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Guo X, Li J, Qi Y, Chen J, Jiang M, Zhu L, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang G, Wang X. Telomere length and micronuclei trajectories in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Correlating with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis in a sexually dimorphic manner. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14121. [PMID: 38450924 PMCID: PMC11113262 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated that genome instability is accumulated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the specific types of genome instability linked to AD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report the first characterization of the age- and sex-related trajectories of telomere length (TL) and micronuclei in APP/PS1 mice model and wild-type (WT) controls (C57BL/6). TL was measured in brain (prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, pituitary gland, and hippocampus), colon and skin, and MN was measured in bone marrow in 6- to 14-month-old mice. Variation in TL was attributable to tissue type, age, genotype and, to a lesser extent, sex. Compared to WT, APP/PS1 had a significantly shorter baseline TL across all examined tissues. TL was inversely associated with age in both genotypes and TL shortening was accelerated in brain of APP/PS1. Age-related increase of micronuclei was observed in both genotypes but was accelerated in APP/PS1. We integrated TL and micronuclei data with data on cognition performance and brain amyloidosis. TL and micronuclei were linearly correlated with cognition performance or Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in both genotypes but to a greater extent in APP/PS1. These associations in APP/PS1 mice were dominantly driven by females. Together, our findings provide foundational knowledge to infer the TL and micronuclei trajectories in APP/PS1 mice during disease progression, and strongly support that TL attrition and micronucleation are tightly associated with AD pathogenesis in a female-biased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yanmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Juanlin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Minyan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Lina Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Zetong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Gongwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
- Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell TherapyTaizhouZhejiangChina
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Yadav V, Fuentes JL, Krishnan A, Singh N, Vohora D. Guidance for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring anti-genotoxicity. Life Sci 2024; 337:122341. [PMID: 38101613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage can occur spontaneously or be produced by the environmental genotoxins in living cells, it is important to investigate compounds that can reverse or protect DNA damage. An appropriate methodology is essential for the responsive identification of protection offered against DNA damage. This review includes information on the current state of knowledge on prokaryotic cell-based assays (SOS chromotest, umu test, vitotox assay) and cytogenetic techniques (micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration test and sister chromatid exchange assay) with an emphasis on the possibility to explore genoprotective compounds. Throughout the last decade, studies have extrapolated the scientific methodologies utilized for genotoxicity to assess genoprotective compounds. Therefore, shortcomings of genotoxicity studies are also mirrored in antigenotoxicity studies. While regulatory authorities around the world (OECD, US-EPA and ICH) continue to update diverse genotoxic assay strategies, there are still no clear guidelines/approaches for efficient experimental design to screen genoprotective compounds. As a consequence, non-synergetic and inconsistent implementation of the test method by the researchers to execute such simulations has been adopted, which inevitably results in unreliable findings. The review has made the first attempt to collect various facets of experimentally verified approaches for evaluating genoprotective compounds, as well as to acknowledge potential significance and constraints, and further focus on the assessment of end points which are required to validate such action. Henceforth, the review makes an incredible commitment by permitting readers to equate several components of their test arrangement with the provided simplified information, allowing the selection of convenient technique for the predefined compound from a central repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jorge L Fuentes
- School of Biology, Science Faculty, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Hayashi M. Evaluation and interpretation of cytogenetic test results based on biological relevance. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 891:503693. [PMID: 37770149 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation and interpretation of cytogenetic test data are discussed from the perspective of biological relevance. The reliability of tests must be considered, before evaluation and interpretation. Statistical procedures are important for the evaluation of test data, but for human health risk assessment, biological relevance is essential. Cell culture conditions must be carefully considered. Cells must be healthy in the physiologically controlled culture medium. Osmolality, pH, and temperature are critical factors in keeping the culture medium physiologically normal and avoiding artifactual responses. Careful attention must be paid to the exposure of test chemicals to target cells, in both in vitro and in vivo tests. For in vivo tests, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are critical issues that affect the exposure of the target cells to the test chemical. The dose-response relationship and reproducibility are also critical factors in biological reliability. I also discuss why so many chemicals show positive results in in vitro cytogenetic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hayashi
- makoto international consulting, 4-23-3-1, Kami-imaizumi, Ebina 243-0431, Japan.
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Ohyama W, Fujiishi Y, Okada E, Narumi K, Hayashi M. Micronucleus test using formalin-fixed rat glandular stomach and colon. Genes Environ 2023; 45:4. [PMID: 36639788 PMCID: PMC9840323 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotoxicity in tissues other than hematopoietic tissues, such as the liver and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is an important focus in the risk assessment of chemicals in humans. We previously developed a rat micronucleus test for the GI tract, which is the first contact tissue where chemicals are introduced into the body through oral exposure. Target cells were obtained from fresh tissue samples by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) treatment. As an improvement to this method, we have used formalin-fixed tissues instead of fresh tissues; this approach can be used for tissues that are sampled from other toxicological tests and that are archived for several years. This new method can be used for examining micronucleus induction retrospectively when needed. In the present study, we compared the performance of the EDTA method and the new method with formalin-fixed tissues (formalin-fixation method). RESULTS Histological examination showed that both the EDTA and formalin-fixation methods could be used for collecting cells located in or above the proliferative zone of the GI tract tissues of rats. In addition, the collected cells were similar in shape. We conducted micronucleus tests with rat GI tract tissues by the two methods using model chemicals, which were used as positive control chemicals (a combination of diethylnitrosamine, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, and potassium bromate). The two methods showed similar results. We additionally evaluated the aging effect of tissues stored in formalin fixative. The results showed that 1 year of storage did not affect the frequency of micronucleated cells. CONCLUSION The equivalence of the EDTA and formalin-fixation methods was confirmed, and micronucleus analysis was possible up to at least 1 year after formalin fixation of the GI tract, indicating that the formalin-fixation method is valuable for the rat GI tract micronucleus test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Ohyama
- grid.433815.80000 0004 0642 4437Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - Yohei Fujiishi
- grid.433815.80000 0004 0642 4437Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- grid.433815.80000 0004 0642 4437Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - Kazunori Narumi
- grid.433815.80000 0004 0642 4437Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650 Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- makoto international consulting, 4-23-3-1, Kamiimaizumi, Ebina-shi, Kanagawa 243-0431 Japan
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Thompson CM, Aardema MJ, Heintz MM, MacGregor JT, Young RR. A review of mammalian in vivo genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium: implications for oral carcinogenicity risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:820-849. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sun CC, Zhao S, Chu LL, Zhang SY, Li YL, Sun MF, Wang QN, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Gao L, Xu DX, Zhang SC, Xu T, Zhao LL. Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate disrupts placental growth in a dual blocking mode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126815. [PMID: 34396966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer. Maternal DEHP exposure inhibits cell proliferation and reduces placentas size, which associates with fetal growth restriction and adulthood diseases. However, the mechanism of placental cell proliferation inhibition by DEHP remains elusive. This study investigated the effect of DEHP on placental cell proliferation from cell cycle arrest. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo experiments, we investigated cell cycle arrest, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, genotoxic stress response, and micronuclei formation. Most DEHP metabolizes to mono (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and distributes to organs quickly, so MEHP and DEHP were used in cultured cell and animal experiments, respectively. Here, a double blocking mode for the proliferation inhibition of the placental cell was revealed. One is that the classical DSB repair pathways were suppressed, which arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The other is that DEHP stimulated an elevated level of progesterone, which blocked the cell cycle at metaphase by disrupting chromosome arrangement. These two sets of events facilitated micronuclei formation and resulted in cell proliferation inhibition. This findings provide a novel mechanistic understanding for DEHP to inhibit placental cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; Tongxiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ling-Luo Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shan-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mei-Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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A MATLAB-based program for three-dimensional quantitative analysis of micronuclei reveals that neuroinflammation induces micronuclei formation in the brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18360. [PMID: 34526560 PMCID: PMC8443747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The micronucleus is known to be a biomarker for genomic instability, which is a hallmark of tumors and aging. Normally, micronuclei are produced by segregation errors and mechanical stresses arising from dividing or migrating cells, leading to activation of the innate immune response pathway. Although micronuclei often emerge in damaged tissues, the quantitative procedure for analyzing micronuclei accurately has been problematic. Here, we introduce a novel MATLAB-based program for quantifying micronuclei (CAMDi: calculating automatic micronuclei distinction) in vitro and in vivo. CAMDi is adaptable to various experimental imaging techniques and is useful for obtaining reproducible data. CAMDi enables us to measure the accurate size of micronuclei from the three-dimensional images. Using CAMDi, we revealed a novel link between the emergence of micronuclei and neuroinflammation. We found that inflammatory stimulation does not increase the number of micronuclei in primary neurons. On the other hand, the administration of lipopolysaccharide into mice slightly increases micronuclei formation in neurons of the hippocampus region. These findings demonstrate that neuronal micronuclei formations are induced by an inflammatory response in a non-cell-autonomous manner. We provide a novel tool, CAMDi, to quantify micronuclei and demonstrate that neuronal micronuclei are produced not only by the cell-autonomous process but also by the intercellular communication associated with neuroinflammation in vivo.
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Antigenotoxic Effects and Possible Mechanism of Red Yeast ( Sporidiobolus pararoseus) on Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Mutagenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050734. [PMID: 34069188 PMCID: PMC8156261 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Red yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus), obtained from glycerol waste in the biodiesel process, has been used as a mycotoxin sorbent in some agricultural products. This study focused on the antigenotoxic effects of red yeast on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced mutagenesis, using a Salmonella mutation assay and a rat liver micronucleus test. Red yeast was sequentially extracted to obtain hexane, acetone, hot water, and residue fractions. Carbohydrates were mainly found in hot water extract (HWE), while proteins were observed in the residue fraction. The amount of lycopene in hexane extract (HE) was higher than the amount of β-carotene in HE. All red yeast extracts were not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 under the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Among the extracts obtained from red yeast, HE presented the strongest antimutagenicity against AFB1-induced mutagenesis in both strains, but HWE did not show any antimutagenicity. The oral administration of red yeast, HE, and HWE for 28 days was further investigated in rats. These extracts did not induce micronucleated hepatocytes. Furthermore, they modulated the activities of some detoxifying enzymes but did not alter the activities of various cytochrome P450 isozymes. Notably, they significantly decreased hepatic micronucleus formation in AFB1-initiated rats. HE altered the activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase but did not affect its protein expression. Taken together, the antigenotoxicity of red yeast against AFB1-induced mutagenesis might be partly due to the modulation of some detoxifying enzymes in AFB1 metabolism. β-Carotene and lycopene might be promising antigenotoxic compounds in red yeast.
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Arellano-García ME, Izaguirre-Pérez ME, Molina-Noyola LD, Castañeda-Yslas IY, Luna-Vázquez-Gómez R, Torres-Bugarín O. Genetic Instability of a Polydactyl Hypopigmented Cat With Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:258. [PMID: 32528983 PMCID: PMC7247834 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydactyly, hypopigmentation, and squamous cell carcinoma are common in cats. However, a cat exhibiting all of these conditions has not yet been reported. This study presents the case of a 14- year-old male Mexican cat, hypopigmented, with supernumerary fingers, two preaxial and one on each posterior limb, admitted to the clinic with a lesion in the left periocular region. The cat was subjected to a general physical examination, blood, and urine chemistry, as well as a biopsy and genomic instability assessment with an analysis of the red blood cells (RBC) micronucleated erythrocytes (RBC-MNE) in the peripheral blood. The biopsy was positive for squamous cell carcinoma, and the RBC-MNE count (8.6 MNE/1000 erythrocytes) was high compared to that previously described in other domestic cats or wild cats. Thus, the genomic instability of the RBC-MNE could be used as an indicator to identify clinical conditions of felines, particularly those with one of the characteristics exhibited by this Mexican cat. The RBC-MNE test is the most widely used in the world for the evaluation of DNA damage, but to our knowledge, it has not been used to identify vulnerable non-human specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Evarista Arellano-García
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | | | - Idalia Yazmín Castañeda-Yslas
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Roberto Luna-Vázquez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Olivia Torres-Bugarín
- Programa Internacional de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
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Hori H, Shimoyoshi S, Tanaka Y, Fujii W, Kitagawa Y, Hayashi M. Target-specific micronucleus induction by colon carcinogens: 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 112:104578. [PMID: 31935482 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity occurring at the target organs of carcinogenesis is important for understanding the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenicity and also for setting of threshold estimation. In vivo gene mutations have been evaluated by transgenic animal models in which any organ can be targeted; however, the methodologies that have been applied to assess chromosomal aberrations including micronucleus induction, are organ restricted, (often to bone marrow hematopoietic cells, as a common example). For food and food-related chemicals, the digestive tract is the important target organ as it is the organ of first contact. In the present study, we used 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) as model chemicals of carcinogens primarily targeting the colon. We evaluated the applicability of colon cells and hepatocytes, together with bone marrow cells, in the micronucleus assay. Both model chemicals induced micronuclei in the colon, which is the target organ of these carcinogens, after short- and long-term treatment(s). The results demonstrate the target specificity of micronucleus induction and the assay using organs other than bone marrow will play an important role in understanding the mechanism of carcinogenicity and predicting new carcinogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Hori
- Suntory MONOZUKURI Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Satomi Shimoyoshi
- Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Suntory MONOZUKURI Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Suntory MONOZUKURI Expert Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Makoto International Consulting, 23-3-1, 4-chome, Kami-imaizumi, Ebina, 243-0431, Japan
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Multiple-endpoint genotoxicity assay for colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Mutat Res 2019; 849:503130. [PMID: 32087857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.503130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human risk assessment of the toxic potency of chemicals typically includes genotoxicity assays for predicting carcinogenicity. Gene mutation frequency and chromosomal aberration are two major genotoxicity endpoints in standardized in vitro and in vivo assays. The weight-of-evidence approach in risk assessment is more focused on in vivo assay results; however, animal welfare considerations are aimed at the reduction, replacement, and refinement (3R's) of animal experiments, including a reduction in the number of experimental animals. Proposals to reduce experimental animals in genotoxicity testing include the incorporation of genotoxicity endpoint(s) into other toxicological studies and the combination of two or more assays detecting different genotoxicity endpoints in the same animals. In this study, we used 1,2-dimethylhydrazine as a model chemical of colon carcinogen to assess gene mutation frequency and chromosomal aberration in vivo simultaneously. Specifically, a gene mutation frequency assay was combined with a multiple-organ micronucleus test (peripheral blood, bone marrow, liver, and colon) in F344 gpt delta transgenic rats. Both gpt mutant frequency and micronucleated cell frequency significantly increased in colon and liver but not in bone marrow. Interestingly, we found that the colon carcinogen induced both gene mutations and micronuclei in the targeted colon tissue. Thus, we demonstrated that the mechanism of a carcinogen could be derived from an animal experiment using a lower number of experimental animals as currently recommended. Moreover, a significant increase in mutant frequency in colon and liver was already observed on the first day after treatment completion, as well as on the third day, which is the guideline-recommended period. Thus, this endpoint is compatible with other genotoxicity assays. We confirmed that performing the micronucleus assay in combination with a gene mutation assay in F344 gpt delta transgenic rats is useful to evaluate different genotoxic endpoints simultaneously in the same animals, which reduces the number of experimental animals.
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Evaluation of a 28-day repeated-dose micronucleus test in rat glandular stomach, colon, and liver using gastrointestinal tract-targeted genotoxic-carcinogens and non-carcinogens. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 844:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The presence of genotoxic agents in the environment may cause chromosomal mutations through different mechanisms, which are associated with serious health effects. Genotoxicity is commonly evaluated for the chemical safety assessment, in which the in vivo micronucleus test is paid more attention in the field of genotoxicity as compared to other toxicological endpoints. This assay is an in vivo cytogenetic test which uses erythrocytes in the bone marrow of rodents to detect chemical damage to the chromosomes or mitotic apparatus of mammalian cells. At the time of erythroblast development into a polychromatic erythrocyte (PCEs) in bone marrow, the main nucleus is extruded, so any micronucleus (MN) that has been formed may remain behind in the otherwise anucleated cytoplasm. The damage in the chromosome appears as a small additional nucleus and is readily identifiable by light microscope. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCEs) in treated animals is an indication of genotoxicity.
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Matsuda S, Wanibuchi S, Kasahara T. Quantitative analysis of γH2AX reveals distinct responses in multiple mouse organs after administration of mitomycin C or ethyl methanesulfonate. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:371-378. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Matsuda
- Safety Evaluation Center, Ecology and Quality Management Division, CSR Division, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wanibuchi
- Safety Evaluation Center, Ecology and Quality Management Division, CSR Division, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kasahara
- Safety Evaluation Center, Ecology and Quality Management Division, CSR Division, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Anwar S, Madkor HR, Ahmed N, Wagih ME. In vivo anticlastogenic effect of silymarin from milk thistle Silybum marianum L. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:108-115. [PMID: 30166747 PMCID: PMC6106120 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_660_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silymarin, extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle), is traditionally used for treating various illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and renal problems. Acute cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies have been reported with ambiguous outcomes; however, its relevant anticlastogenic potential is not yet evaluated. This study was aimed to evaluate in vivo subacute anticlastogenic properties of silymarin to validate its use as a medicinal agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silymarin was isolated from seeds of milk thistle. Various genotoxicity bioassays of silymarin were performed using mice. First, the bone marrow cell proliferation was estimated by calculating mitotic index. Second, the chromosomal abnormalities in mice bone marrow cells were studied. Third, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE) test and in vivo activation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were carried out in mice bone marrow cells. Finally, primary spermatocytes were analyzed to estimate genotoxic effect of silymarin on germ cells. RESULTS We found that silymarin is capable of inducing a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in cell proliferation of bone marrow cells. There is no increase in chromosomal aberrations following silymarin treatments. Results clearly showed that it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the MPE. Likewise, it was found to be a negative inducer of SCEs. It decreased in total abnormal metaphase, SCEs, MPE, and aberrant diakinesis. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that silymarin has a strong anticlastogenic activity upon mice genome in somatic and germ cells, indicating its safe use as a medicinal substance. Furthermore, it is not only safe but also has protective effect from clastogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafez R. Madkor
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nafees Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan lagoon selatan, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Benvindo-Souza M, Assis RA, Oliveira EAS, Borges RE, Santos LRDS. The micronucleus test for the oral mucosa: global trends and new questions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27724-27730. [PMID: 29152700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews global trends in the publication of papers on the micronucleus test of the exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa in mammals as an approach for environmental biomonitoring. This test has been widely used due to its precision for the detection of chromosome damage. Our temporal analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the publication of papers on the oral mucosa over the past 33 years. Brazil was the country that published most papers (24% of the total), followed by India (16%), the USA (10%), Mexico (7%), and Turkey (6%). A further 30 countries contributed the other 37% of the papers. Overall, 99% of the micronucleus studies involved human subjects, and only 1% involved other mammals. As many wild mammals are subject to the same environmental pressures as humans, in particular chemical pollution, it seems likely that many species are equally susceptible to genotoxicogical damage. We emphasize the importance of applying this technique to the analysis of the oral mucosa of wild mammals, as well as the evaluation of its effectiveness, as observed in humans, and the expansion of the available approaches to the monitoring of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves Assis
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Eliane Andreia Santos Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rinneu Elias Borges
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, CEP: 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
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Ji Z, Ball NS, LeBaron MJ. Global regulatory requirements for mutagenicity assessment in the registration of industrial chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:345-353. [PMID: 28543740 DOI: 10.1002/em.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenicity is an important toxicological endpoint that requires thorough evaluation during the industrial chemical registration process. Regulatory requirements for mutagenicity assessment in registration of industrial chemicals vary in geographic regions (and in some cases by intended application). Here we compile the mutagenicity testing requirements for registration of industrial chemicals from representative geographic regions (in alphabetical order), that is Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European Union (EU), India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and United States (US). We further discuss the challenges that industry is facing to meet global regulations, for example, different testing requirements among geographic regions, different strategies in follow-up tests to in vitro positive findings, no-observed-adverse-effect-levels in genetic toxicity testing, and human relevance of mutagenicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:345-353, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Ji
- Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
| | - Nicholas S Ball
- Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
| | - Matthew J LeBaron
- Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
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Takeiri A, Tanaka K, Harada A, Matsuzaki K, Yano M, Motoyama S, Katoh C, Mishima M. Giemsa-stained pseudo-micronuclei in rat skin treated with vitamin D 3 analog, pefcalcitol. Genes Environ 2017; 39:17. [PMID: 28580039 PMCID: PMC5452393 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-017-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pefcalcitol, an analog of vitamin D3 (VD3), is an anti-psoriatic drug candidate that is designed to achieve much higher pharmacological effects, such as keratinocyte differentiation, than those of VD3, with fewer side effects. Genotoxicity of the compound was evaluated in a rat skin micronucleus (MN) test. Results In the rat skin MN test, pefcalcitol showed positive when specimens were stained with Giemsa, whereas neither an in vitro chromosome aberration test in CHL cells nor an in vivo bone marrow MN test in rats indicated clastogenicity. To elucidate the causes of the discrepancy, the MN specimens were re-stained with acridine orange (AO), a fluorescent dye specific to nucleic acid, and the in vivo clastogenicity of the compound in rat skin was re-evaluated. The MN-like granules that had been stained by Giemsa were not stained by AO, and AO-stained specimens indicated that pefcalcitol did not increase the frequency of micronucleated (MNed) cells. Histopathological evaluation suggested that the MN-like granules in the epidermis were keratohyalin granules contained in keratinocytes, which had highly proliferated after treatment with pefcalcitol. Conclusions Pefcalcitol was concluded to be negative in the rat skin MN test. The present study demonstrated that Giemsa staining gave a misleading positive result in the skin MN test, because Giemsa stained keratohyalin granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takeiri
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Asako Harada
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Kaori Matsuzaki
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Mariko Yano
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Shigeki Motoyama
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Chie Katoh
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
| | - Masayuki Mishima
- Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513 Japan
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Kimoto T, Kay JE, Li N, Engelward BP. Recombinant cells in the lung increase with age via de novo recombination events and clonal expansion. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:135-145. [PMID: 28370323 PMCID: PMC5827959 DOI: 10.1002/em.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a critical DNA repair pathway, which is usually error-free, but can sometimes lead to cancer-promoting mutations. Despite the importance of HR as a driver of mutations, the spontaneous frequency of such mutations has proven difficult to study. To gain insight to location, cell type, and subsequent proliferation of mutated cells, we used the Rosa26 Direct Repeat (RaDR) mice for in situ detection and quantification of recombinant cells in the lung. We developed a method for automated enumeration of recombinant cells in lung tissue using the Metafer 4 slide-scanning platform. The mean spontaneous HR frequencies of the lung tissue in young and aged mice were 2 × 10-6 and 30 × 10-6 , respectively, which is consistent with our previous reports that mutated cells accumulate with age. In addition, by using the capability of Metafer 4 to mark the position of fluorescent cells, we found that recombinant cells from the aged mice formed clusters in the lung tissue, likely due to clonal expansion of a single mutant cell. The recombinant cells primarily consisted of alveolar epithelial type II or club (previously known as Clara) cells, both of which have the potential to give rise to cancer. This approach to tissue image analysis reveals the location and cell types that have undergone HR. Being able to quantify mutant cells in situ within lung tissue opens doors to studies of exposure-induced mutations and clonal expansion, giving rise to new opportunities for understanding how genetic and environmental factors cause tumorigenic mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:135-145, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kimoto
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jennifer E. Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Na Li
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4 Level 3, 117597, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Group, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Bevin P. Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Shruthi S, Vijayalaxmi K. Antigenotoxic effects of a polyherbal drug septilin against the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:563-571. [PMID: 28959580 PMCID: PMC5615931 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Septilin (Spt) is a polyherbal drug formulation from Himalaya Drug Company, consisting of extracts from different medicinal plants and minerals. In the traditional system of medicine, septilin is being used as immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, the protective effects of septilin against the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) a widely used alkylating anticancer drug was evaluated by using in vivo micronucleus (MN) and sperm shape abnormality assays in Swiss albino mice. CP administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. was used as positive mutagen. Different doses of septilin viz., 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered for 5 consecutive days. CP was administered intraperitoneally on 5th day. MN and sperm preparations were made after 24 h and 35 days respectively. CP induced significant MN in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells and also a high frequency of abnormal sperms. In septilin supplemented animals, no significant induction of MN and abnormal sperms was recorded. In septilin supplemented groups, a dose dependent significant decrease in CP induced clastogenicity was observed. Thus the current in vivo study revealed the antigenotoxic effects of septilin against CP induced damage, in both somatic and germ cells of Swiss albino mice.
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Key Words
- A, amorphous
- Antigenotoxic
- B, banana shaped
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose
- CP, cyclophosphamide
- Cyclophosphamide
- DH, double headed
- DT, double tailed
- F, folded
- H, hookless
- MN, micronucleus
- MNNCE, micronucleus in normochromatic erythrocytes
- MNPCE, micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes
- Micronucleus test
- NCE, normochromatic erythrocytes
- PCE, polychromatic erythrocytes
- Septilin
- Sperm abnormality
- Spt, septilin
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shruthi
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, D.K., India
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Thompson CM, Bichteler A, Rager JE, Suh M, Proctor DM, Haws LC, Harris MA. Comparison of in vivo genotoxic and carcinogenic potency to augment mode of action analysis: Case study with hexavalent chromium. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 800-801:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shimada K, Yamamoto M, Takashima M, Seki J, Miyamae Y, Wakata A. Prolonged rest period enables the detection of micronucleated hepatocytes in the liver of young adult rats after a single dose of diethylnitrosamine or mitomycin C. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 791:38-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Morita T, Uno Y, Honma M, Kojima H, Hayashi M, Tice RR, Corvi R, Schechtman L. The JaCVAM international validation study on the in vivo comet assay: Selection of test chemicals. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ogawa I, Hagioa S, Furukawa S, Abe M, Kuroda Y, Hayashi S, Wako Y, Kawasako K. Evaluation of repeated dose micronucleus assays of the liver using N-nitrosopyrrolidine: a report of the collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMS.MMS. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:25-30. [PMID: 26065307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The repeated dose liver micronucleus (RDLMN) assay has the potential to detect liver carcinogens, and can be integrated into a general toxicological study. To assess the performance of the assay, N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, was tested in 14- or 28-day RDLMN assays. NPYR was orally administered to rats at a daily dose of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg. One day after the last administration, a portion of the liver was removed and hepatocyte micronucleus (MN) specimens were prepared by the new method recently established by Narumi et al. In addition, a bone marrow MN assay and a histopathological examination of the liver were conducted. The detection of Phospho-Histone H3 was performed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the proliferation rate of hepatocytes. The results showed significant increase in the number of micronucleated hepatocytes and Phospho-Histone H3-positive cells from the lowest dose in both 14- and 28-day RDLMN assays. On the other hand, the bone marrow MN assay yielded a negative result, which was in accordance with the existing report of the bone marrow MN assay using mice. Upon histopathological examination, inflammatory lesions and hypertrophy were noted, which may explain the increase in the hepatocyte proliferation and the enhancement of MN induction by NPYR. Our findings indicate that the RDLMN assay could be a useful tool for comprehensive risk assessment of carcinogenicity by providing information on both genotoxicity and histopathology when integrated into a general repeat dosing toxicity assay.
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Uno Y, Morita T, Luijten M, Beevers C, Hamada S, Itoh S, Ohyama W, Takasawa H. Micronucleus test in rodent tissues other than liver or erythrocytes: Report of the IWGT working group. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 783:19-22. [PMID: 25953397 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
At the 6th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing, the liver micronucleus test (MNT) working group briefly discussed the MNT using tissues other than liver/erythrocytes. Many tissues other than liver/erythrocytes have been studied, primarily for research purposes. They have included the colon and intestinal epithelium, skin, spleen, lung, stomach, bladder, buccal mucosa, vagina, and fetal/neonatal tissues. These tissues were chosen because they were target sites of carcinogens, and/or relevant to a specific route of exposure. Recently, there has been particular focus on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as it is a contact site associated with high exposure following oral gavage. Furthermore GI tumors are observed with high frequency in human populations. A collaborative study of the rat glandular stomach and colon MNT was conducted in conjunction with a collaborative study of the repeated-dose liver MNT. Based on limited data currently available, the rodent MNT using the glandular stomach and/or colon seems to detect genotoxic carcinogens with GI tract target-organ specificity. The working group concluded that the GI tract MNT would be a promising method to examine clastogenicity or aneugenicity of test chemicals in the stomach and/or colon. Further data will be needed to fully establish the methods, and to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the GI tract MNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shuichi Hamada
- LSI Medience (Formerly Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co.), Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Hironao Takasawa
- LSI Medience (Formerly Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co.), Ibaraki, Japan
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Takayanagi T, Takashima R, Wako Y, Kawasako K, Tanaka Y, Hori H, Fujii W. Repeated dose liver micronucleus assay using clofibrate in young adult rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evaluation of the repeated-dose liver and gastrointestinal tract micronucleus assays with 22 chemicals using young adult rats: Summary of the collaborative study by the Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT)/The Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (JEMS) – Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group (MMS). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:2-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hayashi A, Kosaka M, Kimura A, Wako Y, Kawasako K, Hamada S. Evaluation of the repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay using N-nitrosomorpholine in young adult rats: Report on collaborative study by the Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT)/Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (JEMS)—Mammalian Mutagenicity Study (MMS) Group. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:71-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Okada E, Fujiishi Y, Narumi K, Kado S, Wako Y, Kawasako K, Kaneko K, Ohyama W. Evaluation of repeated dose micronucleus assays of the liver and gastrointestinal tract using potassium bromate: A report of the collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMS.MMS. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shimada K, Yamamoto M, Takashima M, Wako Y, Kawasako K, Aoki Y, Seki J, Miyamae Y, Wakata A. Repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay of mitomycin C in young adult rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:85-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yauk CL, Aardema MJ, Benthem JV, Bishop JB, Dearfield KL, DeMarini DM, Dubrova YE, Honma M, Lupski JR, Marchetti F, Meistrich ML, Pacchierotti F, Stewart J, Waters MD, Douglas GR. Approaches for identifying germ cell mutagens: Report of the 2013 IWGT workshop on germ cell assays(☆). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 783:36-54. [PMID: 25953399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This workshop reviewed the current science to inform and recommend the best evidence-based approaches on the use of germ cell genotoxicity tests. The workshop questions and key outcomes were as follows. (1) Do genotoxicity and mutagenicity assays in somatic cells predict germ cell effects? Limited data suggest that somatic cell tests detect most germ cell mutagens, but there are strong concerns that dictate caution in drawing conclusions. (2) Should germ cell tests be done, and when? If there is evidence that a chemical or its metabolite(s) will not reach target germ cells or gonadal tissue, it is not necessary to conduct germ cell tests, notwithstanding somatic outcomes. However, it was recommended that negative somatic cell mutagens with clear evidence for gonadal exposure and evidence of toxicity in germ cells could be considered for germ cell mutagenicity testing. For somatic mutagens that are known to reach the gonadal compartments and expose germ cells, the chemical could be assumed to be a germ cell mutagen without further testing. Nevertheless, germ cell mutagenicity testing would be needed for quantitative risk assessment. (3) What new assays should be implemented and how? There is an immediate need for research on the application of whole genome sequencing in heritable mutation analysis in humans and animals, and integration of germ cell assays with somatic cell genotoxicity tests. Focus should be on environmental exposures that can cause de novo mutations, particularly newly recognized types of genomic changes. Mutational events, which may occur by exposure of germ cells during embryonic development, should also be investigated. Finally, where there are indications of germ cell toxicity in repeat dose or reproductive toxicology tests, consideration should be given to leveraging those studies to inform of possible germ cell genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Jan van Benthem
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jack B Bishop
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy
| | | | | | - George R Douglas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Uno Y, Morita T, Luijten M, Beevers C, Hamada S, Itoh S, Ohyama W, Takasawa H. Recommended protocols for the liver micronucleus test: Report of the IWGT working group. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 783:13-8. [PMID: 25953396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
At the 6th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT), the liver micronucleus test working group discussed practical aspects of the in vivo rodent liver micronucleus test (LMNT). The group members focused on the three methodologies currently used, i.e., a partial hepatectomy (PH) method, a juvenile/young rat (JR) method, and a repeated-dose (RD) method in adult rodents. Since the liver is the main organ that metabolizes chemicals, the LMNT is expected to detect clastogens, especially those that need metabolic activation in the liver, and aneugens. Based on current data the three methods seem to have a high sensitivity and specificity, but more data, especially on non-genotoxic but toxic substances, would be needed to fully evaluate the test performance. The three methods can be combined with the micronucleus test (MNT) using bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB). The ability of the PH method to detect both clastogens and aneugens has already been established, but the methodology is technically challenging. The JR method is relatively straightforward, but animal metabolism might not be fully comparable to adult animals, and data on aneugens are limited. These two methods also have the advantage of a short testing period. The RD method is also straightforward and can be integrated into repeated-dose (e.g. 2 or 4 weeks) toxicity studies, but again data on aneugens are limited. The working group concluded that the LMNT could be used as a second in vivo test when a relevant positive result in in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity tests is noted (especially under the condition of metabolic activation), and a negative result is observed in the in vivo BM/PB-MNT. The group members discussed LMNT protocols and reached consensus about many aspects of test procedures. However, data gaps as mentioned above remain, and further data are needed to fully establish the LMNT protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shuichi Hamada
- LSI Medience (formerly Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co.), Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Hironao Takasawa
- LSI Medience (formerly Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co.), Ibaraki, Japan
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Šutiaková I, Kovalkovičová N, Šutiak V. Micronucleus assay in bovine lymphocytes after exposure to bisphenol A in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:502-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hagio S, Furukawa S, Abe M, Kuroda Y, Hayashi S, Ogawa I. Repeated dose liver micronucleus assay using adult mice with multiple genotoxicity assays concurrently performed as a combination test. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:437-45. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Hagio
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masayoshi Abe
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Seigo Hayashi
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
| | - Izumi Ogawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
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A four-day oral treatment regimen for simultaneous micronucleus analyses in the glandular stomach, colon, and bone marrow of rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 758:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Álvarez-González I, Vázquez-Sánchez J, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Effect of Spirulina maxima and its protein extract on micronuclei induction by hydroxyurea in pregnant mice and their fetuses. J Med Food 2013; 16:992-6. [PMID: 24175654 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present report was to determine the inhibitory effect of Spirulina maxima (Sm) and its protein extract (PE), mainly consisting of C-phycocyanin, on the increase in micronuclei and bone marrow cytotoxicity induced by hydroxyurea (HU) in pregnant mice and their fetuses. The two tested antimutagenic agents were administered daily from day 10 to day 18 of pregnancy, and HU (300 mg/kg) was administered once on day 16 of the assay. The experimental design also included mice that were administered only Sm or PE (1000 and 400 mg/kg, respectively), two control groups that were administered with vehicles (water and 0.5% Tween 80), and one additional group that was treated solely with HU. Blood samples from the pregnant mice and their fetuses were examined at day 19 of pregnancy. Significant increases in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and in the total number of micronucleated erythrocytes were observed in all HU-treated animals. In contrast, similarly low numbers of micronuclei were observed in the two control groups and in the groups treated with Sm and PE alone. The administration of Sm (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) and PE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to HU-treated animals conferred moderate genotoxic protection (∼30%) and some protection against the cytotoxicity induced by HU in mice. The obtained results provide new information regarding the capacity of the tested agents to confer protection to adult mice and transplacentally, as well as on a specific subclass of micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Álvarez-González
- 1 Laboratorie of Genetics, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico
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Persistence and accumulation of micronucleated hepatocytes in liver of rats after repeated administration of diethylnitrosamine. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alcaraz M, Olmos E, Alcaraz-Saura M, Achel DG, Castillo J. Effect of long-term 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes of mice. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:51-7. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.783851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Thompson CM, Proctor DM, Suh M, Haws LC, Kirman CR, Harris MA. Assessment of the mode of action underlying development of rodent small intestinal tumors following oral exposure to hexavalent chromium and relevance to humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:244-74. [PMID: 23445218 PMCID: PMC3604738 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.768596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Chronic exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water causes intestinal adenomas and carcinomas in mice, but not in rats. Cr(VI) causes damage to intestinal villi and crypt hyperplasia in mice after only one week of exposure. After two years of exposure, intestinal damage and crypt hyperplasia are evident in mice (but not rats), as are intestinal tumors. Although Cr(VI) has genotoxic properties, these findings suggest that intestinal tumors in mice arise as a result of chronic mucosal injury. To better understand the mode of action (MOA) of Cr(VI) in the intestine, a 90-day drinking water study was conducted to collect histological, biochemical, toxicogenomic and pharmacokinetic data in intestinal tissues. Using MOA analyses and human relevance frameworks proposed by national and international regulatory agencies, the weight of evidence supports a cytotoxic MOA with the following key events: (a) absorption of Cr(VI) from the intestinal lumen, (b) toxicity to intestinal villi, (c) crypt regenerative hyperplasia and (d) clonal expansion of mutations within the crypt stem cells, resulting in late onset tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the data supporting each key event in the MOA, as well as data that argue against a mutagenic MOA for Cr(VI)-induced intestinal tumors.
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Identification and Evaluation of Potentially Genotoxic Agricultural and Food-related Chemicals. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2013. [DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rivera N, Rojas M, Zepeda A, Malagón F, Arán VJ, Marrero-Ponce Y, Rivera E, Fortoul TI. In vivogenotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of a novel quinoxalinone with trichomonacide activity. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1493-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rivera
- Laboratorio de Malariología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Marcela Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Armando Zepeda
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Filiberto Malagón
- Laboratorio de Malariología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Vicente J. Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC; c/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid España
| | - Yovani Marrero-Ponce
- Unit of Computer-Aided Molecular “Biosilico” Discovery and Bioinformatic Research, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacy; Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas; Santa Clara 54830 Villa Clara Cuba
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Unidad Cuajimalpa México DF
| | - Teresa I. Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
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Development of a repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay using adult rats: An investigation of diethylnitrosamine and 2,4-diaminotoluene. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:234-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gallardo-Rodríguez J, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F, López-Rosales L, Chisti Y, Molina-Grima E. Bioactives from microalgal dinoflagellates. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1673-84. [PMID: 22884890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellate microalgae are an important source of marine biotoxins. Bioactives from dinoflagellates are attracting increasing attention because of their impact on the safety of seafood and potential uses in biomedical, toxicological and pharmacological research. Here we review the potential applications of dinoflagellate toxins and the methods for producing them. Only sparing quantities of dinoflagellate toxins are generally available and this hinders bioactivity characterization and evaluation in possible applications. Approaches to production of increased quantities of dinoflagellate bioactives are discussed. Although many dinoflagellates are fragile and grow slowly, controlled culture in bioreactors appears to be generally suitable for producing many of the metabolites of interest.
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Lindberg HK, Falck GCM, Catalán J, Koivisto AJ, Suhonen S, Järventaus H, Rossi EM, Nykäsenoja H, Peltonen Y, Moreno C, Alenius H, Tuomi T, Savolainen KM, Norppa H. Genotoxicity of inhaled nanosized TiO2 in mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 745:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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