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Chen B, Shi Y, Sun Y, Lu L, Wang L, Liu Z, Cheng S. Innovations in functional genomics and molecular breeding of pea: exploring advances and opportunities. ABIOTECH 2024; 5:71-93. [PMID: 38576433 PMCID: PMC10987475 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a significant cool-season legume, serving as crucial food sources, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. The advancement of functional genomics over the past two decades has provided substantial theoretical foundations and progress to pea breeding. Notably, the release of the pea reference genome has enhanced our understanding of plant architecture, symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), flowering time, floral organ development, seed development, and stress resistance. However, a considerable gap remains between pea functional genomics and molecular breeding. This review summarizes the current advancements in pea functional genomics and breeding while highlighting the future challenges in pea molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizhi Chen
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen (AGIS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
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Robinson GHJ, Domoney C. Perspectives on the genetic improvement of health- and nutrition-related traits in pea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:353-362. [PMID: 33250319 PMCID: PMC7801860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a widely grown pulse crop that is a source of protein, starch and micronutrients in both human diets and livestock feeds. There is currently a strong global focus on making agriculture and food production systems more sustainable, and pea has one of the smallest carbon footprints of all crops. Multiple genetic loci have been identified that influence pea seed protein content, but protein composition is also important nutritionally. Studies have previously identified gene families encoding individual seed protein classes, now documented in a reference pea genome assembly. Much is also known about loci affecting starch metabolism in pea, with research especially focusing on improving concentrations of resistant starch, which has a positive effect on maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Diversity in natural germplasm for micronutrient concentrations and mineral hyperaccumulation mutants have been discovered, with quantitative trait loci on multiple linkage groups identified for seed micronutrient concentrations. Antinutrients, which affect nutrient bioavailability, must also be considered; mutants in which the concentrations of important antinutrients including phytate and trypsin inhibitors are reduced have already been discovered. Current knowledge on the genetics of nutritional traits in pea will greatly assist with crop improvement for specific end uses, and further identification of genes involved will help advance our knowledge of the control of the synthesis of seed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel H J Robinson
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Domoney
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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3
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of pea protein: Interactions and protein fractions involved in fermentation induced gels and their influence on rheological properties. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Yang Y, Dong A, Zenda T, Liu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Li J, Duan H. DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) proteomic based study on maize filling-kernel stage drought stress-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1827981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Yang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Anyi Dong
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
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Li Y, Sun X, Ma Z, Cui Y, Du C, Xia X, Qian H. Beneficial Influence of Short-Term Germination on Decreasing Allergenicity of Peanut Proteins. J Food Sci 2015; 81:T255-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Zhezhe Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Yan Cui
- Inst. of Agricultural Products Processing; Ningbo Inst. of Agricultural Sciences; Ningbo 315040 China
| | - Chao Du
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Xiuhua Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
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Vitaliti G, Pavone P, Spataro G, Giunta L, Guglielmo F, Falsaperla R. Legumes steam allergy in childhood: Update of the reported cases. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:196-202. [PMID: 24411097 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the prevalence of allergic diseases has deeply increased, with a key role played by food allergies. Legumes seem to play a major role towards the overall increase in the scenario of food allergy, since they are an appreciated source, consumed worldwide, due to their high protein content, variable amounts of lipids and for the presence of vitamins. In literature there are numerous descriptions of adverse reactions after ingestion of uncooked and cooked legumes. Nevertheless, cases of allergic reactions induced by inhaling vapours from cooking legumes have rarely been described. Herein the authors report an update of the literature data on allergic reactions caused by legume steam inhalation, underlying the possible pathogenic mechanism of these atopic events and the knowledge of literature data in paediatric age. The importance of this review is the focus on the clinical aspects concerning legume vapour allergy, referring to literature data in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vitaliti
- Paediatric Operative Unit and Emergency Room, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - P Pavone
- Paediatric Operative Unit and Emergency Room, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Spataro
- Paediatric Operative Unit and Emergency Room, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Giunta
- Paediatric Operative Unit and Emergency Room, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Guglielmo
- Paediatric Operative Unit and Emergency Room, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Italy
| | - R Falsaperla
- Paediatric Operative Unit and Emergency Room, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Italy
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Vitaliti G, Morselli I, Di Stefano V, Lanzafame A, La Rosa M, Leonardi S. Urticaria and anaphylaxis in a child after inhalation of lentil vapours: a case report and literature review. Ital J Pediatr 2012; 38:71. [PMID: 23237421 PMCID: PMC3545729 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among legumes, lentils seem to be the most common legume implicated in pediatric allergic reactions in the Mediterranean area and India, and usually they start early in life, below 4 years of age. CASE REPORT A 22 -month-old child was admitted to our Pediatric Department for anaphylaxis and urticaria. At the age of 9 months she presented a first episode of angioedema and laryngeal obstruction, due to a second assumption of lentils in her diet. At admission we performed routine analyses that were all in the normal range, except for the dosage of specific IgE, that revealed a positive result for lentils. Prick tests too were positive for lentils, while they were all negative for other main food allergens. The child also performed a prick by prick that gave the same positive result (with a wheal of 8 mm of diameter). The child had not previously eaten lentils and other legumes, but her pathological anamnesis highlighted that the allergic reaction appeared soon after the inhalation of cooking lentil vapours when the child entered the kitchen Therefore a diagnosis of lentils vapours allergy was made. CONCLUSIONS Our case shows the peculiarity of a very early onset. In literature there are no data on episodes of anaphylaxis in so young children, considering that our child was already on lentils exclusion diet. Therefore a diet of exclusion does not absolutely preserve patients from allergic reactions, that can develop also after their cooking steams inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vitaliti
- O.U. Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Morselli
- O.U. Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Stefano
- O.U. Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Lanzafame
- O.U. Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario La Rosa
- O.U. Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- O.U. Bronchopneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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8
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The influence of non-enzymatic glycosylation on physicochemical and biological properties of pea globulin 7S. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Seed proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 74:389-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Bourgeois M, Jacquin F, Savois V, Sommerer N, Labas V, Henry C, Burstin J. Dissecting the proteome of pea mature seeds reveals the phenotypic plasticity of seed protein composition. Proteomics 2009; 9:254-71. [PMID: 19086096 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the most cultivated European pulse crop and the pea seeds mainly serve as a protein source for monogastric animals. Because the seed protein composition impacts on seed nutritional value, we aimed at identifying the determinants of its variability. This paper presents the first pea mature seed proteome reference map, which includes 156 identified proteins (http://www.inra.fr/legumbase/peaseedmap/). This map provides a fine dissection of the pea seed storage protein composition revealing a large diversity of storage proteins resulting both from gene diversity and post-translational processing. It gives new insights into the pea storage protein processing (especially 7S globulins) as a possible adaptation towards progressive mobilization of the proteins during germination. The nonstorage seed proteome revealed the presence of proteins involved in seed defense together with proteins preparing germination. The plasticity of the seed proteome was revealed for seeds produced in three successive years of cultivation, and 30% of the spots were affected by environmental variations. This work pinpoints seed proteins most affected by environment, highlighting new targets to stabilize storage protein composition that should be further analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bourgeois
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bretenières, France.
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11
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Kang IH, Srivastava P, Ozias-Akins P, Gallo M. Temporal and spatial expression of the major allergens in developing and germinating peanut seed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:836-45. [PMID: 17468222 PMCID: PMC1914213 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.096933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 are considered to be the major peanut allergens. However, little is known about their temporal and spatial expression during seed development and upon germination and seedling growth. In this study, transcript levels of the three major peanut allergen genes, ara h 1, ara h 2, and ara h 3, and their corresponding proteins were found in all cultivars. Expression patterns were heterogeneous depending on the specific peanut allergen gene and the cultivars tested. However, ara h 3 expression patterns among the cultivars were more variable than ara h 1 and ara h 2. Transcripts were tissue specific, observed in seeds, but not in leaves, flowers, or roots, and were undetectable during seed germination. In situ hybridizations and immunotissue prints revealed that both embryonic axes and cotyledons expressed the allergens. However, more ara h 1 and ara h 3 messenger RNA was detected in cotyledons relative to embryonic axes. Allergen polypeptide degradation patterns were different in embryonic axes compared with cotyledons during germination and seedling growth, with levels of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 dramatically reduced compared to the Ara h 3 polypeptides in embryonic axes. These characterization studies of major peanut allergen genes and their corresponding seed storage proteins can provide the basic information needed for biochemical and molecular approaches to obtain a hypoallergenic peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Ho Kang
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Castillo J, Genovés A, Franco L, Rodrigo MI. A multifunctional bicupin serves as precursor for a chromosomal protein of Pisum sativum seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2005; 56:3159-69. [PMID: 16263906 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The fact that the psp54 gene codes for p16, a seed chromatin protein of Pisum sativum, has been described previously. In the present paper it is shown that p54, the p16 precursor, also exists as a free polypeptide in pea and that it also yields p38, a second polypeptide from the N-terminal region of p54, which is co-localized at a subcellular level with p16. By using antibodies against pea p16 and p38, it was found that these proteins are present in the members of the tribe Viciae examined. Sequence analysis and 3D modelling indicates that p54 proteins belong to the cupin superfamily, and that they are related to sucrose binding proteins and, to a lesser extent, to vicilin-type seed storage proteins. Nevertheless, several distinctive characteristics of psp54 expression have been found: (i) the gene is differentially induced by ABA and several stress situations, in accordance with the presence of putative separate ABA and stress responsive elements in its promoter; (ii) the proteins are present in pods and seed coats, tissues of maternal origin; and (iii) p54 mRNA accumulates in the dry seeds. In view of both the functional properties of p54-derived proteins and the features of the psp54 gene expression, it is concluded that p54 represents a novel class within the cupin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Bernardo AEN, Garcia RN, Adachi M, Angeles JGC, Kaga A, Ishimoto M, Utsumi S, Tecson-Mendoza EM. 8S globulin of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: cloning and characterization of its cDNA isoforms, expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and crystallization of the major recombinant 8S isoform. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2552-2560. [PMID: 15113156 DOI: 10.1021/jf0305938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three isoforms of the cDNA of the major 8S globulin of mungbean, 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta, were isolated, cloned, and characterized. The cDNA sequences of 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta had open reading frames of 1362, 1359 or 1362, and 1359 bp, respectively, which code for 454, 453 or 454, and 453 amino acids corresponding to molecular weights of 51 973, 51 627 or 51 758, and 51 779, respectively. Homology in terms of cDNA and amino acid sequences was 91-92% between 8Salpha and 8Salpha', 87% between 8Salpha and 8Sbeta, and 86-88% between 8Salpha' and 8Sbeta. The signal peptide was found to be 1-25, 1-24 or 25, and 1-23 for 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta, respectively, using the signalP website (Nielsen, H.; Engelbrecht, J.; Brunak, S.; von Heijne, G. Protein Eng. 1997, 10, 1-6). The propeptide was determined to be IVHREN. A single site for glycosylation (N-X-S/T) was observed about 90 amino acids from the C terminus. Homology between mungbean 8S isoforms and other 7-8S proteins ranged from 45 to 68% within members of the legume family and 29 to 34% for crops of different species. The major isoform 8Salpha was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by successive ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and Mono Q column chromatography. The recombinant 8Salpha, but not the native form, was successfully crystallized producing rhombohedral crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Emiliana N Bernardo
- Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna Philippines 4031
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Abstract
Dry beans are an important source of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and certain minerals and vitamins in the human food supply. Among dry beans, Phaseolus beans are cultivated and consumed in the greatest quantity on a worldwide basis. Typically, most dry beans contain 15 to 25% protein on a dry weight basis (dwb). Water-soluble albumins and salt-soluble globulins, respectively, account for up to 10 to 30% and 45 to 70% of the total proteins (dwb). Dry bean albumins are typically composed of several different proteins, including lectins and enzyme inhibitors. A single 7S globulin dominates dry bean salt soluble fraction (globulins) and may account for up to 50 to 55% of the total proteins in the dry beans (dwb). Most dry bean proteins are deficient in sulfur amino acids, methionine, and cysteine, and therefore are of lower nutritional quality when compared with the animal proteins. Despite this limitation, dry beans make a significant contribution to the human dietary protein intake. In bean-based foods, dry bean proteins also serve additional functions that may include surface activity, hydration, and hydration-related properties, structure, and certain organoleptic properties. This article is intended to provide an overview of dry bean protein functionality with emphases on nutritional quality and hydration-related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sathe
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Excercise Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1493, USA
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15
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Fabijanski S, Altosaar I, Laurière M, Pernollet JC, Mossé J. Antigenic homologies between oat and wheat globulins. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Construction of a hybrid cDNA encoding a major legumin precursor polypeptide and its expression and localization inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Sánchez-Monge R, Pascual CY, Díaz-Perales A, Fernández-Crespo J, Martín-Esteban M, Salcedo G. Isolation and characterization of relevant allergens from boiled lentils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:955-61. [PMID: 11080720 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentils seem to be the most common legume implicated in pediatric allergic patients in the Mediterranean area. However, no lentil allergen has been isolated and characterized. OBJECTIVE We sought to purify and characterize relevant IgE-binding proteins from boiled lentil extracts. METHODS IgE-binding proteins from crude and boiled lentil extracts were detected with a pool of sera from patients with lentil allergy. Allergens were isolated by gel-filtration chromatography followed by cation- and anion-exchange chromatography or by reverse-phase HPLC. Their characterization included N-terminal amino acid sequencing, complex asparagine-linked glycan detection, specific IgE immunodetection with 22 individual sera from allergic patients, and immunoblot and CAP inhibition assays. RESULTS Heat treatment of lentils produced substantial changes in the SDS-PAGE patterns of whole extracts, mainly a strong increase of 12- to 16-kd bands and a decrease of 25- to 45-kd components. Major IgE-binding proteins from the boiled lentil extract were located in the 12- to 16-kd and 45- to 70-kd ranges. Two allergens of 16 kd, proteins L1 and L2, and another one of 12 kd, protein L3, were purified. N-terminal sequencing indicated that all 3 were related and allowed their identification as gamma-vicilin subunits. Protein L1 was recognized by 68% of the individual sera tested and inhibited 64% of the IgE binding by commercial lentil CAPs. A second type of allergen of 66 kd, named protein H, was also isolated and identified as a seed-specific biotinylated protein. Protein H reacted with 41% of the individual sera and produced 45% inhibition in CAP inhibition assays. CONCLUSIONS Two different types of allergens have been identified in boiled lentils. Those of 12 to 16 kd, called Len c 1, correspond to gamma-vicilin subunits, and those of 66 kd, designated Len c 2, correspond to seed-specific biotinylated protein. Homology with proteins from other legume species can explain potential cross-reactions among these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sánchez-Monge
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Pedrosa C, De Felice FG, Trisciuzzi C, Ferreira ST. Selective neoglycosylation increases the structural stability of vicilin, the 7S storage globulin from pea seeds. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 382:203-10. [PMID: 11068870 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of glycosylation on the stability and subunit interactions of vicilin, the major storage protein in pea seeds, were investigated. Glycosylated vicilin derivatives were prepared by alkylation of lysine epsilon-amino groups with various carbohydrates. Average modification levels of 13.4 +/- 3.0, 11.1 +/- 3.6, 7.5 +/- 4.2, and 4.7 +/- 0.3 moles of carbohydrate/mol of vicilin were obtained with glucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and lactose, respectively. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography indicated that the quaternary structure and hydrodynamic radius of vicilin were not affected by glycosylation at the levels used. We have previously shown that application of hydrostatic pressure causes dissociation of vicilin subunits [C. Pedrosa and S. T. Ferreira (1994) Biochemistry 33, 4046-4055]. Analysis of pressure dissociation data allowed determination of the Gibbs free energy change (deltaG(diss)) and molar volume change (deltaV(diss)) of dissociation of vicilin subunits. For unmodified vicilin, deltaG(diss) = 18.2 kcal/mol and deltaV(diss) = -102 ml/mol. Glycosylated vicilin derivatives were significantly stabilized against subunit dissociation, with deltaG(diss) of 19.4, 19.2, 20.6, and 22.1 kcal/mol for glucose, galactose, lactose, and galacturonic acid derivatives, respectively. No changes in deltaV(diss) were found for the glucose and galactose derivatives, whereas deltaV(diss) of -128 and -135 ml/mol, respectively, were found for the lactose and galacturonic acid derivatives. The glycosylated derivatives also appeared more resistant to unfolding by guanidine hydrochloride than unmodified vicilin. Intrinsic fluorescence lifetime measurements showed that glycosylation caused a significant increase in heterogeneity of the fluorescence decay, possibly reflecting increased conformational heterogeneity of glycosylated derivatives relative to unmodified vicilin. These results indicate that the stability and subunit interactions of vicilin may be modulated by mild, selective glycosylation at low modification levels, an effect that may be of interest in the study of other oligomeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Castillo J, Rodrigo MI, Márquez JA, Zúñiga A, Franco L. A pea nuclear protein that is induced by dehydration belongs to the vicilin superfamily. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:2156-65. [PMID: 10759838 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purification to homogeneity of p16, a protein with an electrophoretic mobility compatible with an apparent molecular mass of 16 kDa, from nuclei of ungerminated pea embryonic axes is described. A cDNA clone of its gene, which was designated psp54, was also isolated. The psp54 cDNA contains an open reading frame coding for a 54.4-kDa polypeptide (p54). p16 corresponds to the C-terminal third of p54, although the mechanisms by which the primary polypeptide could be processed are not yet known. The sequence of p54 is 60% identical with that of the precursor of a sucrose-binding soybean protein, and, to a lesser extent (31-34%), it shares homology with some storage proteins. p16 is also 30% homologous with Nhp2p, a yeast nuclear protein. The psp54 gene, present in a single copy in pea genome, starts being expressed during seed desiccation. Soon after rehydration in seed germination, p54 mRNA disappears and is no longer detectable in vegetative tissues, except in response to hydric stress (exposure to abscisic acid, osmolites or desiccation). p16 can be recovered from nuclei cross-linked to histone H3, when the disulfide bridges that occur in vivo are preserved. On the other hand, p16 shares some properties with dehydrins, which are thought to protect cellular structures against desiccation. We propose that the possible precursor polypeptide p54 belongs to the vicilin superfamily, members of which play a variety of roles. The function of p16 may be related to the protection of chromatin structure against desiccation during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
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21
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Abstract
Vicilin and legumin are the major storage proteins of
Pisum sativum
. Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) have been produced from poly(A)
+
mRNA isolated from developing seeds and specific storage protein cDNAs cloned into pBR322. The amino acid sequences predicted from the cDNA sequences have been compared with the actual amino acid sequences derived from the purified protein subunits. These comparisons have confirmed that the legumin α and β subunits as initially synthesized are covalently joined together and that a small peptide is subsequently removed by endoproteolysis to give the disulphide linked subunits of the mature seed legumins. Similar comparisons between the predicted amino acid sequence of vicilin cDNA clones and the amino acid sequence determined on the isolated subunits has shown that some of the 50000
M
r
type subunits are subsequently cleaved to give three subunits as products, i.e. polypeptides of 19000
M
r
(α), 13500
M
r
(β) and 12500
M
r
or 16000
M
r
if glycosylated (γ). In addition to these three subunits, cleavage at one or other of the two potential cleavage sites, results in a 33000
M
r
polypeptide (α + β) and a 31000
M
r
polypeptide tentatively identified as β + γ. The presence of the sequence Lys-Glu-Asn leads to cleavage on the carboxy side of Asn at the β :γ cleavage site whereas the sequence Gly-Leu-Arg does not lead to cleavage. Comparable sequence data for the α: β processing site do not exist. Comparisons of the cDNA and amino acid sequence disclose the presence of a 15 or 16 amino acid residue vicilin leader sequence as well as a 12 amino acid residue C-terminal peptide which is also removed. The codon usage of the messenger RNAs for the storage proteins are similar to those of other plant proteins and differ somewhat from animal messenger RNAs. Complementary DNAs for specific storage proteins when used to probe different restriction enzyme digests of pea genomic DNA reveal the presence of a small number of legumin and vicilin coding sequences (two to five for legumin and three to seven for vicilin) that occur as single copies except for one vicilin sequence present in two to three copies. Genetic mapping experiments using whole plants locate both the main legumin and the vicilin genes on chromosome 7. The main legumin subunits are coded by genes located at a single Mendelian locus
Lg-1
located on the short arm of chromosome 7 very close to the
rub
locus and the vicilin gene is located 16 map units away close to the
r
locus. Gene libraries prepared with size fractionated partial restriction enzymic digests of pea genomic DNA ligated into both phage λ L47 and phage λ gt wes have led to the isolation of at least three similar but different legumin genomic sequences. Comparison of the λ and cDNA legumin clones suggests the presence of at least one intron in the former. Legumes in general contain two major seed storage protein types, vicilin and legumin (Derbyshire
et al.
1976). Seeds of
Pisum sativum
(L) have significant amounts of both proteins and since a considerable body of knowledge exists about pea physiology and genetics, this species is a good choice for the study of storage protein genes. Peas are also one of the world’s major legume crops. Since the storage proteins are found only in the tissues of the developing seed (Millerd 1975) and then only in significant amounts during the middle and late stages of development, it was suspected from the onset that the genes responsible for the storage protein would belong to the class of developmentally regulated genes, i.e. those that are only switched on in specific tissues over restricted periods of time.
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22
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Abstract
The seed storage proteins of
Pisum
(pea) and
Phaseolus vulgaris
(French bean) exhibit genetic variation for polypeptide structure; genetical studies indicate that most of the major storage protein genes exhibit simple, codominant Mendelian inheritance. Biochemical analysis of the storage protein polypeptides and their messenger RNAs shows that the allelic alternatives are probably small families of closely linked structural genes. Two of these genes - those for the major legumin gene family and for convicilin, both from
Pisum sativum
- have been assigned to specific sites on linkage groups. Genes affecting the synthesis of legumin in
Pisum sativum
and of phaseolin in
Phaseolus vulgaris
have been identified.
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23
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Bailey PC, Lycett GW, Roberts JA. A molecular study of dormancy breaking and germination in seeds of Trollius ledebouri. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 32:559-564. [PMID: 8980507 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA library was generated from seeds of Trollius ledebouri cv. Golden Queen after GA3 treatment. Five clones encoded mRNAs which were down-regulated during dormancy breaking and the initial stages of germination. Two of these showed homology to storage proteins (pPCB3 and pPCB4) and one each to the late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) group 2 dehydrin proteins (pPCB2), a barely glucose dehydrogenase (pPCB6) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily (pPCB7). Transcript levels declined over 8 days in GA3-treated seeds. In dormant imbibed seeds transcript levels were relatively unchanged over the same period except for the PCB3 transcript, the level of which increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bailey
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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24
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Hohl I, Robinson DG, Chrispeels MJ, Hinz G. Transport of storage proteins to the vacuole is mediated by vesicles without a clathrin coat. J Cell Sci 1996; 109 ( Pt 10):2539-50. [PMID: 8923215 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.109.10.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Storage parenchyma cells of developing legume cotyledons actively transport large amounts of storage proteins to protein storage vacuoles (PSV). These proteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum and pass through the Golgi apparatus. Clathrin coated vesicles (CCV) and small electron dense vesicles found near the trans-Golgi network (TGN) have both been implicated in the Golgi-to-vacuole transport step. Recent findings that protein storage cells contain more than one type of vacuole have necessitated a re-examination of the role of both types of vesicles in vacuolar protein transport. Immunoblots of highly purified CCV preparations and immunogold labelling with antibodies to the storage proteins vicilin and legumin, indicate that the dense vesicles, but not the CCV, are involved in storage protein transport in pea cotyledons. This result is supported by the finding that alpha-TIP, a protein characteristic of the PSV membrane, is absent from CCV. In addition, complex glycoproteins appear to be carried by CCV but are not detectable in the PSV. We suggest on the basis of these data that storage proteins and other vacuolar proteins such as acid hydrolases are not sorted by the same mechanism and are transported by different types of vesicles to different types of vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hohl
- Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Jones CG, Tucker GA, Lycett GW. Pattern of expression and characteristics of a cysteine proteinase cDNA from germinating seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1296:13-5. [PMID: 8765223 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(96)00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A thiol proteinase cDNA clone with homology to barley aleurain and rice oryzain gamma and mammalian cathepsin H was isolated from a germinating pea (Pisum saticum L.) cotyledon library. The corresponding mRNA was present in late developing seeds, decreased in dry seeds and rose considerably as germination proceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Jones
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
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26
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Bezerra IC, Castro LA, Neshich G, de Almeida ER, de Sá MF, Mello LV, Monte-Neshich DC. A corm-specific gene encodes tarin, a major globulin of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 28:137-144. [PMID: 7787178 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A gene encoding a globulin from a major taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) corm protein family, tarin (G1, ca. 28 kDa) was isolated from a lambda Charon 35 library, using a cDNA derived from a highly abundant corm-specific mRNA, as probe. The gene, named tar1, and the corresponding cDNA were characterized and compared. No introns were found. The major transcription start site was determined by primer extension analysis. The gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 765 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence indicated a precursor polypeptide of 255 residues that is post-translationally processed into two subunits of about 12.5 kDa each. The deduced protein is 45% homologous to curculin, a sweet-tasting protein found in the fruit pulp of Curculigo latifolia and 40% homologous to a mannose-binding lectin from Galanthus nivalis. Significant similarity was also found at the nucleic acid sequence level with genes encoding lectins from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae and Lilliaceae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Bezerra
- EMBRAPA/National Center of Genetic Resource and Biotechnology, SAIN Parque Rural, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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27
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Heim U, Manteuffel R, Bäumlein H, Steinbiss HH, Wobus U. Transient expression of a lysine-rich vicilin gene ofVicia faba in barley endosperm detected by immunological tissue printing after particle bombardment. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1995; 15:125-128. [PMID: 24185669 DOI: 10.1007/bf01690268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/1995] [Revised: 04/10/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using immunological tissue printing we detected transient expression of a faba bean vicilin gene with or without introns driven by the B1 hordein promoter in barley endosperm after particle bombardment. The described method generally allows the analysis of transient expression of genes without depending on reporter gene constructs and specifically suggests correct splicing of dicot introns by a monocot splicing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Heim
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstr. 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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28
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Allona I, Casado R, Aragoncillo C. Biochemical genetics of a 7S globulin-like protein from Pinus pinaster seed. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:454-459. [PMID: 24186034 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/1993] [Accepted: 09/09/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The megagametophytes of seeds of Pinus pinaster Ait. contain two types of oligomeric globulins of approximately 175 and 190 kDa that are comprised of 47-kDa and 27- and 22-kDa, monomers, respectively, joined by weak interactions. The 27- and 22-kDa components were purified and their N-terminal sequences determined. Both polypeptides were inherited as if they were coded by a single unit of recombination. The results obtained suggest that these two polypeptides originate from a single protein that undergoes proteolytic processing. The characteristics of this P. pinaster globulin indicate that it is a member of the 7S globulin family of seed storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Allona
- Departamento de Bioquímica, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Subirade M, Gueguen J, Schwenke KD. Effect of dissociation and conformational changes on the surface behavior of pea legumin. J Colloid Interface Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90045-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Pang SZ, Rasmussen J, Ye GN, Sanford JC. Use of the signal peptide of Pisum vicilin to translocate beta-glucuronidase in Nicotiana tabacum. Gene 1992; 112:229-34. [PMID: 1555771 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid protein system was used for the study of protein transport in plant cells. A nucleotide sequence (vic) encoding a putative signal peptide of 15 amino acid residues, derived from the published aa sequence of one Pisum vicilin, was synthesized and fused in frame to the gus gene encoding a bacterial cytosolic beta-glucuronidase (GUS). When the hybrid vic::gus gene was expressed in tobacco cells using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, the hybrid GUS protein was targeted to, and glycosylated inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Glycosylation could be blocked with the antibiotic tunicamycin. The study of transient expression in protoplasts showed that extracellular secretion efficiency was low, which may be due to the nature of the GUS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Pang
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
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31
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Spencer ME, Hodge R. Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the major storage proteins of Theobroma cacao : Identification of the proteins as members of the vicilin class of storage proteins. PLANTA 1992; 186:567-76. [PMID: 24186787 DOI: 10.1007/bf00198037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1991] [Accepted: 11/15/1991] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The major storage proteins, polypeptides of 31 and 47 kilodaltons (kDa), from the seeds of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), have been identified and partially purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. The polypeptides were both N-terminally blocked, but some N-terminal amino-acid sequence was obtained from a cyanogen bromide peptide common to both polypeptides, permitting the construction of an oligonucleotide probe. This probe was used to isolate the corresponding copy-DNA (cDNA) clone from a library made from poly(A)(+) RNA from immature cocoa beans. The cDNA sequence has a single major open reading frame, that translates to give a 566-amino-acid polypeptide of Mr 65 612. The existence of a common precursor to the 31- and 47-kDa polypeptides of this size was confirmed by immunoprecipitation from total poly(A)(+)RNA translation products. The precursor has an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence which appears to be a typical signal sequence, with a predicted site of cleavage 20 amino acids after the start. This is followed by a very hydrophilic domain of ∼ 110 amino acids, which, by analogy with the cottonseed α-globulin, is presumed to be cleaved off to leave a domain of approx. 47 kDa, very close to the observed size of the mature polypeptide. Like the hydrophilic domain of the cottonseed α-globulin the cocoa hydrophilic domain is very rich in glutamine and charged residues (especially glutamate), and contains several Cys-X-X-X-Cys motifs. The cyanogen-bromide peptide common to the 47-kDa and 31-kDa polypeptides is very close to the proposed start of the mature domain, indicating that the 31-kDa polypeptide arises via further C-terminal processing. The polypeptide sequence is homologous to sequences of the vicilin class of storage proteins, previously found only in legumes and cotton. Most of these proteins have a mature polypeptide size of approx. 47 kDa, and are synthesised as precursors only slightly larger than this. Some, however, are larger polypeptides (e.g. α-conglycinin from soybean is 72 kDa), usually due to an additional N-terminal domain. In cottonseed the situation appears to parallel that in cocoa in that the vicilin is synthesised as an approx. 70-kDa precursor and then processed to a 47-kDa (and in the case of cocoa also a 31-kDa) mature protein. In this context it is interesting that cotton is closer in evolutionary terms to cocoa than are the legumes, both cotton and cocoa being in the order Malvales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Spencer
- Plant Science Limited, Firth Court, Sheffield University, S10 2TN, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- S Utsumi
- Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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33
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Hara-Nishimura I, Inoue K, Nishimura M. A unique vacuolar processing enzyme responsible for conversion of several proprotein precursors into the mature forms. FEBS Lett 1991; 294:89-93. [PMID: 1743299 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81349-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein precursors of vacuolar components are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum into vacuoles, where they are proteolytically processed into their mature forms. However, the processing mechanism in plant vacuoles is very obscure. Characterization of a purified processing enzyme is required to determine whether a single enzyme is responsible for processing many vacuolar proteins with a large variability of molecular structure. If this is true, how can it recognize the numerous varieties of processing sites? We have now purified a processing enzyme (Mr = 37,000) from castor bean seeds. Our results show that the purified enzyme can process 3 different proproteins isolated from either the endoplasmic reticulum or transport vesicles in cotyledon cells to produce the mature forms of these proteins which are found at different suborganellar locations in the vacuole: the 2S protein found in the soluble matrix, the 11S globulin found in the insoluble crystalloid and the 51 kDa protein associated with the membrane. Thus a single vacuolar processing enzyme is capable of converting several proprotein precursors into their respective mature forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Chee
- Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007
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35
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36
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Domoney C, Casey R. Another class of vicilin gene in Pisum. PLANTA 1990; 182:39-42. [PMID: 24196997 DOI: 10.1007/bf00239981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel class of vicilin gene in Pisum corresponding to a precursor polypeptide of Mr 68000. The mRNA corresponding to this polypeptide accumulates during seed development in a pattern similar to that of convicilin. Hybridization and sequence analyses show that this vicilin gene class is less homologous to other Pisum vicilin gene classes than these last are to each other. Gene-copy-number estimates and decreased stringency hybridizations of the gene class described here show that the Pisum vicilin gene family is bigger and more complex than hitherto reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Domoney
- John Innes Institute, Colney Lane, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK
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37
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Witty M. Preprothaumatin II is processed to biological activity inSolanum tuberosum. Biotechnol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01022429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Deshpande SS, Damodaran S. Conformational characteristics of legume 7S globulins as revealed by circular dichroic, derivative u.v. absorption and fluorescence techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:25-34. [PMID: 2323881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 7S globulin storage proteins, phaseolin, vicilin, and beta-conglycinin of, respectively, dry bean, field pea, and soybean, are highly homologous, have similar predicted protein structures, and yet exhibit considerable differences in their susceptibility to various proteinases [Nielsen, S.S., Deshpande, S.S., Hermodson, M.A. & Scott, M.P. (1988) J. Agric. Food Chem. 36, 896-902]. These differences in their proteolytic behavior were studied in relation to their solution conformational states. The secondary structures of these three proteins determined by far u.v. circular dichroism were characterized by predominantly beta-sheet and beta-turn parameters. However, characterization of tertiary and quaternary structures using second derivative u.v. absorption spectroscopy, surface hydrophobicity using cis-parinaric acid as hydrophobic probe, and fluorescence quenching studies of intrinsic Trp fluorescence using an ionic (iodide) and a neutral (acrylamide) quencher indicated sharp differences in the conformation of these proteins. About 9.6 and 10.2 out of 13 and 15 tyrosyls/subunit of phaseolin and beta-conglycinin, respectively, were exposed to polar solvent, while the surface hydrophobicity varied beta-conglycinin greater than vicilin greater than phaseolin. The Trp residues in phaseolin were not accessible to iodide, while half those of vicilin and beta-conglycinin were quenched. The order of Trp accessibility to acrylamide was vicilin greater than beta-conglycinin greater than phaseolin. The relative compactness of these three proteins based on these studies was related to the observed differences in their susceptibility to various proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Deshpande
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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39
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Belanger FC, Kriz AL. Molecular characterization of the major maize embryo globulin encoded by the glb1 gene. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 91:636-43. [PMID: 16667080 PMCID: PMC1062048 DOI: 10.1104/pp.91.2.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most abundant proteins in maize (Zea mays L.) embryos is the molecular weight 63,000 globulin encoded by the Glb1 gene. To obtain DNA clones corresponding to Glb1, a cDNA library corresponding to RNA from developing maize embryos was constructed in a lambda expression vector and screened with antibodies specific for Glb1-encoded proteins. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence, as determined from two overlapping clones, of pcGlb 1S, a 2009 base pair clone containing the entire translated region of Glb1. The deduced amino acid sequence of pcGlb 1S shows similarities to 7S-type seed storage proteins of wheat and legumes. Southern blot analysis of maize DNA confirms previous genetic studies which had indicated the presence of a single copy of Glb1 per haploid genome. Northern blot analysis indicates that Glb1 transcripts are present throughout most of embryo development and that expression of this gene is limited to seed tissues. Embryos homozygous for a Glb1 null allele, in which Glb1-encoded proteins are not detectable, contain low levels of Glb1 transcripts which are a different size from those encoded by functional alleles. This suggests that the defect in the null allele is at the level of gene transcription or RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Belanger
- Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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40
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Harada JJ, Barker SJ, Goldberg RB. Soybean beta-conglycinin genes are clustered in several DNA regions and are regulated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. THE PLANT CELL 1989; 1:415-25. [PMID: 2562562 PMCID: PMC159773 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.1.4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the chromosomal organization and developmental regulation of soybean beta-conglycinin genes. The beta-conglycinin gene family contains at least 15 members divided into two major groups encoding 2.5-kilobase and 1.7-kilobase embryo mRNAs. beta-Conglycinin genes are clustered in several DNA regions and are highly homologous along their entire lengths. The two groups differ by the presence or absence of specific DNA segments. These DNA segments account for the size differences in beta-conglycinin mRNAs. The 2.5-kilobase and 1.7-kilobase beta-conglycinin mRNAs accumulate and decay at different times during embryogenesis. By contrast, genes encoding these mRNAs are transcriptionally activated and repressed at the same time periods. Our studies indicate that the beta-conglycinin family evolved by both duplication and insertion/deletion events, and that beta-conglycinin gene expression is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Harada
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1606
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41
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Abstract
We have examined codon bias in 207 plant gene sequences collected from Genbank and the literature. When this sample was further divided into 53 monocot and 154 dicot genes, the pattern of relative use of synonymous codons was shown to differ between these taxonomic groups, primarily in the use of G + C in the degenerate third base. Maize and soybean codon bias were examined separately and followed the monocot and dicot codon usage patterns respectively. Codon preference in ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate and chlorophyll a/b binding protein, two of the most abundant proteins in leaves was investigated. These highly expressed are more restricted in their codon usage than plant genes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Murray
- Agrigenetics Advanced Sciences Company, Madison, WI 53713
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42
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43
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Krochko JE, Bewley JD. Use of electrophoretic techniques in determining the composition of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. Electrophoresis 1988; 9:751-63. [PMID: 3250878 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150091111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Holoprotein molecular weights and polypeptide composition can be determined for complex mixtures of oligomeric proteins using two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques. The variety of two-dimensional analyses presented here is a reflection of the general usefulness of each method for the identification and characterization of the different classes of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. These techniques can be applied to studies of storage proteins in other seeds as well as non-seed storage proteins. The major seed storage proteins in alfalfa are medicagin (a legumin-like globulin), alfin (a vicilin-like globulin) and a family of lower molecular weight albumins (LMW1-3). These comprise 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, of the total extractable protein from cotyledons of mature seeds. Alfin is a heterogeneous oligomeric protein (Mr approximately 150,000) composed of polypeptides ranging in size from Mr 14,000 to 50,000 (alpha 1-alpha 6; 50,000, 38,000, 32,000, 20,000, 16,000 and 14,000, respectively). Medicagin is also a high molecular weight oligomeric protein, but requires high concentrations of salt for solubilisation. It is comprised of a family of individually distinct subunits, each composed of an acidic polypeptide (A1-A9; Mr 49,000 to 39,000) linked via disulphide bond(s) to a basic polypeptide (B1, B2, B3; Mr 24,000, 23,000 and 20,000, respectively). This pairing is highly specific and two families are recognizable on the basis of the B polypeptide (B3 or B1/B2). Subunits (Mr approximately 50,000-65,000) are assembled as trimers (8S) or larger oligomers (12S-15S) in mature seeds. The lower molecular weight albumins (LMW1-3) are acidic (pI less than 6), and consist of sets of disulphide-bonded polypeptides (Mr 15,000 and 11,000).
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Krochko
- Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Higgins TJ, Newbigin EJ, Spencer D, Llewellyn DJ, Craig S. The sequence of a pea vicilin gene and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1988; 11:683-95. [PMID: 24272502 DOI: 10.1007/bf00017468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/1988] [Accepted: 08/25/1988] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A 5.5 kb Eco RI fragment containing a vicilin gene was selected from a Pisum sativum genomic library, and the protein-coding region and adjacent 5' and 3' regions were sequenced. A DNA construction comprising this 5.5 kb fragment together with a gene for neomycin phosphotransferase II was stably introduced into tobacco using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector, and the fidelity of expression of the pea vicilin gene in its new host was studied. The seeds of eight transgenic tobacco plants showed a sixteen-fold range in the level of accumulated pea vicilin. The level of accumulation of vicilin protein and mRNA correlated with the number of integrated copies of the vicilin gene. Pea vicilin was confined to the seeds of transgenic tobacco. Using immunogold labelling, vicilin was detected in protein bodies of eight out of ten embryos (axes plus cotyledons) and, at a much lower level, in two out of eleven endosperms. Pea vicilin was synthesized early in tobacco seed development; some molecules were cleaved as is the case in pea seeds, yielding a major parental component of M r∼50000 together with a range of smaller polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Higgins
- Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, GPO Box 1600, 2601, Canberra, Australia
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45
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Bown D, Ellis TH, Gatehouse JA. The sequence of a gene encoding convicilin from pea (Pisum sativum L.) shows that convicilin differs from vicilin by an insertion near the N-terminus. Biochem J 1988; 251:717-26. [PMID: 3415641 PMCID: PMC1149063 DOI: 10.1042/bj2510717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of a gene encoding convicilin, a seed storage protein in pea (Pisum sativum L.), is reported. This gene, designated cvcA, is one of a sub-family of two active genes. The transcription start of cvcA was mapped. Convicilin genes are expressed in developing pea seed cotyledons, with maximum levels of the corresponding mRNA species present at 16-18 days after flowering. The gene sequence shows that convicilin is similar to vicilin, but differs by the insertion of a 121-amino-acid sequence near the N-terminus of the protein. This inserted sequence is very hydrophilic and has a high proportion of charged and acidic residues; it is of a similar amino acid composition to the sequences found near the C-terminal of the alpha-subunit in pea legumin genes, but is not directly homologous with them. Comparison of this sequence with the 'inserted' sequence in soya-bean (Glycine max) conglycinin (a homologous vicilin-type protein) suggests that the two insertions were independent events. The 5' flanking sequence of the gene contains several putative regulatory elements, besides a consensus promoter sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bown
- Department of Botany, University of Durham, U.K
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46
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Watson MD, Lambert N, Delauney A, Yarwood JN, Croy RR, Gatehouse JA, Wright DJ, Boulter D. Isolation and expression of a pea vicilin cDNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 1988; 251:857-64. [PMID: 3046604 PMCID: PMC1149081 DOI: 10.1042/bj2510857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone containing the complete coding sequence for vicilin from pea (Pisum sativum L.) was isolated. It specifies a 50,000-Mr protein that in pea is neither post-translationally processed nor glycosylated. The cDNA clone was expressed in yeast from a 2 micron plasmid by using the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase promoter and initiator codon. The resultant fusion protein, which contains the first 16 amino acid residues of phosphoglycerate kinase in addition to the vicilin sequence, was purified and subsequently characterized. It has slightly slower mobility on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis than standard pea vicilin and forms a mixture of multimers, some of which resemble the native protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Watson
- Department of Botany, University of Durham, U.K
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47
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Yamauchi D, Nakamura K, Asahi T, Minamikawa T. cDNAs for canavalin and concanavalin A from Canavalia gladiata seeds. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA for canavalin and RNA blot analysis of canavalin and concanavalin A mRNAs in developing seeds. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 170:515-20. [PMID: 3338449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By a method of Escherichia coli expression-vector-primed cDNA synthesis, a cDNA expression library was constructed from total poly(A)-rich RNA that was prepared from immature embryos of Canavalia gladiata. Essentially full-length cDNA clones for two seed proteins, canavalin and concanavalin A, were selected from the library by immunological screening of the colonies and in vitro RNA synthesis and translation. The complete amino acid sequence of canavalin was determined from the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding cDNA and was found to be very homologous to 7S seed proteins of other legumes. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA predicts a 26-amino-acid extension in the precursor at the amino terminus of the mature canavalin. Canavalin mRNA and concanavalin A mRNA levels at successive stages of the seed development were estimated by RNA blot hybridization and results indicated that the two mRNA levels are differently regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yamauchi
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
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48
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Abstract
The seeds of plants often contain large amounts of proteins, which are subjected to extensive proteolytic processing during seed development and subsequent germination. One class of legume seed proteins, the Bowman-Birk-type trypsin inhibitors, has proved especially useful as a subject in studying these events. Sequence studies of the trypsin inhibitors from a number of legume species suggest that many of the inhibitors undergo a limited shortening at the amino terminus during seed development. However, during germination, the inhibitors appear to function as storage proteins. As such, they are subjected to extensive proteolysis, ultimately leading to their destruction. This degradative process has been studied extensively in the mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek). Proteolysis of the mung bean trypsin inhibitor involves, at least initially, an ordered sequence of limited proteolytic cleavages. The two proteases involved in the initial phases of this degradation have been identified and partially characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Binghamton
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50
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Weschke W, Bassüner R, Van Hai N, Czihal A, Baümlein H, Wobus U. The Structure of a Vicia faba Vicilin Gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(88)80107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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