1
|
Mentzel J, Hildebrand LS, Kuhlmann L, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Effective Radiosensitization of HNSCC Cell Lines by DNA-PKcs Inhibitor AZD7648 and PARP Inhibitors Talazoparib and Niraparib. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5629. [PMID: 38891817 PMCID: PMC11172136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common, while treatment is difficult, and mortality is high. Kinase inhibitors are promising to enhance the effects of radiotherapy. We compared the effects of the PARP inhibitors talazoparib and niraparib and that of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648, combined with ionizing radiation. (2) Seven HNSCC cell lines, including Cal33, CLS-354, Detroit 562, HSC4, RPMI2650 (HPV-negative), UD-SCC-2 and UM-SCC-47 (HPV-positive), and two healthy fibroblast cell lines, SBLF8 and SBLF9, were studied. Flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and necrosis induction (AnnexinV/7AAD) and cell cycle distribution (Hoechst). Cell inactivation was studied by the colony-forming assay. (3) AZD7648 had the strongest effects, radiosensitizing all HNSCC cell lines, almost always in a supra-additive manner. Talazoparib and niraparib were effective in both HPV-positive cell lines but only consistently in one and two HPV-negative cell lines, respectively. Healthy fibroblasts were not affected by any combined treatment in apoptosis and necrosis induction or G2/M-phase arrest. AZD7648 alone was not toxic to healthy fibroblasts, while the combination with ionizing radiation reduced clonogenicity. (4) In conclusion, talazoparib, niraparib and, most potently, AZD7648 could improve radiation therapy in HNSCC. Healthy fibroblasts tolerated AZD7648 alone extremely well, but irradiation-induced effects might occur. Our results justify in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mentzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura S. Hildebrand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Kuhlmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zakharenko AL, Malakhova AA, Dyrkheeva NS, Okorokova LS, Medvedev SP, Zakian SM, Kabilov MR, Tupikin AA, Lavrik OI. PARP1 Gene Knockout Suppresses Expression of DNA Base Excision Repair Genes. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 508:6-11. [PMID: 36653586 PMCID: PMC10042944 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of PARP1 knockout in HEK293 cells on the gene expression of DNA base excision repair (BER) proteins was studied. It was shown that the expression of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of BER was reduced by knockout. The expression of the DNA glycosylase gene NEIL1, which is considered to be one of the common "hubs" for binding BER proteins, has changed the most. The expression of genes of auxiliary subunits of DNA polymerases δ and ε is also significantly reduced. The PARP1 gene knockout cell line obtained is an adequate cell model for studying the activity of the BER process in the absence of PARP1 and testing drugs aimed at inhibiting repair processes. It has been found for the first time that knockout of the PARP1 gene results in a significant change in the level of expression of proteins responsible for ribosome biogenesis and the functioning of the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Zakharenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Malakhova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N S Dyrkheeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - S P Medvedev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S M Zakian
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M R Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Tupikin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Chen S, Ao D. Targeting DNA repair pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical application. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:654-691. [PMID: 34977872 PMCID: PMC8706759 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing understanding on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has broadened the therapeutic landscape in oncology. It is becoming increasingly clear that the genomic instability of cells resulted from deficient DNA damage response contributes to the occurrence of cancer. One the other hand, these defects could also be exploited as a therapeutic opportunity, which is preferentially more deleterious in tumor cells than in normal cells. An expanding repertoire of DDR-targeting agents has rapidly expanded to inhibitors of multiple members involved in DDR pathways, including PARP, ATM, ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and DNA-PK. In this review, we sought to summarize the complex network of DNA repair machinery in cancer cells and discuss the underlying mechanism for the application of DDR inhibitors in cancer. With the past preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials, we also provide an overview of the history and current landscape of DDR inhibitors in cancer treatment, with special focus on the combination of DDR-targeted therapies with other cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Danyi Ao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shahmoradi Ghahe S, Kosicki K, Wojewódzka M, Majchrzak BA, Fogtman A, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Ciuba A, Koblowska M, Kruszewski M, Tudek B, Speina E. Increased DNA repair capacity augments resistance of glioblastoma cells to photodynamic therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 104:103136. [PMID: 34044336 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy of low invasiveness. The therapeutic procedure involves administering a photosensitizing drug (PS), which is then activated with monochromatic light of a specific wavelength. The photochemical reaction produces highly toxic oxygen species. The development of resistance to PDT in some cancer cells is its main limitation. Several mechanisms are known to be involved in the development of cellular defense against cytotoxic effects of PDT, including activation of antioxidant enzymes, drug efflux pumps, degradation of PS, and overexpression of protein chaperons. Another putative factor that plays an important role in the development of resistance of cancer cells to PDT seems to be DNA repair; however, it has not been well studied so far. To explore the role of DNA repair and other potential novel mechanisms associated with the resistance to PDT in the glioblastoma cells, cells stably resistant to PDT were isolated from PDT sensitive cells following repetitive PDT cycles. Duly characterization of isolated PDT-resistant glioblastoma revealed that the resistance to PDT might be a consequence of several mechanisms, including higher repair efficiency of oxidative DNA damage and repair of DNA breaks. Higher activity of APE1 endonuclease and increased expression and activation of DNA damage kinase ATM was demonstrated in the U-87 MGR cell line, suggesting and proving that they are good targets for sensitization of resistant cells to PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shahmoradi Ghahe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Kosicki
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz A Majchrzak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Ciuba
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rose M, Burgess JT, O’Byrne K, Richard DJ, Bolderson E. PARP Inhibitors: Clinical Relevance, Mechanisms of Action and Tumor Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564601. [PMID: 33015058 PMCID: PMC7509090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family has many essential functions in cellular processes, including the regulation of transcription, apoptosis and the DNA damage response. PARP1 possesses Poly (ADP-ribose) activity and when activated by DNA damage, adds branched PAR chains to facilitate the recruitment of other repair proteins to promote the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) were the first approved cancer drugs that specifically targeted the DNA damage response in BRCA1/2 mutated breast and ovarian cancers. Since then, there has been significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms behind sensitization of tumors to PARP inhibitors and expansion of the use of PARPi to treat several other cancer types. Here, we review the recent advances in the proposed mechanisms of action of PARPi, biomarkers of the tumor response to PARPi, clinical advances in PARPi therapy, including the potential of combination therapies and mechanisms of tumor resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Rose
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua T. Burgess
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O’Byrne
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee EK, Matulonis UA. PARP Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms and Implications for Post-Progression Combination Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2054. [PMID: 32722408 PMCID: PMC7465003 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) is growing widely as FDA approvals have shifted its use from the recurrence setting to the frontline setting. In parallel, the population developing PARPi resistance is increasing. Here we review the role of PARP, DNA damage repair, and synthetic lethality. We discuss mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibition and how this informs on novel combinations to re-sensitize cancer cells to PARPi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA;
| | - Ursula A. Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA;
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee EK, Konstantinopoulos PA. PARP inhibition and immune modulation: scientific rationale and perspectives for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920944116. [PMID: 32782491 PMCID: PMC7383615 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920944116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose]polymerase (PARP) has multifaceted roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and replication, and the maintenance of immune-system homeostasis. PARP inhibitors are an attractive oncologic therapy, causing direct cancer cell cytotoxicity by propagating DNA damage and indirectly, by various mechanisms of immunostimulation, including activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, paracrine stimulation of dendritic cells, increased T-cell infiltration, and upregulation of death-ligand receptors to increase susceptibility to natural-killer-cell killing. However, these immunostimulatory effects are counterbalanced by PARPi-mediated upregulation of programmed cell-death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which leads to immunosuppression. Combining PARP inhibition with immune-checkpoint blockade seeks to exploit the immune stimulatory effects of PARP inhibition while negating the immunosuppressive effects of PD-L1 upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferreira MT, Berger L, Rouleau M, Poirier GG. Assessment of PARP-1 Distribution in Tissues of Cynomolgus Monkeys. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:413-435. [PMID: 32436762 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420926022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) enzyme has received much attention in the last decade due to its promising role in cancer therapeutics. Despite the expanding use of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy, little is known about PARP-1 tissue distribution. Our study provides a detailed survey of PARP-1 tissue and cellular distribution using well-preserved cynomolgus monkey organs and a well-characterized, highly specific monoclonal PARP-1 antibody. Overall, PARP-1 was detected in most organs, but its distribution was restricted to specific cells within each tissue, suggesting that PARP-1 expression is tightly regulated. The strongest expression was in the pituitary, the ovary, the male adrenal gland, and the thymus. One of the key findings of this study was the stronger expression of PARP-1 in proliferating cells rather than mature cells. This observation not only provides clues to the importance of PARP-1 in processes such as DNA replication and transcription in these cell types, but it also provides the basis for further investigation into the effects of its inhibition in the context of malignancy. Overall, this study greatly expands the current knowledge of PARP-1 tissue expression, enabling the identification of tissues where PARP inhibition may be most efficacious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tedim Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Berger
- CHU de Québec, St-François d'Assise Hospital, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Québec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MacroH2A1 Regulation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthesis and Stability Prevents Necrosis and Promotes DNA Repair. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 40:MCB.00230-19. [PMID: 31636161 PMCID: PMC6908255 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00230-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Through its ability to bind the ends of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains, the function of the histone variant macroH2A1.1, including its ability to regulate transcription, is coupled to PAR polymerases (PARPs). PARP1 also has a major role in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, and our results show that macroH2A1 alters the kinetics of PAR accumulation following acute DNA damage by both suppressing PARP activity and simultaneously protecting PAR chains from degradation. Through its ability to bind the ends of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains, the function of the histone variant macroH2A1.1, including its ability to regulate transcription, is coupled to PAR polymerases (PARPs). PARP1 also has a major role in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, and our results show that macroH2A1 alters the kinetics of PAR accumulation following acute DNA damage by both suppressing PARP activity and simultaneously protecting PAR chains from degradation. In this way, we demonstrate that macroH2A1 prevents cellular NAD+ depletion, subsequently preventing necrotic cell death that would otherwise occur due to PARP overactivation. We also show that macroH2A1-dependent PAR stabilization promotes efficient repair of oxidative DNA damage. While the role of PAR in recruiting and regulating macrodomain-containing proteins has been established, our results demonstrate that, conversely, macrodomain-containing proteins, and specifically those containing macroH2A1, can regulate PARP1 function through a novel mechanism that promotes both survival and efficient repair during DNA damage response.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng Q, Tan Q, Ren Y, Reinach PS, Li L, Ge C, Qu J, Chen W. Hyperosmotic Stress-Induced TRPM2 Channel Activation Stimulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Primary Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3259-3268. [PMID: 29971445 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether either a hyperosmotic or oxidative stress induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increases in bioactive IL-1β secretion through transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) activation in primary human corneal epithelial cells (PHCECs). Methods Real-time PCR, Western blots, and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate TRPM2 and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. A CCK-8 assay evaluated cell viability. Hyperosmotic 500 mOsm and oxidative 0.5 mM H2O2 stresses were imposed. TRPM2 expression was inhibited with a TRPM2 inhibitor, 20 μM N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA), or TRPM2 siRNA knockdown. Results In the hypertonic medium, TRPM2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β gene and protein expression levels rose after 4 hours (P ≤ 0.043), whereas ACA preincubation suppressed these rises (P ≤ 0.044). Similarly, H2O2 upregulated TRPM2 protein expression by 80%, and induced both NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased bioactive IL-1β secretion (P ≤ 0.036), whereas ACA pretreatment suppressed these effects (P ≤ 0.029). TRPM2 siRNA transfection reduced TRPM2 gene expression by 70% (P = 0.018) in this hyperosmotic medium and inhibited the increases in NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β gene (P ≤ 0.028) and protein expression (P ≤ 0.037). Conclusions TRPM2 activation by either a hyperosmotic or oxidative stress contributes to mediating increases in NLRP3 inflammasome activity and bioactive IL-1β expression because inhibiting TRPM2 activation or its expression blunted both of these responses in PHCECs. This association points to the possibility that TRPM2 is a viable target to suppress hyperosmotic-induced corneal epithelial inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinxiang Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiufan Tan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueping Ren
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ge
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu F, Sun Y, Yang SZ, Zhou T, Jhala N, McDonald J, Chen Y. Cytoplasmic PARP-1 promotes pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and resistance. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:474-483. [PMID: 30614530 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) play important roles in repairing damaged DNA during intrinsic cell death. We recently linked PARP-1 to death receptor (DR)-activated extrinsic apoptosis, the present studies sought to elucidate the function of cytoplasmic PARP-1 in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and therapy. Using human normal and pancreatic cancer tissues, we analyzed the prevalence of cytoplasmic PARP-1 expression. In normal human pancreatic tissues, PARP-1 expression was present in the nucleus; however, cytoplasmic PARP-1 expression was identified in pancreatic cancers. Therefore, cytoplasmic PARP-1 mutants were generated by site-direct mutagenesis, to determine a causative effect of cytoplasmic PARP-1 on pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and sensitivity to therapy with TRA-8, a humanized DR5 antibody. PARP-1 cytoplasmic mutants rendered TRA-8 sensitive pancreatic cancer cells, BxPc-3 and MiaPaCa-2, more resistant to TRA-8-induced apoptosis; whereas wild-type PARP-1, localizing mainly in the nucleus, had no effects. Additionally, cytoplasmic PARP-1, but not wild-type PARP-1, increased resistance of BxPc-3 cells to TRA-8 therapy in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity attenuated cytoplasmic PARP-1-mediated TRA-8 resistance. Furthermore, increased cytoplasmic PARP-1, but not wild-type PARP-1, was recruited into the TRA-8-activated death-inducing signaling complex and associated with increased and sustained activation of Src-mediated survival signals. In contrast, PARP-1 knockdown inhibited Src activation. Taken together, we have identified a novel function and mechanism underlying cytoplasmic PARP-1, distinct from nuclear PARP-1, in regulating DR5-activated apoptosis. Our studies support an innovative application of available PARP inhibitors or new cytoplasmic PARP-1 antagonists to enhance TRAIL therapy for TRAIL-resistant pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nirag Jhala
- Department of Pathology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jay McDonald
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Department, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Department, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Czerwińska J, Nowak M, Wojtczak P, Dziuban-Lech D, Cieśla JM, Kołata D, Gajewska B, Barańczyk-Kuźma A, Robinson AR, Shane HL, Gregg SQ, Rigatti LH, Yousefzadeh MJ, Gurkar AU, McGowan SJ, Kosicki K, Bednarek M, Zarakowska E, Gackowski D, Oliński R, Speina E, Niedernhofer LJ, Tudek B. ERCC1-deficient cells and mice are hypersensitive to lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:79-96. [PMID: 29860127 PMCID: PMC6098728 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products are relatively stable and abundant metabolites, which accumulate in tissues of mammals with aging, being able to modify all cellular nucleophiles, creating protein and DNA adducts including crosslinks. Here, we used cells and mice deficient in the ERCC1-XPF endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair and the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks to ask if specifically LPO-induced DNA damage contributes to loss of cell and tissue homeostasis. Ercc1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts were more sensitive than wild-type (WT) cells to the LPO products: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), crotonaldehyde and malondialdehyde. ERCC1-XPF hypomorphic mice were hypersensitive to CCl4 and a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, two potent inducers of endogenous LPO. To gain insight into the mechanism of how LPO influences DNA repair-deficient cells, we measured the impact of the major endogenous LPO product, HNE, on WT and Ercc1-/- cells. HNE inhibited proliferation, stimulated ROS and LPO formation, induced DNA base damage, strand breaks, error-prone translesion DNA synthesis and cellular senescence much more potently in Ercc1-/- cells than in DNA repair-competent control cells. HNE also deregulated base excision repair and energy production pathways. Our observations that ERCC1-deficient cells and mice are hypersensitive to LPO implicates LPO-induced DNA damage in contributing to cellular demise and tissue degeneration, notably even when the source of LPO is dietary polyunsaturated fats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Czerwińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Nowak
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Wojtczak
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Dziuban-Lech
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław M Cieśla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Kołata
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Gajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Andria R Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hillary L Shane
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Siobhán Q Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Konrad Kosicki
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bednarek
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Oliński
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cseh AM, Fábián Z, Sümegi B, Scorrano L. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50221-50239. [PMID: 28430591 PMCID: PMC5564845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are a family of DNA-dependent nuclear enzymes catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose moieties from cellular nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide to a variety of target proteins. Although they have been considered as resident nuclear elements of the DNA repair machinery, recent works revealed a more intricate physiologic role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with numerous extranuclear activities. Indeed, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases participate in fundamental cellular processes like chromatin remodelling, transcription or regulation of the cell-cycle. These new insight into the physiologic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases widens the range of human pathologies in which pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes might have a therapeutic potential. Here, we overview our current knowledge on extranuclear functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with a particular focus on the mitochondrial ones and discuss potential fields of future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mária Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zsolt Fábián
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoon G, Caldecott KW. Nonsyndromic cerebellar ataxias associated with disorders of DNA single-strand break repair. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 155:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64189-2.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Schuhwerk H, Bruhn C, Siniuk K, Min W, Erener S, Grigaravicius P, Krüger A, Ferrari E, Zubel T, Lazaro D, Monajembashi S, Kiesow K, Kroll T, Bürkle A, Mangerich A, Hottiger M, Wang ZQ. Kinetics of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, but not PARP1 itself, determines the cell fate in response to DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11174-11192. [PMID: 28977496 PMCID: PMC5737718 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fastest cellular responses to genotoxic stress is the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymers (PAR) by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1, or ARTD1). PARP1 and its enzymatic product PAR regulate diverse biological processes, such as DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription and cell death. However, the inter-dependent function of the PARP1 protein and its enzymatic activity clouds the mechanism underlying the biological response. We generated a PARP1 knock-in mouse model carrying a point mutation in the catalytic domain of PARP1 (D993A), which impairs the kinetics of the PARP1 activity and the PAR chain complexity in vitro and in vivo, designated as hypo-PARylation. PARP1D993A/D993A mice and cells are viable and show no obvious abnormalities. Despite a mild defect in base excision repair (BER), this hypo-PARylation compromises the DNA damage response during DNA replication, leading to cell death or senescence. Strikingly, PARP1D993A/D993A mice are hypersensitive to alkylation in vivo, phenocopying the phenotype of PARP1 knockout mice. Our study thus unravels a novel regulatory mechanism, which could not be revealed by classical loss-of-function studies, on how PAR homeostasis, but not the PARP1 protein, protects cells and organisms from acute DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher Bruhn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Siniuk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wookee Min
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Suheda Erener
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Grigaravicius
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Krüger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRSCB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Zubel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRSCB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Lazaro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Shamci Monajembashi
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Kiesow
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olaparib modulates DNA repair efficiency, sensitizes cervical cancer cells to cisplatin and exhibits anti-metastatic property. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12876. [PMID: 28993682 PMCID: PMC5634505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 trapping at DNA lesion by pharmacological inhibitors has been exploited in several cancers exhibiting defects in DNA repair mechanisms. PARP1 hyperactivation is involved in therapeutic resistance in multiple cancers. The role of PARP1 in cervical cancer (CC) resistance and implication of PARP inhibitor is yet to be elucidated. Our data demonstrates significantly higher expression of PARP1 in primary cervical tumors and CC cell lines SiHa and ME180. Upon cisplatin treatment CC cells display significant overexpression of PARP1 and its hyperactivation. PARP inhibitor olaparib shows significant anti-proliferative effect on CC cells and drive loss of clonogenic survival and enhanced cell death in combination with cisplatin. PARP inhibited cells show delay in resolution of γH2A.X foci and prolonged late S and G2-M phase arrest resulting in apoptosis. Further, PARP inhibition disrupts the localization of base excision repair (BER) effector XRCC1 and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins Ku80 and XRCC4. Due to disrupted relocation of repair factors, cisplatin induced stalled replication forks collapse and convert into double strand breaks (DSBs). Interestingly, PARP inhibition also shows anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties in CC cells, increases anchorage independent cell death and induces anoikis. Collectively, our data demonstrates therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitor in cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Cells are exposed to various endogenous and exogenous insults that induce DNA damage, which, if unrepaired, impairs genome integrity and leads to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Recent evidence has implicated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in various DNA repair pathways and in the maintenance of genomic stability. The inhibition of PARP1 is therefore being exploited clinically for the treatment of various cancers, which include DNA repair-deficient ovarian, breast and prostate cancers. Understanding the role of PARP1 in maintaining genome integrity is not only important for the design of novel chemotherapeutic agents, but is also crucial for gaining insights into the mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer cells. In this Review, we discuss the roles of PARP1 in mediating various aspects of DNA metabolism, such as single-strand break repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair and the stabilization of replication forks, and in modulating chromatin structure.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abbotts R, Wilson DM. Coordination of DNA single strand break repair. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:228-244. [PMID: 27890643 PMCID: PMC5443707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic material of all organisms is susceptible to modification. In some instances, these changes are programmed, such as the formation of DNA double strand breaks during meiotic recombination to generate gamete variety or class switch recombination to create antibody diversity. However, in most cases, genomic damage is potentially harmful to the health of the organism, contributing to disease and aging by promoting deleterious cellular outcomes. A proportion of DNA modifications are caused by exogenous agents, both physical (namely ultraviolet sunlight and ionizing radiation) and chemical (such as benzopyrene, alkylating agents, platinum compounds and psoralens), which can produce numerous forms of DNA damage, including a range of "simple" and helix-distorting base lesions, abasic sites, crosslinks and various types of phosphodiester strand breaks. More significant in terms of frequency are endogenous mechanisms of modification, which include hydrolytic disintegration of DNA chemical bonds, attack by reactive oxygen species and other byproducts of normal cellular metabolism, or incomplete or necessary enzymatic reactions (such as topoisomerases or repair nucleases). Both exogenous and endogenous mechanisms are associated with a high risk of single strand breakage, either produced directly or generated as intermediates of DNA repair. This review will focus upon the creation, consequences and resolution of single strand breaks, with a particular focus on two major coordinating repair proteins: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abbotts
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berger NA, Besson VC, Boulares AH, Bürkle A, Chiarugi A, Clark RS, Curtin NJ, Cuzzocrea S, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Moroni F, Pacher P, Radermacher P, Salzman AL, Snyder SH, Soriano FG, Strosznajder RP, Sümegi B, Swanson RA, Szabo C. Opportunities for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the therapy of non-oncological diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:192-222. [PMID: 28213892 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical availability of the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) opens the door for potential therapeutic repurposing for non-oncological indications. Considering (a) the preclinical efficacy data with PARP inhibitors in non-oncological diseases and (b) the risk-benefit ratio of treating patients with a compound that inhibits an enzyme that has physiological roles in the regulation of DNA repair, we have selected indications, where (a) the severity of the disease is high, (b) the available therapeutic options are limited, and (c) the duration of PARP inhibitor administration could be short, to provide first-line options for therapeutic repurposing. These indications are as follows: acute ischaemic stroke; traumatic brain injury; septic shock; acute pancreatitis; and severe asthma and severe acute lung injury. In addition, chronic, devastating diseases, where alternative therapeutic options cannot halt disease development (e.g. Parkinson's disease, progressive multiple sclerosis or severe fibrotic diseases), should also be considered. We present a preclinical and clinical action plan for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Headache Center - University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Physiology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, University Hospital Medical Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neurology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ge J, Dong ZZ, Bai DM, Zhang L, Hu YL, Ji DY, Li ZH. A novel label-free fluorescent molecular beacon for the detection of 3′–5′ exonuclease enzymatic activity using DNA-templated copper nanoclusters. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01761h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A label-free biosensor was developed for highly sensitive and selective determination of Exo III based on poly(T) molecular beacon-templated CuNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ge
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Ya-Lei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Dan-Yang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang H, Zhao Z, Lei Z, Wang Z. Sensitive Detection of Polynucleotide Kinase Activity by Paper-Based Fluorescence Assay with λ Exonuclease Assistance. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11358-11363. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University
of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A
Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lei
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University
of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A
Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Das S, Filippone SM, Williams DS, Das A, Kukreja RC. Beet root juice protects against doxorubicin toxicity in cardiomyocytes while enhancing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:89-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Zhou SS, Zhang L, Cai QY, Dong ZZ, Geng X, Ge J, Li ZH. A facile label-free aptasensor for detecting ATP based on fluorescence enhancement of poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6711-7. [PMID: 27457102 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A label-free fluorescence assay has been developed for sensitive and selective detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by using poly(thymine) (poly T)-templated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as fluorescent indicator. In our design, ATP aptamer was split into two fragments, both of which were elongated with poly T strands that can be utilized as efficient template for the formation of copper nanoparticles through the reduction of copper ions by sodium ascorbate. In the presence of ATP, the two split aptamers could be dragged to form aptamer-ATP aptamer complex, which drew the poly T strands close to each other and induced a remarkable fluorescence enhancement of poly T-templated CuNPs. Thus, an elevated fluorescence enhancement of poly T-templated CuNPs was obtained with the increase in ATP concentration. Under optimized conditions, a good linear range for ATP detection was realized from 100 nM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 10.29 nM. In addition, the application of this biosensing system in complex biological matrix was demonstrated with satisfactory results. This assay provided a simple, label-free, cost-effective, and sensitive platform for the detection of ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Sai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qi-Yong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xin Geng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jia Ge
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu J, Gao Y, Li B, Jin Y. Cyclic up-regulation fluorescence of pyrene excimer for studying polynucleotide kinase activity based on dual amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Tsukimoto M. Purinergic Signaling Is a Novel Mechanism of the Cellular Response to Ionizing Radiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:951-9. [PMID: 26133701 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the effect of radiation is observed not only in irradiated cells but also in adjacent non-irradiated cells (bystander effect), although the mechanism has not yet been fully revealed. This bystander effect may be caused by intercellular communication via a gap junction or by messengers released from irradiated cells, such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, or cytokines. However, an unknown mechanism is also possible in the bystander effect. On the other hand, it is known that extracellular ATP, ADP, uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP), which are released from cells, act as intercellular signaling molecules by activating purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors (purinergic signaling). Recently, I have suggested these extracellular nucleotides may be novel mediators of a radiation-induced bystander effect, because our recent studies indicated that purinergic signaling is involved in important cellular responses to radiation. Our data indicate that ionizing irradiation causes activation of the transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) channel, and then ATP is released from cells through the anion channel or connexin43 hemichannel mediated by the activation of a P2X7 receptor. The released nucleotides activate P2Y6 and P2Y12 receptors, which are involved in the DNA damage response after irradiation. Activation of the P2Y6 receptor is also involved in radiation-induced activation of the epithelial growth factor receptor-extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (EGFR-ERK)1/2 pathway and subsequent nuclear translocation of EGFR, which plays a role in DNA repair. Further, the induction of an antioxidant after irradiation is also mediated by the activation of the P2Y receptor. In conclusion, purinergic signaling could play an important role in the protective cellular response to ionizing irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi Z, Zhang X, Cheng R, Li B, Jin Y. A label-free cyclic assembly of G-quadruplex nanowires for cascade amplification detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase activity and inhibition. Analyst 2016. [PMID: 26215375 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00968e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several fluorescence methods have been developed for sensitive detection of PNK activity based on signal amplification techniques, but they need fluorescently labeled DNA probes and superabundant assistant enzymes. We have addressed these limitations and report here a label-free and enzyme-free amplification strategy for sensitively and specifically studying PNK activity and inhibition via hybridization chain reaction (HCR). First, the phosphorylation of hairpin DNA H1 by T4 PNK makes it be specifically digested by lambda exonuclease (λ exo) from 5' to 3' direction to generate a single-stranded initiator which can successively open hairpins H2 and H3 to trigger an autonomous assembly of long DNA nanowires. Meanwhile, an intermolecular G-quadruplex is formed between H2 and H3, thereby providing fluorescence enhancement of N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) which is a highly quadruplex-selective fluorophore. So, the PNK activity can be facilely and sensitively detected by using NMM as a signal probe which provides a low background signal to improve the overall sensitivity, resulting in the detection limit of 3.37 × 10(-4) U mL(-1). More importantly, its successful application for detecting PNK activity in a complex biological matrix and studying the inhibition effects of PNK inhibitors demonstrated that it provides a promising platform for screening PNK inhibitors as well as detecting PNK activity. Therefore, it is a highly sensitive, specific, reliable and cost-effective strategy which shows great potential for biological process research, drug discovery, and clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dong ZZ, Zhang L, Qiao M, Ge J, Liu AL, Li ZH. A label-free assay for T4 polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase activity and its inhibitors based on poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoparticles. Talanta 2016; 146:253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
30
|
Ge J, Dong ZZ, Zhang L, Cai QY, Bai DM, Li ZH. Label-free biosensor based on dsDNA-templated copper nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective detection of NAD+. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel label-free biosensor for high sensing of NAD+ based on dsDNA-templated CuNPs and DNA ligation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ge
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chimento A, Saturnino C, Iacopetta D, Mazzotta R, Caruso A, Plutino MR, Mariconda A, Ramunno A, Sinicropi MS, Pezzi V, Longo P. Inhibition of human topoisomerase I and II and anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells by new titanocene complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7302-12. [PMID: 26526741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity shown by many platinum complexes has produced a strong interest in research of new organometallic compounds having anticancer action. Among the many metal compounds synthesized and tested, those based on titanium have received considerable attention because of their cytotoxic activity against solid tumors. Particularly, new titanocene compounds containing aromatic groups linked to the Cp (cyclopentadienyl ring, C5H5) have been synthetized, such as the titanocene Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium dichloride) that displayed promising medium-high cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cell lines. Other titanocene complexes recently synthesized, obtained by replacing the substituent methoxy-aryl of cyclopentadienes of titanocene Y with ethenyl-methoxide or ethenyl-phenoxide, showed increased cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cell lines being more stable compounds. In this paper, we report that new titanocene complexes holding lipophilic groups, for instance a methyl group on benzyl carbon, exhibit improved antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Similar results have been obtained introducing a 5-methoxy naphthyl group to further stabilize the titanocene complexes. These inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells have been ascribed to human topoisomerase I and II inhibition as demonstrated by specific enzymatic assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Messina and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Vill. S. Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Breslin C, Hornyak P, Ridley A, Rulten SL, Hanzlikova H, Oliver AW, Caldecott KW. The XRCC1 phosphate-binding pocket binds poly (ADP-ribose) and is required for XRCC1 function. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6934-44. [PMID: 26130715 PMCID: PMC4538820 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) is synthesized at DNA single-strand breaks and can promote the recruitment of the scaffold protein, XRCC1. However, the mechanism and importance of this process has been challenged. To address this issue, we have characterized the mechanism of poly (ADP-ribose) binding by XRCC1 and examined its importance for XRCC1 function. We show that the phosphate-binding pocket in the central BRCT1 domain of XRCC1 is required for selective binding to poly (ADP-ribose) at low levels of ADP-ribosylation, and promotes interaction with cellular PARP1. We also show that the phosphate-binding pocket is required for EGFP-XRCC1 accumulation at DNA damage induced by UVA laser, H2O2, and at sites of sub-nuclear PCNA foci, suggesting that poly (ADP-ribose) promotes XRCC1 recruitment both at single-strand breaks globally across the genome and at sites of DNA replication stress. Finally, we show that the phosphate-binding pocket is required following DNA damage for XRCC1-dependent acceleration of DNA single-strand break repair, DNA base excision repair, and cell survival. These data support the hypothesis that poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis promotes XRCC1 recruitment at DNA damage sites and is important for XRCC1 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Breslin
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Peter Hornyak
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Andrew Ridley
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Stuart L Rulten
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Hana Hanzlikova
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Antony W Oliver
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Keith W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Panigrahi SK, Hopkins KM, Lieberman HB. Regulation of NEIL1 protein abundance by RAD9 is important for efficient base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4531-46. [PMID: 25873625 PMCID: PMC4482081 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD9 participates in DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair. As a member of the RAD9-HUS1-RAD1 (9-1-1) complex, it can sense DNA damage and recruit ATR to damage sites. RAD9 binding can enhance activities of members of different DNA repair pathways, including NEIL1 DNA glycosylase, which initiates base excision repair (BER) by removing damaged DNA bases. Moreover, RAD9 can act independently of 9-1-1 as a gene-specific transcription factor. Herein, we show that mouse Rad9−/− relative to Rad9+/+ embryonic stem (ES) cells have reduced levels of Neil1 protein. Also, human prostate cancer cells, DU145 and PC-3, knocked down for RAD9 demonstrate reduced NEIL1 abundance relative to controls. We found that Rad9 is required for Neil1 protein stability in mouse ES cells, whereas it regulates NEIL1 transcription in the human cells. RAD9 depletion enhances sensitivity to UV, gamma rays and menadione, but ectopic expression of RAD9 or NEIL1 restores resistance. Glycosylase/apurinic lyase activity was reduced in Rad9−/− mouse ES and RAD9 knocked-down human prostate cancer whole cell extracts, relative to controls. Neil1 or Rad9 addition restored this incision activity. Thus, we demonstrate that RAD9 regulates BER by controlling NEIL1 protein levels, albeit by different mechanisms in human prostate cancer versus mouse ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Panigrahi
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kevin M Hopkins
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard B Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reynolds P, Cooper S, Lomax M, O'Neill P. Disruption of PARP1 function inhibits base excision repair of a sub-set of DNA lesions. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4028-38. [PMID: 25813046 PMCID: PMC4417162 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of endogenously induced DNA damage is essential to maintain genomic integrity. It has been shown that XRCC1 and PARP1 are involved in the repair of base lesions and SSBs, although the exact mode of action has yet to be determined. Here we show that XRCC1 is involved in the repair of base lesions and SSBs independent of the cell cycle. However, the rate of repair of damage requiring XRCC1 does reflect the damage complexity. The repair of induced DNA damage occurs by PARP1-dependent and PARP1-independent sub-pathways of BER. It is suggested that the repair of SSBs and purine base damage is by a sub-pathway of BER that requires both XRCC1 and PARP1. Repair of pyrimidine base damage may require XRCC1 but does not require PARP1 activity. Therefore, although BER of simple lesions occurs rapidly, pathway choice and the involvement of PARP1 are highly dependent on the types of lesion induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Reynolds
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Cooper
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martine Lomax
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Peter O'Neill
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Morris LGT, Chan TA. Therapeutic targeting of tumor suppressor genes. Cancer 2014; 121:1357-68. [PMID: 25557041 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process attributable to both gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Currently, most molecular targeted therapies are inhibitors of oncogenes, because inactivated tumor suppressor genes have proven harder to "drug." Nevertheless, in cancers, tumor suppressor genes undergo alteration more frequently than do oncogenes. In recent years, several promising strategies directed at tumor suppressor genes, or the pathways controlled by these genes, have emerged. Here, we describe advances in a number of different methodologies aimed at therapeutically targeting tumors driven by inactivated tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc G T Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abdou I, Poirier GG, Hendzel MJ, Weinfeld M. DNA ligase III acts as a DNA strand break sensor in the cellular orchestration of DNA strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:875-92. [PMID: 25539916 PMCID: PMC4333375 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current model of DNA SSBR, PARP1 is regarded as the sensor of single-strand breaks (SSBs). However, biochemical studies have implicated LIG3 as another possible SSB sensor. Using a laser micro-irradiation protocol that predominantly generates SSBs, we were able to demonstrate that PARP1 is dispensable for the accumulation of different single-strand break repair (SSBR) proteins at sites of DNA damage in live cells. Furthermore, we show in live cells for the first time that LIG3 plays a role in mediating the accumulation of the SSBR proteins XRCC1 and PNKP at sites of DNA damage. Importantly, the accumulation of LIG3 at sites of DNA damage did not require the BRCT domain-mediated interaction with XRCC1. We were able to show that the N-terminal ZnF domain of LIG3 plays a key role in the enzyme's SSB sensing function. Finally, we provide cellular evidence that LIG3 and not PARP1 acts as the sensor for DNA damage caused by the topoisomerase I inhibitor, irinotecan. Our results support the existence of a second damage-sensing mechanism in SSBR involving the detection of nicks in the genome by LIG3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Abdou
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Cancer Axis, CHUQ Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fouquerel E, Sobol RW. ARTD1 (PARP1) activation and NAD(+) in DNA repair and cell death. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:27-32. [PMID: 25283336 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD(+), is a small metabolite coenzyme that is essential for the progress of crucial cellular pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and mitochondrial respiration. These processes consume and produce both oxidative and reduced forms of NAD (NAD(+) and NADH). NAD(+) is also important for ADP(ribosyl)ation reactions mediated by the ADP-ribosyltransferase enzymes (ARTDs) or deacetylation reactions catalyzed by the sirtuins (SIRTs) which use NAD(+) as a substrate. In this review, we highlight the significance of NAD(+) catabolism in DNA repair and cell death through its utilization by ARTDs and SIRTs. We summarize the current findings on the involvement of ARTD1 activity in DNA repair and most specifically its involvement in the trigger of cell death mediated by ARTD1 activation and energy depletion. By sharing the same substrate, the activities of ARTDs and SIRTs are tightly linked, are dependent on each other and are thereby involved in the same cellular processes that play an important role in cancer biology, inflammatory diseases and ischaemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Abstract
DNA strand breaks arise continuously in cells and can lead to chromosome rearrangements and genome instability or cell death. The commonest DNA breaks are DNA single-strand breaks, which arise at a frequency of tens-of-thousands per cell each day and which can block the progression of RNA/DNA polymerases and disrupt gene transcription and genome duplication. If not rapidly repaired, SSBs can be converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during genome duplication, eliciting a complex series of DNA damage responses that attempt to protect cells from irreversible replication fork collapse. DSBs are the most cytotoxic and clastogenic type of DNA breaks, and can also arise independently of DNA replication, albeit at a frequency several orders of magnitude lower than SSBs. Here, I discuss the evidence that DNA single- and double -strand break repair pathways, and cellular tolerance mechanisms for protecting replication forks during genome duplication, utilize signalling by protein ADP-ribosyltransferases to protect cells from the harmful impact of DNA strand breakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brigton BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ge J, Tang LJ, Xi Q, Li XP, Yu RQ, Jiang JH, Chu X. A WS2 nanosheet based sensing platform for highly sensitive detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase and its inhibitors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6866-6872. [PMID: 24830570 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA phosphorylation, catalyzed by polynucleotide kinase (PNK), plays significant regulatory roles in many biological events. Here, a novel fluorescent nanosensor based on phosphorylation-specific exonuclease reaction and efficient fluorescence quenching of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by a WS2 nanosheet has been developed for monitoring the activity of PNK using T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK) as a model target. The fluorescent dye-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) remains highly fluorescent when mixed with WS2 nanosheets because of the weak adsorption of dsDNA on WS2 nanosheets. While dsDNA is phosphorylated by T4 PNK, it can be specifically degraded by λ exonuclease, producing ssDNA strongly adsorbed on WS2 nanosheets with greatly quenched fluorescence. Because of the high quenching efficiency of WS2 nanosheets, the developed platform presents excellent performance with a wide linear range, low detection limit and high signal-to-background ratio. Additionally, inhibition effects from adenosine diphosphate, ammonium sulfate, and sodium chloride have been investigated. The method may provide a universal platform for PNK activity monitoring and inhibitor screening in drug discovery and clinic diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Masumoto K, Tsukimoto M, Kojima S. Role of TRPM2 and TRPV1 cation channels in cellular responses to radiation-induced DNA damage. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3382-90. [PMID: 23458684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation exposure causes DNA damage, and DNA repair systems are essential to rescue damaged cells. Although DNA damage or oxidative stress activates transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channels, it has not been established whether these TRP channels are involved in cellular responses to radiation-induced DNA damage. Here, we investigated the contribution of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels to γ-irradiation- and UVB-induced DNA damage responses in human lung cancer A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were irradiated with γ-rays (2.0Gy) or UVB (5-10mJ/cm(2)). γH2AX foci, ATM activation, 53BP1 accumulation and EGFR expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Extracellular ATP concentration was measured by luciferin-luciferase assay. Knockdown of TRPM2 and TRPV1 expression was done by siRNA transfection. RESULTS γ-Irradiation-induced γH2AX focus formation, ATM activation, 53BP1 accumulation and EGFR nuclear translocation, which are all associated with DNA repair, were suppressed by knockdown of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels in A549 cells. Release of ATP, which mediates DNA damage response-associated activation of P2Y receptors, was suppressed by pre-treatment with catalase or knockdown of TRPM2 channel, but not TRPV1 channel. Similarly, UVB-induced γH2AX focus formation was suppressed in TRPM2- and TRPV1-knockdown cells, while UVB-induced ATP release was blocked in TRPM2- but not TRPV1-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the activation of TRPM2 channel, which mediates ATP release, and TRPV1 channel plays significant roles in the cellular responses to DNA damage induced by γ-irradiation and UVB irradiation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a new insight into the function of TRP channels from the viewpoint of radiation biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Masumoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Robert I, Karicheva O, Reina San Martin B, Schreiber V, Dantzer F. Functional aspects of PARylation in induced and programmed DNA repair processes: preserving genome integrity and modulating physiological events. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:1138-52. [PMID: 23454615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To cope with the devastating insults constantly inflicted to their genome by intrinsic and extrinsic DNA damaging sources, cells have evolved a sophisticated network of interconnected DNA caretaking mechanisms that will detect, signal and repair the lesions. Among the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate these events, PARylation catalyzed by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), appears as one of the earliest post-translational modification at the site of the lesion that is known to elicit recruitment and regulation of many DNA damage response proteins. In this review we discuss how the complex PAR molecule operates in stress-induced DNA damage signaling and genome maintenance but also in various physiological settings initiated by developmentally programmed DNA breakage. To illustrate the latter, particular emphasis will be placed on the emerging contribution of PARPs to B cell receptor assembly and diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Campalans A, Kortulewski T, Amouroux R, Menoni H, Vermeulen W, Radicella JP. Distinct spatiotemporal patterns and PARP dependence of XRCC1 recruitment to single-strand break and base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:3115-29. [PMID: 23355608 PMCID: PMC3597691 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-strand break repair (SSBR) and base excision repair (BER) of modified bases and abasic sites share several players. Among them is XRCC1, an essential scaffold protein with no enzymatic activity, required for the coordination of both pathways. XRCC1 is recruited to SSBR by PARP-1, responsible for the initial recognition of the break. The recruitment of XRCC1 to BER is still poorly understood. Here we show by using both local and global induction of oxidative DNA base damage that XRCC1 participation in BER complexes can be distinguished from that in SSBR by several criteria. We show first that XRCC1 recruitment to BER is independent of PARP. Second, unlike SSBR complexes that are assembled within minutes after global damage induction, XRCC1 is detected later in BER patches, with kinetics consistent with the repair of oxidized bases. Third, while XRCC1-containing foci associated with SSBR are formed both in eu- and heterochromatin domains, BER complexes are assembled in patches that are essentially excluded from heterochromatin and where the oxidized bases are detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Campalans
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-96265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Vos M, Schreiber V, Dantzer F. The diverse roles and clinical relevance of PARPs in DNA damage repair: current state of the art. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:137-46. [PMID: 22469522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) catalyzed poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is one of the earliest post-translational modification of proteins detectable at sites of DNA strand interruptions. The considerable recent progress in the science of PARP in the last decade and the discovery of a PARP superfamily (17 members) has introduced this modification as a key mechanism regulating a wide variety of cellular processes including among others transcription, regulation of chromatin dynamics, telomere homeostasis, differentiation and cell death. However, the most extensive studied and probably the best characterized role is in DNA repair where it plays pivotal roles in the processing and resolution of the damaged DNA. Although much of the focus has been on PARP1 in DNA repair, recent advances highlight the emergence of other DNA-dependent PARPs (i.e. PARP2, PARP3 and possibly Tankyrase) in this process. Here we will summarize the recent insights into the molecular functions of these PARPs in different DNA repair pathways in which they emerge as specific actors. Furthermore, the DNA repair functions of PARP1 have stimulated another area of intense research in the field with the development of potent and selective PARP1 inhibitors to promote genome instability and cell death in tumor cells. Their current use in clinical trials have demonstrated potentiation of antitumoral drugs and cytotoxicity in repair deficient tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike De Vos
- UMR7242-CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Observations that genome-wide DNA hypomethylation induces genomic instability and tumors in animals caution against the indiscriminate use of demethylating agents, such as 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC). Using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts harboring a lacZ mutational reporter construct that allows the quantification and characterization of a wide range of mutational events, we found that in addition to demethylation, treatment with 5-Aza-dC induces γ-H2AX expression, a marker for DNA breaks, and both point mutations and genome rearrangements. To gain insight into the source of these mutations we first tested the hypothesis that the mutagenic effect of 5-Aza-dC may be directly mediated through the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) covalently trapped in 5-Aza-dC-substituted DNA. Knock-down of DNMT1 resulted in increased resistance to the cytostatic effects of 5-Aza-dC, delayed onset of γ-H2AX expression and a significant reduction in the frequency of genome rearrangements. There was no effect on the 5-Aza-dC-induced point mutations. An alternative mechanism for 5-Aza-dC-induced demethylation and genome rearrangements via activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) followed by base excision repair (BER) was found not to be involved. That is, 5-Aza-dC treatment did not significantly induce AID expression and inhibition of BER did not reduce the frequency of genome rearrangements. Thus, our results indicate that the formation of DNMT1 adducts is the prevalent mechanism of 5-Aza-dC-induced genome rearrangements, although hypomethylation per se may still contribute. Since the therapeutic effects of 5-Aza-dC greatly depend on the presence of DNMT1, the expression level of DNA methyltransferases in tumors may serve as a prognostic factor for the efficacy of 5-Aza-dC treatment.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin L, Liu Y, Zhao X, Li J. Sensitive and rapid screening of T4 polynucleotide kinase activity and inhibition based on coupled exonuclease reaction and graphene oxide platform. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8396-402. [PMID: 22026510 DOI: 10.1021/ac200593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of DNA with 5'-hydroxyl termini plays a critical role in a majority of normal cellular events, including DNA recombination, DNA replication, and repair of DNA during strand interruption. Determination of nucleotide kinase activity and inhibition is under intense development due to its importance in regulating nucleic acid metabolism. Here, by using T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK) as a model, which plays an essential role in cellular nucleic acid metabolism, particularly in the cellular responses to DNA damage, we describe a strategy for simply and accurately determining nucleotide kinase activity and inhibition by means of a coupled λ exonuclease cleavage reaction and graphene oxide (GO) based platform. The dye attached dsDNA preserves most of the fluorescence when mixed with GO. While dsDNA is phosphorylated by PNK and then immediately cleaved by λ exonuclease, fluorescence is greatly quenched. Because of the super quenching ability and the high specific surface area of GO, the as-proposed platform presents an excellent performance with wide linear range and low detection limit in the cell extracts environment. Additionally, inhibition effects of adenosine diphosphate, ammonium sulfate, and sodium hydrogen phosphate have also been investigated. The method not only provides a universal platform for monitoring activity and inhibition of nucleotide kinase but also shows great potential in biological process researches, drug discovery, and clinic diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hanssen-Bauer A, Solvang-Garten K, Sundheim O, Peña-Diaz J, Andersen S, Slupphaug G, Krokan HE, Wilson DM, Akbari M, Otterlei M. XRCC1 coordinates disparate responses and multiprotein repair complexes depending on the nature and context of the DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:623-635. [PMID: 21786338 PMCID: PMC3229989 DOI: 10.1002/em.20663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
XRCC1 is a scaffold protein capable of interacting with several DNA repair proteins. Here we provide evidence for the presence of XRCC1 in different complexes of sizes from 200 to 1500 kDa, and we show that immunoprecipitates using XRCC1 as bait are capable of complete repair of AP sites via both short patch (SP) and long patch (LP) base excision repair (BER). We show that POLβ and PNK colocalize with XRCC1 in replication foci and that POLβ and PNK, but not PCNA, colocalize with constitutively present XRCC1-foci as well as damage-induced foci when low doses of a DNA-damaging agent are applied. We demonstrate that the laser dose used for introducing DNA damage determines the repertoire of DNA repair proteins recruited. Furthermore, we demonstrate that recruitment of POLβ and PNK to regions irradiated with low laser dose requires XRCC1 and that inhibition of PARylation by PARP-inhibitors only slightly reduces the recruitment of XRCC1, PNK, or POLβ to sites of DNA damage. Recruitment of PCNA and FEN-1 requires higher doses of irradiation and is enhanced by XRCC1, as well as by accumulation of PARP-1 at the site of DNA damage. These data improve our understanding of recruitment of BER proteins to sites of DNA damage and provide evidence for a role of XRCC1 in the organization of BER into multiprotein complexes of different sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audun Hanssen-Bauer
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Solvang-Garten
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Sundheim
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Javier Peña-Diaz
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Sonja Andersen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Hans E Krokan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on AgingNIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vinod KR, Chandra S, Sharma SK. Evaluation of 5-aminoisoquinoline (5-AIQ), a novel PARP-1 inhibitor for genotoxicity potential in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:90-5. [PMID: 20102296 DOI: 10.3109/15376510903572870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
5-aminoisoquinoline (5-AIQ) is an active PARP-1 inhibitor as well as an important functional group various drugs. Quinolines are generally known as mutagenic and carcinogenic in various in vitro and in vivo systems, while both positive and negative findings are available on the mutagenic potential of several isoquinolines. Since no literature is available on the genotoxicity of 5-AIQ, a battery of tests were conducted, in accordance with relevant OECD protocols, such as bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and bone marrow micronucleus test in mouse. These studies demonstrate that 5-AIQ does not possess genotoxic activity both with in vitro and in vivo systems. The findings substantiate the therapeutic value of 5-AIQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Vinod
- Division of Toxicology, Biological Research, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Glenmark Research Centre, A-607, TTC Industrial Area, MIDC, Mahape, Navi Mumbai-400709, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Louro H, Faustino I, Dias A, Boavida MG, Silva MJ. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 deficiency does not affect ethylnitrosourea mutagenicity in liver and testis of lacZ transgenic mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:322-329. [PMID: 20196134 DOI: 10.1002/em.20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp1) has been implicated in DNA base excision repair, single- and double-strand break repair pathways, as well as in cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. We used Parp1(-/-) lacZ plasmid-based transgenic mice to investigate whether Parp1 deficiency influences the in vivo mutagenic and clastogenic response to the alkylating agent N-ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) in somatic and germ-cell tissues. The comparison of the lacZ mutant frequencies (MFs) between Parp1(+/+) and Parp1(-/-) mice showed that the ablation of Parp1 does not affect the spontaneous or ENU-induced MFs in liver and testis. In addition, the spectrum of the ENU-induced mutations was not dependent on the Parp1 status, given that similar spectra, consisting mostly of point mutations and a small fraction of deletions/insertions, wereobserved in organs of both Parp1(-/-) and Parp1(+/+) mice. Sequencing of point mutations revealed a consistent significant increase in A:T --> T:A base substitutions, typically induced by ENU. Overall, we observed that neither the frequency nor the spectrum of ENU-induced mutations demonstrated a specificity that could be attributed to the Parp1 impairment in mice organs. The analysis of micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood reticulocytes showed that ENU was clastogenic in both Parp1(-/-) and Parp1(+/+) mice and had a strong cytotoxic effect in Parp1(-/-) mice only. The present data suggest that, at a whole-organism level, Parp1-independent repair mechanisms may be operative in the removal of ENU-induced DNA lesions or that highly damaged cells may be preferentially committed to death when Parp1 is inactivated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta Louro
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|