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Lu W, Yan L, Tang X, Wang X, Du J, Zou Z, Li L, Ye J, Zhou L. Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Transl Med 2024; 22:550. [PMID: 38851730 PMCID: PMC11162060 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health issue. In COVID-19 patients, the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines lead to the manifestation of COVID-19 symptoms, such as lung tissue edema, lung diffusion dysfunction, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), secondary infection, and ultimately mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, thus providing a potential treatment option for COVID-19. The number of clinical trials of MSCs for COVID-19 has been rising. However, the treatment protocols and therapeutic effects of MSCs for COVID-19 patients are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to systematically determine the safety and efficacy of MSC infusion in COVID-19 patients. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to 22 November 2023 to screen for eligible randomized controlled trials. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for searched literature were formulated according to the PICOS principle, followed by the use of literature quality assessment tools to assess the risk of bias. Finally, outcome measurements including therapeutic efficacy, clinical symptoms, and adverse events of each study were extracted for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were collected. The results of enrolled studies demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who received MSC inoculation showed a decreased mortality compared with counterparts who received conventional treatment (RR: 0.76; 95% CI [0.60, 0.96]; p = 0.02). Reciprocally, MSC inoculation improved the clinical symptoms in patients (RR: 1.28; 95% CI [1.06, 1.55]; p = 0.009). In terms of immune biomarkers, MSC treatment inhibited inflammation responses in COVID-19 patients, as was indicated by the decreased levels of CRP and IL-6. Importantly, our results showed that no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions or serious adverse events were monitored in patients after MSC inoculation. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that MSC inoculation is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Without increasing the incidence of adverse events or serious adverse events, MSC treatment decreased patient mortality and inflammatory levels and improved the clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. However, large-cohort randomized controlled trials with expanded numbers of patients are required to further confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Lu
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxiang Yan
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkun Tang
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Du
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Zou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lincai Li
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Provincal Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects: Update from 2015 review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104856. [PMID: 38340887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most investigated and applied cells for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. In this update of our review published in 2015, we show that studies continue to abound regarding the characterization of MSCs to distinguish them from other similar cell types, the discovery of new tissue sources of MSCs, and the confirmation of their properties and functions that render them suitable as a therapeutic. Because cryopreservation is widely recognized as the only technology that would enable the on-demand availability of MSCs, here we show that although the traditional method of cryopreserving cells by slow cooling in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) continues to be used by many, several novel MSC cryopreservation approaches have emerged. As in our previous review, we conclude from these recent reports that viable and functional MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of cryoprotectants, freezing protocols, storage temperatures, and periods of storage. We also show that for logistical reasons there are now more studies devoted to the cryopreservation of tissues from which MSCs are derived. A new topic included in this review covers the application in COVID-19 of MSCs arising from their immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Due to the inherent heterogeneity in MSC populations from different sources there is still no standardized procedure for their isolation, identification, functional characterization, cryopreservation, and route of administration, and not likely to be a "one-size-fits-all" approach in their applications in cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9.
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Kheder RK, Darweesh O, Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Basiri A, Taheri M. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic agent of inflammatory disease and infectious COVID-19 virus: live or dead mesenchymal? Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:295. [PMID: 38340168 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 infection is a worldwide disease that causes numerous immune-inflammatory disorders, tissue damage, and lung dysfunction. COVID-19 vaccines, including those from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm, are available globally as effective interventions for combating the disease. The severity of COVID-19 can be most effectively reduced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) because they possess anti-inflammatory activity and can reverse lung dysfunction. MSCs can be harvested from various sources, such as adipose tissue, bone marrow, peripheral blood, inner organs, and neonatal tissues. The regulation of inflammatory cytokines is crucial in inhibiting inflammatory diseases and promoting the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines for infectious diseases. MSCs have been employed as therapeutic agents for tissue damage, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19 patients. Our research aimed to determine whether live or dead MSCs are more suitable for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Our findings concluded that dead MSCs, when directly administered to the patient, offer advantages over viable MSCs due to their extended presence and higher levels of immune regulation, such as T-reg, B-reg, and IL-10, compared to live MSCs. Additionally, dead and apoptotic MSCs are likely to be more readily captured by monocytes and macrophages, prolonging their presence compared to live MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Omeed Darweesh
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Scineces, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institue of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Zendedel E, Tayebi L, Nikbakht M, Hasanzadeh E, Asadpour S. Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of COVID 19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1055-1071. [PMID: 37815188 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x260032230925052240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a treatment for a novel viral disease owing to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair and regeneration characteristics, however, the exact processes are unknown. MSC therapy was found to be effective in lowering immune system overactivation and increasing endogenous healing after SARS-CoV-2 infection by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Many studies on mesenchymal stem cells have been undertaken concurrently, and we may help speed up the effectiveness of these studies by collecting and statistically analyzing data from them. Based on clinical trial information found on clinicaltrials. gov and on 16 November 2020, which includes 63 clinical trials in the field of patient treatment with COVID-19 using MSCs, according to the trend of increasing studies in this field, and with the help of meta-analysis studies, it is possible to hope that the promise of MSCs will one day be realized. The potential therapeutic applications of MSCs for COVID-19 are investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zendedel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquett University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Mohammad Nikbakht
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Eriten B, Eriten S. Reporting of biochemical blood values in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35833. [PMID: 37933044 PMCID: PMC10627609 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of biochemical blood parameters on the progression of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This retrospective study analyzed the clinical characteristics and biochemical test parameters of 352 COVID-19 patients treated at Malatya Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between March 3, 2021, and February 28, 2022. METHODS The methodological approach of our study included specific analyses and examinations to assess the effect of biochemical blood values on disease progression in COVID-19 patients. To achieve this aim, blood samples were collected from patients and various biochemical tests were performed. The data obtained were evaluated using statistical analyses to examine the relationship between these specific biochemical blood values and the severity of COVID-19. RESULTS High glucose, urea, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels and low albumin and potassium levels were associated with a more severe disease course. The results showed a significant link between certain biochemical blood values and the severity of COVID-19. These findings suggest that these markers may serve as valuable clinical indicators for predicting the disease progression and severity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring and analyzing biochemical blood values as essential tools for assessing the severity and progression of COVID-19. The identified markers provide valuable information regarding the prognosis of the disease and may help healthcare professionals make informed decisions regarding patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Eriten
- Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Emek, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Semih Eriten
- Sultanbeyli State Hospital, Department of Emergency, Battalgazi, Sultanbeyli, İstanbul, Turkey
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Couto PS, Al-Arawe N, Filgueiras IS, Fonseca DLM, Hinterseher I, Catar RA, Chinnadurai R, Bersenev A, Cabral-Marques O, Moll G, Verter F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cell therapy for COVID-19: global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes, cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200180. [PMID: 37415976 PMCID: PMC10321603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic of severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), many novel therapeutic modalities to treat Coronavirus 2019 induced disease (COVID-19) were explored. This study summarizes 195 clinical trials of advanced cell therapies targeting COVID-19 that were registered over the two years between January 2020 to December 2021. In addition, this work also analyzed the cell manufacturing and clinical delivery experience of 26 trials that published their outcomes by July 2022. Our demographic analysis found the highest number of cell therapy trials for COVID-19 was in United States, China, and Iran (N=53, 43, and 19, respectively), with the highest number per capita in Israel, Spain, Iran, Australia, and Sweden (N=0.641, 0.232, 0,223, 0.194, and 0.192 trials per million inhabitants). The leading cell types were multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mononuclear cells (MNCs), accounting for 72%, 9%, and 6% of the studies, respectively. There were 24 published clinical trials that reported on infusions of MSCs. A pooled analysis of these MSC studies found that MSCs provide a relative risk reduction for all-cause COVID-19 mortality of RR=0.63 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.85). This result corroborates previously published smaller meta-analyses, which suggested that MSC therapy demonstrated a clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients. The sources of the MSCs used in these studies and their manufacturing and clinical delivery methods were remarkably heterogeneous, with some predominance of perinatal tissue-derived products. Our results highlight the important role that cell therapy products may play as an adjunct therapy in the management of COVID-19 and its related complications, as well as the importance of controlling key manufacturing parameters to ensure comparability between studies. Thus, we support ongoing calls for a global registry of clinical studies with MSC products that could better link cell product manufacturing and delivery methods to clinical outcomes. Although advanced cell therapies may provide an important adjunct treatment for patients affected by COVID-19 in the near future, preventing pathology through vaccination still remains the best protection to date. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of advanced cell therapy clinical trials as potential novel treatment for COVID-19 (resulting from SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection), including analysis of the global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes (RR/OR), and details on cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery. This study had a 2-year observation interval from start of January 2020 to end of December 2021, including a follow-up period until end of July to identify published outcomes, which covers the most vivid period of clinical trial activity, and is also the longest observation period studied until today. In total, we identified 195 registered advanced cell therapy studies for COVID-19, employing 204 individual cell products. Leading registered trial activity was attributed to the USA, China, and Iran. Through the end of July 2022, 26 clinical trials were published, with 24 out of 26 articles employing intravenous infusions (IV) of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) products. Most of the published trials were attributed to China and Iran. The cumulative results from the 24 published studies employing infusions of MSCs indicated an improved survival (RR=0.63 with 95% Confidence Interval 0.46 to 0.85). Our study is the most comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on cell therapy trials for COVID-19 conducted to date, clearly identifying the USA, China, and Iran as leading advanced cell therapy trial countries for COVID-19, with further strong contributions from Israel, Spain, Australia and Sweden. Although advanced cell therapies may provide an important adjunct treatment for patients affected by COVID-19 in the future, preventing pathology through vaccination remains the best protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- CellTrials.org and Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, a non-profit organization headquartered in Brookeville, Brookeville, MD, United States
| | - Nada Al-Arawe
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor S. Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennyson L. M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Irene Hinterseher
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Ruppin-Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Fakultät der Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Gemeinsame Fakultät der Universität Potsdam, der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, und der Brandenburg Technischen Universität (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rusan A. Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Alexey Bersenev
- Advanced Cell Therapy (ACT) Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frances Verter
- CellTrials.org and Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, a non-profit organization headquartered in Brookeville, Brookeville, MD, United States
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Niaee MS, Zolghadr L, Hosseinkhani Z, Namdar P, Allami A, Amini F, Varnaseri M, Pourdast A, Gheibi N. Ivermectin-Induced Clinical Improvement and Alleviation of Significant Symptoms of COVID-19 Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2022; 46:1369-1375. [PMID: 36187299 PMCID: PMC9510226 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-022-01349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Zolghadr
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Peyman Namdar
- Department of Surgery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abbas Allami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Development Unit, Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amini
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Varnaseri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Allieh Pourdast
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Tan MI, Alfarafisa NM, Septiani P, Barlian A, Firmansyah M, Faizal A, Melani L, Nugrahapraja H. Potential Cell-Based and Cell-Free Therapy for Patients with COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:2319. [PMID: 35954162 PMCID: PMC9367488 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it was first reported, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an unresolved puzzle for biomedical researchers in different fields. Various treatments, drugs, and interventions were explored as treatments for COVID. Nevertheless, there are no standard and effective therapeutic measures. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers a new approach with minimal side effects. MSCs and MSC-based products possess several biological properties that potentially alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. Generally, there are three classifications of stem cell therapy: cell-based therapy, tissue engineering, and cell-free therapy. This review discusses the MSC-based and cell-free therapies for patients with COVID-19, their potential mechanisms of action, and clinical trials related to these therapies. Cell-based therapies involve the direct use and injection of MSCs into the target tissue or organ. On the other hand, cell-free therapy uses secreted products from cells as the primary material. Cell-free therapy materials can comprise cell secretomes and extracellular vesicles. Each therapeutic approach possesses different benefits and various risks. A better understanding of MSC-based and cell-free therapies is essential for supporting the development of safe and effective COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Nayla Majeda Alfarafisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Popi Septiani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Mochamad Firmansyah
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Ahmad Faizal
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Lili Melani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
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Niraula A, Baral N, Lamsal M, Bataju M, Thapa S. Potential role of biochemical markers in the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221108613. [PMID: 35832258 PMCID: PMC9272200 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an overall threat to modern medicine. The course of the disease is uncertain with varying forms of presentation that cannot be managed solely with clinical skills and vigor. Since its inception, laboratory medicine forms a backbone for the proper diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prediction of the severity of the disease. Clinical biochemistry, an integral component of laboratory medicine, has been an unsung hero in the disease prognosis and severity assessment in COVID-19. This review attempts to highlight the biomarkers which have shown a significant role and can be used in the identification, stratification, and prediction of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. It also highlights the basis of the use of these biomarkers in the disease course and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Niraula
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Nirmal Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Madhab Lamsal
- Department of Biochemistry, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Mahima Bataju
- Department of Biochemistry, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Saroj Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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Mönch D, Reinders MEJ, Dahlke MH, Hoogduijn MJ. How to Make Sense out of 75,000 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Publications? Cells 2022; 11:cells11091419. [PMID: 35563725 PMCID: PMC9101744 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have been the subject of an expanding number of studies over the past decades. Today, over 75,000 publications are available that shine light on the biological properties and therapeutic effects of these versatile cells in numerous pre-clinical models and early-phase clinical trials. The massive number of papers makes it hard for researchers to comprehend the whole field, and furthermore, they give the impression that mesenchymal stromal cells are wonder cells that are curative for any condition. It is becoming increasingly difficult to dissect how and for what conditions mesenchymal stromal cells exhibit true and reproducible therapeutic effects. This article tries to address the question how to make sense of 75,000, and still counting, publications on mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mönch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc H. Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19: status and future perspectives for clinical applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:142. [PMID: 35187617 PMCID: PMC8858603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As a result of cross-species transmission in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a serious endangerment to human health and the causal agent of a global pandemic. Although the number of infected people has decreased due to effective management, novel methods to treat critical COVID-19 patients are still urgently required. This review describes the origins, pathogenesis, and clinical features of COVID-19 and the potential uses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in therapeutic treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. MSCs have previously been shown to have positive effects in the treatment of lung diseases, such as acute lung injury, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MSC mechanisms of action involve differentiation potentials, immune regulation, secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, migration and homing, anti-apoptotic properties, antiviral effects, and extracellular vesicles. Currently, 74 clinical trials are investigating the use of MSCs (predominately from the umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue) to treat COVID-19. Although most of these trials are still in their early stages, the preliminary data are promising. However, long-term safety evaluations are still lacking, and large-scale and controlled trials are required for more conclusive judgments regarding MSC-based therapies. The main challenges and prospective directions for the use of MSCs in clinical applications are discussed herein. In summary, while the clinical use of MSCs to treat COVID-19 is still in the preliminary stages of investigation, promising results indicate that they could potentially be utilized in future treatments.
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12
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Sahu KK, Kumar R. Role of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG) in COVID-19 disease: A potential game-changer. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3548-3552. [PMID: 34934645 PMCID: PMC8653447 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1338_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections can cause tissue damage in many ways. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a cause of the current COVID-19 pandemic, has been extensively studied so far to investigate its pathophysiology and evaluate its impact on the metabolic system of human cells. This has given a lead to study the role of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) against COVID-19 disease. We hereby would like to briefly discuss the concept and rationale behind the use of 2DG COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal K Sahu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Raman Kumar
- President, Academy of Family Physicians of India, New Delhi, India
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13
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Wang F, Fang B, Zhou L, Chen G. Severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia may cause lung bullae and bronchiectasis: A case report and concise literature review. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211029081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the critically ill novel coronavirus 2019 pneumonia (NCP) patients progress promptly, and soon match the ARDS diagnostic criteria. When mechanical ventilation and prone position cannot reverse the fatal hypoxia—extra-corporeal-membrane-oxygenation (ECMO) will be applied as a salvage treatment if available. Here, we report a novel coronavirus 2019 pneumonia (NCP) patient, a male, 67 years old, who was treated with ECMO for 30 days. In the midst, bronchoscopy was utilized to comprehend the airway lesions and clear secretions. And computed tomography (CT) scans were performed before and after the treatment of ECMO. In the recovering phase of his disease, the patient experienced multiple times pneumothorax on both sides. Some newly developed lung bullae in the subpleural area and modest bronchiectasis were found by the CT scan. The newly developed lung bullae was the probable cause of pneumothorax. Notably, in the whole process of his illness, the serum IL-6 only had a slight elevation in the early period, there is no typical cytokine storm as that was seen in non-COVID-19 ARDS. After 3-months meticulous treatment, the patient made a full recovery and now is discharged from our hospital. Though COVID-19 may not cause typical cytokine storm, the inflammation in lung may inflict severe damage to lung. Severe NCP may cause lung bullae and bronchiectasis, making the patients hard to be weaned from mechanical ventilation or ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - LiXin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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14
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Srivastava V, Ahmad A. New perspective towards therapeutic regimen against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:852-862. [PMID: 34118735 PMCID: PMC8152204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing enormous loss of human life owing to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global crisis ranging from the collapse of health - care systems to socio-economic instability. As SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus, very little information is available from researchers and therefore, a rigorous effort is required to decode its pathogenicity. There are no licenced treatment options available for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections and the development of a new antiviral drug targeting coronavirus cannot happen soon. Consequently, drug repurposing is a promising solution for combating the present pandemic. In this review, we have thoroughly discussed all the proteins encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome; their importance in pathogenicity and their potential role in drug discovery. Also, the budding threat of co-infections by other pathogenic microbes has been highlighted. Furthermore, the advances made in the medicinal field for the treatment and prevention of this viral infection is explained. Altogether, this review will provide some insightful discussions about this infectious disease and will meet certain of the knowledge gaps which exist by presenting an exhaustive and extensive scientific report on the ongoing mission for COVID-19 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Srivastava
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
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15
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Kumar D, Jahan S, Khan A, Siddiqui AJ, Redhu NS, Wahajuddin, Khan J, Banwas S, Alshehri B, Alaidarous M. Neurological Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Inflammation and Possible Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3417-3434. [PMID: 33715108 PMCID: PMC7955900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are regular reports of extrapulmonary infections and manifestations related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Coronaviruses are potentially neurotropic, which renders neuronal tissue vulnerable to infection, especially in elderly individuals or in those with neuro-comorbid conditions. Complaints of ageusia, anosmia, myalgia, and headache; reports of diseases such as stroke, encephalopathy, seizure, and encephalitis; and loss of consciousness in patients with COVID-19 confirm the neuropathophysiological aspect of this disease. The brain is linked to pulmonary organs, physiologically through blood circulation, and functionally through the nervous system. The interdependence of these vital organs may further aggravate the pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19. The induction of a cytokine storm in systemic circulation can trigger a neuroinflammatory cascade, which can subsequently compromise the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia- and astrocyte-borne Toll-like receptors, thereby leading to neuronal tissue damage. Hence, a holistic approach should be adopted by healthcare professionals while treating COVID-19 patients with a history of neurodegenerative disorders, neuropsychological complications, or any other neuro-compromised conditions. Imperatively, vaccines are being developed at top priority to contain the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and different vaccines are at different stages of development globally. This review discusses the concerns regarding the neuronal complications of COVID-19 and the possible mechanisms of amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar
- Zoology Department, KKM College, Jamui, Munger University, Munger, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeru Singh Redhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Wahajuddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banwas
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Laneri S, Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, De Biasi MG, Pero ME, Pisanelli G, Scudiero O, Pero R. Antimicrobial Peptides and Physical Activity: A Great Hope against COVID 19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1415. [PMID: 34209064 PMCID: PMC8304224 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), α- and β-defensins, possess antiviral properties. These AMPs achieve viral inhibition through different mechanisms of action. For example, they can: (i) bind directly to virions; (ii) bind to and modulate host cell-surface receptors, disrupting intracellular signaling; (iii) function as chemokines to augment and alter adaptive immune responses. Given their antiviral properties and the fact that the development of an effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment is an urgent public health priority, they and their derivatives are being explored as potential therapies against COVID-19. These explorations using various strategies, range from their direct interaction with the virus to using them as vaccine adjuvants. However, AMPs do not work in isolation, specifically in their role as potent immune modulators, where they interact with toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chemokine receptors. Both of these receptors have been shown to play roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis. In addition, it is known that a healthy lifestyle accompanied by controlled physical activity can represent a natural weapon against COVID-19. In competitive athletes, an increase in serum defensins has been shown to function as self-protection from the attack of microorganisms, consequently a controlled physical activity could act as a support to any therapies in fighting COVID-19. Therefore, including information on all these players' interactions would produce a complete picture of AMP-based therapies' response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Margherita G. De Biasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.E.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Pisanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (M.E.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., 80131 Naples, Italy
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17
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Sharma D, Zhao F. Updates on clinical trials evaluating the regenerative potential of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:37. [PMID: 34193864 PMCID: PMC8245638 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected nearly 118 million people and caused ~2.6 million deaths worldwide by early 2021, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the majority of infected patients show mild-to-moderate symptoms, a small fraction of patients develops severe symptoms. Uncontrolled cytokine production and the lack of substantive adaptive immune response result in hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or multiple organ failure in severe COVID-19 patients. Since the current standard of care treatment is insufficient to alleviate severe COVID-19 symptoms, many clinics have been prompted to perform clinical trials involving the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties. Several phases I/II clinical trials involving the infusion of allogenic MSCs have been performed last year. The focus of this review is to critically evaluate the safety and efficacy outcomes of the most recent, placebo-controlled phase I/II clinical studies that enrolled a larger number of patients, in order to provide a statistically relevant and comprehensive understanding of MSC's therapeutic potential in severe COVID-19 patients. Clinical outcomes obtained from these studies clearly indicate that: (i) allogenic MSC infusion in COVID-19 patients with ARDS is safe and effective enough to decreases a set of inflammatory cytokines that may drive COVID-19 associated cytokine storm, and (ii) MSC infusion efficiently improves COVID-19 patient survival and reduces recovery time. These findings strongly support further investigation into MSC-infusion in larger clinical trials for COVID-19 patients with ARDS, who currently have a nearly 50% of mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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18
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Serrano-Aroca Á, Takayama K, Tuñón-Molina A, Seyran M, Hassan SS, Pal Choudhury P, Uversky VN, Lundstrom K, Adadi P, Palù G, Aljabali AAA, Chauhan G, Kandimalla R, Tambuwala MM, Lal A, Abd El-Aziz TM, Sherchan S, Barh D, Redwan EM, Bazan NG, Mishra YK, Uhal BD, Brufsky A. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents to Combat COVID-19 in the Microbial-Resistant Era. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8069-8086. [PMID: 33826850 PMCID: PMC8043205 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for the highly pathogenic human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the current pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently needed. COVID-19 is associated with viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome causing significant morbidity and mortality. The proposed treatments for COVID-19 have shown little or no effect in the clinic so far. Additionally, bacterial and fungal pathogens contribute to the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pneumonia disease complex. The antibiotic resistance in pneumonia treatment is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), such as fullerene, carbon dots, graphene, and their derivatives constitute a promising alternative due to their wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and capacity to induce tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the antimicrobial mode of action is mainly physical (e.g., membrane distortion), characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. In this Review, we evaluated the literature on the antiviral activity and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties of CBNs. CBNs had antiviral activity against 13 enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. CBNs with low or no toxicity to humans are promising therapeutics against the COVID-19 pneumonia complex with other viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including those that are multidrug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de
Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad
Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia,
Spain
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application,
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397,
Japan
| | - Alberto Tuñón-Molina
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de
Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad
Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia,
Spain
| | - Murat Seyran
- Doctoral studies in natural and technical sciences (SPL
44), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, A-1090
Vienna, Austria
| | - Sk. Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana
Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal,
India
| | - Pabitra Pal Choudhury
- Applied Statistics Unit, Indian
Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal,
India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of
Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612,
United States
| | | | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of
Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine,
University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova,
Italy
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and
Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University-Faculty of
Pharmacy, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501
Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007,
India
- Department of Biochemistry,
Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal-506007, Telangana State,
India
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern
Ireland, U.K.
| | - Amos Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,
United States
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science,
Minia University, El-Minia 61519,
Egypt
- Department of Cellular and Integrative
Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San
Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United
States
| | - Samendra Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University of
Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United
States
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative
Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur,
WB-721172, India
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department,
Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203,
Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins
Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research
Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology
Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934,
Egypt
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence,
School of Medicine, LSU Heath New Orleans, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- University of Southern
Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg,
Denmark
| | - Bruce D. Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United
States
| | - Adam Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of
Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232,
United States
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19
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Khanmohammadi S, Rezaei N. Role of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2735-2739. [PMID: 33506952 PMCID: PMC8014260 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has led to a pandemic since March 2020. The exact pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the role of each component of the innate and adaptive immune system is still unknown. However, available data from other coronavirus families, such as SARS‐CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome and also new findings could be useful for a better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) play an important role in recognition of viral particles and activation of the innate immune system. Activation of TLR pathways leads to secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, as well as type 1 interferon. Different TLRs, like TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are potentially important in COVID‐19 infection. It is also worth mentioning that we should bear in mind both the beneficial and harmful effects of TLR in confronting COVID‐19 infection. TLRs could be a potential target in controlling the infection in the early stages of disease and production of vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Jamshidi N, Chaleshi V, Jamshidi N, Sadeghi A, Norouzinia M, Zali MR. Virus in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: role of Toll-like receptor 7/8/3. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2021; 14:295-303. [PMID: 34659656 PMCID: PMC8514217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is influenced by immune system malfunction, particularly innate immune receptors such as toll-like receptors. Furthermore, it is critical to investigate the extremely close association between viruses and IBD incidence. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 5, and 7 are involved in antiviral immune responses. Finding a relationship between TLR-related virus and IBD is important not only for understanding the disease pathogenesis, but also for developing effective therapies. It has been shown that influenza is expressed more severely in patients with IBD who use immune system inhibitors, and the influenza vaccine is less effective in these patients. In dendritic cells, TLR7 and TLR8 regulate the production of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory mediators. COVID-19 causes the production of IL-6, possibly due to the induction of TLR pathways. TLR activation by SARS-CoV-2 causes inflammation and IL-1 production, which induces the production of IL-6. Understanding TLR-associated viruses' molecular mechanisms can greatly help improve the quality of life of people with IBD. Therefore, the present study reviewed the role of TLR7, 8, and 3 in inflammatory bowel disease as well as their association with viral infections and evaluated different antagonists for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Jamshidi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Jamshidi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzinia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Hassanzadeh P. Nanotheranostics against COVID-19: From multivalent to immune-targeted materials. J Control Release 2020; 328:112-126. [PMID: 32882269 PMCID: PMC7457914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Destructive impacts of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide necessitates taking more appropriate measures for mitigating virus spread and development of the effective theranostic agents. In general, high heterogeneity of viruses is a major challenging issue towards the development of effective antiviral agents. Regarding the coronavirus, its high mutation rates can negatively affect virus detection process or the efficiency of drugs and vaccines in development or induce drug resistance. Bioengineered nanomaterials with suitable physicochemical characteristics for site-specific therapeutic delivery, highly-sensitive nanobiosensors for detection of very low virus concentration, and real-time protections using the nanorobots can provide roadmaps towards the imminent breakthroughs in theranostics of a variety of diseases including the COVID-19. Besides revolutionizing the classical disinfection procedures, state-of-the-art nanotechnology-based approaches enable providing the analytical tools for accelerated monitoring of coronavirus and associated biomarkers or drug delivery towards the pulmonary system or other affected organs. Multivalent nanomaterials capable of interaction with multivalent pathogens including the viruses could be suitable candidates for viral detection and prevention of further infections. Besides the inactivation or destruction of the virus, functionalized nanoparticles capable of modulating patient's immune response might be of great significance for attenuating the exaggerated inflammatory reactions or development of the effective nanovaccines and medications against the virus pandemics including the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hassanzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran.
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