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Jalili C, Ranjbar Shamsi R, Amiri B, Kakebaraie S, Jalili F, Nasta TZ. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin on the reproductive system: Focus on cell cycle dynamics and apoptosis in testicular tissue. Toxicology 2024; 504:153773. [PMID: 38484789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are inevitable environmental contaminants that are detrimental to human and animal health. AFs interfere with metabolic processes, metabolizing into different hydroxylated derivatives in the liver, as well as mechanistically induce ROS accumulation, S-phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Chronic consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods can adversely affect the male reproductive system, cause testicular damage, prevent testosterone synthesis, decline sperm quality, and cause infertility. Oxidative stress is the fundamental pathogenesis of aflatoxin-induced reproductive toxicity. The overproduction of reactive oxygen substances can cause testicular failure and disturb the process of spermatogenesis. Mitochondria are susceptible to being impaired by oxidative stress, and its damage is associated with infertility. AFs also disturb the process of spermatogenesis by disrupting the regulation of genes related to the progression of the cell cycle such as cyclins and inducing genes related to apoptosis, thereby weakening fertility and negatively affecting the testicular endocrine potential by suppressing androgen synthesis. Additionally, AFs downregulate ERα expression, potentially negatively impacting spermatogenesis by enhancing the apoptotic mechanism. In this review, we provide new insights into the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of AFB1 on the male reproductive system with a focus on the cell cycle and apoptosis destruction of testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rahele Ranjbar Shamsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bita Amiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Seyran Kakebaraie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Touraj Zamir Nasta
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Abdelnour SA, Hassan MAE, Shehabeldin AM, Omar MEA, Khalil WA, Aman RM. Effects of propolis-loaded nanoliposomes fortification in extender on buffalo semen cryopreservation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10621. [PMID: 37391447 PMCID: PMC10313678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Buffalo sperm is sensitive to cryoinjuries, thus improving sperm cryoresistance is a critical approach for wide spreading the assisted reproductive technologies in buffalo. The intention of this work was to assess the effect of propolis-loaded in nanoliposomes (PRNL) supplementation of semen extender on semen quality, antioxidant status and some apoptotic genes of cryopreserved buffalo semen. PRNL were prepared using cholesterol (Chol) as well as soybean lecithin and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Egyptian buffalo bulls (4-6 years) were involved, and the semen samples were collected using the artificial vagina method. Buffalo semen was pooled (n = 25 ejaculates) and cryopreserved in tris extender containing PRNL at 0 (PRNL0), 2 (PRNL2), 4 (PRNL4) and 6 µg/mL (PRNL6), respectively. The PRNL had a size of 113.13 nm and a negative zeta potential (- 56.83 mV). Sperm progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, abnormalities, chromatin damage, redox status, apoptosis status, and apoptotic genes were investigated after post-thawed buffalo semen. Using 2 or 4 µg/mL PRNL significantly increased sperm progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity, while sperm abnormalities and the percentage of chromatin damages were the lowest in PRNL2 group. Moreover, the PRNL2 group exhibited the best results for all antioxidative activities (TAC, SOD, GPx and CAT) with significantly higher levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly lower in the PRLN2 compared with other groups. The sperm caspase 3 enzyme activities showed the lowest values in PRNL2 groups followed by PRNL4 and PRNL6 groups with significant differences compared with the control. Adding 2 µg/mL PRNL to freezing media significantly reduced apoptotic genes such as Bax and Caspase 3 in sperm, while significantly increase in Bcl2 expression compared with the control (P < 0.001). The expression of Bcl2, Caspase 3 and Bax genes in sperm were not affected by the 6 µg/mL PRNL addition (P > 0.05). The electron micrography descriptions exemplified that the fortification of 2 or 4 µg/mL PRNL maintained the acrosomal and plasma membrane integrities as well as sustained the ultrastructure integrity of the cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa when compared with control group, whereas the 6 µg/mL of PRNL demonstrated highest injury to the acrosome and plasma membranes. Results show supplementation of the buffalo freezing extender with 2 or 4 µg/mL of PRNL enhanced post-thawed sperm quality via boosting the antioxidant indices, diminishing the oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as maintained the ultrastructure integrity of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A E Hassan
- Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shehabeldin
- Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E A Omar
- Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Wael A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Reham Mokhtar Aman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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3
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Sharma P, Kaushal N, Saleth LR, Ghavami S, Dhingra S, Kaur P. Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy: Balancing the contrary forces in spermatogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166742. [PMID: 37146914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in the testis and is a cornerstone of male infertility. The abundance of unsaturated fatty acid and high cell division rate make male germs cells prone to DNA deterioration. ROS-mediated oxidative stress triggers DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis in male germ cells, which are critical causative factors that lead to male infertility. The complex connection and molecular crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is seen at multifaceted levels that interconnect the signaling pathways of these two processes. Multilevel interaction between apoptosis and autophagy is a seamless state of survival and death in response to various stressors. Interaction between multiple genes and proteins such as the mTor signaling pathway, Atg12 proteins, and the death adapter proteins, such as Beclin 1, p53, and Bcl-2 family proteins, validates such a link between these two phenomena. Testicular cells being epigenetically different from somatic cells, undergo numerous significant epigenetic transitions, and ROS modulates the epigenetic framework of mature sperm. Epigenetic deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy under oxidative stress conditions can cause sperm cell damage. The current review recapitulates the current role of prevailing stressors that generate oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in the male reproductive system. Considering the pathophysiological consequences of ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy, a combinatorial approach, including apoptosis inhibition and autophagy activation, a therapeutic strategy to treat male idiopathic infertility. Understanding the crosslink between apoptosis and autophagy under stress conditions in male germ cells may play an essential role in developing therapeutic strategies to treat infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Leena Regi Saleth
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160024, India.
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4
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Zhao C, Sun L, Zhao P. Effects of sperm processing techniques on IVF pregnancy rates: a mini-review. Ther Adv Reprod Health 2023; 17:26334941231188656. [PMID: 37497119 PMCID: PMC10366343 DOI: 10.1177/26334941231188656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors associated with assisted reproductive technologies significantly influence the success of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF) either directly or indirectly. These factors include sperm processing techniques, egg retrieval, intrauterine artificial insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and embryo transfer. Among these technologies, sperm quality is one of the most critical factors for a successful IVF pregnancy. The method used for sperm processing plays a crucial role in determining the quality of sperm. Several widely used sorting techniques, such as conventional swim-up, density gradient centrifugation, magnetic activated cell sorting, and hyaluronic acid, have been extensively compared in various studies. Previous studies have shown that each sperm processing method causes varying degrees of sperm damage, particularly in sperm motility, concentration, morphological features, viability, and DNA integrity. However, sperm processing techniques have been developed slowly, and the impact of these methods on pregnancy rates is still unclear. Further exploration is needed. In this review, we aim to compare the results of different sperm processing techniques concerning sperm quality and IVF pregnancy rates. We will also discuss possible clinical approaches, such as microfluidics and integrated approaches, for testing and improving sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhao
- Department of Prevention, Health Care and Fertility, Xinfuli Community Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lanming Sun
- Department of Prevention, Health Care and Fertility, Xinfuli Community Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 29th Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, China
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Asadi A, Ghahremani R, Abdolmaleki A, Rajaei F. Role of sperm apoptosis and oxidative stress in male infertility: A narrative review. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:493-504. [PMID: 34401644 PMCID: PMC8350854 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i6.9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of caspase, externalization of phosphatidyl serine, change in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation are apoptosis markers found in human ejaculated spermatozoa. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the different types of male infertility. In this review, data sources including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched for publications with no particular time restriction to get a holistic and comprehensive view of the research. Apoptosis regulates the male germ cells, correct function and development from the early embryonic stages of gonadal differentiation to fertilization. In addition to maintaining a reasonable ratio between the Sertoli and germ cells, apoptosis is one of the well-known quality control mechanisms in the testis. Also, high ROS levels cause a heightened and dysregulated apoptotic response. Apoptosis is one of the well-known mechanisms of quality control in the testis. Nevertheless, increased apoptosis may have adverse effects on sperm production. Recent studies have shown that ROS and the consequent oxidative stress play a crucial role in apoptosis. This review aims to assimilate and summarize recent findings on the apoptosis in male reproduction and fertility. Also, this review discusses the update on the role of ROS in normal sperm function to guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rozita Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.,BioScience and Biotechnology Research Center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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6
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Bravo A, Quilaqueo N, Jofré I, Villegas JV. Overtime expression of plasma membrane and mitochondrial function markers associated with cell death in human spermatozoa exposed to nonphysiological levels of reactive oxygen species. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13907. [PMID: 33263218 DOI: 10.1111/and.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cell types, the potential of reactive oxygen species to induce death processes has been largely demonstrated. Studies in spermatozoa have associated the imbalance of reactive oxygen species and phosphatidylserine externalisation as an apoptosis marker. However, the lack of consensus about time effect in the joint expression of these and other death markers has made it difficult to understand the set of mechanisms influenced beyond the concentration effect of reactive oxygen species to stimulate cell death. Here, the plasma membrane permeability and integrity, phosphatidylserine externalisation and mitochondrial membrane potential were jointly evaluated as death markers in human spermatozoa stimulated with H2 O2 . The results showed a profound and sustained effect of dissipation in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increased phosphatidylserine externalisation in human spermatozoa exposed to 3 mmol-1 of H2 O2 at 30 min. This was followed by an increased membrane permeability after 45 min. The last observed event was the loss of cell membrane integrity at 60 min. In conclusion, mitochondria are rapidly affected in human spermatozoa exposed to reactive oxygen species, with the barely detectable mitochondrial membrane potential coexisting with the high phosphatidylserine externalisation in cells with normal membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bravo
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nelson Quilaqueo
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ignacio Jofré
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juana V Villegas
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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7
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Khodamoradi K, Khosravizadeh Z, Amini-Khoei H, Hosseini SR, Dehpour AR, Hassanzadeh G. The effects of maternal separation stress experienced by parents on male reproductive potential in the next generation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04807. [PMID: 33024852 PMCID: PMC7527646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little information available about the effects of early-life parental stress on the reproductive potential of the next generation. The aim of this study is to examine the reproductive potential of male mice whose parents experienced maternal separation stress. In the present study, male first-generation offspring from parents were undergone of maternal separation (MS) were examined. Sperm characteristics, histological changes in testis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, expression of apoptotic and inflammatory genes and proteins were assessed. Findings showed that MS experienced by parents significantly decreased the morphology and viability of spermatozoa. Furthermore, significant changes in testicular tissue histology were observed. Increased production of ROS, decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations, and affected the expression of genes and cytokines involved in inflammation. Finally, the mean percentage of caspase-1 and NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) positive cells was significantly higher in first-generation group. MS experienced by parents may negatively affect the reproduction of first generation offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Khodamoradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini
- Departent of Urology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saki J, Sabaghan M, Arjmand R, Teimoori A, Rashno M, Saki G, Shojaee S. Spermatogonia apoptosis induction as a possible mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii-induced male infertility. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1164-1171. [PMID: 32963738 PMCID: PMC7491504 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43535.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as an intracellular protozoan is widely prevalent in humans and animals. Infection generally occurs through consuming food contaminated with oocysts and tissue cysts from undercooked meat. The parasite is carried in sexual fluids like semen but there is little information about the effect of T. gondii on the male reproductive system. In this study, we examined the effect of T. gondii tachyzoites on apoptosis induction in type B spermatogonia (GC-1) cells. Materials and Methods: Fresh tachyzoites taken of infected BALB/c mice, GC-1 spg cells were infected with increasing concentrations of tachyzoites of T. gondii, then apoptotic cells were identified and quantified by flow cytometry. The genes associated with apoptosis were evaluated by RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Results: PCR array analysis of 84 apoptosis-related genes demonstrated that 12 genes were up-regulated at least 4-fold and that one gene was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the T. gondii infection group compared with levels in the control group. The number of genes whose expression had increased during the period of infection with T. gondii was significantly higher than those whose expressions had decreased (18 versus 1) and Tnfrsf11b had the highest rate of gene expression. Conclusion: T. gondii induce in vitro apoptosis of GC-1 spg cells. This effect shows a trend of concentration-dependent increase so that with an increase in the ratio of parasite burden to spermatogonial cells, in addition to an increase in the number of genes whose expression has changed, the fold of these changes has increased as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Saki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Sabaghan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Arjmand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao B, Li X, Feng XY, Gong S, Li ZB, Zhang J, Yuan HJ, Tan JH. Restraint stress of male mice induces apoptosis in spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells: role of the FasL/Fas system†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:235-247. [PMID: 31066896 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which psychological stress impairs semen quality are largely unknown. By using a restraint-stressed mouse model, we studied the role of the FasL/Fas system in psychological stress-induced apoptosis of spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells. Male mice were restrained for 48 h before examination for sperm fertilizing potential and for apoptosis and FasL/Fas expression in spermatozoa, spermatogenetic cells/seminiferous tubules, and caudae epididymides. The results showed that the male restraint reduced motility, fertilization rates, and mitochondrial membrane potential while increasing apoptosis and Fas expression in spermatozoa. Restraint also facilitated apoptosis and FasL/Fas expression in spermatogenic cells/seminiferous tubules and caudae epididymides. The restraint-induced apoptosis in spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells was significantly ameliorated in gld mice that harbor a loss-of-function mutation in FasL. However, incubation with FasL did not affect sperm motility and apoptosis, while incubation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α did. The epididymis of the gld mice produced significantly less TNF-α and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) than that of wild-type mice did after male restraint. Thus, the results confirmed that the FasL/Fas system played an important role in the psychological stress-induced apoptosis of spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells and that FasL triggered sperm apoptosis in epididymis dependently through promoting TNF-α and TRAIL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Yun Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, P. R. China
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Song J, Gao X, Tang Z, Li H, Ruan Y, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Jiang H. Protective effect of Berberine on reproductive function and spermatogenesis in diabetic rats via inhibition of ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway. Andrology 2020; 8:793-806. [PMID: 32012485 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces impairment of male reproductive system and is considered as a key factor that could partially provide an explanation for male infertility. Thus, understanding the mechanism underlying DM-induced infertility will aid in the identification of novel therapeutic stratagems. OBJECTIVES To delineate the role of ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway in DM-induced low reproductive function and impaired spermatogenesis. Additionally, to investigate the protective effect of monomeric Berberine (BB) that inhibits ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway, in the pathogenesis of DM-induced infertility. METHODS 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, DM group, control plus BB group, and DM plus BB group. Streptozotocin was used to induce DM. After treating the rats with BB for 4 weeks, fertility tests were conducted to investigate the reproductive function, and testis weight along with sperm motility was assessed through microscope. Oxidative stress was evaluated by DHE staining. TUNEL staining was utilized to detect the state of apoptosis. Cell experiments were carried out to define the role of BB in vitro. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were employed to measure the protein expression. RESULTS Our results indicate that the reproductive function of DM rats was low, accompanied by decreased testis weight and sperm motility in addition to the impairment of the seminiferous tubules. However, there was a significant improvement in the reproductive function parameters in the BB-treated DM rats. Subsequently, our data revealed that DM rats produce an increased level of ROS in the testis, which activates JAK2 further activating the NFκB pathway, leading to increased apoptosis and impaired cells in the testicles. However, BB could attenuate the ROS production and abrogate activation of JAK2/NFκB pathway, thus inhibiting the apoptosis in the testicular cells of DM rats. CONCLUSION ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway is involved in the DM-induced low reproductive function and impaired spermatogenesis. BB can play a protective role in preserving the reproductive function and spermatogenesis in DM by inhibiting ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Song
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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11
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Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Russo GI, La Vignera S. From Spermiogram to Bio-Functional Sperm Parameters: When and Why Request Them? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020406. [PMID: 32028634 PMCID: PMC7074550 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate whether infertile patients may benefit from the evaluation of bio-functional sperm parameters in addition to the conventional semen analysis. To accomplish this, we evaluated the correlation between conventional and bio-functional sperm parameters based on their percentile distribution in search of a potential threshold of these latter that associates with conventional sperm parameter abnormalities. The study was conducted on 577 unselected patients with infertility lasting at least 12 months. We identified cut-off values according to the median of the population for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), number of alive spermatozoa, and chromatin abnormality. High MMP (HMMP) (≥46.25%) was associated with sperm concentration, sperm count, progressive motility, and normal form. Low MMP (LMMP) (≥36.5%) was found to be associated with semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, total motility, and normal form. The number of alive spermatozoa (≥71.7%) was associated with sperm concentration and progressive motility whereas abnormal chromatin compactness (≥21.10%) was associated with sperm concentration, total sperm count, and progressive motility. The data would suggest that, for every increase in the percentile category of sperm concentration, the risk of finding an HMMP≤46.25 is reduced by 0.4 and by 0.66 for a total sperm count. This risk is also reduced by 0.60 for every increase in the percentile category of sperm progressive motility and by 0.71 for total sperm motility. Each increment of percentile category of the following sperm parameter was followed by a decrease in the risk of finding an LMMP≤36.5: sperm concentration 1.66, total sperm count 1.28, sperm progressive motility 1.27, total sperm motility 1.76, and normal form 1.73. Lastly, the data showed that, for every increase in the percentile category of total sperm count, the risk of finding an abnormal chromatin compactness ≤21.10 is reduced by 1.25 (1.04–1.51, p < 0.05) and an increase of total sperm motility is associated with a reduced risk by 1.44 (1.12–1.85, p < 0.05). Results suggest a correlation between bio-functional and conventional sperm parameters that impact the sperm fertilizing potential. Therefore, the evaluation of bio-functional sperm parameters by flow cytometry may be useful to explain some cases of idiopathic male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Giorgio I. Russo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Del Prete C, Stout T, Montagnaro S, Pagnini U, Uccello M, Florio P, Ciani F, Tafuri S, Palumbo V, Pasolini MP, Cocchia N, Henning H. Combined addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase improves quality of cooled stored stallion semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 210:106195. [PMID: 31635777 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During cold storage stallion spermatozoa experience undergo oxidative stress, which can impair sperm function and fertilizing capacity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are the main endogenous enzymatic antioxidants in stallion seminal plasma, and counteract reactive oxygen species. Semen dilution reduces the endogenous antioxidant concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether addition of 15 IU/mL each of SOD, CAT, and GPX to diluted stallion semen would ameliorate a reactive oxygen-mediated decrease in semen quality during 72 h of storage at 5 °C. Ejaculates (n = 7) were divided in two aliquots and diluted in INRA 96 without (control) or with addition of antioxidants. Semen analysis was performed at the time of dilution and every 24 h during chilled storage. Antioxidant supplementation completely inhibited the storage-dependent increase in activated caspase 3 (P < 0.05). Concomitantly, the antioxidant-supplemented samples had a greater percentage of viable, motile and rapidly moving sperm than control samples after 72 h storage (P < 0.05). The DNA damage, as evaluated by TUNEL assay and SCSA, increased with storage time (P < 0.05). Antioxidant supplementation did not prevent, but did significantly reduce the increase in DNA strand breakage. The results indicate part of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway leading to effector caspase activation was inhibited, although an activation of molecules with endonuclease activity still occurred. In conclusion, adding equal concentrations of SOD, CAT and GPX to a semen extender suppressed caspase-3 activation and improved preservation of stallion sperm motility and viability during 72 h of storage at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Tom Stout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Melania Uccello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Florio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Heiko Henning
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Nakidkina AN, Kuzmina TI. Apoptosis in Spermatozoa and Its Role in Deteriorating Semen Quality. Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360419040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Investigating Chlamydia trachomatis and Genital Mycoplasma Prevalence and Apoptosis Markers in Infertile and Fertile Couples. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.84954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Jiang X, Zhang N, Yin L, Zhang WL, Han F, Liu WB, Chen HQ, Cao J, Liu JY. A commercial Roundup® formulation induced male germ cell apoptosis by promoting the expression of XAF1 in adult mice. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:163-172. [PMID: 29908847 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Roundup® is extensively used for weed control worldwide. Residues of this compound may lead to side effects of the male reproductive system. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of Roundup® of male germ cells remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of Roundup® on mouse male germ cells and explore the role of a novel tumor suppressor XAF1 (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1) involved in this process. We demonstrated that Roundup® can impair spermatogenesis, decrease sperm motility and concentration, and increase the sperm deformity rate in mice. In addition, excessive apoptosis of germ cells accompanied by the overexpression of XAF1 occurred after Roundup® exposure both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the low expression of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) induced by Roundup® was inversely correlated with XAF1. Moreover, the knockdown of XAF1 attenuated germ cell apoptosis, improved XIAP expression and inhibited the activation of its downstream target proteins, caspase-3 and PARP, after Roundup® exposure. Taken together, our data indicated that XAF1 plays an important role in Roundup®-induced male germ cell apoptosis. The present study suggested that Roundup® exposure has potential negative implications on male reproductive health in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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16
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Ageing reduces the reproductive performance of male white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by altering sperm intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations and interfering with sperm apoptosis. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 198:74-81. [PMID: 30217679 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of age on the reproductive performance of various invertebrates, including white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are increasingly well documented, the mechanisms manifesting these impacts remain poorly understood. To ascertain the mechanisms of age on reproductive performance, the sperm quality, intracellular contents of Ca2+, insemination and hatching rates, and status of sperm apoptosis in terms of the expression of key regulatory genes were investigated in 11 and 16 month old male L. vannamei. The aged male individuals (16 months) had lesser reproductive performance in terms of fertilization and hatching rates. In addition, fewer and less viable sperm were detected in aged shrimp, which may be due to the altered expression of apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, the aged males had lesser intracellular contents of Ca2+ in the sperm which may decrease the capacity of these gametes to undergo a complete acrosome reaction. In general, due to the decrease in intracellular contents of Ca2+ and alterations in the process of apoptosis, aged L. vannamei have relatively lesser quality sperm and may, therefore, have lesser reproductive performance.
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17
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Grunewald S, Fitzl G, Springsguth C. Induction of ultra-morphological features of apoptosis in mature and immature sperm. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:533-537. [PMID: 27270340 PMCID: PMC5566845 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.180974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fundamental body of evidence suggesting that activated apoptosis signaling in ejaculated human sperm negatively influences their fertilization potential. However, it is still controversial whether this apoptotic signaling is a relic of an abortive apoptosis related to spermatogenesis or if it should be regarded as a functional preformed pathway in mature sperm leading to stereotypical morphological changes reflecting nuclear disassembly. To address this question, apoptosis was induced using betulinic acid in mature and immature ejaculated human sperm enriched by density gradient centrifugation. Execution of apoptosis was monitored by observing ultra-morphological changes via transmission electron microscopy. Typical morphological signs of apoptosis in somatic cells include plasma membrane blebbing with the formation of apoptotic bodies, impaired mitochondrial integrity, defects of the nuclear envelope, and nuclear fragmentation; these morphologies have also been observed in human sperm. In addition, these apoptotic characteristics were more frequent in immature sperm compared to mature sperm. Following betulinic acid treatment, apoptosis-related morphological changes were induced in mature sperm from healthy donors. This effect was much less pronounced in immature sperm. Moreover, in both fractions, the betulinic acid treatment increased the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm. The results of our ultra-morphological study prove the functional competence of apoptosis in mature ejaculated human sperm. The theory of a sole abortive process may be valid only for immature sperm. The induction of the acrosome reaction by stimulating apoptosis might shed light on the biological relevance of sperm apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Grunewald
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guenther Fitzl
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Springsguth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Hichri R, Amor H, Khammari M, Harzallah M, El Fekih S, Saad A, Ajina M, Ben Ali H. Apoptotic sperm biomarkers and the correlation between conventional sperm parameters and clinical characteristics. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hichri
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - H. Amor
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - M. Khammari
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - M. Harzallah
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - S. El Fekih
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - A. Saad
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - M. Ajina
- Reproductive Medicine Unit; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
| | - H. Ben Ali
- Department of Cytogenetics; Genetics and Molecular Biology of Human Reproduction; CHU Farhat Hached; Sousse Tunisia
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19
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Boyraz G, Selcuk I, Sokmensuer LK, Bozdag G, Menkveld R, Gunalp S. Evaluation of the relation between preapoptotic sperm rate in ejaculate and intrauterine insemination success rate in patients with unexplained infertility. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 36:980-983. [PMID: 27615728 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2016.1188269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The parameters measured in the standard semen analysis may be insufficient for exact differentiation between fertile and infertile men. Therefore, we assume that the high rate of apoptotic sperm in ejaculate may play a role on the aetiology of unexplained infertility. Couples with unexplained infertility treated by ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination were consecutively enrolled (n = 94). To determine the proapoptotic sperm rate, the ejaculate from patients was stained with annexin V. Thirteen of the 94 couples (13.8%) conceived after intrauterine insemination. The annexin V-positive sperm rate was found to be 20.0% in the whole group. In women failing to conceive, the annexin V-positive sperm rate was 20.8% compared to 15.7% in patients who achieved pregnancy. Although there is a trend towards higher preapoptotic sperm rate in couples failing to get pregnant with insemination, the difference did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Boyraz
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ilker Selcuk
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Lale K Sokmensuer
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gurkan Bozdag
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,c Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Roelof Menkveld
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Serdar Gunalp
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,c Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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20
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Roca J, Parrilla I, Gil M, Cuello C, Martinez E, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Non-viable sperm in the ejaculate: Lethal escorts for contemporary viable sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 169:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Northup JRN, Deutscher SL. Cytotoxic Tumor-Targeting Peptides From In Vivo Phage Display. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2016; 19:370-7. [PMID: 27055748 DOI: 10.2174/1386207319666160408151423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously utilized an in vivo peptide phage display selection technique, which included the use of detergent elution of phage from excised tumor, to obtain tumor-targeting phage with the ability to extravasate the vasculature and bind directly to prostate tumor tissue. It is hypothesized that this same in vivo phage selection technique can be used to functionally select for molecules that not only bind to cancer cells but also kill them. Here we analyzed two different in vivo phage display selected phage clones, G1 and H5, retrieved from PC-3 human prostate carcinoma xenografted tumors. First, cell de-attachment as an endpoint criterion for apoptosis and cell cycle was examined. After 2.5 hours incubation with G1 phage, PC-3 cell attachment was reduced by 23.8% and the percent of cell population in M phase reduced by 32.1%. In comparison, PC-3 cells incubated with H5 phage had a reduction of 25.0% cell attachment and 33.6% of cell population in M phase. These changes in combination with elevated caspase activation within cells in M phase, and no significant changes to G1/G0 or S phase cell populations suggest that the cytotoxic phages are targeting actively dividing PC-3 cells. Microscopic studies were also performed to further analyze the nature of cytotoxicity of these two phage clones. It was found that G1 phage induced and co- localized with tubulin based projections within apoptotic cells, while H5 phage did not. These phage may form the foundation for a new class of targeted prostate cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan L Deutscher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, and Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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22
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Aydos OS, Yükselten Y, Kaplan F, Sunguroğlu A, Aydos K. Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men. Turk J Urol 2015; 41:191-7. [PMID: 26623148 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2015.98475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A male factor is responsible in approximately 30-40% of couples receiving infertility treatment. Routinely, such couples undergo semen analysis including parameters such as sperm count, motility and morphology. Generally, the analysis of sperm DNA damage, shown to have a significant clinical importance by many studies, is recognized as an advanced test that is not included in routine infertility tests. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection method, commonly employed in the current infertility treatment protocols, lowers the fertilization rate, however, fertilization can occur even with a damaged DNA which is known to pose a risk in the subsequent pregnancy period. The relation between sperm morphology and the degree of sperm DNA damage has not yet been understood clearly. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between routine semen analysis and sperm DNA integrity assay, another advanced but costly method. MATERIAL AND METHODS The degree of DNA damage was compared with the results of semen analysis, based on the WHO criteria, in 399 male patients who received comet assay for sperm DNA integrity. The statistical correlation analyses were performed with Windows SPPS statistical package program. RESULTS Accordingly, the sperm DNA damage was found to be correlated with all 3 parameters (sperm count, forward motility, and morphology) examined by the semen analysis (p<0.001). Total sperm DNA Damage Count was 226, 216, and 210 arbitrary units in patients with a sperm count <15 mil/mL, forward moving motility <32%, and normal morphology <4%, respectively. The difference with the normal individuals was statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In light of the comet assay results, higher degree of sperm DNA damage is associated with significant impairment of all seminal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Sena Aydos
- Department of Medical Biology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Yükselten
- Department of Medical Biology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fuat Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asuman Sunguroğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Aydos
- Department of Urology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Gawecka JE, Boaz S, Kasperson K, Nguyen H, Evenson DP, Ward WS. Luminal fluid of epididymis and vas deferens contributes to sperm chromatin fragmentation. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2725-36. [PMID: 26466911 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the luminal fluids of the epididymis and the vas deferens contribute to sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF) in mice? SUMMARY ANSWER The luminal fluids of both organs are required for activating SCF in mice, but the vas deferens luminal fluid does this more efficiently than that of the epididymis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mice sperm have the ability to degrade their DNA in an apoptotic-like fashion when treated with divalent cations in a process termed SCF. SCF has two steps: the induction of reversible double-strand DNA breaks at the nuclear matrix attachment sites, followed by the irreversible degradation of DNA by nuclease. Single stranded DNA breaks accompany SCF. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Luminal fluids from two reproductive organs of the mouse (B6D2F1 strain), the epididymis and vas deferens, were extracted and tested for SCF activation with divalent cations using four different combinations of the sperm and the surrounding luminal fluids: (i) in situ--sperm were kept in their luminal fluid and activated directly; (ii) reconstituted--sperm were centrifuged and resuspended in their luminal fluid before SCF activation; (iii) mixed--sperm were centrifuged and resuspended in the luminal fluid of the other organ; (iv) no luminal fluid--sperm were centrifuged and reconstituted in buffer. All four experiments were performed without (controls) and with divalent cations (resulting in SCF). For each experimental condition, two different mice were used and the analyses averaged. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DNA damage by SCF was analyzed by three different methods, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis and field inversion gel electrophoresis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In all three assays that we used, the vas deferens luminal fluid was much more efficient in stimulating SCF in the sperm from either source than that of the epididymis (P < 0.0001). Vas deferens sperm were capable of initiating lower levels of SCF in the absence of luminal fluid (P < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Analyses were performed in only one species, the mouse, but we used three separate assays in our analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The data suggest that the luminal fluid of the male reproductive tract interacts with sperm during their transit providing a mechanism to degrade the DNA. We hypothesize that this is part of an apoptotic-like mechanism that allows the reproductive tract to eliminate defective sperm. The SCF model also allowed us to identify differences in the types of DNA lesions that the three tests can identify, providing important background information for the use of these tests clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Segal Boaz
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Donald P Evenson
- SCSA Diagnostics, Brookings, SD, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanford Medical School, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - W Steven Ward
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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24
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The Role of Protamine 2 Gene Expression and Caspase 9 Activity in Male Infertility. J Urol 2015; 195:796-800. [PMID: 26392304 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 15% of couples are affected by infertility with the man responsible in almost half of the cases. PRMs (protamines) confer a higher order of DNA packaging in sperm than that in somatic cells. Because of the critical roles of PRMs in spermatid differentiation, aberrations in PRM expression or changes in protein structure could be causes of certain types of idiopathic human male infertility. The aim of this study was to give insight into the role of PRM2 gene expression and caspase 9 activity in the pathogenesis of male infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study included 70 men with idiopathic infertility and 64 fertile men who attended the andrology outpatient clinic at Mansoura University Hospital. Semen sample analyses were done according to WHO recommendations. The acrosome reaction of spermatozoa recovered from each sample was assessed. Samples were separated using discontinuous gradient separation. From each semen sample mature sperm were separated from immature sperm. The resulting samples were divided into 2 parts, including one to determine caspase 9 activity and the other for RNA extraction and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of PRM2 gene expression. The polymerase chain reaction product was electrophoresed on 2% agarose gel. RESULTS PRM2 gene expression was significantly decreased in immature sperm extracted from the fertile and infertile groups. Caspase 9 activity was significantly increased in immature sperm extracted from both groups. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of PRM2 may be associated with morphological abnormalities, initiation of the apoptotic pathway and decreasing sperm motility. PRM2 may be an important marker to better understand the key regulatory pathway of spermatogenesis and it may act as a crucial part of fertilization.
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Wang J, He L, Chen D, Pi Y, Zhou W, Xiong X, Ren Y, Lai Y, Hua Z. Quantitative analysis of annexin V-membrane interaction by flow cytometry. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:325-36. [PMID: 25921613 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a green fluorescent phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding probe, which was generated by fusing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to the C terminus of human annexin V (anxV). With this probe, we investigated anxV-membrane interaction under different calcium and anxV-EGFP concentrations through flow cytometry (FCM). A mathematical description of the binding characteristics is proposed and validated to quantify the relationship concerning the relative concentration of membrane-bound anxV (B), calcium concentration ([C]), and protein concentration ([P]). Further analyses reveal that [Formula: see text] is linear with [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] when [P] and [C] are fixed, respectively, which indicates that the anxV-membrane binding reaction may involve sequential multiple steps. Our study provides a reference for application of anxV in apoptosis detection. The mathematical expression facilitates exploration of the possible interactions between calcium, anxV, and membrane. The corresponding mathematical analysis strengthens the interpretation of the interaction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Room B211, College of Life Sciences, School of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, 210046, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Muratori M, Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Cambi M, Olivito B, Azzari C, Forti G, Baldi E. Investigation on the Origin of Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Role of Apoptosis, Immaturity and Oxidative Stress. Mol Med 2015; 21:109-22. [PMID: 25786204 PMCID: PMC4461587 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) represents a threat to male fertility, human reproduction and the health of the offspring. The causes of sDF are still unclear, even if apoptosis, oxidative assault and defects in chromatin maturation are hypothesized. Using multicolor flow cytometry and sperm sorting, we challenged the three hypothesized mechanisms by simultaneously evaluating sDF and signs of oxidative damage (8-hydroxy, 2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), apoptosis (caspase activity and cleaved poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase [cPARP]) and sperm immaturity (creatine phosphokinase [CK] and excess of residual histones). Active caspases and c-PARP were concomitant with sDF in a high percentage of spermatozoa (82.6% ± 9.1% and 53.5% ± 16.4%, respectively). Excess of residual histones was significantly higher in DNA-fragmented sperm versus sperm without DNA fragmentation (74.8% ± 17.5% and 37.3% ± 16.6%, respectively, p < 0.005), and largely concomitant with active caspases. Conversely, oxidative damage was scarcely concomitant with sDF in the total sperm population, at variance with live sperm, where 8-OHdG and MDA were clearly associated to sDF. In addition, most live cells with active caspase also showed 8-OHdG, suggesting activation of apoptotic pathways in oxidative-injured live cells. This is the first investigation on the origin of sDF directly evaluating the simultaneous presence of the signs of the hypothesized mechanisms with DNA breaks at the single cell level. The results indicate that the main pathway leading to sperm DNA breaks is a process of apoptosis, likely triggered by an impairment of chromatin maturation in the testis and by oxidative stress during the transit in the male genital tract. These findings are highly relevant for clinical studies on the effects of drugs on sDF and oxidative stress in infertile men and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Muratori
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Marchiani
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Cambi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Biagio Olivito
- Pediatric Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Pediatric Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Forti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
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Wu Z, Wu Y, Qin Y, Li X. Influences of sorting and cryopreservation on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization in bovine sperm. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sellami H, Znazen A, Sellami A, Mnif H, Louati N, Zarrouk SB, Keskes L, Rebai T, Gdoura R, Hammami A. Molecular detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted bacteria in semen of male partners of infertile couples in Tunisia: the effect on semen parameters and spermatozoa apoptosis markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98903. [PMID: 25019616 PMCID: PMC4096407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasmas, and Ureaplasmas in semen samples of the male partners of infertile couples and to investigate whether Chlamydia trachomatis could initiate apoptosis in human spermatozoa. A total of 85 males partners of infertile couples undergoing routine semen analysis according to World Health Organization guidelines were included. Specimens were examined for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum by Real time PCR (qPCR). Semen specimens were analysed for the appearance of apoptotic markers (sperm DNA fragmentation, activated caspase 3 levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm)) using flow cytometry. C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, U. urealyticum, M genitalium were detected in semen samples of 13 (15.2%), 5 (5.8%), 5 (5.8%) and 3 (3.5%) male partners of infertile couples, respectively. M. hominis and U. parvum were detected in semen sample of only one patient (1.1%). The semen of infertile men positive for C. trachomatis showed lower mean of semen count and lower rapid progressive motility (category [a]) of spermatozoa compared to uninfected men with statistically significances (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated a significant increase of the mean rate of semen with low ΔΨm and caspase 3 activation of infertile men positive for C. trachomatis compared to uninfected men (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively). DNA fragmentation was also increased in sperm of infertile men positive for C. trachomatis compared to uninfected men but without statistical significances (p = 0.62). Chlamydial infection was associated to loss of ΔΨm and caspase 3activation. Thus, C. trachomatis infection could be incriminated in apoptosis induction of spermatozoa. These effects may explain the negative direct impact of C. trachomatis infection on sperm fertilizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Sellami
- Department of Microbiology and research laboratory “Microorganismes et Pathologies Humaines”, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abir Znazen
- Department of Microbiology and research laboratory “Microorganismes et Pathologies Humaines”, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Sellami
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hela Mnif
- Sfax Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nour Louati
- Sfax Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Ben Zarrouk
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Keskes
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Unit Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adnene Hammami
- Department of Microbiology and research laboratory “Microorganismes et Pathologies Humaines”, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Effects of glycerol on apoptotic signaling pathways during boar spermatozoa cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2014; 68:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Caselles AB, Miro-Moran A, Morillo Rodriguez A, Gallardo Bolaños JM, Ortega-Ferrusola C, Salido GM, Peña FJ, Tapia JA, Aparicio IM. Identification of Apoptotic Bodies in Equine Semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:254-62. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AB Caselles
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - A Miro-Moran
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - A Morillo Rodriguez
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - JM Gallardo Bolaños
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - C Ortega-Ferrusola
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - GM Salido
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - FJ Peña
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - JA Tapia
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - IM Aparicio
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
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Khatun S, Chaube SK, Bhattacharyya CN. p53 activation and mitochondria-mediated pathway are involved during hanging death-induced neuronal cell apoptosis in dentate gyrus region of the rat brain. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:407. [PMID: 24555164 PMCID: PMC3923921 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand the molecular event in the brain caused by hanging death (HD). Animals were subjected to either cervical dislocation (CD) or HD. Brain was collected at various times (0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h) after death. Brain expression of p53 and Bax, cytochrome c concentration, caspases activity and DNA fragmentation were analyzed. Compared to that of CD, HD increased p53 and Bax proteins expressions, cytochrome c concentration, caspases activity and DNA fragmentation during the early period (0-6 h) of HD, whereas CD induced necrosis 3 h post- CD and thereafter. These data support that HD induces neuronal cell apoptosis, in part, through mitochondria-mediated pathways. These data also suggest that neuronal apoptosis could be a potential marker and an aid to forensic science of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabana Khatun
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Chandra N Bhattacharyya
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Brugnon F, Ouchchane L, Pons-Rejraji H, Artonne C, Farigoule M, Janny L. Density gradient centrifugation prior to cryopreservation and hypotaurine supplementation improve post-thaw quality of sperm from infertile men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2045-57. [PMID: 23760160 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can selection of spermatozoa by density gradient centrifugation prior to cryopreservation and/or hypotaurine supplementation improve the post-thaw quality of sperm from infertile men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia? SUMMARY ANSWER Sperm selection by density gradient centrifugation before freezing and supplementation of the media by hypotaurine is beneficial for the cryopreservation of semen samples of patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sperm from men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia are more susceptible than normal to cryoinjury. Density gradient centrifugation before sperm freezing may allow the selection of a subpopulation of spermatozoa more resistant to cryopreservation. Hypotaurine is an antioxidant with a protective effect on sperm functions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The experiment was carried out according to a factorial design involving two binary factors resulting in four treatment combinations which were randomly allocated in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia sperm samples from 64 patients recruited between January 2009 and June 2010. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Semen was provided by 64 men undergoing evaluation for infertility at the Centre for Reproductive Medicine of the University Hospital in Clermont-Ferrand, France, between January 2009 and June 2010. Four treatment combinations were tested: sperm freezing before selection without (F-S/H-; n = 16) and with hypotaurine supplementation (F-S/H+; n = 16); sperm selection before freezing without (S-F/H-; n = 16) and with hypotaurine supplementation (S-F/H+; n = 16). Measurements of sperm recovery rates and markers of apoptosis (externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation) were compared in recovered spermatozoa after each procedure. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Higher recovery rates of progressive and total motile spermatozoa were observed when sperm selection was performed before freezing (P < 0.05). The protective effect of hypotaurine was only observed on the percentage of live spermatozoa with PS externalization among total live spermatozoa (AN+ PI-/((AN+ PI-) + (AN- PI-)) when the sperm selection by density gradient centrifugation was performed before freezing (S-F/H+ versus S-F/H-: 6.8 ± 1.09 versus 11.8 ± 2.03%, P = 0.04). The percentage of mitochondrial membrane potential (DiOC6(3) (high)) spermatozoa was higher (P = 0.001) when sperm selection was done before freezing compared with procedures in which sperm selection was done after sperm freezing with (S-F/H+ versus F-S/H+: 58.1 ± 3.50 versus 46.7 ± 5.48%) or without (S-F/H- versus F-S/H-: 57.0 ± 5.18 versus 35.4 ± 4.99%) hypotaurine supplementation. The percentages of TUNEL+ spermatozoa were significantly lower (P = 0.001) when sperm selection was done before sperm freezing compared with procedures in which sperm selection was done after sperm freezing with (S-F/H+ versus F-S/H+: 38.6 ± 9.59 versus 55.7 ± 5.88%) or without hypotaurine supplementation (S-F/H- versus F-S/H-: 37.2 ± 7.91 versus 71.0 ± 5.66%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The ICSI outcomes were not assessed and the fertility of the spermatozoa remains unknown. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Sperm selection by density gradient centrifugation before freezing and hypotaurine supplementation could improve the cryopreservation of sperm from oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men and make a larger number of functional spermatozoa available for ICSI. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERETS(S) This work was supported by a hospital grant (Projet Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, CHU Clermont Ferrand, France). None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brugnon
- Assistance Médicale á la Procréation, CECOS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, place Aubrac, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
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Zobeiri F, Salami S, Sadrkhanlou R, Peirouvi T. Role of Mitochondria in Ciprofloxacin-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Sperm Cells. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1090-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719113477482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zobeiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajabali Sadrkhanlou
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology and Embryology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Peirouvi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Abstract
Annexin-V magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is a new tool to optimize sperm selection in assisted reproduction. The technique is based on the binding of superparamagnetic Annexin-microbeads to externalized phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of sperm with activated apoptosis signaling or membrane damage. The combination of Annexin-V MACS and density gradient centrifugation was demonstrated to enhance clinical pregnancy rates in ICSI cycles. This chapter focuses on the practical details of Annexin-V MACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Grunewald
- EAA Training Center, Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
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Relationship between apoptotic markers in semen from fertile men and demographic, hormonal and seminal characteristics. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:890-6. [PMID: 23064689 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis in the testis has two putative roles during normal spermatogenesis; limitation of the germ cell population to numbers that can be supported by the Sertoli cells, and, possibly, selective depletion of meiotic and postmeiotic abnormal germ cells. We investigated the demographic and biological correlates of the pro-apoptotic marker Fas and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-xL in sperm cells of fertile men. Six hundred and four men from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine were consecutively enrolled during their pregnant wife's antenatal visits. Semen analysis was performed as recommended by the World Health Organization. Immunofluorescence coupled to flow cytometry was utilized for detection of apoptotic markers in the sperm cell. DNA damage was assessed by flow cytometry using both the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The percentage of Fas-positive sperm cells was higher in men with high total sperm count (P<0.01), more motile sperms (P=0.04) and fewer sperm head defects (P=0.05). These associations were consistent within and across study regions. Furthermore, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sexual hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were significantly negatively correlated with Fas within and across regions as well. The data indicated no association between the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL marker and semen or personal characteristics. The finding of Fas-positive sperm cells associated with better semen quality in a cohort of spouses of pregnant women seems different from previous data obtained in infertile men and warrants further investigation to clarify the biological significance of sperm apoptotic markers.
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Relationship Between Apoptotic-Like Changes in Stored Boar Semen and DNA Fragmentation in Preimplantation Embryos. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10220-012-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Relationship Between Apoptotic-Like Changes in Stored Boar Semen and DNA Fragmentation in Preimplantation EmbryosThe aim of this experiment was to study the relationship between apoptotic-like changes in spermatozoa and DNA fragmentation in embryos obtained after insemination with fresh and stored semen. The ejaculates collected from three boars (five ejaculates from the same boar) were extended in Biosolwens Plus extender and stored for five days at 15-17°C. Semen, both fresh (Day 0) and stored (Day 5) used for insemination was analysed to detect apoptotic-like changes using fluorescence method: an assay to assess early changes in the membrane integrity of the sperm using the YO-PRO-1 fluorophore. After 5.5 days of insemination embryos were flushed out of the uterus and DNA fragmentation using TUNEL was analysed. In the fresh semen an average of 2.7, 3.7 and 6.2% of apoptotic sperm was observed in boar nos. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After five days of storage the percentage of apoptotic sperm significantly increased up to 8.0, 15.7 and 23.2% in each analysed boar. The TUNEL index was 7.1% in the morphologically normal expanded blastocysts obtained after insemination with stored semen, and approximately 1.7% after insemination with fresh semen. A greater number of degenerated embryos and higher incidence of DNA fragmentation in the morphologically normal blastocysts were observed after insemination with stored semen which consists of higher percentage of apoptotic sperm compared to results from insemination with fresh semen.
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Brugnon F, Pons-Rejraji H, Artonne C, Janny L, Grizard G. The limits for detection of activated caspases of spermatozoa by western blot in human semen. Andrologia 2012; 44:265-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Artonne
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction; Université d'Auvergne, Faculté de médecine; Clermont Ferrand; France
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Mendoza N, Casao A, Del Valle I, Serrano E, Nicolau S, Asumpção M, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez J, Pérez-Pé R. Quality characteristics and fertilizing ability of ram sperm subpopulations separated by partition in an aqueous two-phase system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 880:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Evaluation of ubiquitin and annexin V in sperm population selected based on density gradient centrifugation and zeta potential (DGC-Zeta). J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 29:365-71. [PMID: 22183502 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm that bypass natural apoptosis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system may find their way into semen. In order to avoid the insemination of such sperm during an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment, novel sperm selection procedures such as the Zeta procedure have been implemented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate extent of ubiquitination and external phosphatidylserine (EPS) in sperm populations selected by combines density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and Zeta electric potential in comparison to DGC and neat semen samples. METHODS Semen samples were collected from 51 infertile men and divided into control, DGC and DGC-Zeta groups. Semen analysis was carried out according to World Health Organization criteria. The percentages of protamine deficiency, DNA fragmentation, EPS and ubiquitinated sperm were assessed by chromomycin A3 (CMA3), TUNEL, Annexin V, and immunostaining, respectively. RESULTS Sperm selected by the DGC-Zeta procedure presented a lower percentage of sperm with protamine deficiency, abnormal morphology and DNA fragmentation while the percentage of annexin V and ubiquitin-positive sperm increased. CONCLUSION The results of this study reveal that, DGC-Zeta improves the quality of the selected spermatozoa for ICSI and increases ubiquitination and EPS rates. We propose these alterations are part of the normal physiological process of capacitation.
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Almeida C, Cunha M, Ferraz L, Silva J, Barros A, Sousa M. Caspase-3 detection in human testicular spermatozoa from azoospermic and non-azoospermic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e407-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway involvement in a truncated apoptotic cascade associated with motility loss and oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa. Biochem J 2011; 436:687-98. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human spermatozoa are characterized by poor functionality and abundant DNA damage that collude to generate the high incidences of male infertility and miscarriage seen in our species. Although apoptosis has been suggested as a possible cause of poor sperm quality, the ability of these cells to enter an apoptotic state and the factors that might trigger such an event are unresolved. In the present study we provide evidence that the commitment of these cells to apoptosis is negatively regulated by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT. If PI3K activity is inhibited, then spermatozoa default to an apoptotic cascade characterized by rapid motility loss, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, caspase activation in the cytosol, annexin V binding to the cell surface, cytoplasmic vacuolization and oxidative DNA damage. However, the specialized physical architecture of spermatozoa subsequently prevents endonucleases activated during this process from penetrating the sperm nucleus and cleaving the DNA. As a result, DNA fragmentation does not occur as a direct result of apoptosis in spermatozoa as it does in somatic cells, even though oxidative DNA adducts can clearly be detected. We propose that this unusual truncated apoptotic cascade prepares spermatozoa for silent phagocytosis within the female tract and prevents DNA-damaged spermatozoa from participating in fertilization.
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Aziz N, Sharma RK, Mahfouz R, Jha R, Agarwal A. Association of sperm morphology and the sperm deformity index (SDI) with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage inhibition. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2481-4. [PMID: 21507396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis was induced in immature and mature sperm in the presence or absence of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. The association of cleaved (cPARP) with sperm morphology was examined using sperm deformity index (SDI) score. The SDI scores are associated with PARP cleavage as an early marker of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Aziz
- Liverpool Women's Hospital, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hu J, Zhu W, Liu W, Fan L. Factors affecting fecundity among sperm donors: a multivariate analysis. Andrologia 2011; 43:155-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Fluoride-induced apoptosis and gene expression profiling in mice sperm in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1441-52. [PMID: 21340527 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fluoride can induce low sperm quality; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which fluoride exerts its toxic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate ultrastructure, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sperm of mice treated with 150 mg/l NaF for 49 days. Furthermore, microarray analysis was also utilized to characterize the effects of fluoride in gene expression profiling on mice sperm. An increased ROS and a decreased TAC accompanied with distinct morphological changes and significant apoptosis were observed in mice sperm from the fluoride group. Fluoride exposure also significantly elevated the protein expressions of cytochrome c and active caspase-3. In global gene expression profiling, 34 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated genes, which are involved in several sperm biological processes including signal transduction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, electron transport, glycolysis, chemotaxis, spermatogenesis, and sperm capacitation, were significantly differentially expressed. Based on these findings, it was proposed that oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS may trigger sperm apoptosis through mitochondrial impairment, resulting in decreased fertility in mice exposed to fluoride. Microarray analysis also provided several important biological clues for further investigating fluoride-induced damage in sperm morphology and functions.
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Apoptotic-like changes in the spermatozoa of fresh and stored boar semen and the quality of embryos produced in vivo. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 124:90-7. [PMID: 21392900 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the apoptotic-like changes in the spermatozoa of fresh and stored boar semen and to investigate the relationship between this phenomenon and the quality of embryos produced in vivo. The experiments were divided into two series. In the first series, ten ejaculates were collected from five boars, which were crossbreeds of the Polish Landrace and Large White breeds. The semen was stored as a liquid until Day A (the day on which sperm motility decreased to 30%). Three fluorescence methods were used to evaluate semen quality: an assay to assess the early changes in sperm membrane integrity using the fluorophore YO-PRO-1, an assay for phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation across the plasma membrane using fluorescein-labeled annexin-V and the mitochondrial-specific probe JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3' tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) for measuring changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results showed that liquid preservation of boar semen causes apoptotic-like changes in the sperm, and a significant increase in both: apoptotic sperm (YO-PRO-1(+)/PI(-)) and early apoptotic sperm (annexin-V(+)/PI(-)) were observed between Day 0 (fresh semen) and Day A only in semen from three of the five boars. In the second series of experiments, the semen from boar nos. 1, 2, and 3 was selected for insemination of superovulated gilts. The fertilizing capacity of fresh and stored semen with different levels of apoptotic spermatozoa was measured based on the morphology and the number of cells of embryos that were obtained after insemination with this semen. Our studies indicated no significant differences in the fertilization rate of gilts after insemination with fresh and stored semen with increased levels of apoptotic spermatozoa. After insemination with stored semen, a significantly greater number of degenerated embryos were observed, but the morphologically normal blastocysts obtained after insemination with either fresh or stored semen had a similar number of nuclei.
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Chang FW, Sun GH, Cheng YY, Chen IC, Chien HH, Wu GJ. Effects of varicocele upon the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Andrologia 2010; 42:225-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Colin A, Barroso G, Gómez-López N, Duran EH, Oehninger S. The effect of age on the expression of apoptosis biomarkers in human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:2609-14. [PMID: 20542266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of age on the expression of apoptotic biomarkers in human spermatozoa. DESIGN Cross sectional, prospective study. SETTING Academic centers. PATIENT(S) Healthy volunteers with proven fertility, stratified by age (n = 25, range: 20-68 years). INTERVENTION(S) Examination of serum hormone levels and basic semen parameters, and assessment of early (plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine) and late (DNA fragmentation) sperm apoptotic markers by flow cytometry (using Annexin-V binding and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Apoptosis markers. RESULT(S) Advancing male age was significantly and positively correlated with Annexin-V binding results. Although not significant, there was a clear trend for increased DNA fragmentation in the older groups. The age threshold for these observations appears to be 40 years. Advancing male age was positively correlated with FSH and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, and negatively correlated with sperm concentration. CONCLUSION(S) Advancing male age is associated with the expression of early apoptotic markers as evidenced by significantly increased plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine, as well as with a more subtle proportion of sperm carrying DNA fragmentation. This study confirmed that male age is also associated with a decline in sperm concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinne Colin
- Reproductive Health Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Said TM, Gaglani A, Agarwal A. Implication of apoptosis in sperm cryoinjury. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:456-62. [PMID: 20800544 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ongoing physiological phenomenon that has been documented to play a role in male infertility, if deregulated. Caspase activation, externalization of phosphatidylserine, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation are markers of apoptosis found in ejaculated human spermatozoa. These markers appear in excess in subfertile men and functionally incompetent spermatozoa. Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used procedure in the context of assisted reproductive techniques. Cryopreservation and thawing is a procedure that inflicts irreversible injury on human spermatozoa. The damage is manifested by a decrease in recovery of viable spermatozoa with optimum fertilization potential. This review describes the implication of apoptosis as one of the possible mechanisms involved in sperm cryoinjury. Evidence shows significant increase in some apoptosis markers following cryopreservation and thawing. On the other hand, the increase in sperm DNA fragmentation following cryopreservation and thawing requires further investigation. Specific technical measures should be applied to minimize the induction of apoptosis in human spermatozoa during cryopreservation and thawing. These include standardization of freezing protocols and cryoprotectant use. Selection of non-apoptotic spermatozoa may also prove to be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Said
- The Toronto Institute for Reproductive Medicine - ReproMed, 56 Aberfoyle Crescent, Toronto, ON, Canada M8X2W4
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Brugnon F, Janny L, Communal Y, Darcha C, Szczepaniak C, Pellestor F, Vago P, Pons-Rejraji H, Artonne C, Grizard G. Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier patients. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1631-42. [PMID: 20472914 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Brugnon
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, EA 975, F-63001 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
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Grunewald S, Sharma R, Paasch U, Glander HJ, Agarwal A. Impact of caspase activation in human spermatozoa. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 72:878-88. [PMID: 19455684 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are central components in the apoptosis signaling cascade. The family of cysteine proteases transduces and enhances the apoptosis signal, and activation of effector caspases results in controlled cellular degradation. Although initially the presence of caspases in spermatozoa was controversially discussed in recent years, many studies demonstrated their activation in male germ cells. Activated apoptosis signaling results in decreased fertilizing capacity of the sperm. This review presents the current knowledge on the role of caspases in human sperm. Techniques of caspase monitoring are highlighted. With regard to the high impact of caspases on the sperm fertilizing potential, physiological and pathological settings of caspase activation and inactivation are discussed. Finally, the effects of depletion of caspase-positive sperm are shown with various standard and molecular sperm preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Grunewald
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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