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Veiga N, Diesendruck Y, Peer D. Targeted lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics and immunomodulation in leukocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:364-376. [PMID: 32298783 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in leukocytes' function are associated with many immune related disorders, such as cancer, autoimmunity and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Recent developments in Genome-wide-association-studies give rise to new opportunities for novel therapeutics. RNA-based modalities, that allow a selective genetic manipulation in vivo, are powerful tools for personalized medicine, enabling downregulation or expression of relevant proteins. Yet, RNA-based therapeutics requires a delivery modality to facilitate the stability, uptake and intracellular release of the RNA molecules. The use of lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery approach improves the payloads' stability, pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution and therapeutic benefit while reducing side effects. Moreover, a wide variety of targeting moieties allow a precise and modular manipulation of gene expression, together with the ability to identify and selectively affect disease-relevant leukocytes-subsets. Altogether, RNA-based therapeutics, targeting leukocytes subsets, is believed to be one of the most promising therapeutic concepts of the near future, addressing pressing issues in cancer and inflammation heterogeneity.
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Lavigne C, Yelle J, Sauve G, Thierry AR. Is antisense an appropriate nomenclature or design for oligodeoxynucleotides aimed at the inhibition of HIV-1 replication? AAPS PHARMSCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1208/ps040207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Morvan F, Debart F, Vasseur JJ. From anionic to cationic alpha-anomeric oligodeoxynucleotides. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:494-535. [PMID: 20232324 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Morvan
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier 1 and Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC1704, FR-34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Patutina OA, Mironova NL, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA. New approaches for cancer treatment: antitumor drugs based on gene-targeted nucleic acids. Acta Naturae 2009; 1:44-60. [PMID: 22649602 PMCID: PMC3347510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main way to fight cancer is still chemotherapy. This method of treatment is at the height of its capacity, so, setting aside the need for further improvements in traditional treatments for neoplasia, it is vital to develop now approaches toward treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews innovational experimental approaches to treating malignant malformations based on the use of gene-targeted drugs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (asON), small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, and DNAzymes, which can all inhibit oncogene expression. The target genes for these drugs are thoroughly characterized, and the main results from pre-clinical and first-step clinical trials of these drugs are presented. It is shown that the gene-targeted oligonucleotides show considerable variations in their effect on tumor tissue, depending on the target gene in question. The effects range from slowing and stopping the proliferation of tumor cells to suppressing their invasive capabilities. Despite their similarity, not all the antisense drugs targeting the same region of the mRNA of the target-gene were equally effective. The result is determined by the combination of the drug type used and the region of the target-gene mRNA that it complements.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
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5
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Zelphati O, Szoka FC. Cationic Liposomes as an Oligonucleotide Carrier: Mechanism of Action. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109709035480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kirk Field A, Goodchild J. Section Review: Biologicals & Immunologicals: Antisense oligonucleotides: Rational drug design for genetic pharmacology. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.9.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
In the last years, different non-biological and biological carrier systems have been developed for anti-HIV1 therapy. Liposomes are excellent potential anti-HIV1 carriers that have been tested with drugs, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes and therapeutic genes. Nanoparticles and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are cell-specific transporters of drugs against macrophage-specific infections such as HIV1. Through a process of protein transduction, cell-permeable peptides of natural origin or designed artificially allow the delivery of drugs and genetic material inside the cell. Erythrocyte ghosts and bacterial ghosts are a promising delivery system for therapeutic peptides and HIV vaccines. Of interest are the advances made in the field of HIV gene therapy by the use of autologous haematopoietic stem cells and viral vectors for HIV vaccines. Although important milestones have been reached in the development of carrier systems for the treatment of HIV, especially in the field of gene therapy, further clinical trials are required so that the efficiency and safety of these new systems can be guaranteed in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lanao
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Laurent A, Debart F, Bologna JC, Vasseur JJ, Rayner B. High Affinity Of Backbone-Modified α-Anomeric Oligodeoxynucleottoes For Dna And Rna Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Laurent
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique, CC 008, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII , Université Montpellier II , Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - F. Debart
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique, CC 008, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII , Université Montpellier II , Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - J.-C. Bologna
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique, CC 008, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII , Université Montpellier II , Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - J.-J. Vasseur
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique, CC 008, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII , Université Montpellier II , Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - B. Rayner
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique, CC 008, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII , Université Montpellier II , Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
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Aukunuru JV, Ayalasomayajula SP, Kompella UB. Nanoparticle formulation enhances the delivery and activity of a vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligonucleotide in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 55:1199-206. [PMID: 14604462 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the delivery and activity of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antisense oligonucleotide in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) using a biodegradable nanoparticulate delivery system. A 19-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (PS-ODN) complementary to bases 6-24 relative to the translational start site of the VEGF mRNA, a sense PS-ODN and a mismatch PS-ODN were examined for the inhibition of secretion and mRNA expression of VEGF using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Nanoparticles of the antisense oligonucleotides were formulated using a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (50:50) copolymer using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. After preparing nanoparticles, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and particle size were determined. The cells were exposed to either plain solution of oligonucleotide or nanoparticles of oligonucleotide from Day 3 through Day 6. Alternatively, the cells were incubated with PS-ODNs and lipofectin for 4 h on Day 4. In all studies, VEGF secretion and mRNA expression were determined on Day 6. The particle size, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 252 nm, 5.5% and 16.5%, respectively. The antisense PS-ODN inhibited VEGF mRNA and protein secretion when delivered using nanoparticles or lipofectin but not in its free form. This was consistent with the ability of nanoparticles and lipofectin to elevate the cellular uptake of the oligonucleotide by 4-fold and 13-fold, respectively. Neither mismatch nor sense oligonucleotides inhibited VEGF secretion. In conclusion, biodegradable nanoparticles enhance cellular delivery of a VEGF antisense oligonucleotide and inhibit VEGF secretion and mRNA expression in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithan V Aukunuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-6025, USA
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Van Aerschot A. Oligonucleotides as antivirals: dream or realistic perspective? Antiviral Res 2006; 71:307-16. [PMID: 16621039 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have been published on antiviral activity of synthetic oligonucleotides, targeted to act either by a true antisense effect or via non-sequence specific interactions. This short review will try to evaluate the current status of the field by focusing on the effects as reported for inhibition of either HSV-1, HCMV or HIV-1. Following an introduction with a historical background and a brief discussion on the different types of constructs and mechanisms of action, the therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides as antivirals, as well as possible pitfalls upon their evaluation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Van Aerschot
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides present a powerful means to inhibit expression of specific genes, but their effectiveness is limited by factors including cellular delivery, biochemical attack, and poor binding to target. We have developed a systems model of the processes required for an antisense oligonucleotide to enter, gain access to its target mRNA, and exert activity in a cell. The model accurately mimics observed trends in antisense effectiveness with the stability of the oligonucleotide backbone and with the affinity/kinetics of binding to the mRNA over the time course of inhibition. By varying the model parameters within the physically realizable range, we note that the major molecular and cellular barriers to antisense effectiveness are intracellular trafficking, oligonucleotide-mRNA binding rate, and nuclease degradation of oligonucleotides, with a weaker dependence on total cellular uptake than might be expected. Furthermore, the model may serve as a predictive tool to design and test strategies for the cellular use of antisense oligonucleotides. The use of integrated mathematical modeling can play a significant role in the development of antisense and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Roth
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058, USA.
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Robaczewska M, Narayan R, Seigneres B, Schorr O, Thermet A, Podhajska AJ, Trepo C, Zoulim F, Nielsen PE, Cova L. Sequence-specific inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus reverse transcription by peptide nucleic acids (PNA). J Hepatol 2005; 42:180-7. [PMID: 15664242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) appear as promising new antisense agents, that have not yet been examined as hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitors. Our aim was to study the ability of PNAs targeting the duck HBV (DHBV) encapsidation signal epsilon to inhibit reverse transcription (RT) and to compare their efficacy with phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs). METHODS The effect of two partly overlapping PNAs targeting epsilon and of analogous S-ODNs was tested in cell-free transcription and translation system for DHBV RT expression. In addition their antiviral effect was investigated in primary duck hepatocytes (PDH). RESULTS Both PNAs reproducibly inhibited DHBV RT in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) of 10nM, whereas up to 600-fold higher concentration of S-ODNs was required for similar inhibition. The PNA targeting the bulge and upper stem of epsilon appeared as more efficient RT inhibitor than the PNA targeting only the bulge. Importantly, the inhibition was highly sequence-specific since double-mismatched PNA had no effect on the RT reaction. Moreover, in PDH the PNA coupled to Arg(7) cationic delivery peptide decreased DHBV replication. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that PNAs targeting the bulge and upper stem of epsilon can efficiently and in a sequence-specific manner inhibit DHBV RT.
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Düzgüneş N, Simões S, Slepushkin V, Pretzer E, Flasher D, Salem II, Steffan G, Konopka K, Pedroso de Lima MC. Delivery of antiviral agents in liposomes. Methods Enzymol 2005; 391:351-73. [PMID: 15721391 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)91020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular activity of certain antiviral agents, including antisense oligonucleotides, acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, and protease inhibitors, is enhanced when they are delivered in liposome-encapsulated form. In this chapter we describe the preparation of pH-sensitive liposomes encapsulating antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues and their effects on HIV replication in macrophages. We outline the use of liposomal HIV protease inhibitors in infected macrophages. We present two methods for the covalent coupling of soluble CD4 to liposomes and show the association of these liposomes with HIV-infected cells. We also describe the synthesis of a novel antiviral agent based on cyclodextrin and its incorporation into liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Düzgüneş
- Department of Microbiology, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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Zelphati O, Felgner J, Wang Y, Liang X, Felgner P. Medicinal chemistry of plasmid DNA with peptide nucleic acids: A new strategy for gene therapy. Int J Pept Res Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-005-4907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) are a new class of therapeutic compounds under investigation for the treatment of a variety of disease states, such as cancer and HIV, and for FDA approval of an anti-CMV retinitis antisense molecule (Vitravene trade mark, Isis Pharmaceuticals). However, these molecules are limited not only by poor cellular uptake, but also by a general lack of understanding regarding the mechanism(s) of ON cellular uptake. As a result, various delivery vehicles have been developed that circumvent the proposed mechanism of uptake, endocytosis, while improving target specific delivery and/or drug stability. This review describes various traditional and novel delivery mechanisms that have been employed to improve ON cellular delivery, cost effectiveness, and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Lysik
- Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, Arizona 18308, USA.
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16
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Medicinal chemistry of plasmid DNA with peptide nucleic acids: A new strategy for gene therapy. Int J Pept Res Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-004-4906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Medicinal chemistry of plasmid DNA with peptide nucleic acids: A new strategy for gene therapy. Int J Pept Res Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02484566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Sun BW, Geinguenaud F, Taillandier E, Laurent M, Debart F, Vasseur JJ. FTIR and UV spectroscopy studies of triplex formation between pyrimidine methoxyethylphosphoramidates alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides and ds DNA targets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2002; 19:1073-81. [PMID: 12023809 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2002.10506810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of non-ionic methoxyethylphosphoramidate (PNHME) alpha-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), alpha dT(15) and alpha dCT dodecamer, to form triplexes with their double-stranded DNA targets was evaluated. Thermal stability of the formed complexes was studied by UV thermal denaturation and the data showed that these PNHME alpha-ODNs formed much more stable triplexes than phosphodiester (PO) beta-ODNs did (Delta Tm = + 20 degrees C for alpha dCT PNHME). In addition, FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine the base pairing and the strand orientations of the triplexes formed by alpha dT(15) PNHME compared to phosphodiester ODNs with beta or alpha anomeric configuration. While beta dT(15) PO failed to form a triplex with a long beta dA(n) x beta dT(n) duplex, the Tm of the Hoogsteen part of the triplex formed by alpha dT(15) PNHME reached 40 degrees C. Moreover alpha dT(15) PNHME displaced the beta dT(15) strand of a shorter beta dA(15) x beta dT(15) duplex. The alpha dCT PNHME and alpha dT(15) PNHME third strands were found antiparallel in contrast to alpha dT(15) PO which is parallel to the purine strand of their duplex target. The uniform preferential Hoogsteen pairing of the nucleotides alpha dT and alpha dC combining both replacements might contribute to the improve stability of the triplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Wen Sun
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Biomoléculaire, UFR de Médecine, UMR 7033 CNRS, Université Paris-Nord, F-93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
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A convenient method for the conversion of β-thymidine to α-thymidine based on TMSOTf-mediated C1′-epimerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Driven by advances in the acquisition of genetic sequence information and the ability to manipulate small quantities of nucleic acid, a number of technologies are emerging that exploit nucleic acids for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic utility. In this review, we cover three technologies based on nucleic acids--DNA microarrays, antisense technology, and gene therapy--that are especially promising and may make a substantial impact in the laboratory and in the clinic during the coming years. For each of these areas, an overview of the current status and applications is provided, followed by a discussion of critical issues and challenges to be faced for further advancement of the technology; an emphasis is placed on quantitative and engineering aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Roth
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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21
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Yamaguchi K, Honda M, Ikigai H, Hara Y, Shimamura T. Inhibitory effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antiviral Res 2002; 53:19-34. [PMID: 11684313 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), the major tea catechin, is known as a potent anti-bacterial agent. In addition, anti-tumor promoting, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antiviral activities have been reported. In the present study, we investigated possible anti-human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) activity of EGCg and its mechanisms of action in the viral life cycle. EGCg impinges on each step of the HIV life cycle. Thus, destruction of the viral particles, viral attachment to cells, post-adsorption entry into cells, reverse transcription (RT), viral production from chronically-infected cells, and the level of expression of viral mRNA, were analyzed using T-lymphoid (H9) and monocytoid (THP-1) cell systems, and antiviral protease activity was measured using a cell-free assay. Inhibitory effects of EGCg on specific binding of the virions to the cellular surfaces and changes in the steady state viral regulation (mRNA expression) due to EGCg were not observed. However, EGCg had a destructive effect on the viral particles, and post-adsorption entry and RT in acutely infected monocytoid cells were significantly inhibited at concentrations of EGCg greater than 1 microM, and protease kinetics were suppressed at a concentration higher than 10 microM in the cell-free study. Viral production by THP-1 cells chronically-infected with HIV-1 was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect was enhanced by liposome modification of EGCg. As expected, increased viral mRNA production was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated chronically HIV-1-infected cells. This production was significantly inhibited by EGCg treatment of THP-1 cells. In contrast, production of HIV-1 viral mRNA in unstimulated or LPS-stimulated T-lymphoid cells (H9) was not inhibited by EGCg. Anti-HIV viral activity of EGCg may thus result from an interaction with several steps in the HIV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, 142-8555, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
The aim of this contribution is to summarize recent findings on the potential use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives as carriers for oligonucleotide agents. Their peculiar properties could be exploited in such an emerging therapeutic area by virtue of their capability of interacting with cellular membranes, thus giving rise to improved cellular uptake. In particular, some specific derivatives could be considered as promising future excipients for the delivery of "naked" antisense and/or decoy oligonucleotides which are difficult to formulate with existing pharmaceutical excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Redenti
- R&D Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Palermo 26/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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23
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Froeyen M, Lescrinier E, Kerremans L, Rosemeyer H, Seela F, Verbeure B, Lagoja I, Rozenski J, Van Aerschot A, Busson R, Herdewijn P. Alpha-homo-DNA and RNA form a parallel oriented non-A, non-B-type double helical structure. Chemistry 2001; 7:5183-94. [PMID: 11775692 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011203)7:23<5183::aid-chem5183>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cross-talking between nucleic acids is a prerequisite for information transfer. The absence of observed base pairing interactions between pyranose and furanose nucleic acids has excluded considering the former type as a (potential) direct precursor of contemporary RNA and DNA. We observed that alpha-pyranose oligonucleotides (alpha-homo-DNA) are able to hybridize with RNA and that both nucleic acid strands are parallel oriented. Hybrids between alpha-homo-DNA and DNA are less stable. During the synthesis of alpha-homo-DNA we observed extensive conversion of N6-benzoyl-5-methylcytosine into thymine under the usual deprotection conditions of oligonucleotide synthesis. Alpha-homo-DNA:RNA represents the first hybridization system between pyranose and furanose nucleic acids. The duplex formed between alpha-homo-DNA and RNA was investigated using CD, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. The general rule that orthogonal orientation of base pairs prevents hybridization is infringed. NMR experiments demonstrate that the base moieties of alpha-homo-DNA in its complex with RNA, are equatorially oriented and that the base moieties of the parallel RNA strand are pseudoaxially oriented. Modeling experiments demonstrate that the duplex formed is different from the classical A- or B-type double stranded DNA. We observed 15 base pairs in a full helical turn. The average interphosphate distance in the RNA strand is 6.2 A and in the alpha-homo-DNA strand is 6.9 A. The interstrand P-P distance is much larger than found in the typical A- and B-DNA. Most helical parameters are different from those of natural duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Froeyen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
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Düzgünes N, Simões S, Konopka K, Rossi JJ, Pedroso de Lima MC. Delivery of novel macromolecular drugs against HIV-1. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2001; 1:949-70. [PMID: 11728227 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.1.6.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of new low molecular weight drugs against human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) targets other than reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease, such as the integrase and the envelope glycoprotein, is likely to take many years. Macromolecular drugs, including antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, RNA decoys and transdominant mutant proteins, may be able to interfere with a relatively large number of viral targets, thereby decreasing the likelihood of the emergence of drug-resistant strains. It may also be relatively easy to alter the sequence of some of the macromolecular drugs to counter emerging drug-resistant viruses. The delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes to HIV-1 infected or potentially infectable cells by antibody-targeted liposomes, certain cationic lipid formulations and pH-sensitive liposomes results in significant anti-HIV-1 activity. These carriers not only facilitate cytoplasmic delivery but also protect the drugs from nuclease digestion. Delivery of therapeutic genes (another form of macromolecular drug) to target cells is an important challenge of gene therapy. Following delivery by a viral vector, sufficient levels of gene expression must be maintained over an extended period of time to have therapeutic activity. Robust expression of therapeutically useful ribozymes, antisense, decoys and aptamers can be achieved by the use of Pol III expression systems. Moloney murine leukaemia virus- (MoMuLV), adeno-associated virus (AAV)-, or HIV-derived vectors expressing a variety of therapeutic genes have been used successfully to inhibit HIV-1 replication in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Düzgünes
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 2155 Webster Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Berton M, Turelli P, Trono D, Stein CA, Allémann E, Gurny R. Inhibition of HIV-1 in cell culture by oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2001; 18:1096-101. [PMID: 11587479 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010962507273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential use of polymeric nanoparticles for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides in HIV-1-infected cell cultures. METHODS Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were encapsulated into poly (D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles. Two models of infected cells were used to test the ability of nanoparticles to deliver them. HeLa P4-2 CD4+ cells, stably transfected with the beta-galactosidase reporter gene, were first used to evaluate the activity of the oligonucleotides on a single-round infection cycle. The acutely infected lymphoid CEM cells were then used to evaluate the inhibition of the viral production of HIV-1 by the oligonucleotides. RESULTS The addition to infected CEM cells of nanoparticles containing gag antisense oligonucleotides in the nanomolar range led to strong inhibition of the viral production in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were previously observed in HeLa P4-2 CD4+ cells. Nanoparticle-entrapped random-order gag oligonucleotides had similar effects on reverse transcription. However, the reverse transcriptase activity of infected cells treated with nanomolar concentrations of free antisense and random oligonucleotides was not affected. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that poly (D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles may have great potential as an efficient delivery system for oligonucleotides in HIV natural target cells, i.e., lymphocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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26
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Düzgünes N, Simões S, Slepushkin V, Pretzer E, Rossi JJ, De Clercq E, Antao VP, Collins ML, de Lima MC. Enhanced inhibition of HIV-1 replication in macrophages by antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogs delivered in pH-sensitive liposomes. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:515-23. [PMID: 11563068 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev response element, a ribozyme complementary to the HIV-1 5'-LTR, and the reverse transcriptase inhibitors 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine (PMEA) and (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-adenine (PMPA) inhibited virus replication in monocyte-derived macrophages more effectively when delivered in pH-sensitive liposomes compared to the free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Düzgünes
- Department of Microbiology, University of the Pacific, 2155 Webster Street, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
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27
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Willard-Gallo KE, Furtado M, Burny A, Wolinsky SM. Down-modulation of TCR/CD3 surface complexes after HIV-1 infection is associated with differential expression of the viral regulatory genes. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:969-79. [PMID: 11298321 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200104)31:4<969::aid-immu969>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism(s) involved in progressive abrogation of CD3-gamma gene expression after HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection. A comparison of intracellular virus expression with T cell receptor surface density, revealed both high and low levels of viral p24 antigen in the TCR/CD3(hi), TCR/CD3(lo), and TCR/CD3(-) cells. Furthermore, in non-productively infected cells expressing the multiply spliced, virally encoded tat, rev, and nef regulatory gene transcripts, the same progressive loss of surface TCR/CD3 complexes was observed. We treated HIV-1-infected cells with antisense (AS) phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (P-OdN) targeted to the viral regulatory genes. All of the HIV-1 sequence-specific AS-P-OdN's inhibited intracellular p24 antigen expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner; although, blocking p24 expression alone was not sufficient to modulate TCR/CD3 surface density. Only Tat-AS and Nef-AS were able to delay TCR/CD3 down-modulation on receptor-positive cells or drive receptor up-regulation on receptor-negative cells. In contrast, Rev-AS accelerated TCR/CD3 loss on receptor-positive cells. RT-PCR revealed that Tat-AS and Nef-AS reduce the level of tat, nef, and rev transcripts, while Rev-AS increases the level of tat and nef transcripts in infected cells. Thus, when intracellular conditions favor expression of tat and/or nef in the absence of rev, CD3-gamma gene transcripts and TCR/CD3 surface density are down-modulated.
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MESH Headings
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Products, nef/genetics
- Gene Products, nef/metabolism
- Gene Products, rev/genetics
- Gene Products, rev/metabolism
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- HIV Core Protein p24/metabolism
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/growth & development
- HIV-1/physiology
- Humans
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Time Factors
- nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Willard-Gallo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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28
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Dayton AI, Zhang MJ. Therapies directed against the Rev axis of HIV autoregulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2001; 49:199-228. [PMID: 11013765 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(00)49028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A I Dayton
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA
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29
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Lavigne C, Yelle J, Sauvé G, Thierry AG. Lipid-based delivery of combinations of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for the in vitro inhibition of HIV-1 replication. AAPS PHARMSCI 2001; 3:E7. [PMID: 11741258 PMCID: PMC2751239 DOI: 10.1208/ps030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated a new approach to AIDS therapy by using combinations of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), delivered with a lipid-based carrier system, that target different HIV viral genome sites. We identified some of the factors that seem to influence the effectiveness of a combination strategy in cell cultures including ODN concentrations, type of infection (acute vs chronic), backbone modification of the ODN, and the number of sequences. When delivered by the DLS carrier system, some advantages of using a combination of ODNs over treatment with only one ODN could be observed in acute infection assays but not in the chronic infection model. These results suggest that in the acute infection model, the 3 different antisense ODNs in the "cocktail" might block an early step of virus replication by combined inhibitory effects. Various combinations of phosphorothioate-modified (PS) and unmodified oligonucleotides delivered by the DLS system were compared for their antiviral activity in a long-term acute assay using HIV-1 (IIIB strain)-infected MOLT-3 cells. The most effective combination had 3 phosphorothioate antisense ODNs: Srev, SDIS, and SPac (>99% inhibition at 100 pM). However, the additive effect determined when using ODN combinations was rather low, revealing the high level of nonsequence specificity in HIV-1 cell culture models. Data illustrated the high sequence nonspecific activity of ODNs, especially when comparing activity of antisense ODNs with activity of random control sequence ODNs. The latter exhibited an inhibitory effect similar to that of antisense ODNs under our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that it is possible to achieve high anti-HIV activity by using, in combination, picomolar range concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides complexed to a lipid-based carrier system such as the DLS system, without increasing cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lavigne
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté Médecine, Université Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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30
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Mignet N, Brun A, Degert C, Delord B, Roux D, Hélène C, Laversanne R, François JC. The spherulites(TM): a promising carrier for oligonucleotide delivery. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:3134-42. [PMID: 10931929 PMCID: PMC108452 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.16.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentric multilamellar microvesicles, named spherulites(TM), were evaluated as an oligonucleotide carrier. Up to 80% oligonucleotide was encapsulated in these vesicles. The study was carried out on two different spherulite(TM) formulations. The spherulite(TM) size and stability characteristics are presented. Delivery of encapsulated oligonucleotide was performed on a rat hepatocarcinoma and on a lymphoblastoid T cell line, both expressing the luciferase gene. We showed that spherulites(TM) were able to transfect both adherent and suspension cell lines and deliver the oligonucleotide to the nucleus. Moreover, 48-62% luciferase inhibition was obtained in the rat hepatocarcinoma cell line when the antisense oligonucleotide targeted to the luciferase coding region was encapsulated at 500 nM concentration in spherulites(TM) of different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mignet
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U201, CNRS UMR 8646, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 PARIS Cedex 05, France
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31
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Junghans M, Kreuter J, Zimmer A. Antisense delivery using protamine-oligonucleotide particles. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:E45. [PMID: 10773093 PMCID: PMC105384 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.10.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protamine, a polycationic peptide (mol. wt 4000-4500), was evaluated as a potential penetration enhancer for phosphodiester antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs). Unique complexes in the form of nanoparticles were spontaneously formed, which we call 'proticles'. The stability of the particles and the ODNs bound into the proticles was examined in foetal calf serum and cell culture medium. FITC-labelled ODNs bound to protamine showed an increased cellular uptake into human histiocytic lymphoma U 937 cells compared to free ODNs. Proticles significantly decreased cellular growth in a cell proliferation assay using ODNs against the c- myc proto-oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Junghans
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Biozentrum, Marie Curie Strasse 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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32
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Lubrich B, van Calker D, Peschka-Süss R. Inhibition of inositol uptake in astrocytes by antisense oligonucleotides delivered by pH-sensitive liposomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:2432-8. [PMID: 10759869 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An oligonucleotide of 20 bases, complementary to a region of the sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) mRNA, was used to investigate the uptake efficiency and activity of transferred antisense oligonucleotides with regard to substrate uptake. We compared the efficiency of oligonucleotide delivery after application of either free or liposome-encapsulated material. Delivery of liposome-encapsulated material (marker or oligonucleotides) into astrocytoma cells and primary astrocyte cultures was more effective with pH-sensitive liposomes [dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS)] than with non-pH-sensitive liposomes (soy lecithin) or free material in solution. Antisense activity was evaluated by determination of myo-inositol uptake and detection of SMIT transcripts by RT-PCR. Encapsulation of oligonucleotides in pH-sensitive liposomes increased the inhibition of inositol uptake at least 50-fold compared with application of free oligonucleotides in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lubrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Germany
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33
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Dheur S, Saison-Behmoaras TE. Polyethyleneimine-mediated transfection to improve antisense activity of 3'-capped phosphodiester oligonucleotides. Methods Enzymol 2000; 313:56-73. [PMID: 10595349 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)13005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Dheur
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U201, CNRS URA481, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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34
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Agrawal S. Importance of nucleotide sequence and chemical modifications of antisense oligonucleotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1489:53-68. [PMID: 10806997 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antisense approach is conceptually simple and elegant; to design an inhibitor of a specific mRNA, one needs only to know the sequence of the targeted mRNA and an appropriately modified complementary oligonucleotide. Of the many analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides explored as antisense agents, phosphorothioate analogs have been studied the most extensively. The use of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides as antisense agents in various studies have shown promising results. However, they have also indicated that quite often, biological effects observed could be solely or partly non-specific in nature. It is becoming clear that not all phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides of varying length and base composition are the same, and important consideration should be given to maintain antisense mechanisms while identifying effective antisense oligonucleotides. In this review, I have summarized the progress made in my laboratory in understanding the specificity and mechanism of actions of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and the rationale for designing second-generation mixed-backbone oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Hybridon, Inc., Milford, MA 01757, USA.
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35
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Berton M, Allémann E, Stein CA, Gurny R. Highly loaded nanoparticulate carrier using an hydrophobic antisense oligonucleotide complex. Eur J Pharm Sci 1999; 9:163-70. [PMID: 10620729 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(99)00049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides, and particularly those with phosphorothioate backbones, have emerged as potential gene specific therapeutic agents and are currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials for a variety of diseases. In the area of HIV-1 therapeutics, targeting of oligonucleotides to infected cells, such as macrophages, would be highly desirable. The present study was designed to prepare and characterize oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles for this purpose. Due to their hydrophilic characteristics, oligonucleotides are difficult to entrap in polymeric particles. Here, the oligonucleotides were first complexed with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsification-diffusion method and subsequently purified. In comparison with previous studies, a high oligonucleotide-loading was achieved; 2.5, 5 and 10% oligonucleotide loading were assessed. If the initial oligonucleotide content was 4%, this method produced a final oligonucleotide loading of 1.9% with an entrapment efficiency of 47%. The integrity of the oligonucleotide and of the polymer, in the final freeze-dried product, was retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, quai E.-Ansermet CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Laurent A, Naval M, Debart F, Vasseur JJ, Rayner B. Chiral and steric effects in the efficient binding of alpha-anomeric deoxyoligonucleoside N-alkylphosphoramidates to ssDNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:4151-9. [PMID: 10518605 PMCID: PMC148688 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.21.4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report hybridization properties of new phosphate-modified alpha-oligonucleoside analogs with non-ionic or cationic internucleotide linkages such as methoxy-ethylphosphoramidate (PNHME), phosphoromorpholi-date (PMOR) and dimethylaminopropylphosphor-amidate (PNHDMAP). First we evaluated the chirality effect of the phosphorus atom on the affinity of alpha- or beta-dodecanucleoside phosphodiesters containing one chirally enriched N -alkylphosphoramidate linkage located in the middle of the sequence d(TCTT-AA*CCCACA). As for P-substituted beta-oligonucleo-tides, a difference in binding behavior between the two diastereoisomers (difference in Delta T (m)) exists in the hybridization properties of alpha-analogs when DNA was the target but this effect was not detrimental to duplex stability. This effect was considerably reduced when RNA was the target. Secondly we studied the effect of steric hindrance around phosphorus on the affinity of fully modified beta- and alpha-oligonucleoside N -alkylphosphoramidates for their DNA and RNA targets. This effect was very weak with alpha-analogs whereas it was more pronounced with beta-oligos. PNHME-modified alpha-oligonucleosides formed more stable duplexes with DNA (Delta T (m)+9.6 degrees C) and RNA (Delta T (m)+1.4 degrees C) targets than the 'parent' phosphodiester. Finally, base pairing specificity of these alpha-oligonucleo-side N -alkylphosphoramidates for their targets was found to be as high as for natural oligonucleoside phosphodiesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, CC 008, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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37
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Prasad V, Hashim S, Mukhopadhyay A, Basu SK, Roy RP. Oligonucleotides tethered to a short polyguanylic acid stretch are targeted to macrophages: enhanced antiviral activity of a vesicular stomatitis virus-specific antisense oligonucleotide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2689-96. [PMID: 10543748 PMCID: PMC89544 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.11.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/1999] [Accepted: 08/26/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor membrane permeability of oligonucleotides is one of the major problems of antisense technology. Here we report the construction of designer oligonucleotides for targeted delivery to macrophages. The oligonucleotides tethered to a 10-mer poly(G) sequence at their 3' ends were recognized by scavenger receptors on macrophages and were taken up about 8- to 10-fold as efficiently as those oligonucleotides that either lacked a poly(G) tail or that contained a 10-mer poly(C) tail instead of the poly(G) tail. The enhanced uptake of poly(G) constructs was inhibited in the presence of poly(G) and other known ligands of the scavenger receptor. The bioefficacy of poly(G)-mediated targeting of antisense oligonucleotides (ANS) was demonstrated by using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a model system. The ability of ANS directed against the translation initiation site of N protein mRNA of VSV to inhibit virus replication was assessed. The ANS with the 10-mer poly(G) sequences (ANS-G) brought about significant inhibition of VSV replication in J774E cells (a murine monocyte/macrophage cell line) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell transfectants expressing scavenger receptors. The ANS lacking a 10-mer poly(G) stretch were ineffective. The inhibition of VSV replication due to ANS-G was completely abrogated in the presence of 10-mer poly(G), indicating that the antisense effect of the ANS-G molecule was a consequence of scavenger receptor-mediated enhanced uptake. Importantly, antisense molecules linked exclusively by natural phosphodiester bonds were as bioeffective as those synthesized with a mixed backbone of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate. Taken together, these results suggest that macrophage-directed designer ANS against infective agents may simply be obtained by adding a short stretch of guanylic acid sequence to the desired specific ANS during solid-phase synthesis. This nucleic acid-based strategy, which utilizes homogeneous preparation of ANS, may find applications in directed manipulation of macrophage metabolism for a variety of purposes as well as in therapy of a broad spectrum of macrophage-related disorders amenable to the antisense approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prasad
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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38
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Yu RZ, Geary RS, Leeds JM, Watanabe T, Fitchett JR, Matson JE, Mehta R, Hardee GR, Templin MV, Huang K, Newman MS, Quinn Y, Uster P, Zhu G, Working PK, Horner M, Nelson J, Levin AA. Pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition in monkeys of an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of Ha-ras encapsulated in stealth liposomes. Pharm Res 1999; 16:1309-15. [PMID: 10468036 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014822219133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of an antisense oligonucleotide ISIS 2503, formulated in stealth (pegylated) liposomes (encapsulated) or in phosphate-buffered saline (unencapsulated). METHODS Encapsulated or unencapsulated ISIS 2503 was administered to rhesus monkeys by intravenous infusion. The concentrations of ISIS 2503 and metabolites in blood, plasma, and tissue samples were determined by capillary gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of encapsulated ISIS 2503 decreased mono-exponentially after infusion with a mean half-life of 57.8 hours. In contrast, the concentration of unencapsulated ISIS 2503 in plasma decreased rapidly with a mean half-life of 1.07 hours. Both encapsulated and unencapsulated ISIS 2503 distributed widely into tissues. Encapsulated ISIS 2503 distributed primarily to the reticulo-endothelial system and there were few metabolites observed. In contrast, unencapsulated ISIS 2503 distributed rapidly to tissue with highest concentration seen in kidney and liver. Nuclease-mediated metabolism was extensive for unencapsulated oligonucleotide in plasma and tissues. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that stealth liposomes protect ISIS 2503 from nucleases in blood and tissues, slow tissue uptake, and slow the rate of clearance from the systemic circulation. These attributes may make these formulations attractive for delivering oligonucleotides to sites with increased vasculature permeability such as tumors or sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Z Yu
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, USA.
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Hélin V, Gottikh M, Mishal Z, Subra F, Malvy C, Lavignon M. Cell cycle-dependent distribution and specific inhibitory effect of vectorized antisense oligonucleotides in cell culture. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 58:95-107. [PMID: 10403523 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Factors limiting the use of antisense phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) as therapeutic agents are inefficient cellular uptake and intracellular transport to RNA target. To overcome these obstacles, ODN carriers have been developed, but the intracellular fate of ODNs is controversial and strongly depends on the means of vectorization. Polyamidoamine dendrimers are non-linear polycationic cascade polymers that are able to bind ODNs electrostatically. These complexes have been demonstrated to protect phosphodiester ODNs from nuclease degradation and also to increase their cellular uptake and pharmacological effectiveness. We studied the intracellular distribution of a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled ODN vectorized by a dendrimer vector and found that intracellular ODN distribution was dependent on the phase of the cell cycle, with a nuclear localization predominantly in the G2/M phase. In addition, in order to evaluate the relevance of ODN vectors in enhancing the inhibition of the targeted genes' expression, we developed a rapid screening system which measures the transient expression of two reporter genes, one used as target, the other as control and vice versa. This system was validated through investigating the effect of the dendrimer vector on ODN biological activity. Antisense sequence-specific inhibition of more than 70% of one reporter gene was obtained with a chimeric ODN containing four phosphorothioate groups, two at each end.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hélin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Enzymologie, UMR 8532, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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40
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Chakraborty R, Dasgupta D, Adhya S, Basu MK. Cationic liposome-encapsulated antisense oligonucleotide mediates efficient killing of intracellular Leishmania. Biochem J 1999; 340 ( Pt 2):393-6. [PMID: 10333480 PMCID: PMC1220262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides have been considered as inhibitors of growth of intracellular parasites such as Leishmania, but only limited inhibition has been observed in vitro. We have encapsulated an antisense oligonucleotide, complementary to the Leishmania universal miniexon sequence, in cationic liposomes. Low concentrations (4 microM) of encapsulated oligonucleotides specifically reduced the amastigote burden within cultured macrophages by 80%. This result illustrates the importance of effective delivery for efficient antiparasitic activity of antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chakraborty
- Division of Biomembrane, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Calcutta 700 032, India
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41
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Bagasra O, Amjad M, Mukhtar M. Liposomes in Gene Therapy. Gene Ther 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7011-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Debart F, Meyer A, Vasseur JJ, Rayner B. Anomeric inversion (from beta to alpha) in methylphosphonate oligonucleosides enhances their affinity for DNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:4551-6. [PMID: 9753720 PMCID: PMC147882 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.20.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that the poor binding of methylphosphonate oligodeoxynucleosides (MP-ODNs) to their nucleic acid targets can be improved by additional inversion of the anomeric configuration (from beta to alpha) in the sugar moieties to give a new class of analogs, MP alpha-oligonucleosides. MP alpha-dT12and MP 5' alpha-d(TCTTAACCCACA) 3' were synthesized and their ability to form hybrids with complementary single stranded (ss)DNA and ssRNA, as well as with double stranded (ds)DNA, was evaluated. The thermal stability of hybrids formed with MP alpha-analogs was compared with the affinity of phosphodiester (PO) and phosphorothioate (PS) beta- and alpha-oligomers for their targets. Non-ionic MP alpha-oligonucleosides bound to their complementary DNA and RNA strands more tightly than their homologues with natural beta-anomeric configuration did. With DNA target, MP alpha-oligomers formed duplexes more stable than the corresponding natural PO beta-oligomer did. MP alpha-heteropolymer hybridized to RNA target better than PS beta-oligonucleotide did but the hybrid was less stable (DeltaTm-0.5 degrees C per mod.) than the hybrid formed with the natural PO beta-oligomer. Only MP alpha-dT12 bound to dsDNA target at low salt concentration (0.1 M NaCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Debart
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-organique, CC008, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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43
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Désormeaux A, Bergeron MG. Liposomes as drug delivery system: a strategic approach for the treatment of HIV infection. J Drug Target 1998; 6:1-15. [PMID: 9769017 DOI: 10.3109/10611869808997877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As the number of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is growing dramatically throughout the world, it is important to develop strategies to improve the treatment of this deadly disease. It is now well established that macrophages play a central role in HIV pathogenesis, acting as reservoirs for dissemination of virus throughout the immune system. As liposomes are naturally taken up by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, liposome-based therapy represents a convenient approach to improve the delivery of anti-HIV agents into infected cells improving thereby the efficacy of drugs and reducing their adverse side-effects. A more specific targeting of HIV-infected cells could also be obtained by using liposomes bearing surface attached-antibodies. This review details the applications of liposomes as drug carriers for the treatment of AIDS. It also gives an overlook of the different strategies that could be explored to control the progression of the disease in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Désormeaux
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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44
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Trawick BN, Daniher AT, Bashkin JK. Inorganic Mimics of Ribonucleases and Ribozymes: From Random Cleavage to Sequence-Specific Chemistry to Catalytic Antisense Drugs. Chem Rev 1998; 98:939-960. [PMID: 11848920 DOI: 10.1021/cr960422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby N. Trawick
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Field
- Hybridon, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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46
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Lavigne C, Thierry AR. Enhanced antisense inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cell cultures by DLS delivery system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 237:566-71. [PMID: 9299405 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The relatively poor cell uptake of oligonucleotides and subsequent transport to the cytoplasm and nucleus is the main limitation in antisense therapeutics. The use of lipid-based carrier system is one of the most promising approaches to overcome these problems. In this study, we report the use of a new lipidic formulation to deliver a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense directed against the regulatory gene rev of the HIV-1 genome and its application to the inhibition of HIV-1 in different cell culture models. Antiviral activity of either DLS-complexed or non-complexed oligonucleotides (ODNs) was compared in acutely and chronically infected cells. We have demonstrated that substantial antisense activity could be achieved at subnanomolar concentrations with DLS-complexed ODN in both acute and chronic infection systems. DLS-association highly improved inhibitory activity of the antisense ODN in acutely infected Molt-3 cells (100-fold) and primary cells (1000-fold) and in chronically infected H9 cells (1,500,000-fold). We have shown that anti-HIV activity of phosphorothioate ODNs can be strongly enhanced by using the DLS carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lavigne
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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47
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Hebb MO, Robertson HA. End-capped antisense oligodeoxynucleotides effectively inhibit gene expression in vivo and offer a low-toxicity alternative to fully modified phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1997; 47:223-8. [PMID: 9221920 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur modification of oligodeoxynucleotides produces nuclease resistance but also leads to toxic effects when these compounds are administered in vivo. To assess their potential as viable alternatives to full phosphorothioate derivatives, we have used rotational behavior and immunohistochemistry to investigate the efficacy and longevity of phosphorothioate, end-capped antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in suppression of c-fos and ngfi-a in the striatum of adult rats. Our results suggest that, despite having a limited duration of action, these end-capped, chimeric oligodeoxynucleotides are capable of specifically inhibiting gene expression in vivo and may, therefore, possess broader application potential in chronic suppression models as the reduction of sulfur content is likely to greatly minimize their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Hebb
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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48
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Yamaguchi K, Papp B, Zhang D, Ali AN, Agrawal S, Byrn RA. The multiple inhibitory mechanisms of GEM 91, a gag antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997; 13:545-54. [PMID: 9135872 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1997.13.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GEM 91 (gene expression modulator) is a 25-mer oligonucleotide phosphorothioate complementary to the gag initiation site of HIV-1. GEM 91 has been studied in various in vitro cell culture models to examine inhibitory effects on different stages of HIV-1 replication. Experiments were focused on the binding of virions to the cell surface, inhibition of virus entry, reverse transcription (HIV DNA production), inhibition of steady state viral mRNA levels, inhibition of virus production from chronically infected cells, and inhibition of HIV genome packaging within virions. Experiments were also performed in vitro in an attempt to generate strains of HIV with reduced sensitivity to GEM 91. We observed sequence-dependent inhibition of virus entry/reverse transcription and a reduction in steady state viral RNA levels. We also observed sequence-independent inhibition of virion binding to cells and inhibition of virus production by chronically infected cells. Using in vitro methods that were successful in generating HIV strains with reduced sensitivity to AZT, we were unable to generate strains with reduced sensitivity to GEM 91.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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49
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Grimaldi S, Lisi A, Pozzi D, Santoro N. Attempts to use liposomes and RBC ghosts as vectors in drug and antisense therapy of virus infection. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1997; 148:177-80. [PMID: 9108622 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2516(97)89906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting of drugs or oligonucleotide for the treatment of viral diseases or cancer is the objective of new strategies that pursue therapy optimization and reduction of toxicity. In this work we report two protocols based on encapsulation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs within targeted liposomes or erythrocytes. Both have been shown to be effective for the specific delivery of drugs or oligonucleotide in the treatment of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grimaldi
- Istituto di Medicina Sperimentale C.N.R., Roma, Italy
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50
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Berton M, Sixou S, Kravtzoff R, Dartigues C, Imbertie L, Allal C, Favre G. Improved oligonucleotide uptake and stability by a new drug carrier, the SupraMolecular Bio Vector (SMBV). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1355:7-19. [PMID: 9030197 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(96)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides are potential therapeutic agents, but their development is still limited by both a poor cellular uptake and a high degradation rate in biological media. The strategy that we propose to face these problems is to use small synthetic carriers, around 30 nm diameter, the SupraMolecular Bio Vectors (SMBV). We used positively charged SMBV and settled the ionic incorporation of negatively charged oligonucleotides into these carriers. A minimal leakage of 10% of total incorporated oligonucleotides was then measured during two months. Both protection and uptake of oligonucleotides were then analyzed. On the one hand, we showed that the incorporation of oligonucleotides into the selected SMBV allows to significantly increase, 8 times, their half-life, in cell growth medium. On the other hand, the internalization of the SMBV, into cells, by an endosomal pathway has been characterized. The essential point is that the SMBV uptake elicits the simultaneous oligonucleotide uptake. The oligonucleotide amount that goes through cells within 5 h can be up to 30 times higher than for free oligonucleotides and the fraction of oligonucleotides that is present in the cytosol is increased up to 10 fold after incorporation into the SMBV. This study demonstrates the ability of SMBV to improve oligonucleotide cellular behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berton
- EA/UPRES 2048, Laboratoire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques and Centre Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
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