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Gatterer H, Villafuerte FC, Ulrich S, Bhandari SS, Keyes LE, Burtscher M. Altitude illnesses. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38902312 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people visit high-altitude regions annually and more than 80 million live permanently above 2,500 m. Acute high-altitude exposure can trigger high-altitude illnesses (HAIs), including acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) can affect high-altitude resident populations worldwide. The prevalence of acute HAIs varies according to acclimatization status, rate of ascent and individual susceptibility. AMS, characterized by headache, nausea, dizziness and fatigue, is usually benign and self-limiting, and has been linked to hypoxia-induced cerebral blood volume increases, inflammation and related trigeminovascular system activation. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier leads to HACE, characterized by altered mental status and ataxia, and increased pulmonary capillary pressure, and related stress failure induces HAPE, characterized by dyspnoea, cough and exercise intolerance. Both conditions are progressive and life-threatening, requiring immediate medical intervention. Treatment includes supplemental oxygen and descent with appropriate pharmacological therapy. Preventive measures include slow ascent, pre-acclimatization and, in some instances, medications. CMS is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis and related clinical symptoms. In severe CMS, temporary or permanent relocation to low altitude is recommended. Future research should focus on more objective diagnostic tools to enable prompt treatment, improved identification of individual susceptibilities and effective acclimatization and prevention options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT TIROL-Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno y Adaptación a la Altura - LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanjeeb S Bhandari
- Mountain Medicine Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Emergency Department, UPMC Western Maryland Health, Cumberland, MD, USA
| | - Linda E Keyes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Lawrence ES, Gu W, Bohlender RJ, Anza-Ramirez C, Cole AM, Yu JJ, Hu H, Heinrich EC, O’Brien KA, Vasquez CA, Cowan QT, Bruck PT, Mercader K, Alotaibi M, Long T, Hall JE, Moya EA, Bauk MA, Reeves JJ, Kong MC, Salem RM, Vizcardo-Galindo G, Macarlupu JL, Figueroa-Mujíca R, Bermudez D, Corante N, Gaio E, Fox KP, Salomaa V, Havulinna AS, Murray AJ, Malhotra A, Powel FL, Jain M, Komor AC, Cavalleri GL, Huff CD, Villafuerte FC, Simonson TS. Functional EPAS1/ HIF2A missense variant is associated with hematocrit in Andean highlanders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5661. [PMID: 38335297 PMCID: PMC10857371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway genes are linked to adaptation in both human and nonhuman highland species. EPAS1, a notable target of hypoxia adaptation, is associated with relatively lower hemoglobin concentration in Tibetans. We provide evidence for an association between an adaptive EPAS1 variant (rs570553380) and the same phenotype of relatively low hematocrit in Andean highlanders. This Andean-specific missense variant is present at a modest frequency in Andeans and absent in other human populations and vertebrate species except the coelacanth. CRISPR-base-edited human cells with this variant exhibit shifts in hypoxia-regulated gene expression, while metabolomic analyses reveal both genotype and phenotype associations and validation in a lowland population. Although this genocopy of relatively lower hematocrit in Andean highlanders parallels well-replicated findings in Tibetans, it likely involves distinct pathway responses based on a protein-coding versus noncoding variants, respectively. These findings illuminate how unique variants at EPAS1 contribute to the same phenotype in Tibetans and a subset of Andean highlanders despite distinct evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J. Bohlender
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Anza-Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Amy M. Cole
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Katie A. O’Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Carlos A. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quinn T. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T. Bruck
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kysha Mercader
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sapient Bioanalytics, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco A. Bauk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell C. Kong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rany M. Salem
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Jose-Luis Macarlupu
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rómulo Figueroa-Mujíca
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Noemi Corante
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Eduardo Gaio
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Keolu P. Fox
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM-HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank L. Powel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sapient Bioanalytics, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexis C. Komor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco C. Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zhou S, Yan J, Song K, Ge RL. High-Altitude Hypoxia Induces Excessive Erythrocytosis in Mice via Upregulation of the Intestinal HIF2a/Iron-Metabolism Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2992. [PMID: 38001992 PMCID: PMC10669251 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is a preclinical form of chronic mountain sickness (CMS). The dysregulation of iron metabolism in high-altitude hypoxia may induce EE. The intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2a) regulates the genes involved in iron metabolism. Considering these findings, we aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of intestinal HIF2α and the iron metabolism pathway in high-altitude EE mice. C57BL/6J mice were randomized into four groups: the low-altitude group, the high-altitude group, the high-altitude + HIF2α inhibitor group, and the high-altitude + vehicle group. In-vitro experiments were performed using the human intestinal cell line HCT116 cultured under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Results showed that high-altitude hypoxia significantly increased the expression of intestinal HIF2α and iron metabolism-related genes, including Dmt1, Dcytb, Fpn, Tfrc, and Fth in EE mice. Genetic blockade of the intestinal HIF2α-iron metabolism pathway decreased iron availability in HCT116 cells during hypoxia. The HIF2α inhibitor PT2385 suppressed intestinal HIF2α expression, decreased iron hypermetabolism, and reduced excessive erythrocytosis in mice. These data support the hypothesis that exposure to high-altitude hypoxia can lead to iron hypermetabolism by activating intestinal HIF2α transcriptional regulation, and reduced iron availability improves EE by inhibiting intestinal HIF2α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhou
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (S.Z.); (J.Y.); (K.S.)
- Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (S.Z.); (J.Y.); (K.S.)
- Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Kang Song
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (S.Z.); (J.Y.); (K.S.)
- Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (S.Z.); (J.Y.); (K.S.)
- Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
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4
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Azad P, Zhou D, Tu HC, Villafuerte FC, Traver D, Rana TM, Haddad GG. Long noncoding RNA HIKER regulates erythropoiesis in Monge's disease via CSNK2B. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165831. [PMID: 37022795 PMCID: PMC10231995 DOI: 10.1172/jci165831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is a major hallmark of patients suffering from chronic mountain sickness (CMS, also known as Monge's disease) and is responsible for major morbidity and even mortality in early adulthood. We took advantage of unique populations, one living at high altitude (Peru) showing EE, with another population, at the same altitude and region, showing no evidence of EE (non-CMS). Through RNA-Seq, we identified and validated the function of a group of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate erythropoiesis in Monge's disease, but not in the non-CMS population. Among these lncRNAs is hypoxia induced kinase-mediated erythropoietic regulator (HIKER)/LINC02228, which we showed plays a critical role in erythropoiesis in CMS cells. Under hypoxia, HIKER modulated CSNK2B (the regulatory subunit of casein kinase 2). A downregulation of HIKER downregulated CSNK2B, remarkably reducing erythropoiesis; furthermore, an upregulation of CSNK2B on the background of HIKER downregulation rescued erythropoiesis defects. Pharmacologic inhibition of CSNK2B drastically reduced erythroid colonies, and knockdown of CSNK2B in zebrafish led to a defect in hemoglobinization. We conclude that HIKER regulates erythropoiesis in Monge's disease and acts through at least one specific target, CSNK2B, a casein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Hung-Chi Tu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francisco C. Villafuerte
- Oxygen Transport Physiology Laboratory/Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tariq M. Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, and
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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5
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Huang Q, Man Y, Li W, Zhou Q, Yuan S, Yap YT, Nayak N, Zhang L, Song S, Dunbar J, Leff T, Yang X, Zhang Z. Inactivation of Cops5 in Smooth Muscle Cells Causes Abnormal Reproductive Hormone Homeostasis and Development in Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad062. [PMID: 37067025 PMCID: PMC10164660 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5 (COPS5), also known as Jab1 or CSN5, has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular and developmental processes. By analyzing male germ cell-specific COPS5-deficient mice, we have demonstrated previously that COPS5 is essential to maintain male germ survival and acrosome biogenesis. To further determine the role of Cops5 in peritubular myoid cells, a smooth muscle lineage surrounding seminiferous tubules, we herein derived mice conditionally deficient for the Cops5 gene in smooth muscle cells using transgenic Myh11-Cre mice. Although these conditional Cops5-deficient mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and appeared to be normal within the first week after birth, the homozygous mice started to show growth retardation after 1 week. These mice also exhibited a variety of developmental and reproductive disorders, including failure of development of reproductive organs in both males and females, spermatogenesis defects, and impaired skeletal development and immune functions. Furthermore, conditional Cops5-deficient mice revealed dramatic impairment of the endocrine system associated with testicular functions, including a marked reduction in serum levels of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone), testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and glucose, but not vasopressin. All homozygous mice died before age 67 days in the study. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that Cops5 in smooth muscle lineage plays an essential role in postnatal development and reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Yonghong Man
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Yi Tian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Neha Nayak
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Shizheng Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Joseph Dunbar
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Todd Leff
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Arthroplasty Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48210, USA
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6
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Yang M, Wu Y, Yang XB, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zhuo Y, Luo Y, Zhang N. Establishing a prediction model of severe acute mountain sickness using machine learning of support vector machine recursive feature elimination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4633. [PMID: 36944699 PMCID: PMC10030784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute mountain sickness (sAMS) can be life-threatening, but little is known about its genetic basis. The study was aimed to explore the genetic susceptibility of sAMS for the purpose of prediction, using microarray data from 112 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of 21 subjects, who were exposed to very high altitude (5260 m), low barometric pressure (406 mmHg), and hypobaric hypoxia (VLH) at various timepoints. We found that exposure to VLH activated gene expression in leukocytes, resulting in an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio that interacted with other phenotypic risk factors at the genetic level. A total of 2286 underlying risk genes were input into the support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) system for machine learning, and a model with satisfactory predictive accuracy and clinical applicability was established for sAMS screening using ten featured genes with significant predictive power. Five featured genes (EPHB3, DIP2B, RHEBL1, GALNT13, and SLC8A2) were identified upstream of hypoxia- and/or inflammation-related pathways mediated by microRNAs as potential biomarkers for sAMS. The established prediction model of sAMS holds promise for clinical application as a genetic screening tool for sAMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xing-Biao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology Center of Integrated Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, 610083, China
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7
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Tang J, Huang M, He S, Zeng J, Zhu H. Uncovering the extensive trade-off between adaptive evolution and disease susceptibility. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111351. [PMID: 36103812 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Favored mutations in the human genome may make the carriers adapt to changing environments and lifestyles but also susceptible to specific diseases. The scale and details of the trade-off between adaptive evolution and disease susceptibility are unclear because most favored mutations in different populations remain unidentified. As no statistical test can discriminate favored mutations from nearby hitchhiking neutral ones, we report a deep-learning network (DeepFavored) to integrate multiple statistical tests and divide identifying favored mutations into two subtasks. We identify favored mutations in three human populations and analyzed the correlation between favored/hitchhiking mutations and genome-wide association study (GWAS) sites. Both favored and hitchhiking neutral mutations are enriched in GWAS sites with population-specific features, and the enrichment and population specificity are prominent in genes in specific Gene Ontology (GO) terms. These provide evidence for extensive and population-specific trade-offs between adaptive evolution and disease susceptibility. The unveiled scale helps understand and investigate differences and diseases of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tang
- Bioinformatics Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Maosheng Huang
- Bioinformatics Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Medical Information and Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sha He
- Bioinformatics Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junxiang Zeng
- Bioinformatics Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Bioinformatics Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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8
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Sharma V, Varshney R, Sethy NK. Human adaptation to high altitude: a review of convergence between genomic and proteomic signatures. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:21. [PMID: 35841113 PMCID: PMC9287971 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genomics- and proteomics-based investigations have identified several essential genes, proteins, and pathways that may facilitate human adaptive genotype/phenotype in a population-specific manner. This comprehensive review provides an up-to-date list of genes and proteins identified for human adaptive responses to high altitudes. Genomics studies for indigenous high-altitude populations like Tibetans, Andeans, Ethiopians, and Sherpas have identified 169 genes under positive natural selection. Similarly, global proteomics studies have identified 258 proteins (± 1.2-fold or more) for Tibetan, Sherpa, and Ladakhi highlanders. The primary biological processes identified for genetic signatures include hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated oxygen sensing, angiogenesis, and erythropoiesis. In contrast, major biological processes identified for proteomics signatures include 14–3-3 mediated sirtuin signaling, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and integrin signaling. Comparing genetic and protein signatures, we identified 7 common genes/proteins (HBB/hemoglobin subunit beta, TF/serotransferrin, ANGPTL4/angiopoietin-related protein 4, CDC42/cell division control protein 42 homolog, GC/vitamin D-binding protein, IGFBP1/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, and IGFBP2/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2) involved in crucial molecular functions like IGF-1 signaling, LXR/RXR activation, ferroptosis signaling, iron homeostasis signaling and regulation of cell cycle. Our combined multi-omics analysis identifies common molecular targets and pathways for human adaptation to high altitude. These observations further corroborate convergent positive selection of hypoxia-responsive molecular pathways in humans and advocate using multi-omics techniques for deciphering human adaptive responses to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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9
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Villafuerte FC, Simonson TS, Bermudez D, León-Velarde F. High-Altitude Erythrocytosis: Mechanisms of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35001654 PMCID: PMC9191173 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytosis, or increased production of red blood cells, is one of the most well-documented physiological traits that varies within and among in high-altitude populations. Although a modest increase in blood O2-carrying capacity may be beneficial for life in highland environments, erythrocytosis can also become excessive and lead to maladaptive syndromes such as chronic mountain sickness (CMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C. Villafuerte
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- 2Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Fabiola León-Velarde
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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10
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Azad P, Caldwell AB, Ramachandran S, Spann NJ, Akbari A, Villafuerte FC, Bermudez D, Zhao H, Poulsen O, Zhou D, Bafna V, Subramaniam S, Haddad GG. ARID1B, a molecular suppressor of erythropoiesis, is essential for the prevention of Monge's disease. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:777-787. [PMID: 35672450 PMCID: PMC9256584 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At high altitude Andean region, hypoxia-induced excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is the defining feature of Monge's disease or chronic mountain sickness (CMS). At the same altitude, resides a population that has developed adaptive mechanism(s) to constrain this hypoxic response (non-CMS). In this study, we utilized an in vitro induced pluripotent stem cell model system to study both populations using genomic and molecular approaches. Our whole genome analysis of the two groups identified differential SNPs between the CMS and non-CMS subjects in the ARID1B region. Under hypoxia, the expression levels of ARID1B significantly increased in the non-CMS cells but decreased in the CMS cells. At the molecular level, ARID1B knockdown (KD) in non-CMS cells increased the levels of the transcriptional regulator GATA1 by 3-fold and RBC levels by 100-fold under hypoxia. ARID1B KD in non-CMS cells led to increased proliferation and EPO sensitivity by lowering p53 levels and decreasing apoptosis through GATA1 mediation. Interestingly, under hypoxia ARID1B showed an epigenetic role, altering the chromatin states of erythroid genes. Indeed, combined Real-time PCR and ATAC-Seq results showed that ARID1B modulates the expression of GATA1 and p53 and chromatin accessibility at GATA1/p53 target genes. We conclude that ARID1B is a novel erythroid regulator under hypoxia that controls various aspects of erythropoiesis in high-altitude dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Caldwell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxigeno/Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Peru
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxigeno/Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Peru
| | - Helen Zhao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Orit Poulsen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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11
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A Critical Analysis of the Automated Hematology Assessment in Pregnant Women at Low and at High Altitude: Association between Red Blood Cells, Platelet Parameters, and Iron Status. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050727. [PMID: 35629394 PMCID: PMC9143551 DOI: 10.3390/life12050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to determine differences in the parameters of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets at low altitude (LA) and at high altitude (HA) and with the gestation being advanced, and to determine correlations between parameters of RBC and platelets. We also studied the association of RBC and platelets with markers of iron status. In addition, markers of iron status and inflammation were measured and compared at each trimester of gestation in pregnant women at LA and HA. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Lima (150 m above sea level) and Cusco at 3400 m above sea level from May to December 2019. Hematological parameters in pregnant women (233 at LA and 211 at HA) were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. Serum ferritin levels, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, erythropoietin, testosterone, estradiol, and interleukin-6 (IL6) levels were measured by ELISA. One-way ANOVA supplemented with post hoc test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation test statistical analyses were performed. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Pregnant woman at HA compared to LA had significantly lower WBC (p < 0.01), associated with higher parameters of the RBC, except for the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) that was no different (p > 0.05). Platelets and mean platelet volume (MPV) were higher (p < 0.01), and platelet distribution width (PDW) was lower at HA than at LA (p < 0.01). A higher value of serum ferritin (p < 0.01), testosterone (p < 0.05), and hepcidin (p < 0.01) was observed at HA, while the concentration of sTfR was lower at HA than at LA (p < 0.01). At LA, neutrophils increased in the third trimester (p < 0.05). RBC parameters decreased with the progress of the gestation, except RDW-CV, which increased. The platelet count decreased and the MPV and PDW were significantly higher in the third trimester. Serum ferritin, hepcidin, and serum testosterone decreased, while sTfR and serum estradiol increased during gestation. At HA, the WBC and red blood cell distribution width- coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), PCT, and serum IL-6 did not change with gestational trimesters. RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet count were lower as gestation advanced. MCV, MPV, and PDW increased in the third trimester. Serum ferritin, testosterone, and hepcidin were lower in the third trimester. Serum estradiol, erythropoietin, and sTfR increased as gestation progressed. Direct or inverse correlations were observed between RBC and platelet parameters and LA and HA. A better number of significant correlations were observed at HA. Hb, Hct, and RDW-CV showed a significant correlation with serum ferritin at LA and HA. Of these parameters, RDW-CV and PDW showed an inversely significant association with ferritin (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a different pattern was observed in hematological markers as well as in iron status markers between pregnant women at LA and HA. In pregnant women a significant correlation between several RBC parameters with platelet marker parameters was also observed. Data suggest that pregnant women at HA have adequate iron status during pregnancy as reflected by higher serum ferritin levels, lower sTfR levels, and higher hepcidin values than pregnant women at LA.
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12
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Jibaja M, Roldan-Vasquez E, Rello J, Shen H, Maldonado N, Grunauer M, Díaz AM, García F, Ramírez V, Sánchez H, Barberán JL, Paredes JP, Cevallos M, Montenegro F, Puertas S, Briones K, Martínez M, Vélez-Páez J, Montalvo-Villagómez M, Herrera L, Garrido S, Sisa I. Effect of High Altitude on the Survival of COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Cohort Study. J Intensive Care Med 2022; 37:1265-1273. [PMID: 35532089 PMCID: PMC9095997 DOI: 10.1177/08850666221099827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The effect of high altitude ( ≥ 1500 m) and its potential association with mortality by COVID-19 remains controversial. We assessed the effect of high altitude on the survival/discharge of COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for mechanical ventilation compared to individuals treated at sea level. Methods: A retrospective cohort multi-center study of consecutive adults patients with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 who were mechanically ventilated between March and November 2020. Data were collected from two sea-level hospitals and four high-altitude hospitals in Ecuador. The primary outcome was ICU and hospital survival/discharge. Survival analysis was conducted using semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Of the study population (n = 670), 35.2% were female with a mean age of 58.3 ± 12.6 years. On admission, high-altitude patients were more likely to be younger (57.2 vs. 60.5 years old), presented with less comorbidities such as hypertension (25.9% vs. 54.9% with p-value <.001) and diabetes mellitus (20.5% vs. 37.2% with p-value <.001), less probability of having a capillary refill time > 3 sec (13.7% vs. 30.1%, p-value <.001), and less severity-of-illness condition (APACHE II score, 17.5 ± 8.1 vs. 20 ± 8.2, p < .01). After adjusting for key confounders high altitude is associated with significant higher probabilities of ICU survival/discharge (HR: 1.74 [95% CI: 1.46-2.08]) and hospital survival/discharge (HR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.18-1.55]) than patients treated at sea level. Conclusions: Patients treated at high altitude at any time point during the study period were 74% more likely to experience ICU survival/discharge and 35% more likely to experience hospital survival/discharge than to the sea-level group. Possible reasons for these findings are genetic and physiological adaptations due to exposure to chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jibaja
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador UIDE, Quito, Ecuador
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Estefania Roldan-Vasquez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jordi Rello
- Vall d’Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
- CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nelson Maldonado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michelle Grunauer
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana María Díaz
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernanda García
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vanessa Ramírez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Hernán Sánchez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Luis Barberán
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Juan Pablo Paredes
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Mónica Cevallos
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Montenegro
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Soraya Puertas
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Killen Briones
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital del IESS, Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | - Marlon Martínez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital del IESS, Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Vélez-Páez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital General Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Luis Herrera
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital del IESS, Ibarra, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Garrido
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital del IESS, Ibarra, Ecuador
| | - Ivan Sisa
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
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13
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Gu B, Wang S, Liu F, Song Y, Li J, Ni Y, Chen M, Hu J, Ouzhu L, Li Z, Liu L, Li X, Liu X. Same total normal forms sperm counts of males from Lhasa and Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18820-18831. [PMID: 34704224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility may be caused by genetic and/or environmental factors that impair spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. High-altitude (HA) hypoxic environments represent one of the most serious challenges faced by humans that reside in these areas. To assess the influence of the plateau environment on semen parameters, 2,798 males, including 1,111 native Tibetans and 1,687 Han Chinese individuals living in the plains (HCILP) who underwent pre-pregnancy checkups, were enrolled in this study. The semen samples of males were evaluated to determine conventional sperm parameters, sperm morphology, and sperm movement. Reproductive endocrine hormones (REHs) were detected in 474 males, including 221 Tibetans and 253 HCILP. Due to recurrent abortions in partners, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of 133 native Tibetans and 393 HCILP individuals was further compared. Luteinizing hormone (LH) (4.94 ± 2.12 vs. 3.29 ± 1.43 U/L), prolactin (11.34 ± 3.87 vs. 8.97 ± 3.48 nmol/L), E2/T (0.22 ± 0.11 vs 0.11 ± 0.05), median total sperm motility (61.20% vs. 51.56%), and DFI (23.11% vs. 7.22%) were higher in males from plateau areas while median progressive motility (PR) (35.60% vs. 41.12%), total number of PR sperms (51.61 vs. 59.63 mil/ejaculate), percentage of normal form sperms (3.70% vs. 6.00%), curvilinear velocity (36.10 vs. 48.97 μm/s), straight-line (rectilinear) velocity (14.70 vs. 31.52 μm/s), estradiol (103.82 ± 45.92 vs. 146.01 ± 39.73 pmol/L), progesterone (0.29 ± 0.27 vs. 2.22 ± 0.84 nmol/L), testosterone (4.90 ± 1.96 vs. 14.36 ± 5.24 nmol/L), and testosterone secretion index (ratio of testosterone to LH) (33.45 ± 22.86 vs 145.78 ± 73.41) were lower than those in males from the plains. There was no difference in median total sperm number (157.76 vs. 151.65 mil/mL), sperm concentration (52.40 vs. 51.79 mil/mL), volume (3.10 vs. 3.10 mL), total normal form sperms (5.91 vs. 6.58 mil/ejaculate, p50), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (4.13 ± 2.55 U/L vs 3.82 ± 2.35 U/L) between the two groups of males. The REH and sperm parameters of males from HA hypoxic environments were adaptively altered. Although the total number of PR sperm decreased and DFI increased, the Tibetan population that lives at HAs has been found to grown continuously and rapidly. These results supplement prior findings regarding the impact of HA on male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhong Gu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shangren Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Andrology, Center of Urologic Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fokind Maternity and Children's Hospital, Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jun Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fokind Maternity and Children's Hospital, Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Yongtao Ni
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fokind Maternity and Children's Hospital, Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fokind Maternity and Children's Hospital, Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Department of Andrology, Center of Urologic Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Luobu Ouzhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fokind Maternity and Children's Hospital, Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Center of Urologic Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Ortiz-Prado E, Portilla D, Mosquera-Moscoso J, Simbaña-Rivera K, Duta D, Ochoa I, Burgos G, Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Vásconez E, Calvopiña M, Viscor G. Hematological Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Cardiovascular Risk Analysis Among Genotype-Controlled Indigenous Kiwcha Men and Women Living at Low and High Altitudes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749006. [PMID: 34759840 PMCID: PMC8573321 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human adaptation to high altitude is due to characteristic adjustments at every physiological level. Differences in lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors in altitude dwellers have been previously explored. Nevertheless, there are no reports available on genotype-controlled matches among different altitude-adapted indigenous populations. Objective: To explore the possible differences in plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular risk among autochthonous Kiwcha people inhabitants of low and high-altitude locations. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of plasmatic lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk factors in lowland Kiwchas from Limoncocha (230 m) and high-altitude Kiwchas from Oyacachi (3,800 m). Results: In the low altitude group, 66% were women (n = 78) and 34% (n = 40) were men, whereas in the high altitude group, 59% (n = 56) were women and 41% (n = 41%) were men. We found the proportion of overweight and obese individuals to be higher among low altitude dwellers (p < 0.05). Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration, and SpO2% were higher among high altitude dwellers and the erythrocyte size was found to be smaller at high altitude. The group located at low altitude also showed lower levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but most of these differences are not influenced by gender or elevation. Conclusions: Living at an altitude elicits well-known adaptive physiological changes such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and serum glucose level. We also report clinical differences in the plasma lipid profile, with higher levels of cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in inhabitants of the Andes Mountain vs. their Amazonian basin peers. Despite this, we did not find significant differences in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Portilla
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Diego Duta
- General Ward, Limoncocha Community Health Unit, Limoncocha, Ecuador
| | - Israel Ochoa
- General Ward, Oyacachi Community Health Unit, Oyacachi, Ecuador
| | - German Burgos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Eduardo Vásconez
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Stobdan T, Jain PP, Xiong M, Bafna V, Yuan JXJ, Haddad GG. Heterozygous Tropomodulin 3 mice have improved lung vascularization after chronic hypoxia. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1130-1140. [PMID: 34718575 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms leading to high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) remains poorly understood. We previously analyzed the whole genome sequence of Kyrgyz highland population and identified eight genomic intervals having a potential role in HAPH. Tropomodulin 3 gene (TMOD3) which encodes a protein that binds and caps the pointed ends of actin filaments and inhibits cell migration, was one of the top candidates. Here we systematically sought additional evidence to validate the functional role of TMOD3. In-silico analysis reveals that some of the SNPs in HAPH associated genomic intervals were positioned in a regulatory region that could result in alternative splicing of TMOD3. In order to functionally validate the role of TMOD3 in HAPH, we exposed Tmod3-/+ mice to 4 weeks of constant hypoxia, i.e. 10% O2 and analyzed both functional (hemodynamic measurements) and structural (angiography) parameters related to HAPH. The hemodynamic measurements, such as right ventricular systolic pressure, a surrogate measure for pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, and right ventricular contractility (RV- ± dP/dt), increases with hypoxia did not separate between Tmod3-/+ and control mice. Remarkably, there was a significant increase in the number of lung vascular branches and total length of pulmonary vascular branches (p < 0.001) in Tmod3-/+ after 4 weeks of constant hypoxia as compared to controls. Notably, the Tmod3-/+ endothelial cells migration was also significantly higher than that from the wild-type littermates. Our results indicate that, under chronic hypoxia, lower levels of Tmod3 play an important role in the maintenance or neo-vascularization of pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsering Stobdan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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16
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Richalet JP. [Adaption to chronic hypoxaemia by populations living at high altitude]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:395-403. [PMID: 33541755 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Permanent life at high altitude induces important physiological stresses linked to the exposure to chronic hypoxia. Various strategies have been adopted by diverse populations living in the Andes, Tibet or East Africa. The main mechanism is an increase in red blood cell production, more marked in Andeans than in Tibetans or Ethiopians. Other changes are observed in the cardiovascular or respiratory systems, as well as in the utero-placental circulation. Sometimes, a de-adaptation process to hypoxia develops, when erythrocytosis becomes excessive and leads to haematological, vascular and cerebral complications (Monge's disease or chronic mountain sickness). Pulmonary hypertension may also appear. Therapeutic options are available but not sufficiently used. Genetic studies have recently been undertaken to try to better understand the evolution of the human genome in populations living in various high altitude regions of the world, as well as the genetic risk factors for chronic diseases. A new model has appeared, intermittent chronic hypoxia, due to the development of economic activities (mainly mining) in desert regions of the Altiplano.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Richalet
- Laboratoire « Hypoxie & Poumon », UMR Inserm U1272, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord 13, 74, rue Marcel-Cachin, 93017 Bobigny cedex, France.
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17
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Zhao H, Lin J, Sieck G, Haddad GG. Neuroprotective Role of Akt in Hypoxia Adaptation in Andeans. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:607711. [PMID: 33519361 PMCID: PMC7843528 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.607711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease that potentially threatens a large segment of high-altitude populations during extended living at altitudes above 2,500 m. Patients with CMS suffer from severe hypoxemia, excessive erythrocytosis and neurologic deficits. The cellular mechanisms underlying CMS neuropathology remain unknown. We previously showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have altered mitochondrial dynamics and increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced cell death. Genome analysis from the same population identified many ER stress-related genes that play an important role in hypoxia adaptation or lack thereof. In the current study, we showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have increased expression of ER stress markers Grp78 and XBP1s under normoxia and hyperphosphorylation of PERK under hypoxia, alleviating ER stress does not rescue the hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death. Akt is a cytosolic regulator of ER stress with PERK as a direct target of Akt. CMS neurons exhibited lack of Akt activation and lack of increased Parkin expression as compared to non-CMS neurons under hypoxia. By enhancing Akt activation and Parkin overexpression, hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death was reduced. Taken together, we propose that increased Akt activation protects non-CMS from hypoxia-induced cell death. In contrast, impaired adaptive mechanisms including failure to activate Akt and increase Parkin expression render CMS neurons more susceptible to hypoxia-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gary Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
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18
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Azad P, Villafuerte FC, Bermudez D, Patel G, Haddad GG. Protective role of estrogen against excessive erythrocytosis in Monge's disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:125-135. [PMID: 33473144 PMCID: PMC8080600 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monge's disease (chronic mountain sickness (CMS)) is a maladaptive condition caused by chronic (years) exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. One of the defining features of CMS is excessive erythrocytosis with extremely high hematocrit levels. In the Andean population, CMS prevalence is vastly different between males and females, being rare in females. Furthermore, there is a sharp increase in CMS incidence in females after menopause. In this study, we assessed the role of sex hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen) in CMS and non-CMS cells using a well-characterized in vitro erythroid platform. While we found that there was a mild (nonsignificant) increase in RBC production with testosterone, we observed that estrogen, in physiologic concentrations, reduced sharply CD235a+ cells (glycophorin A; a marker of RBC), from 56% in the untreated CMS cells to 10% in the treated CMS cells, in a stage-specific and dose-responsive manner. At the molecular level, we determined that estrogen has a direct effect on GATA1, remarkably decreasing the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of GATA1 (p < 0.01) and its target genes (Alas2, BclxL, and Epor, p < 0.001). These changes result in a significant increase in apoptosis of erythroid cells. We also demonstrate that estrogen regulates erythropoiesis in CMS patients through estrogen beta signaling and that its inhibition can diminish the effects of estrogen by significantly increasing HIF1, VEGF, and GATA1 mRNA levels. Taken altogether, our results indicate that estrogen has a major impact on the regulation of erythropoiesis, particularly under chronic hypoxic conditions, and has the potential to treat blood diseases, such as high altitude severe erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Transporte de Oxigeno/Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martin de Porres, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Transporte de Oxigeno/Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martin de Porres, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Gargi Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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19
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Ucrós S, Granados CM, Castro-Rodríguez JA, Hill CM. Oxygen Saturation in Childhood at High Altitude: A Systematic Review. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:114-125. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ucrós
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia M. Granados
- Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José A. Castro-Rodríguez
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine M. Hill
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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20
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Huang Q, Liu H, Zeng J, Li W, Zhang S, Zhang L, Song S, Zhou T, Sutovsky M, Sutovsky P, Pardi R, Hess RA, Zhang Z. COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5, an IFT20 binding partner, is essential to maintain male germ cell survival and acrosome biogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:233-247. [PMID: 31373619 PMCID: PMC7443350 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport protein 20 (IFT20) is essential for spermatogenesis in mice. We discovered that COPS5 was a major binding partner of IFT20. COPS5 is the fifth component of the constitutive photomorphogenic-9 signalosome (COP9), which is involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation. COPS5 is highly abundant in mouse testis. Mice deficiency in COPS5 specifically in male germ cells showed dramatically reduced sperm numbers and were infertile. Testis weight was about one third compared to control adult mice, and germ cells underwent significant apoptosis at a premeiotic stage. Testicular poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, a protein that helps cells to maintain viability, was dramatically decreased, and Caspase-3, a critical executioner of apoptosis, was increased in the mutant mice. Expression level of FANK1, a known COPS5 binding partner, and a key germ cell apoptosis regulator was also reduced. An acrosome marker, lectin PNA, was nearly absent in the few surviving spermatids, and expression level of sperm acrosome associated 1, another acrosomal component was significantly reduced. IFT20 expression level was significantly reduced in the Cops5 knockout mice, and it was no longer present in the acrosome, but remained in the Golgi apparatus of spermatocytes. In the conditional Ift20 mutant mice, COPS5 localization and testicular expression levels were not changed. COP9 has been shown to be involved in multiple signal pathways, particularly functioning as a co-factor for protein ubiquitination. COPS5 is believed to maintain normal spermatogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including maintaining male germ cell survival and acrosome biogenesis, possibly by modulating protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shizhen Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ruggero Pardi
- School of Medicine and Scientific Institute, San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rex A Hess
- Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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21
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Bermudez D, Azad P, Figueroa-Mujíca R, Vizcardo-Galindo G, Corante N, Guerra-Giraldez C, Haddad GG, Villafuerte FC. Increased hypoxic proliferative response and gene expression in erythroid progenitor cells of Andean highlanders with chronic mountain sickness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R49-R56. [PMID: 31617751 PMCID: PMC6985794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is the main sign of chronic mountain sickness (CMS), a maladaptive clinical syndrome prevalent in Andean and other high-altitude populations worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanism of EE is still controversial, as physiological variability of systemic respiratory, cardiovascular, and hormonal responses to chronic hypoxemia complicates the identification of underlying causes. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from CMS highlanders showed increased expression of genes relevant to the regulation of erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, cardiovascular, and steroid-hormone function that appear to explain the exaggerated erythropoietic response. However, the cellular response to hypoxia in native CMS cells is yet unknown. This study had three related aims: to determine the hypoxic proliferation of native erythroid progenitor burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) cells derived from CMS and non-CMS peripheral blood mononuclear cells; to examine their sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1), GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1), erythropoietin (EPO), and EPO receptor (EPOR) expression; and to investigate the functional upstream role of SENP1 in native progenitor differentiation into erythroid precursors. Native CMS BFU-E colonies showed increased proliferation under hypoxic conditions compared with non-CMS cells, together with an upregulated expression of SENP1, GATA1, EPOR; and no difference in EPO expression. Knock-down of the SENP1 gene abolished the augmented proliferative response. Thus, we demonstrate that native CMS progenitor cells produce a larger proportion of erythroid precursors under hypoxia and that SENP1 is essential for proliferation. Our findings suggest a significant intrinsic component for developing EE in CMS highlanders at the cellular and gene expression level that could be further enhanced by systemic factors such as alterations in respiratory control, or differential hormonal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Priti Azad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rómulo Figueroa-Mujíca
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Noemí Corante
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cristina Guerra-Giraldez
- Laboratorio de Inflamación Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura (IIA), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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22
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Gazal S, Espinoza JR, Austerlitz F, Marchant D, Macarlupu JL, Rodriguez J, Ju-Preciado H, Rivera-Chira M, Hermine O, Leon-Velarde F, Villafuerte FC, Richalet JP, Gouya L. The Genetic Architecture of Chronic Mountain Sickness in Peru. Front Genet 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31417607 PMCID: PMC6682665 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a pathological condition resulting from chronic exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. While its prevalence is high in native Andeans (>10%), little is known about the genetic architecture of this disease. Here, we performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CMS (166 CMS patients and 146 controls living at 4,380 m in Peru) to detect genetic variants associated with CMS. We highlighted four new candidate loci, including the first CMS-associated variant reaching GWAS statistical significance (rs7304081; P = 4.58 × 10−9). By looking at differentially expressed genes between CMS patients and controls around these four loci, we suggested AEBP2, CAST, and MCTP2 as candidate CMS causal genes. None of the candidate loci were under strong natural selection, consistent with the observation that CMS affects fitness mainly after the reproductive years. Overall, our results reveal new insights on the genetic architecture of CMS and do not provide evidence that CMS-associated variants are linked to a strong ongoing adaptation to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gazal
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,INSERM, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Plateforme de génomique constitutionnelle du GHU Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jose R Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Frédéric Austerlitz
- UMR CNRS 7206 Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Marchant
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1272 Hypoxie et Poumon, Bobigny, France
| | - Jose Luis Macarlupu
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de Adaptación a la Altura-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Jorge Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Hugo Ju-Preciado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de Adaptación a la Altura-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria Rivera-Chira
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de Adaptación a la Altura-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Equipes de Recherche Labellisées 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence, Globule Rouge-Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Leon-Velarde
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de Adaptación a la Altura-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de Adaptación a la Altura-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Jean-Paul Richalet
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1272 Hypoxie et Poumon, Bobigny, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence, Globule Rouge-Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Laboratoire d'Excellence, Globule Rouge-Excellence, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U1149, Hème, fer et pathologies inflammatoires, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France
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23
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Witt KE, Huerta-Sánchez E. Convergent evolution in human and domesticate adaptation to high-altitude environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180235. [PMID: 31154977 PMCID: PMC6560271 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and their domestic animals have lived and thrived in high-altitude environments worldwide for thousands of years. These populations have developed a number of adaptations to survive in a hypoxic environment, and several genomic studies have been conducted to identify the genes that drive these adaptations. Here, we discuss the various adaptations and genetic variants that have been identified as adaptive in human and domestic animal populations and the ways in which convergent evolution has occurred as these populations have adapted to high-altitude environments. We found that human and domesticate populations have adapted to hypoxic environments in similar ways. Specific genes and biological pathways have been involved in high-altitude adaptation for multiple populations, although the specific variants differ between populations. Additionally, we found that the gene EPAS1 is often a target of selection in hypoxic environments and has been involved in multiple adaptive introgression events. High-altitude environments exert strong selective pressures, and human and animal populations have evolved in convergent ways to cope with a chronic lack of oxygen. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Witt
- 1 Cell and Molecular Biology, University of California-Merced , 5200 Lake Road., Merced, CA 95340 , USA
| | - Emilia Huerta-Sánchez
- 1 Cell and Molecular Biology, University of California-Merced , 5200 Lake Road., Merced, CA 95340 , USA.,2 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University , Box G-W, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, RI 02912 , USA.,3 Center for Computational Biology, Brown University , Box G-W, 115 Waterman Street., Providence, RI 02912 , USA
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24
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Iranmehr A, Stobdan T, Zhou D, Poulsen O, Strohl KP, Aldashev A, Telenti A, Wong EHM, Kirkness EF, Venter JC, Bafna V, Haddad GG. Novel insight into the genetic basis of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in Kyrgyz highlanders. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:150-159. [PMID: 30254217 PMCID: PMC6303266 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Central Asian Kyrgyz highland population provides a unique opportunity to address genetic diversity and understand the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Although a significant fraction of the population is unaffected, there are susceptible individuals who display HAPH in the absence of any lung, cardiac or hematologic disease. We report herein the analysis of the whole-genome sequencing of healthy individuals compared with HAPH patients and other controls (total n = 33). Genome scans reveal selection signals in various regions, encompassing multiple genes from the first whole-genome sequences focusing on HAPH. We show here evidence of three candidate genes MTMR4, TMOD3 and VCAM1 that are functionally associated with well-known molecular and pathophysiological processes and which likely lead to HAPH in this population. These processes are (a) dysfunctional BMP signaling, (b) disrupted tissue repair processes and (c) abnormal endothelial cell function. Whole-genome sequence of well-characterized patients and controls and using multiple statistical tools uncovered novel candidate genes that belong to pathways central to the pathogenesis of HAPH. These studies on high-altitude human populations are pertinent to the understanding of sea level diseases involving hypoxia as a main element of their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Iranmehr
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Orit Poulsen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Almaz Aldashev
- National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Amalio Telenti
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - J Craig Venter
- Human Longevity Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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25
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Ding D, Liu G, Hou L, Gui W, Chen B, Kang L. Genetic variation in PTPN1 contributes to metabolic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Tibetan migratory locusts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4991. [PMID: 30478313 PMCID: PMC6255802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and human highlanders have evolved distinct traits to enhance tissue oxygen delivery and utilization. Unlike vertebrates, insects use their tracheal system for efficient oxygen delivery. However, the genetic basis of insect adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia remains unexplored. Here, we report a potential mechanism of metabolic adaptation of migratory locusts in the Tibetan Plateau, through whole-genome resequencing and functional investigation. A genome-wide scan revealed that the positively selected genes in Tibetan locusts are predominantly involved in carbon and energy metabolism. We observed a notable signal of natural selection in the gene PTPN1, which encodes PTP1B, an inhibitor of insulin signaling pathway. We show that a PTPN1 coding mutation regulates the metabolism of Tibetan locusts by mediating insulin signaling activity in response to hypoxia. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the high-altitude hypoxia adaptation of insects at the genomic level and explore a potential regulatory mechanism underlying the evolved metabolic homeostasis. Vertebrate adaptation to high-altitude life has been extensively investigated, while invertebrates are less well-studied. Here, the authors find signals of adaptive evolution in genomes of migratory locusts from the Tibetan Plateau, and implicate a PTPN1 coding mutation in their hypoxia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangjian Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
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26
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Zhao H, Perkins G, Yao H, Callacondo D, Appenzeller O, Ellisman M, La Spada AR, Haddad GG. Mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSC-derived neurons of subjects with chronic mountain sickness. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:832-840. [PMID: 29357502 PMCID: PMC6734077 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00689.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) suffer from hypoxemia, erythrocytosis, and numerous neurologic deficits. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from both CMS and non-CMS subjects to study CMS neuropathology. Using transmission electron microscopy, we report that CMS neurons have a decreased mitochondrial volume density, length, and less cristae membrane surface area. Real-time PCR confirmed a decreased mitochondrial fusion gene optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression. Immunoblot analysis showed an accumulation of the short isoform of OPA1 (S-OPA1) in CMS neurons, which have reduced ATP levels under normoxia and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase 3 activation after hypoxia. Improving the balance between the long isoform of OPA1 and S-OPA1 in CMS neurons increased the ATP levels and attenuated LDH release under hypoxia. Our data provide initial evidence for altered mitochondrial morphology and function in CMS neurons, and reveal increased cell death under hypoxia due in part to altered mitochondrial dynamics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from chronic mountain sickness (CMS) subjects have altered mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, and increased sensitivity to hypoxic stress. Modification of OPA1 can attenuate cell death after hypoxic treatment, providing evidence that altered mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in increased vulnerability under stress in CMS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Hang Yao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - David Callacondo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologíasen Salud e Investigación (IETSI). EsSalud . Lima , Peru
| | - Otto Appenzeller
- New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mark Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- The Rady Children's Hospital , San Diego, California
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- The Rady Children's Hospital , San Diego, California
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27
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Akbari A, Vitti JJ, Iranmehr A, Bakhtiari M, Sabeti PC, Mirarab S, Bafna V. Identifying the favored mutation in a positive selective sweep. Nat Methods 2018; 15:279-282. [PMID: 29457793 PMCID: PMC6231406 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Most approaches that capture signatures of selective sweeps in population genomics data do not identify the specific mutation favored by selection. We present iSAFE (for "integrated selection of allele favored by evolution"), a method that enables researchers to accurately pinpoint the favored mutation in a large region (∼5 Mbp) by using a statistic derived solely from population genetics signals. iSAFE does not require knowledge of demography, the phenotype under selection, or functional annotations of mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph J Vitti
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arya Iranmehr
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siavash Mirarab
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Villamonte-Calanche W, Yabar-Galdos G, Jerí-Palomino M, Wilson NA. Anthropometric reference curves for term neonates born at 3400 meters above sea level. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1421935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Villamonte-Calanche
- Centro de Investigación de Medicina Materno-Fetal de Altura (CENIMFA), Servicios de Salud, CENIMFA SAC, Cusco, Perú
| | - Gloria Yabar-Galdos
- Servicio de Neonatología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velazco de ESSALUD, Cusco, Perú
| | - María Jerí-Palomino
- Centro de Investigación de Medicina Materno-Fetal de Altura (CENIMFA), Servicios de Salud, CENIMFA SAC, Cusco, Perú
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29
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Caspermeyer J. Into More Thin Air: Exploring the Adaptation Extremes of Human High Altitude Sickness and Fitness. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:3310. [PMID: 29186443 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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