2-transgenic potato. Moreover, accumulated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly upregulated and enhanced in both StCBL4- and StCIPK2- transgenic potato. Discussion Accordingly, StCBL4 and StCIPK2 were involved in regulating the immune response to defend the potato plant against R. solani. Together, our data demonstrate that StCBL4 functions in concert with StCIPK2, as positive regulators of immunity, contributing to combating stem canker disease in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fanxiang Min
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuezhi Dong
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanzhi Mao
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Linshuang Hu
- Institute of Industrial Crop, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodan Wang,
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Calcium decoders and their targets: The holy alliance that regulate cellular responses in stress signaling. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:371-439. [PMID: 36858741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is versatile communication network in the cell. Stimuli perceived by cells are transposed through Ca2+-signature, and are decoded by plethora of Ca2+ sensors present in the cell. Calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases and calcineurin B-like proteins are major classes of proteins that decode the Ca2+ signature and serve in the propagation of signals to different parts of cells by targeting downstream proteins. These decoders and their targets work together to elicit responses against diverse stress stimuli. Over a period of time, significant attempts have been made to characterize as well as summarize elements of this signaling machinery. We begin with a structural overview and amalgamate the newly identified Ca2+ sensor protein in plants. Their ability to bind Ca2+, undergo conformational changes, and how it facilitates binding to a wide variety of targets is further embedded. Subsequently, we summarize the recent progress made on the functional characterization of Ca2+ sensing machinery and in particular their target proteins in stress signaling. We have focused on the physiological role of Ca2+, the Ca2+ sensing machinery, and the mode of regulation on their target proteins during plant stress adaptation. Additionally, we also discuss the role of these decoders and their mode of regulation on the target proteins during abiotic, hormone signaling and biotic stress responses in plants. Finally, here, we have enumerated the limitations and challenges in the Ca2+ signaling. This article will greatly enable in understanding the current picture of plant response and adaptation during diverse stimuli through the lens of Ca2+ signaling.
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Cheng W, Wang Z, Xu F, Lu G, Su Y, Wu Q, Wang T, Que Y, Xu L. Screening of Candidate Genes Associated with Brown Stripe Resistance in Sugarcane via BSR-seq Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415500. [PMID: 36555141 PMCID: PMC9778799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane brown stripe (SBS), caused by the fungal pathogen Helminthosporium stenospilum, is one of the most serious threats to sugarcane production. However, its outbreaks and epidemics require suitable climatic conditions, resulting in the inefficient improvement of the SBS resistance by phenotype selection. The sugarcane F1 population of SBS-resistant YT93-159 × SBS-susceptible ROC22 was used for constructing the bulks. Bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) was then performed on the parents YT93-159 (T01) and ROC22 (T02), and the opposite bulks of 30 SBS-susceptible individuals mixed bulk (T03) and 30 SBS-resistant individuals mixed bulk (T04) collected from 287 F1 individuals. A total of 170.00 Gb of clean data containing 297,921 SNPs and 70,426 genes were obtained. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis suggested that 7787 and 5911 DEGs were identified in the parents (T01 vs. T02) and two mixed bulks (T03 vs. T04), respectively. In addition, 25,363 high-quality and credible SNPs were obtained using the genome analysis toolkit GATK for SNP calling. Subsequently, six candidate regions with a total length of 8.72 Mb, which were located in the chromosomes 4B and 7C of sugarcane wild species Saccharum spontaneum, were identified, and 279 genes associated with SBS-resistance were annotated by ED algorithm and ΔSNP-index. Furthermore, the expression profiles of candidate genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, and the results showed that eight genes (LRR-RLK, DHAR1, WRKY7, RLK1, BLH4, AK3, CRK34, and NDA2) and seven genes (WRKY31, CIPK2, CKA1, CDPK6, PFK4, CBL2, and PR2) of the 20 tested genes were significantly up-regulated in YT93-159 and ROC22, respectively. Finally, a potential molecular mechanism of sugarcane response to H. stenospilum infection is illustrate that the activations of ROS signaling, MAPK cascade signaling, Ca2+ signaling, ABA signaling, and the ASA-GSH cycle jointly promote the SBS resistance in sugarcane. This study provides abundant gene resources for the SBS resistance breeding in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Youxiong Que
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8385-2547 (Y.Q.); +86-591-8377-2604 (L.X.)
| | - Liping Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8385-2547 (Y.Q.); +86-591-8377-2604 (L.X.)
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20
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Xiao C, Zhang H, Xie F, Pan ZY, Qiu WM, Tong Z, Wang ZQ, He XJ, Xu YH, Sun ZH. Evolution, gene expression, and protein‒protein interaction analyses identify candidate CBL-CIPK signalling networks implicated in stress responses to cold and bacterial infection in citrus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:420. [PMID: 36045357 PMCID: PMC9434895 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold is a major abiotic stress and Huanglongbing and citrus canker disease are two devastating bacterial diseases for citrus. The Ca2+-CBL-CIPK network is known to regulate different types of stress signalling in plants. How do CBL-CIPK signalling networks function in response to cold and infection by CLas or Xcc in citrus? RESULTS Eight calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and seventeen CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) were identified from the cold-tolerant satsuma mandarin 'Guijing2501' (Citrus. unshiu) and CLas/Xcc-sensitive sweet orange (C. sinensis). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CBL and CIPK family members in citrus were classified into an ancient and a recent clade according to their conserved domain characteristics and/or intron/exon structures. Genome duplication analysis suggested that both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the amplification of the CBL and CIPK gene families in citrus under intense purifying selection, and the duplication events only existed in the recent clades. Expression comparison of the duplicated gene pairs indicated that the duplicated CBL and CIPK genes underwent functional differentiation. Further expression analysis identified that CBL1, 5, 6, and 8 and CIPK2, 8, 12, 15, 16, and 17 were significantly regulated by multiple stresses, including cold, Xcc infection and/or CLas infection, in citrus, whereas CBL2/7 and CIPK1/4/5/11/13/14 were independently highly regulated by cold and CIPK3 was uniquely responsive to Xcc infection. The combination analyses of targeted Y2H assay and expression analysis revealed that CBL6-CIPK8 was the common signalling network in response to cold and Xcc infection, while CBL6/CBL8-CIPK14 was uniquely responsive to cold in citrus. Further stable transformation and cold tolerance assay indicated that overexpression of CuCIPK16 enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis with higher POD activity and lower MDA content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, evolution, gene expression and protein‒protein interaction analyses of citrus CBLs and CIPKs were comprehensively conducted over a genome-wide range. The results will facilitate future functional characterization of individual citrus CBLs and CIPKs under specific stresses and provide clues for the clarification of cold tolerance and disease susceptibility mechanisms in corresponding citrus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xiao
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Fan Xie
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhi-Yong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wen-Ming Qiu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Zhu Tong
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Ze-Qiong Wang
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Xiu-Juan He
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Yu-Hai Xu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Zhong-Hai Sun
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
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21
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Wan C, Liu Y, Tian S, Guo J, Bai X, Zhu H, Kang Z, Guo J. A serine-rich effector from the stripe rust pathogen targets a Raf-like kinase to suppress host immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:762-778. [PMID: 35567492 PMCID: PMC9434189 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an important obligate pathogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and secretes effectors into plant cells to promote infection. Identifying host targets of effector proteins and clarifying their roles in pathogen infection is essential for understanding pathogen virulence. In this study, we identified a serine-rich effector, Pst27791, from Pst that suppresses cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Stable overexpression of Pst27791 in wheat suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation and the salicylic acid-dependent defense response. Transgenic wheat expressing the RNA interference construct of Pst27791 exhibited high resistance to Pst virulent isolate CYR31, indicating its importance in pathogenesis. Pst27791 interacting with wheat rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)-like kinase TaRaf46 in yeast and in planta. Knocking down TaRaf46 expression in wheat attenuated Pst infection and increased wheat immunity. The overexpression of TaRaf46 decreased wheat resistance to Pst and repressed MAPK activation in wheat. Pst27791 may stabilize TaRaf46 through the inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation in N. benthamiana. The ability of Pst27791 to enhance Pst colonization was compromised when TaRaf46 was silenced, suggesting that the virulence of Pst27791 is mediated by TaRaf46. Overall, these results indicate that Raf-like kinase TaRaf46 is exploited by the Pst effector as a negative regulator of plant immunity to promote infection in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haochuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Taj M, Sajjad M, Li M, Yasmeen A, Mubarik MS, Kaniganti S, He C. Potential Targets for CRISPR/Cas Knockdowns to Enhance Genetic Resistance Against Some Diseases in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:926955. [PMID: 35783286 PMCID: PMC9245383 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.926955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Even though wheat yields have increased considerably in recent years, future wheat production is predicted to face enormous challenges due to global climate change and new versions of diseases. CRISPR/Cas technology is a clean gene technology and can be efficiently used to target genes prone to biotic stress in wheat genome. Herein, the published research papers reporting the genetic factors corresponding to stripe rust, leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight and some insect pests were critically reviewed to identify negative genetic factors (Susceptible genes) in bread wheat. Out of all reported genetic factors related to these disease, 33 genetic factors (S genes) were found as negative regulators implying that their down-regulation, deletion or silencing improved disease tolerance/resistance. The results of the published studies provided the concept of proof that these 33 genetic factors are potential targets for CRISPR/Cas knockdowns to improve genetic tolerance/resistance against these diseases in wheat. The sequences of the 33 genes were retrieved and re-mapped on the latest wheat reference genome IWGSC RefSeq v2.1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that pathogens causing the same type of disease had some common conserved motifs and were closely related. Considering the significance of these disease on wheat yield, the S genes identified in this study are suggested to be disrupted using CRISPR/Cas system in wheat. The knockdown mutants of these S genes will add to genetic resources for improving biotic stress resistance in wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Taj
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Sajjad, ; Mingju Li,
| | - Mingju Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resource Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Sajjad, ; Mingju Li,
| | - Arooj Yasmeen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sirisha Kaniganti
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Chi He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resource Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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OsASR6 Alleviates Rice Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae via Transcriptional Suppression of OsCIPK15. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126622. [PMID: 35743079 PMCID: PMC9223573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific ASR (abscisic acid, stress and ripening) transcription factors are pivotal regulators of plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, their functions in plant disease resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the role of OsASR6 in rice plants’ resistance to two important bacterial diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying OsASR6-regulated resistance. The expression of OsASR6 was strongly elevated in response to both Xoo and Xoc challenges. Silencing of OsASR6 in OsASR6-RNAi transgenic plants markedly enhanced rice resistance to the two bacterial pathogens. Moreover, comparative transcriptome analyses for OsASR6-RNAi and wild-type plants inoculated and uninoculated with Xoc demonstrated that OsASR6 suppressed rice resistance to Xoc by comprehensively fine-tuning CIPK15- and WRKY45-1-mediated immunity, SA signaling and redox homeostasis. Further luciferase reporter assays confirmed that OsASR6 negatively regulated CIPK15 but not WRKY45-1 expression in planta. Overexpression of OsCIPK15 strongly enhanced rice resistance to Xoo and Xoc. Collectively, these results reveal that OsASR6 alleviates rice resistance through the transcriptional suppression of OsCIPK15, and thus links calcium signaling to rice resistance against X. oryzae. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying OsASR6-mediated regulation of rice resistance to X. oryzae.
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Bai X, Zhan G, Tian S, Peng H, Cui X, Islam MA, Goher F, Ma Y, Kang Z, Xu ZS, Guo J. Transcription factor BZR2 activates chitinase Cht20.2 transcription to confer resistance to wheat stripe rust. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2749-2762. [PMID: 34618056 PMCID: PMC8644182 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The brassinosteroid pathway promotes a variety of physiological processes in plants and the brassinosteroid insensitive1-ethylmethane sulfonate suppressor (BES)/brassinazole-resistant (BZR) functions as one of its key regulators. We previously showed that the BES/BZR-type transcription factor TaBZR2 mediates the drought stress response in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by directly upregulating the transcriptional activity of glutathione S-transferase 1. However, the function of TaBZR2 in plants under biotic stresses is unknown. In this study, we found that transcript levels of TaBZR2 were upregulated in response to inoculation with wheat stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) and treatment with flg22 or an elicitor-like protein of Pst, Pst322. Wheat lines overexpressing TaBZR2 conferred increased resistance, whereas TaBZR2-RNAi lines exhibited decreased resistance to multiple races of Pst. TaBZR2 targeted the promoter of the chitinase gene TaCht20.2, activating its transcription. Knockdown of TaCht20.2 in wheat resulted in enhanced susceptibility to Pst, indicating the positive role of TaCht20.2 in wheat resistance. Upon Pst infection in vivo, the overexpression of TaBZR2 increased total chitinase activity, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of TaBZR2 reduced total chitinase activity. Taken together, our results suggest that TaBZR2 confers broad-spectrum resistance to the stripe rust fungus by increasing total chitinase activity in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gangming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Farhan Goher
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Author for communication:
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25
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Ma Y, Chen Q, He J, Cao J, Liu Z, Wang J, Yang Y. The kinase CIPK14 functions as a negative regulator of plant immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111017. [PMID: 34620426 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a critical second messenger in plants, Ca2+ is involved in numerous biological processes including biotic and abiotic stress responses. The CBL-interacting protein kinases, known as CIPKs, are essential components in Ca2+-mediated signal transduction pathways. Here, we found that CIPK14 plays a role in the process of regulating immune response in Arabidopsis. The CIPK14 loss-of-function mutants exhibited enhanced resistance to the P. syringae, whereas CIPK14 overexpression plants were more susceptible to bacterial pathogen. Enhanced resistance in cipk14 mutants were accompanied by increased accumulation of SA and elevated expression of defense marker genes (PR1, EDS1, EDS5, ICS1). Overexpression of CIPK14 suppressed Pst DC3000, Pst DC3000 hrcC and flg22 induced generation of ROS and callose deposition. As compared with wild type plants, the expression levels of MPK3/6-dependent PTI marker genes (FRK1, CYP81F2, WAK2, FOX) were up-regulated in cipk14 mutants but down-regulated in CIPK14 overexpression plants after flg22 and elf18 treatment. Additionally, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function of CIPK14 significantly altered the phosphorylation status of MPK3/6 under flg22 treatment, suggesting that CIPK14 is a general modulator of plant immunity at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Taken together, our results uncover that CIPK14 acts as a negative regulator in plant immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiahan He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Xu M, Li H, Liu ZN, Wang XH, Xu P, Dai SJ, Cao X, Cui XY. The soybean CBL-interacting protein kinase, GmCIPK2, positively regulates drought tolerance and ABA signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:980-989. [PMID: 34583133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) play important roles in plant environmental stress responses. However, the biological functions of the CBL-CIPK signaling pathway in the tolerance of soybean (Glycine max) to drought stress remain elusive. Here, we characterized the GmCIPK2 gene in soybean, and its expression was induced by drought stress and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The overexpression of GmCIPK2 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots, whereas downregulation of GmCIPK2 expression in soybean hairy roots by RNA interference resulted in increased drought sensitivity. Further analysis showed that GmCIPK2 was involved in ABA-mediated stomatal closure in plants under drought stress conditions. GmCIPK2 increased the expression of ABA- and drought-responsive genes during drought stress. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that a positive regulator of drought stress, GmCBL1, physically interacted with GmCIPK2 on the plasma membrane. Collectively, our results demonstrated that GmCIPK2 positively regulates drought tolerance and ABA signaling in plants, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of how the CBL-CIPK signaling pathway contributes to drought tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Hui Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Zhen-Ning Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Sheng-Jie Dai
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Xue Cao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Cui
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
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27
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Mao J, Yuan J, Mo Z, An L, Shi S, Visser RGF, Bai Y, Sun Y, Liu G, Liu H, Wang Q, van der Linden CG. Overexpression of NtCBL5A Leads to Necrotic Lesions by Enhancing Na + Sensitivity of Tobacco Leaves Under Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740976. [PMID: 34603362 PMCID: PMC8484801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars are salt-tolerant and thus are potential model plants to study the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance. The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN (CBL) is a vital family of plant calcium sensor proteins that can transmit Ca2+ signals triggered by environmental stimuli including salt stress. Therefore, assessing the potential of NtCBL for genetic improvement of salt stress is valuable. In our studies on NtCBL members, constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A was found to cause salt supersensitivity with necrotic lesions on leaves. NtCBL5A-overexpressing (OE) leaves tended to curl and accumulated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. The supersensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves was specifically induced by Na+, but not by Cl-, osmotic stress, or drought stress. Ion content measurements indicated that NtCBL5A-OE leaves showed sensitivity to the Na+ accumulation levels that wild-type leaves could tolerate. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling showed that many immune response-related genes are significantly upregulated and photosynthetic machinery-related genes are significantly downregulated in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In addition, the expression of several cation homeostasis-related genes was also affected in salt-stressed NtCBL5A-OE leaves. In conclusion, the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A interferes with the normal salt stress response of tobacco plants and leads to Na+-dependent leaf necrosis by enhancing the sensitivity of transgenic leaves to Na+. This Na+ sensitivity of NtCBL5A-OE leaves might result from the abnormal Na+ compartmentalization, plant photosynthesis, and plant immune response triggered by the constitutive overexpression of NtCBL5A. Identifying genes and pathways involved in this unusual salt stress response can provide new insights into the salt stress response of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Mao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jiaping Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Mo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lulu An
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
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Shi B, Wang J, Gao H, Yang Q, Wang Y, Day B, Ma Q. The small GTP-binding protein TaRop10 interacts with TaTrxh9 and functions as a negative regulator of wheat resistance against the stripe rust. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110937. [PMID: 34134844 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins, also known as ROPs (Rho of Plants), are a subfamily of the Ras superfamily of signaling G-proteins and are required for numerous signaling processes, ranging from growth and development to biotic and abiotic signaling. In this study, we cloned and characterized wheat TaRop10, a homolog of Arabidopsis ROP10 and member of the class II ROP, and uncovered a role for TaRop10 in wheat response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). TaRop10 was downregulated by actin depolymerization and was observed to be differentially induced by abiotic stress and the perception of plant hormones. A combination of yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that TaRop10 interacted with a h-type thioredoxin (TaTrxh9). Knocking-down of TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 was performed using the BSMV-VIGS (barley stripe mosaic virus-based virus-induced gene silencing) technique and revealed that TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 play a role in the negative regulation of defense signaling in response to Pst infection. In total, the data presented herein further illuminate our understanding of how intact plant cells accommodate fungal infection structures, and furthermore, support the function of TaRop10 and TaTrxh9 in negative modulation of defense signaling in response to stripe rust infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Lee HJ, Seo PJ. Ca 2+talyzing Initial Responses to Environmental Stresses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:849-870. [PMID: 33706981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved stress-sensing machineries that initiate rapid adaptive environmental stress responses. Cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) is the most prominent second messenger that couples extracellular signals with specific intracellular responses. Essential early events that generate a cytosolic Ca2+ spike in response to environmental stress are starting to emerge. We review sensory machineries, including ion channels and transporters, which perceive various stress stimuli and allow cytosolic Ca2+ influx. We highlight integrative roles of Ca2+ channels in plant responses to various environmental stresses, as well as possible interplay of Ca2+ with other early signaling components, which facilitates signal propagation for systemic spread and spatiotemporal variations in respect to external cues. The early Ca2+ signaling schemes inspire the identification of additional stress sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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TaAP2-15, An AP2/ERF Transcription Factor, Is Positively Involved in Wheat Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042080. [PMID: 33669850 PMCID: PMC7923241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AP2 transcription factors play a crucial role in plant development and reproductive growth, as well as response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, the role of TaAP2-15, in the interaction between wheat and the stripe fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), remains elusive. In this study, we isolated TaAP2-15 and characterized its function during the interaction. TaAP2-15 was localized in the nucleus of wheat and N. benthamiana. Silencing of TaAP2-15 by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) increased the susceptibility of wheat to Pst accompanied by enhanced growth of the pathogen (number of haustoria, haustorial mother cells and hyphal length). We confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR that the transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes (TaPR1 and TaPR2) were down-regulated, while reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging genes (TaCAT3 and TaFSOD3D) were induced accompanied by reduced accumulation of H2O2. Furthermore, we found that TaAP2-15 interacted with a zinc finger protein (TaRZFP34) that is a homolog of OsRZFP34 in rice. Together our findings demonstrate that TaAP2-15 is positively involved in resistance of wheat to the stripe rust fungus and provides new insights into the roles of AP2 in the host-pathogen interaction.
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Su Y, Guo A, Huang Y, Wang Y, Hua J. GhCIPK6a increases salt tolerance in transgenic upland cotton by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK signaling pathways. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:421. [PMID: 32928106 PMCID: PMC7488661 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses in production of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Upland cotton is defined as a medium salt-tolerant crop. Salinity hinders root development, shoots growth, and reduces the fiber quality. RESULTS Our previous study verified a GhCIPK6a gene response to salt stress in G. hirsutum. The homologs of GhCIPK6a were analyzed in A2 (G. arboreum), D5 (G. raimondii), and AD1 (G. hirsutum) genomes. GhCIPK6a localized to the vacuole and cell membrane. The GhCBL1-GhCIPK6a and GhCBL8-GhCIPK6a complexes localized to the nucleus and cytomembrane. Overexpression of GhCIPK6a enhanced expression levels of co-expressed genes induced by salt stress, which scavenged ROS and involved in MAPK signaling pathways verified by RNA-seq analysis. Water absorption capacity and cell membrane stability of seeds from GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines was higher than that of wild-type seeds during imbibed germination stage. The seed germination rates and seedling field emergence percentages of GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines were higher than that of control line under salt stress. Moreover, overexpressing of GhCIPK6a in cotton increased lint percentage, and fiber length uniformity under salt stress. CONCLUSIONS We verified the function of GhCIPK6a by transformation and RNA-seq analysis. GhCIPK6a overexpressed lines exhibited higher tolerance to abiotic stresses, which functioned by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK pathways. Therefore, GhCIPK6a has the potential for cotton breeding to improve stress-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics; Genomics and Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Anhui Guo
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics; Genomics and Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yi Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Research Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 Hubei China
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics; Genomics and Breeding / Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
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Chitinase Gene Positively Regulates Hypersensitive and Defense Responses of Pepper to Colletotrichum acutatum Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186624. [PMID: 32927746 PMCID: PMC7555800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The utilization of chitin-binding proteins or chitinase genes is the best option to control this disease. A chitin-binding domain (CBD) has been shown to be crucial for the innate immunity of plants and activates the hypersensitive response (HR). The CaChiIII7 chitinase gene has been identified and isolated from pepper plants. CaChiIII7 has repeated CBDs that encode a chitinase enzyme that is transcriptionally stimulated by C. acutatum infection. The knockdown of CaChiIII7 in pepper plants confers increased hypersensitivity to C. acutatum, resulting in its proliferation in infected leaves and an attenuation of the defense response genes CaPR1, CaPR5, and SAR8.2 in the CaChiIII7-silenced pepper plants. Additionally, H2O2 accumulation, conductivity, proline biosynthesis, and root activity were distinctly reduced in CaChiIII7-silenced plants. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that the CaChiIII7 protein is located in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of plant cells. The transient expression of CaChiIII7 increases the basal resistance to C. acutatum by significantly expressing several defense response genes and the HR in pepper leaves, accompanied by an induction of H2O2 biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that CaChiIII7 plays a prominent role in plant defense in response to pathogen infection.
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Ma X, Li QH, Yu YN, Qiao YM, Haq SU, Gong ZH. The CBL-CIPK Pathway in Plant Response to Stress Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5668. [PMID: 32784662 PMCID: PMC7461506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants need to cope with multitudes of stimuli throughout their lifecycles in their complex environments. Calcium acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in response to numerous stresses and developmental processes in plants. The major Ca2+ sensors, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form a CBL-CIPK signaling network, which functions as a key component in the regulation of multiple stimuli or signals in plants. In this review, we describe the conserved structure of CBLs and CIPKs, characterize the features of classification and localization, draw conclusions about the currently known mechanisms, with a focus on novel findings in response to multiple stresses, and summarize the physiological functions of the CBL-CIPK network. Moreover, based on the gradually clarified mechanisms of the CBL-CIPK complex, we discuss the present limitations and potential prospects for future research. These aspects may provide a deeper understanding and functional characterization of the CBL-CIPK pathway and other signaling pathways under different stresses, which could promote crop yield improvement via biotechnological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Quan-Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Yi-Ming Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Saeed ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.M.); (Q.-H.L.); (Y.-N.Y.); (Y.-M.Q.); (S.u.H.)
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Ma X, Gai WX, Qiao YM, Ali M, Wei AM, Luo DX, Li QH, Gong ZH. Identification of CBL and CIPK gene families and functional characterization of CaCIPK1 under Phytophthora capsici in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:775. [PMID: 31653202 PMCID: PMC6814991 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are major Ca2+ sensors that interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to regulate growth and development in plants. The CBL-CIPK network is involved in stress response, yet little is understood on how CBL-CIPK function in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), a staple vegetable crop that is threatened by biotic and abiotic stressors. Results In the present study, nine CaCBL and 26 CaCIPK genes were identified in pepper and the genes were named based on their chromosomal order. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed that CaCBL and CaCIPK genes clustered in four and five groups, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays showed that CaCBL and CaCIPK genes were constitutively expressed in different tissues, and their expression patterns were altered when the plant was exposed to Phytophthora capsici, salt and osmotic stress. CaCIPK1 expression changed in response to stress, including exposure to P. capsici, NaCl, mannitol, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH), cold and heat stress. Knocking down CaCIPK1 expression increased the susceptibility of pepper to P. capsici, reduced root activity, and altered the expression of defense related genes. Transient overexpression of CaCIPK1 enhanced H2O2 accumulation, cell death, and expression of genes involved in defense. Conclusions Nine CaCBL and 26 CaCIPK genes were identified in the pepper genome, and the expression of most CaCBL and CaCIPK genes were altered when the plant was exposed to stress. In particular, we found that CaCIPK1 is mediates the pepper plant’s defense against P. capsici. These results provide the groundwork for further functional characterization of CaCBL and CaCIPK genes in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xian Gai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xu Luo
- Xuhuai Region Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
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Wu J, Gao J, Bi W, Zhao J, Yu X, Li Z, Liu D, Liu B, Wang X. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of Genes Associated with the Lr47-Mediated Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust ( Puccinia triticina). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4498. [PMID: 31514396 PMCID: PMC6769777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Puccinia triticina (Pt), the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens threatening global wheat cultivations. The rational utilization of leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes is still the most efficient method for the control of such diseases. The Lr47 gene introgressed from chromosome 7S of Aegilops speltoides still showed high resistance to the majority of Pt races collected in China. However, the Lr47 gene has not been cloned yet, and the regulatory network of the Lr47-mediated resistance has not been explored. In the present investigation, transcriptome analysis was applied on RNA samples from three different wheat lines ("Yecora Rojo", "UC1037", and "White Yecora") carrying the Lr47 gene three days post-inoculation with the epidemic Pt race THTT. A comparison between Pt-inoculated and water-inoculated "Lr47-Yecora Rojo" lines revealed a total number of 863 upregulated (q-value < 0.05 and log2foldchange > 1) and 418 downregulated (q-value < 0.05 and log2foldchange < -1) genes. Specifically, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) located on chromosomes 7AS, 7BS, and 7DS were identified, ten of which encoded receptor-like kinases (RLKs). The expression patterns of these RLK genes were further determined by a time-scale qRT-PCR assay. Moreover, heatmaps for the expression profiles of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and several transcription factor gene families were generated. Using a transcriptomic approach, we initially profiled the transcriptional changes associated with the Lr47-mediated resistance. The identified DEGs, particularly those genes encoding RLKs, might serve as valuable genetic resources for the improvement of wheat resistance to Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Weishuai Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiaojie Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zaifeng Li
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Daqun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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Liu P, Guo J, Zhang R, Zhao J, Liu C, Qi T, Duan Y, Kang Z, Guo J. TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to activate wheat defense responses to stripe rust. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:956-968. [PMID: 30451367 PMCID: PMC6587807 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase (CIPKs) has been shown to be required for biotic stress tolerance of plants in plant-pathogen interactions. However, the roles of CIPKs in immune signalling of cereal crops and an in-depth knowledge of substrates of CIPKs in response to biotic stress are under debate. In this study, we identified and cloned a CIPK homologue gene TaCIPK10 from wheat. TaCIPK10 was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) inoculation and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. In vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrated that the kinase activity of TaCIPK10 is regulated by Ca2+ and TaCBL4. Knockdown TaCIPK10 significantly reduced wheat resistance to Pst, whereas TaCIPK10 overexpression resulted in enhanced wheat resistance to Pst by the induction of defense response in different aspects, including hypersensitive cell death, ROS accumulation and pathogenesis-relative genes expression. Moreover, TaCIPK10 physically interacted with and phosphorylated TaNH2, which was homologous to AtNPR3/4. Silencing of TaNH2 in wheat resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the avirulent Pst race, CYR23, indicating its positive role in wheat resistance. Our results demonstrate that TaCIPK10 positively regulate wheat resistance to Pst as molecular links between of Ca2+ and downstream components of defense response and TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to regulate wheat resistance to Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Tuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yinghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Hake K, Romeis T. Protein kinase-mediated signalling in priming: Immune signal initiation, propagation, and establishment of long-term pathogen resistance in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:904-917. [PMID: 30151921 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
"Priming" in plant phytopathology describes a phenomenon where the "experience" of primary infection by microbial pathogens leads to enhanced and beneficial protection of the plant against secondary infection. The plant is able to establish an immune memory, a state of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), in which the information of "having been attacked" is integrated with the action of "being prepared to defend when it happens again." Accordingly, primed plants are often characterized by faster and stronger activation of immune reactions that ultimately result in a reduction of pathogen spread and growth. Prerequisites for SAR are (a) the initiation of immune signalling subsequent to pathogen recognition, (b) a rapid defence signal propagation from a primary infected local site to uninfected distal parts of the plant, and (c) a switch into an immune signal-dependent establishment and subsequent long-lasting maintenance of phytohormone salicylic acid-based systemic immunity. Here, we provide a summary on protein kinases that contribute to these three conceptual aspects of "priming" in plant phytopathology, complemented by data addressing the role of protein kinases crucial for immune signal initiation also for signal propagation and SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hake
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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