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Akuta T, Ura T, Oikawa T, Tomioka Y, Eguchi A, Arakawa T. Effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sarkosyl and sodium lauroyl glutamate on the structure of proteins monitored by agarose native gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism. Biophys Chem 2024; 314:107316. [PMID: 39168056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
We have studied binding properties of three detergents, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sarkosyl and sodium lauroyl glutamate (SLG), to model proteins based on their effects on electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins using agarose native gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism (CD). This simple technology can evaluate the dissociative properties of bound detergents from the proteins and their effects on protein structure. SDS influenced the electrophoretic mobilities of all model proteins more strongly than the other two detergents, implying a stronger inclination for protein binding and subsequent alterations in protein structure or reductions in activity, which are supported by CD analysis. On the contrary, Sarkosyl and SLG showed weaker binding and interfered less with the structure and biological activities, indicating that these detergents may be useful for protein purification and analysis. It appeared that SLG was weaker in protein binding than Sarkosyl, although the effects of these two detergents appeared to depend on the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Akuta
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-004, Japan.
| | - Tomoto Ura
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Oikawa
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-004, Japan.
| | - Yui Tomioka
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-004, Japan.
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Biobank Center, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, 13380 Pantera Rd, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
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2
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Fu Y, Han Z, Cheng W, Niu S, Wang T, Wang X. Improvement strategies for transient gene expression in mammalian cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:480. [PMID: 39365308 PMCID: PMC11452495 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cells are suitable hosts for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins, with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells being the most commonly used cell lines. Mammalian cell expression system includes stable and transient gene expression (TGE) system, with the TGE system having the advantages of short cycles and simple operation. By optimizing the TGE system, the expression of recombinant proteins has been significantly improved. Here, the TGE system and the detailed and up-to-date improvement strategies of mammalian cells, including cell line, expression vector, culture media, culture processes, transfection conditions, and co-expression of helper genes, are reviewed. KEY POINTS: • Detailed improvement strategies of transient gene expression system of mammalian cells are reviewed • The composition of transient expression system of mammalian cell are summarized • Proposed optimization prospects for transient gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zimeng Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wanting Cheng
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Shuaichen Niu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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3
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Escalante GM, Reidel IG, Mutsvunguma LZ, Cua S, Tello BA, Rodriguez E, Farelo MA, Zimmerman C, Muniraju M, Li H, Govindan AN, Axthelm MK, Wong SW, Ogembo JG. Multivalent MVA-vectored vaccine elicits EBV neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques that reduce EBV infection in humanized mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1445209. [PMID: 39346922 PMCID: PMC11427267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1445209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human herpesvirus associated with ~350,000 cases of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies every year, and is etiologically linked to infectious mononucleosis and multiple sclerosis. Despite four decades of research, no EBV vaccine candidate has yet reached licensure. Most previous vaccine attempts focused on a single viral entry glycoprotein, gp350, but recent data from clinical and pre-clinical studies, and the elucidation of viral entry mechanisms, support the inclusion of multiple entry glycoproteins in EBV vaccine design. Methods Here we generated a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vectored EBV vaccine, MVA-EBV5-2, that targets five EBV entry glycoproteins, gp350, gB, and the gp42gHgL complex. We characterized the genetic and translational stability of the vaccine, followed by immunogenicity assessment in BALB/c mice and rhesus lymphocryptovirus-negative rhesus macaques as compared to a gp350-based MVA vaccine. Finally, we assessed the efficacy of MVA-EBV5-2-immune rhesus serum at preventing EBV infection in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-reconstituted NSG mice, under two EBV challenge doses. Results The MVA-EBV5-2 vaccine was genetically and translationally stable over 10 viral passages as shown by genetic and protein expression analysis, and when administered to female and male BALB/c mice, elicited serum EBV-specific IgG of both IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes with neutralizing activity in vitro. In Raji B cells, this neutralizing activity outperformed that of serum from mice immunized with a monovalent MVA-vectored gp350 vaccine. Similarly, MVA-EBV5-2 elicited EBV-specific IgG in rhesus macaques that were detected in both serum and saliva of immunized animals, with serum antibodies demonstrating neutralizing activity in vitro that outperformed serum from MVA-gp350-immunized macaques. Finally, pre-treatment with serum from MVA-EBV5-2-immunized macaques resulted in fewer EBV-infected mice in the two challenge experiments than pretreatment with serum from pre-immune macaques or macaques immunized with the monovalent gp350-based vaccine. Discussion These results support the inclusion of multiple entry glycoproteins in EBV vaccine design and position our vaccine as a strong candidate for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Escalante
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ivana G Reidel
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine Z Mutsvunguma
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Simeon Cua
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Brenda A Tello
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mafalda A Farelo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Cloe Zimmerman
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Murali Muniraju
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - He Li
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Aparna N Govindan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Scott W Wong
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Javier Gordon Ogembo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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4
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Wang LT, Cooper AJR, Farrell B, Miura K, Diouf A, Müller-Sienerth N, Crosnier C, Purser L, Kirtley PJ, Maciuszek M, Barrett JR, McHugh K, Ogwang R, Tucker C, Li S, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Pyo CW, Skinner J, Nielsen CM, Silk SE, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Zhao M, Nguyen DC, Lee FEH, Minassian AM, Geraghty DE, Traore B, Seder RA, Wilder BK, Crompton PD, Wright GJ, Long CA, Draper SJ, Higgins MK, Tan J. Natural malaria infection elicits rare but potent neutralizing antibodies to the blood-stage antigen RH5. Cell 2024; 187:4981-4995.e14. [PMID: 39059381 PMCID: PMC11383431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (RH5) is the most advanced blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate and is being evaluated for efficacy in endemic regions, emphasizing the need to study the underlying antibody response to RH5 during natural infection, which could augment or counteract responses to vaccination. Here, we found that RH5-reactive B cells were rare, and circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to RH5 were short-lived in malaria-exposed Malian individuals, despite repeated infections over multiple years. RH5-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from eight malaria-exposed individuals mostly targeted non-neutralizing epitopes, in contrast to antibodies isolated from five RH5-vaccinated, malaria-naive UK individuals. However, MAD8-151 and MAD8-502, isolated from two malaria-exposed Malian individuals, were among the most potent neutralizers out of 186 antibodies from both cohorts and targeted the same epitopes as the most potent vaccine-induced antibodies. These results suggest that natural malaria infection may boost RH5-vaccine-induced responses and provide a clear strategy for the development of next-generation RH5 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Wang
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew J R Cooper
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Brendan Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ababacar Diouf
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Cécile Crosnier
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Lauren Purser
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Payton J Kirtley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Maciej Maciuszek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jordan R Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kirsty McHugh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rodney Ogwang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Courtney Tucker
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Shanping Li
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Doumtabe
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sarah E Silk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Ming Zhao
- Protein Chemistry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Angela M Minassian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Mali International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Point G, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon K Wilder
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Simon J Draper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Joshua Tan
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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5
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Chokshi CR, Shaikh MV, Brakel B, Rossotti MA, Tieu D, Maich W, Anand A, Chafe SC, Zhai K, Suk Y, Kieliszek AM, Miletic P, Mikolajewicz N, Chen D, McNicol JD, Chan K, Tong AHY, Kuhlmann L, Liu L, Alizada Z, Mobilio D, Tatari N, Savage N, Aghaei N, Grewal S, Puri A, Subapanditha M, McKenna D, Ignatchenko V, Salamoun JM, Kwiecien JM, Wipf P, Sharlow ER, Provias JP, Lu JQ, Lazo JS, Kislinger T, Lu Y, Brown KR, Venugopal C, Henry KA, Moffat J, Singh SK. Targeting axonal guidance dependencies in glioblastoma with ROBO1 CAR T cells. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03138-9. [PMID: 39095594 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to genotoxic therapies and tumor recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. In this study, we investigated functional drivers of post-treatment recurrent GBM through integrative genomic analyses, genome-wide genetic perturbation screens in patient-derived GBM models and independent lines of validation. Specific genetic dependencies were found consistent across recurrent tumor models, accompanied by increased mutational burden and differential transcript and protein expression compared to its primary GBM predecessor. Our observations suggest a multi-layered genetic response to drive tumor recurrence and implicate PTP4A2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2) as a modulator of self-renewal, proliferation and tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM. Genetic perturbation or small-molecule inhibition of PTP4A2 acts through a dephosphorylation axis with roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) and its downstream molecular players, exploiting a functional dependency on ROBO signaling. Because a pan-PTP4A inhibitor was limited by poor penetrance across the blood-brain barrier in vivo, we engineered a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against ROBO1, a cell surface receptor enriched across recurrent GBM specimens. A single dose of ROBO1-targeted CAR T cells doubled median survival in cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models of recurrent GBM. Moreover, in CDX models of adult lung-to-brain metastases and pediatric relapsed medulloblastoma, ROBO1 CAR T cells eradicated tumors in 50-100% of mice. Our study identifies a promising multi-targetable PTP4A-ROBO1 signaling axis that drives tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM, with potential in other malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu R Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Vaseem Shaikh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Brakel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A Rossotti
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Tieu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Maich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alisha Anand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn C Chafe
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kui Zhai
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Agata M Kieliszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Petar Miletic
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Chen
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie D McNicol
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Chan
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Tong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Kuhlmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra Alizada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Mobilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nikoo Aghaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shan Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anish Puri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacek M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John P Provias
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu Lu
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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6
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Arras P, Zimmermann J, Lipinski B, Valldorf B, Evers A, Elter D, Krah S, Doerner A, Guarnera E, Siegmund V, Kolmar H, Pekar L, Zielonka S. Bovine ultralong CDR-H3 derived knob paratopes elicit potent TNF-α neutralization and enable the generation of novel adalimumab-based antibody architectures with augmented features. Biol Chem 2024; 405:461-470. [PMID: 38373142 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work we have generated cattle-derived chimeric ultralong CDR-H3 antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) via immunization and yeast surface display. We identified one particular ultralong CDR-H3 paratope that potently neutralized TNF-α. Interestingly, grafting of the knob architecture onto a peripheral loop of the CH3 domain of the Fc part of an IgG1 resulted in the generation of a TNF-α neutralizing Fc (Fcknob) that did not show any potency loss compared with the parental chimeric IgG format. Eventually, grafting this knob onto the CH3 region of adalimumab enabled the engineering of a novel TNF-α targeting antibody architecture displaying augmented TNF-α inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Arras
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Biomolecular Immunotherapy, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Targeted mRNA Delivery, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Zimmermann
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Britta Lipinski
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Biomolecular Immunotherapy, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Valldorf
- Targeted mRNA Delivery, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desislava Elter
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Enrico Guarnera
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vanessa Siegmund
- Early Protein Supply & Characterization, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Biomolecular Immunotherapy, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Zhang B, Swanson WB, Durdan M, Livingston HN, Dodd M, Vidanapathirana SM, Desai A, Douglas L, Mishina Y, Weivoda M, Greineder CF. Affinity targeting of therapeutic proteins to the bone surface-local delivery of sclerostin-neutralizing antibody enhances efficacy. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:717-728. [PMID: 38526976 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Currently available biotherapeutics for the treatment of osteoporosis lack explicit mechanisms for bone localization, potentially limiting efficacy and inducing off-target toxicities. While various strategies have been explored for targeting the bone surface, critical aspects remain poorly understood, including the optimal affinity ligand, the role of binding avidity and circulation time, and, most importantly, whether or not this strategy can enhance the functional activity of clinically relevant protein therapeutics. To investigate, we generated fluorescent proteins (eg, mCherry) with site-specifically attached small molecule (bisphosphonate) or peptide (deca-aspartate, D10) affinity ligands. While both affinity ligands successfully anchored fluorescent protein to the bone surface, quantitative radiotracing revealed only modest femoral and vertebral accumulation and suggested a need for enhanced circulation time. To achieve this, we fused mCherry to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 and attached D10 peptides to each C-terminus. The mCherry-Fc-D10 demonstrated an ~80-fold increase in plasma exposure and marked increases in femoral and vertebral accumulation (13.6% ± 1.4% and 11.4% ± 1.3% of the injected dose/g [%ID/g] at 24 h, respectively). To determine if bone surface targeting could enhance the efficacy of a clinically relevant therapeutic, we generated a bone-targeted sclerostin-neutralizing antibody, anti-sclerostin-D10. The targeted antibody demonstrated marked increases in bone accumulation and retention (20.9 ± 2.5% and 19.5 ± 2.5% ID/g in femur and vertebrae at 7 days) and enhanced effects in a murine model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss (bone volume/total volume, connectivity density, and structure model index all increased [P < .001] vs untargeted anti-sclerostin). Collectively, our results indicate the importance of both bone affinity and circulation time in achieving robust targeting of therapeutic proteins to the bone surface and suggest that this approach may enable lower doses and/or longer dosing intervals without reduction in biotherapeutic efficacy. Future studies will be needed to determine the translational potential of this strategy and its potential impact on off-site toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Margaret Durdan
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Heather N Livingston
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michaela Dodd
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sachith M Vidanapathirana
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alec Desai
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lindsey Douglas
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan Weivoda
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Yan W, Li Y, Xie S, Tao WA, Hu J, Liu H, Zhang G, Liu F, Nie Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wei D, Ma C, Zhang H, Xu H, Wang S. Chondrocyte-Targeted Delivery System of Sortase A-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Silencing MMP13 for Osteoarthritis Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303510. [PMID: 38545904 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery and the reduction of off-target effects are crucial for the promising clinical application of nucleic acid drugs. To address this challenge, a new approach for treating osteoarthritis (OA) that accurately delivers antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) targeting matrix metalloproteinase-13 (ASO-MMP13) to chondrocytes, is developed. Small extracellular vesicles (exos) are ligated with chondrocyte affinity peptide (CAP) using Sortase A and subsequently incubated with cholesterol-modified ASO-MMP13 to construct a chondrocyte-targeted drug delivery exo (CAP-exoASO). Compared with exos without CAP (ExoASO), CAP-exoASOs attenuate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damage and prolong the retention time of ASO-MMP13 in the joint without distribution in major organs following intra-articular injection. Notably, CAP-exoASOs decrease MMP13 expression (P < 0.001) and upregulate COL2A1 expression (P = 0.006), resulting in reorganization of the cartilage matrix and alleviation of progression in the OA model. Furthermore, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score of articular cartilage tissues treated with CAP-exoASO is comparable with that of healthy rats (P = 0.148). A mechanistic study demonstrates that CAP-exoASO may reduce inflammation by suppressing the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Based on the targeted delivery effect, CAP-exoASOs successfully accomplish cartilage repair and have considerable potential for development as a promising therapeutic modality for satisfactory OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215127, China
| | - Shuqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Guiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Yamei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- EVLiXiR Biotech Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210032, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
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9
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Segireddy RR, Belda H, Yang ASP, Dundas K, Knoeckel J, Galaway F, Wood L, Quinkert D, Knuepfer E, Treeck M, Wright GJ, Douglas AD. A screen for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein binding to human hepatocyte surface receptors identifies novel host-pathogen interactions. Malar J 2024; 23:151. [PMID: 38755636 PMCID: PMC11098746 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is an essential step in the Plasmodium life-cycle and has similarities, at the cellular level, to merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. In the case of the Plasmodium blood-stage, efforts to identify host-pathogen protein-protein interactions have yielded important insights including vaccine candidates. In the case of sporozoite-hepatocyte invasion, the host-pathogen protein-protein interactions involved are poorly understood. METHODS To gain a better understanding of the protein-protein interaction between the sporozoite ligands and host receptors, a systematic screen was performed. The previous Plasmodium falciparum and human surface protein ectodomain libraries were substantially extended, resulting in the creation of new libraries comprising 88 P. falciparum sporozoite protein coding sequences and 182 sequences encoding human hepatocyte surface proteins. Having expressed recombinant proteins from these sequences, a plate-based assay was used, capable of detecting low affinity interactions between recombinant proteins, modified for enhanced throughput, to screen the proteins for interactions. The novel interactions identified in the screen were characterized biochemically, and their essential role in parasite invasion was further elucidated using antibodies and genetically manipulated Plasmodium parasites. RESULTS A total of 7540 sporozoite-hepatocyte protein pairs were tested under conditions capable of detecting interactions of at least 1.2 µM KD. An interaction between the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and the P. falciparum protein Pf34 is identified and reported here, characterizing its affinity and demonstrating the blockade of the interaction by reagents, including a monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, further interactions between Pf34 and a second P. falciparum rhoptry neck protein, PfRON6, and between human low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the P. falciparum protein PIESP15 are identified. Conditional genetic deletion confirmed the essentiality of PfRON6 in the blood-stage, consistent with the important role of this protein in parasite lifecycle. Pf34 was refractory to attempted genetic modification. Antibodies to Pf34 abrogated the interaction and had a modest effect upon sporozoite invasion into primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Pf34 and PfRON6 may be members of a functionally important invasion complex which could be a target for future interventions. The modified interaction screening assay, protein expression libraries and P. falciparum mutant parasites reported here may be a useful tool for protein interaction discovery and antigen candidate screening which could be of wider value to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswara R Segireddy
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Hugo Belda
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Annie S P Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Dundas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Julia Knoeckel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Francis Galaway
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Laura Wood
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Doris Quinkert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ellen Knuepfer
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Moritz Treeck
- Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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10
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Thiel D, Yañez Guerra LA, Kieswetter A, Cole AG, Temmerman L, Technau U, Jékely G. Large-scale deorphanization of Nematostella vectensis neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptors supports the independent expansion of bilaterian and cnidarian peptidergic systems. eLife 2024; 12:RP90674. [PMID: 38727714 PMCID: PMC11087051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are ancient signaling molecules in animals but only few peptide receptors are known outside bilaterians. Cnidarians possess a large number of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) - the most common receptors of bilaterian neuropeptides - but most of these remain orphan with no known ligands. We searched for neuropeptides in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and created a library of 64 peptides derived from 33 precursors. In a large-scale pharmacological screen with these peptides and 161 N. vectensis GPCRs, we identified 31 receptors specifically activated by 1 to 3 of 14 peptides. Mapping GPCR and neuropeptide expression to single-cell sequencing data revealed how cnidarian tissues are extensively connected by multilayer peptidergic networks. Phylogenetic analysis identified no direct orthology to bilaterian peptidergic systems and supports the independent expansion of neuropeptide signaling in cnidarians from a few ancestral peptide-receptor pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thiel
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Amanda Kieswetter
- Animal Physiology & Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alison G Cole
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Animal Physiology & Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ulrich Technau
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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11
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Roberts AJ, Ong HB, Clare S, Brandt C, Harcourt K, Takele Y, Ghosh P, Toepp A, Waugh M, Matano D, Färnert A, Adams E, Moreno J, Mbuchi M, Petersen C, Mondal D, Kropf P, Wright GJ. A panel of recombinant Leishmania donovani cell surface and secreted proteins identifies LdBPK_323600.1 as a serological marker of symptomatic infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0085924. [PMID: 38639536 PMCID: PMC11077996 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00859-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly infectious disease and is one of the world's major neglected health problems. Because the symptoms of infection are similar to other endemic diseases, accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. Definitive diagnosis using splenic or bone marrow aspirates is highly invasive, and so, serological assays are preferred, including the direct agglutination test (DAT) or rK39 strip test. These tests, however, are either difficult to perform in the field (DAT) or lack specificity in some endemic regions (rK39), making the development of new tests a research priority. The availability of Leishmania spp. genomes presents an opportunity to identify new diagnostic targets. Here, we use genome data and a mammalian protein expression system to create a panel of 93 proteins consisting of the extracellular ectodomains of the Leishmania donovani cell surface and secreted proteins. We use these panel and sera from murine experimental infection models and natural human and canine infections to identify new candidates for serological diagnosis. We observed a concordance between the most immunoreactive antigens in different host species and transmission settings. The antigen encoded by the LdBPK_323600.1 gene can diagnose Leishmania infections with high sensitivity and specificity in patient cohorts from different endemic regions including Bangladesh and Ethiopia. In longitudinal sampling of treated patients, we observed reductions in immunoreactivity to LdBPK_323600.1 suggesting it could be used to diagnose treatment success. In summary, we have identified new antigens that could contribute to improved serological diagnostic tests to help control the impact of this deadly tropical infectious disease. IMPORTANCE Visceral leishmaniasis is fatal if left untreated with patients often displaying mild and non-specific symptoms during the early stages of infection making accurate diagnosis important. Current methods for diagnosis require highly trained medical staff to perform highly invasive biopsies of the liver or bone marrow which pose risks to the patient. Less invasive molecular tests are available but can suffer from regional variations in their ability to accurately diagnose an infection. To identify new diagnostic markers of visceral leishmaniasis, we produced and tested a panel of 93 proteins identified from the genome of the parasite responsible for this disease. We found that the pattern of host antibody reactivity to these proteins was broadly consistent across naturally acquired infections in both human patients and dogs, as well as experimental rodent infections. We identified a new protein called LdBPK_323600.1 that could accurately diagnose visceral leishmaniasis infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Roberts
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Han Boon Ong
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Pathogen Laboratory Support, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- Pathogen Laboratory Support, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Pathogen Laboratory Support, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yegnasew Takele
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Angela Toepp
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Max Waugh
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Daniel Matano
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anna Färnert
- Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Adams
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Moreno
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas—CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret Mbuchi
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pascale Kropf
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Wright
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and York, Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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12
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Colville MJ, Huang LT, Schmidt S, Chen K, Vishwanath K, Su J, Williams RM, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Recombinant manufacturing of multispecies biolubricants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592580. [PMID: 38746339 PMCID: PMC11092771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lubricin, a lubricating glycoprotein abundant in synovial fluid, forms a low-friction brush polymer interface in tissues exposed to sliding motion including joints, tendon sheaths, and the surface of the eye. Despite its therapeutic potential in diseases such as osteoarthritis and dry eye disease, there are few sources available. Through rational design, we developed a series of recombinant lubricin analogs that utilize the species-specific tissue-binding domains at the N- and C-termini to increase biocompatibility while replacing the central mucin domain with an engineered variant that retains the lubricating properties of native lubricin. In this study, we demonstrate the tissue binding capacity of our engineered lubricin product and its retention in the joint space of rats. Next, we present a new bioprocess chain that utilizes a human-derived cell line to produce O-glycosylation consistent with that of native lubricin and a purification strategy that capitalizes on the positively charged, hydrophobic N- and C-terminal domains. The bioprocess chain is demonstrated at 10 L scale in industry-standard equipment utilizing commonly available ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography resins. Finally, we confirmed the purity and lubricating properties of the recombinant biolubricant. The biomolecular engineering and bioprocessing strategies presented here are an effective means of lubricin production and could have broad applications to the study of mucins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall J. Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Schmidt
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Karan Vishwanath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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13
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Powell GT, Faro A, Zhao Y, Stickney H, Novellasdemunt L, Henriques P, Gestri G, White ER, Ren J, Lu W, Young RM, Hawkins TA, Cavodeassi F, Schwarz Q, Dreosti E, Raible DW, Li VSW, Wright GJ, Jones EY, Wilson SW. Cachd1 interacts with Wnt receptors and regulates neuronal asymmetry in the zebrafish brain. Science 2024; 384:573-579. [PMID: 38696577 PMCID: PMC7615972 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurons on the left and right sides of the nervous system often show asymmetric properties, but how such differences arise is poorly understood. Genetic screening in zebrafish revealed that loss of function of the transmembrane protein Cachd1 resulted in right-sided habenula neurons adopting left-sided identity. Cachd1 is expressed in neuronal progenitors, functions downstream of asymmetric environmental signals, and influences timing of the normally asymmetric patterns of neurogenesis. Biochemical and structural analyses demonstrated that Cachd1 can bind simultaneously to Lrp6 and Frizzled family Wnt co-receptors. Consistent with this, lrp6 mutant zebrafish lose asymmetry in the habenulae, and epistasis experiments support a role for Cachd1 in modulating Wnt pathway activity in the brain. These studies identify Cachd1 as a conserved Wnt receptor-interacting protein that regulates lateralized neuronal identity in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth T. Powell
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ana Faro
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Heather Stickney
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Departments of Otolaryngology-HNS and Biological Structure, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
- Ambry Genetics; Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Laura Novellasdemunt
- The Francis Crick Institute; London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Henriques
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Weixian Lu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rodrigo M. Young
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London; London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor; Camino La Piramide 5750, 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas A. Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- St. George’s, University of London; London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London; London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Elena Dreosti
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David W. Raible
- Departments of Otolaryngology-HNS and Biological Structure, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
| | | | - Gavin J. Wright
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York; York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - E. Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London; London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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14
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Zhang H, Yan W, Wang J, Xie S, Tao WA, Lee CW, Zhang X, Zhang G, Liu Y, Wei D, Hu J, Liu H, Liu F, Nie Y, Chen X, Xu H, Xia J, Wang S. Surface functionalization of exosomes for chondrocyte-targeted siRNA delivery and cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2024; 369:493-505. [PMID: 38582335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative cartilage disease, but no effective treatment is currently available to ameliorate the dysregulation of cartilage catabolism. Cartilage degeneration is closely related to the change in the physiology of chondrocytes: for example, chondrocytes of the OA patients overexpress matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), a.k.a. collagenase 3, which damages the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cartilage and deteriorate the disease progression. Inhibiting MMP13 has shown to be beneficial for OA treatments, but delivering therapeutics to the chondrocytes embedded in the dense cartilage is a challenge. Here, we engineered the exosome surface with the cartilage affinity peptide (CAP) through lipid insertion to give chondrocyte-targeting exosomes, CAP-Exo, which was then loaded with siRNA against MMP13 (siMMP13) in the interior to give CAP-Exo/siMMP13. Intra-articular administration of CAP-Exo/siMMP13 reduced the MMP13 level and increased collagen COL2A1 and proteoglycan in cartilage in a rat model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA. Proteomic analysis showed that CAP-Exo/siMMP13 treatment restored the altered protein levels in the IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Taken together, a facile exosome engineering method enabled targeted delivery of siRNA to chondrocytes and chondrocyte-specific silencing of MMP13 to attenuate cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; EVLiXiR Biotech Inc., Nanjing 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Xiamen Children's Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Andy Tao
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China..
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Shen Q, Hasegawa K, Oelerich N, Prakken A, Tersch LW, Wang J, Reichhardt F, Tersch A, Choo JC, Timmers T, Hofmann K, Parker JE, Chai J, Maekawa T. Cytoplasmic calcium influx mediated by plant MLKLs confers TNL-triggered immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:453-465.e6. [PMID: 38513655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The plant homolog of vertebrate necroptosis inducer mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) contributes to downstream steps in Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain NLR (TNL)-receptor-triggered immunity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis MLKL1 (AtMLKL1) clusters into puncta at the plasma membrane upon TNL activation and that this sub-cellular reorganization is dependent on the TNL signal transducer, EDS1. We find that AtMLKLs confer TNL-triggered immunity in parallel with RPW8-type HeLo-domain-containing NLRs (RNLs) and that the AtMLKL N-terminal HeLo domain is indispensable for both immunity and clustering. We show that the AtMLKL HeLo domain mediates cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) influx in plant and human cells, and AtMLKLs are responsible for sustained [Ca2+]cyt influx during TNL-triggered, but not CNL-triggered, immunity. Our study reveals parallel immune signaling functions of plant MLKLs and RNLs as mediators of [Ca2+]cyt influx and a potentially common role of the HeLo domain fold in the Ca2+-signal relay of diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Shen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Keiichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Nicole Oelerich
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Anna Prakken
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Lea Weiler Tersch
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Junli Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Frowin Reichhardt
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Alexandra Tersch
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Je Cuan Choo
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Ton Timmers
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Kay Hofmann
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, NRW, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Jijie Chai
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, NRW, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Takaki Maekawa
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, NRW, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, NRW, Germany.
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16
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Ruocco V, Grünwald-Gruber C, Rad B, Tscheliessnig R, Hammel M, Strasser R. Effects of N-glycans on the structure of human IgA2. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1390659. [PMID: 38645274 PMCID: PMC11026580 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1390659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition of IgA antibodies into clinical development is crucial because they have the potential to create a new class of therapeutics with superior pathogen neutralization, cancer cell killing, and immunomodulation capacity compared to IgG. However, the biological role of IgA glycans in these processes needs to be better understood. This study provides a detailed biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of recombinant monomeric human IgA2, which varies in the amount/locations of attached glycans. Monomeric IgA2 antibodies were produced by removing the N-linked glycans in the CH1 and CH2 domains. The impact of glycans on oligomer formation, thermal stability, and receptor binding was evaluated. In addition, we performed a structural analysis of recombinant IgA2 in solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) to examine the effect of glycans on protein structure and flexibility. Our results indicate that the absence of glycans in the Fc tail region leads to higher-order aggregates. SAXS, combined with atomistic modeling, showed that the lack of glycans in the CH2 domain results in increased flexibility between the Fab and Fc domains and a different distribution of open and closed conformations in solution. When binding with the Fcα-receptor, the dissociation constant remains unaltered in the absence of glycans in the CH1 or CH2 domain, compared to the fully glycosylated protein. These results provide insights into N-glycans' function on IgA2, which could have important implications for developing more effective IgA-based therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ruocco
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Behzad Rad
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Rupert Tscheliessnig
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Knopf JD, Steigleder SS, Korn F, Kühnle N, Badenes M, Tauber M, Theobald SJ, Rybniker J, Adrain C, Lemberg MK. RHBDL4-triggered downregulation of COPII adaptor protein TMED7 suppresses TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1528. [PMID: 38453906 PMCID: PMC10920636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a central regulator of innate immunity that primarily recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide cell wall constituents to trigger cytokine secretion. We identify the intramembrane protease RHBDL4 as a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling. We show that RHBDL4 triggers degradation of TLR4's trafficking factor TMED7. This counteracts TLR4 transport to the cell surface. Notably, TLR4 activation mediates transcriptional upregulation of RHBDL4 thereby inducing a negative feedback loop to reduce TLR4 trafficking to the plasma membrane. This secretory cargo tuning mechanism prevents the over-activation of TLR4-dependent signaling in an in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis macrophage infection model and consequently alleviates septic shock in a mouse model. A hypomorphic RHBDL4 mutation linked to Kawasaki syndrome, an ill-defined inflammatory disorder in children, further supports the pathophysiological relevance of our findings. In this work, we identify an RHBDL4-mediated axis that acts as a rheostat to prevent over-activation of the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Knopf
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne S Steigleder
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friederike Korn
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kühnle
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Badenes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University and Faculty of Veterinary Nursing, Polytechnic Institute of Lusofonia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marina Tauber
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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18
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Avci D, Heidasch R, Costa M, Lüchtenborg C, Kale D, Brügger B, Lemberg MK. Intramembrane protease SPP defines a cholesterol-regulated abundance control of the mevalonate pathway enzyme squalene synthase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105644. [PMID: 38218226 PMCID: PMC10850959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis regulates important processes such as signaling and transcriptional and posttranslational abundance control of proteins with key functions in metabolic pathways. This includes transcriptional control of mevalonate pathway genes, thereby ensuring balanced biosynthesis of cholesterol and other isoprenoids. Our work shows that, at high cholesterol levels, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) cleaves squalene synthase (SQS), an enzyme that defines the branching point for allocation of isoprenoids to the sterol and nonsterol arms of the mevalonate pathway. This intramembrane cleavage releases SQS from the membrane and targets it for proteasomal degradation. Regulation of this mechanism is achieved by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRC8 that, in addition to ubiquitinating SQS in response to cholesterol levels, acts as an allosteric activator of SPP-catalyzed intramembrane cleavage of SQS. Cellular cholesterol levels increase in the absence of SPP activity. We infer from these results that, SPP-TRC8 mediated abundance control of SQS acts as a regulation step within the mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönem Avci
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ronny Heidasch
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Costa
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dipali Kale
- Biochemistry Center of Heidelberg University (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Biochemistry Center of Heidelberg University (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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19
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Nishimura Y, Sato K, Koyanagi Y, Wakita T, Muramatsu M, Shimizu H, Bergelson JM, Arita M. Enterovirus A71 does not meet the uncoating receptor SCARB2 at the cell surface. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012022. [PMID: 38359079 PMCID: PMC10901359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection involves a variety of receptors. Among them, two transmembrane protein receptors have been investigated in detail and shown to be critical for infection: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in lymphocytes (Jurkat cells), and scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. PSGL-1 and SCARB2 have been reported to be expressed on the surface of Jurkat and RD cells, respectively. In the work reported here, we investigated the roles of PSGL-1 and SCARB2 in the process of EV-A71 entry. We first examined the expression of SCARB2 in Jurkat cells, and detected it within the cytoplasm, but not on the cell surface. Further, using PSGL-1 and SCARB2 knockout cells, we found that although both PSGL-1 and SCARB2 are essential for virus infection of Jurkat cells, virus attachment to these cells requires only PSGL-1. These results led us to evaluate the cell surface expression and the roles of SCARB2 in other EV-A71-susceptible cell lines. Surprisingly, in contrast to the results of previous studies, we found that SCARB2 is absent from the surface of RD cells and other susceptible cell lines we examined, and that although SCARB2 is essential for infection of these cells, it is dispensable for virus attachment. These results indicate that a receptor other than SCARB2 is responsible for virus attachment to the cell and probably for internalization of virions, not only in Jurkat cells but also in RD cells and other EV-A71-susceptible cells. SCARB2 is highly concentrated in lysosomes and late endosomes, where it is likely to trigger acid-dependent uncoating of virions, the critical final step of the entry process. Our results suggest that the essential interactions between EV-A71 and SCARB2 occur, not at the cell surface, but within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorihiro Nishimura
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kei Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey M Bergelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Gashti AB, Agbayani G, Hrapovic S, Nassoury N, Coulombe N, Dudani R, Harrison BA, Akache B, Gilbert R, Chahal PS. Production, purification and immunogenicity of Gag virus-like particles carrying SARS-CoV-2 components. Vaccine 2024; 42:40-52. [PMID: 38042697 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The virus-like particle (VLP) platform is a robust inducer of humoral and cellular immune responses; hence, it has been used in vaccine development for several infectious diseases. In the current work, VLPs carrying SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein (Wuhan strain) with an HIV-1 Gag core were produced using suspension HEK 293SF-3F6 cells by transient transfection. The Gag was fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) for rapid quantification of the VLPs. Five different versions of Gag-Spike VLPs (Gag-S-VLPs) consisting of Gag-S alone or combined with other SARS-CoV-2 components, namely Gag-S-Nucleocapsid (N), Gag-S-Matrix (M), Gag-S-Envelope (E), Gag-S-MEN, along with Gag alone were produced and processed by clarification, nuclease treatment, concentration by tangential flow filtration (TFF) and diafiltration. A pilot mouse study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Gag-S-VLPs through the measurement of the humoral and/or cellular responses against all the mentioned SARS-CoV-2 components. Antibody response to Spike was observed in all variants. The highest number of Spike-specific IFN-γ + T cells was detected with Gag-S-VLPs. No induction of antigen-specific cellular responses to M, N or E proteins were detected with any of the Gag-S, M, E/or N VLPs tested. Therefore, the Gag-S-VLP, by reason of consistently eliciting strong antigen-specific cellular and antibody responses, was selected for further evaluation. The purification process was improved by replacing the conventional centrifugation by serial microfiltration in the clarification step, followed by Spike-affinity chromatography to get concentrated VLPs with higher purity. Three different doses of Gag-S-VLP in conjunction with two adjuvants (Quil-A or AddaVax) were used to assess the dose-dependent antigen-specific cellular and antibody responses in mice. The Gag-S-VLP adjuvanted with Quil-A resulted in a stronger Spike-specific cellular response compared to that adjuvanted with AddaVax. A strong spike neutralisation activity was observed for all doses, independent of the adjuvant combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Agbayani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabahudin Hrapovic
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nasha Nassoury
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Coulombe
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Renu Dudani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Blair A Harrison
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bassel Akache
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Abukar S, Zhang X, Dragūnaitė B, Chabrier G, de Groot R. N-Glycan Insertion for Probing Protein-Protein Interactions and Epitope Mapping. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2747:41-53. [PMID: 38038930 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3589-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Introducing an N-linked glycosylation motif into recombinant proteins at specific sites is a useful tool in probing protein-protein interactions and epitope mapping. Due to their large size, a new N-glycan can block protein-protein interactions if it is introduced by site-directed mutagenesis on the same face as a ligand or antibody binding site. Recombinant mutant proteins containing these engineered glycans can then be studied using binding or functional assays to establish if the new glycan causes steric hindrance, prevents an important protein-protein interaction, or blocks (auto)antibody binding. In this book chapter, we provide guides and protocols for inserting engineered glycans, including how to use AlphaFold models to choose amino acid residues on the surface of protein domains that are suitable for mutagenesis into N-linked glycosylation motifs as well as protocols for site-directed mutagenesis and recombinant protein expression of the N-glycan variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayma Abukar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bertina Dragūnaitė
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gwladys Chabrier
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rens de Groot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
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22
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Schütz A, Bernhard F, Berrow N, Buyel JF, Ferreira-da-Silva F, Haustraete J, van den Heuvel J, Hoffmann JE, de Marco A, Peleg Y, Suppmann S, Unger T, Vanhoucke M, Witt S, Remans K. A concise guide to choosing suitable gene expression systems for recombinant protein production. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102572. [PMID: 37917580 PMCID: PMC10643540 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview guides both novices and experienced researchers facing challenging targets to select the most appropriate gene expression system for producing a particular protein. By answering four key questions, readers can determine the most suitable gene expression system following a decision scheme. This guide addresses the most commonly used and accessible systems and provides brief descriptions of the main gene expression systems' key characteristics to assist decision making. Additionally, information has been included for selected less frequently used "exotic" gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schütz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Technology Platform for Protein Production & Characterization, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nick Berrow
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes F Buyel
- Univeristy of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederico Ferreira-da-Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jurgen Haustraete
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research & Ugent, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Hoffmann
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sabine Suppmann
- Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tamar Unger
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Martine Vanhoucke
- BCCM/GeneCorner Plasmid Collection, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Susanne Witt
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Remans
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Janakiraman M, Leliavski A, Varadarajulu J, Jenne D, Krishnamoorthy G. An engineered Fc fusion protein that targets antigen-specific T cells and autoantibodies mitigates autoimmune disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:291. [PMID: 38057803 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current effective therapies for autoimmune diseases rely on systemic immunomodulation that broadly affects all T and/or B cell responses. An ideal therapeutic approach would combine autoantigen-specific targeting of both T and B cell effector functions, including efficient removal of pathogenic autoantibodies. Albeit multiple strategies to induce T cell tolerance in an autoantigen-specific manner have been proposed, therapeutic removal of autoantibodies remains a significant challenge. Here, we devised an approach to target both autoantigen-specific T cells and autoantibodies by producing a central nervous system (CNS) autoantigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-Fc fusion protein. We demonstrate that MOG-Fc fusion protein has significantly higher bioavailability than monomeric MOG and is efficient in clearing anti-MOG autoantibodies from circulation. We also show that MOG-Fc promotes T cell tolerance and protects mice from MOG-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This multipronged targeting approach may be therapeutically advantageous in the treatment of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathangi Janakiraman
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jeeva Varadarajulu
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dieter Jenne
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Mucosal Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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24
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Reis J, Gorgulla C, Massari M, Marchese S, Valente S, Noce B, Basile L, Törner R, Cox H, Viennet T, Yang MH, Ronan MM, Rees MG, Roth JA, Capasso L, Nebbioso A, Altucci L, Mai A, Arthanari H, Mattevi A. Targeting ROS production through inhibition of NADPH oxidases. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1540-1550. [PMID: 37884805 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are transmembrane enzymes that are devoted to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In cancers, dysregulation of NOX enzymes affects ROS production, leading to redox unbalance and tumor progression. Consequently, NOXs are a drug target for cancer therapeutics, although current therapies have off-target effects: there is a need for isoenzyme-selective inhibitors. Here, we describe fully validated human NOX inhibitors, obtained from an in silico screen, targeting the active site of Cylindrospermum stagnale NOX5 (csNOX5). The hits are validated by in vitro and in cellulo enzymatic and binding assays, and their binding modes to the dehydrogenase domain of csNOX5 studied via high-resolution crystal structures. A high-throughput screen in a panel of cancer cells shows activity in selected cancer cell lines and synergistic effects with KRAS modulators. Our work lays the foundation for the development of inhibitor-based methods for controlling the tightly regulated and highly localized ROS sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Gorgulla
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marta Massari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Marchese
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Basile
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ricarda Törner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huel Cox
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thibault Viennet
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moon Hee Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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25
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Lao T, Farnos O, Bueno A, Alvarez A, Rodríguez E, Palacios J, de la Luz KR, Kamen A, Carpio Y, Estrada MP. Transient Expression in HEK-293 Cells in Suspension Culture as a Rapid and Powerful Tool: SARS-CoV-2 N and Chimeric SARS-CoV-2N-CD154 Proteins as a Case Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3050. [PMID: 38002050 PMCID: PMC10669214 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous work, we proposed a vaccine chimeric antigen based on the fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein to the extracellular domain of the human CD40 ligand (CD154). This vaccine antigen was named N-CD protein and its expression was carried out in HEK-293 stably transfected cells, grown in adherent conditions and serum-supplemented medium. The chimeric protein obtained in these conditions presented a consistent pattern of degradation. The immunization of mice and monkeys with this chimeric protein was able to induce a high N-specific IgG response with only two doses in pre-clinical experiments. In order to explore ways to diminish protein degradation, in the present work, the N and N-CD proteins were produced in suspension cultures and serum-free media following transient transfection of the HEK-293 clone 3F6, at different scales, including stirred-tank controlled bioreactors. The results showed negligible or no degradation of the target proteins. Further, clones stably expressing N-CD were obtained and adapted to suspension culture, obtaining similar results to those observed in the transient expression experiments in HEK-293-3F6. The evidence supports transient protein expression in suspension cultures and serum-free media as a powerful tool to produce in a short period of time high levels of complex proteins susceptible to degradation, such as the SARS-CoV-2 N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thailin Lao
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Omar Farnos
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexi Bueno
- Process Development Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba (J.P.); (K.R.d.l.L.)
| | - Anays Alvarez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Elsa Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Julio Palacios
- Process Development Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba (J.P.); (K.R.d.l.L.)
| | - Kathya Rashida de la Luz
- Process Development Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba (J.P.); (K.R.d.l.L.)
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (O.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Department, Havana 10600, Cuba; (T.L.)
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26
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Zhang J, Xu Y, Wang C, Tuo X, Zhao X, Qiao W, Tan J. PREB inhibits the replication of prototype foamy virus by affecting its transcription. Virol J 2023; 20:244. [PMID: 37885034 PMCID: PMC10604407 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foamy viruses (FVs) are unique nonpathogenic retroviruses, which remain latent in the host for a long time. Therefore, they may be safe, effective gene transfer vectors. In this study, were assessed FV-host cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying FV latent infection. METHODS We used the prototype FV (PFV) to infect HT1080 cells and a PFV indicator cell line (PFVL) to measure virus titers. After 48 h of infection, the culture supernatant (i.e., cell-free PFV particles) and transfected cells (i.e., cell-associated PFV particles) were harvested and incubated with PFVL. After another 48 h, the luciferase activity was used to measure virus titers. RESULTS Through transcriptomics sequencing, we found that PREB mRNA expression was significantly upregulated. Moreover, PREB overexpression reduced PFV replication, whereas endogenous PREB knockdown increased PFV replication. PREB interacted with the Tas DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains and interfered with its binding to the PFV long terminal repeat and internal promoter, preventing the recruitment of transcription factors and thereby inhibiting the transactivation function of Tas. PREB C-terminal 329-418 aa played a major role in inhibiting PFV replication; PREB also inhibited bovine FV replication. Therefore, PREB has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on FV replication. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that PREB inhibits PFV replication by impeding its transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Centrer, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P. R. China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingli Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Centrer, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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27
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Sherman DJ, Liu L, Mamrosh JL, Xie J, Ferbas J, Lomenick B, Ladinsky MS, Verma R, Rulifson IC, Deshaies RJ. The fatty liver disease-causing protein PNPLA3-I148M alters lipid droplet-Golgi dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562302. [PMID: 37873239 PMCID: PMC10592801 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3, encoding the protein PNPLA3-I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD to date. Despite its discovery twenty years ago, the function of PNPLA3, and now the role of PNPLA3-I148M, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to dissect the biogenesis of PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M and characterize changes induced by endogenous expression of the disease-causing variant. Contrary to bioinformatic predictions and prior studies with overexpressed proteins, we demonstrate here that PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M are not endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane proteins. To identify their intracellular associations, we generated a paired set of isogenic human hepatoma cells expressing PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M at endogenous levels. Both proteins were enriched in lipid droplet, Golgi, and endosomal fractions. Purified PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M proteins associated with phosphoinositides commonly found in these compartments. Despite a similar fractionation pattern as the wild-type variant, PNPLA3-I148M induced morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus, including increased lipid droplet-Golgi contact sites, which were also observed in I148M-expressing primary human patient hepatocytes. In addition to lipid droplet accumulation, PNPLA3-I148M expression caused significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes that resembled all stages of liver disease. Cumulatively, we validate an endogenous human cellular system for investigating PNPLA3-I148M biology and identify the Golgi apparatus as a central hub of PNPLA3-I148M-driven cellular change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Liu
- Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - John Ferbas
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mark S. Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rati Verma
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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28
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Mitchell KG, Gong B, Hunter SS, Burkart-Waco D, Gavira-O'Neill CE, Templeton KM, Goethel ME, Bzymek M, MacNiven LM, Murray KD, Settles ML, Froenicke L, Trimmer JS. High-volume hybridoma sequencing on the NeuroMabSeq platform enables efficient generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and scFvs for neuroscience research. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16200. [PMID: 37758930 PMCID: PMC10533561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neuroscience Monoclonal Antibody Sequencing Initiative (NeuroMabSeq) is a concerted effort to determine and make publicly available hybridoma-derived sequences of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) valuable to neuroscience research. Over 30 years of research and development efforts including those at the UC Davis/NIH NeuroMab Facility have resulted in the generation of a large collection of mouse mAbs validated for neuroscience research. To enhance dissemination and increase the utility of this valuable resource, we applied a high-throughput DNA sequencing approach to determine immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable domain sequences from source hybridoma cells. The resultant set of sequences was made publicly available as a searchable DNA sequence database (neuromabseq.ucdavis.edu) for sharing, analysis and use in downstream applications. We enhanced the utility, transparency, and reproducibility of the existing mAb collection by using these sequences to develop recombinant mAbs. This enabled their subsequent engineering into alternate forms with distinct utility, including alternate modes of detection in multiplexed labeling, and as miniaturized single chain variable fragments or scFvs. The NeuroMabSeq website and database and the corresponding recombinant antibody collection together serve as a public DNA sequence repository of mouse mAb heavy and light chain variable domain sequences and as an open resource for enhancing dissemination and utility of this valuable collection of validated mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Mitchell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samuel S Hunter
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diana Burkart-Waco
- DNA Technology Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Clara E Gavira-O'Neill
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kayla M Templeton
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Madeline E Goethel
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Malgorzata Bzymek
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leah M MacNiven
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew L Settles
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lutz Froenicke
- DNA Technology Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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29
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Jalšić L, Lytvyn V, Elahi SM, Hrapovic S, Nassoury N, Chahal PS, Gaillet B, Gilbert R. Inducible HEK293 AAV packaging cell lines expressing Rep proteins. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:259-275. [PMID: 37560197 PMCID: PMC10407821 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Packaging or producer cell lines for scalable recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production have been notoriously difficult to create due in part to the cytostatic nature of the Rep proteins required for AAV production. The most difficult challenge being creating AAV packaging cell lines using HEK293 parental cells, currently the best mammalian platform for rAAV production due to the constitutive expression of E1A in HEK293 cells, a key REP transcription activator. Using suspension and serum-free media adapted HEK293SF carrying a gene expression regulation system induced by addition of cumate and coumermycin, we were able to create REP-expressing AAV packaging cells. This was achieved by carefully choosing two of the AAV Rep proteins (Rep 40 and 68), using two inducible promoters with different expression levels and integrating into the cells through lentiviral vector transduction. Three of our best clones produced rAAV titers comparable to titers obtained by standard triple plasmid transfection of their parental cells. These clones were stable for up to 7 weeks under continuous cultures condition. rAAV production from one clone was also validated at scale of 1 L in a wave bioreactor using serum-free suspension culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Jalšić
- Département de Génie Chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lytvyn
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sabahudin Hrapovic
- Advanced Biomaterials and Chemical Synthesis Team, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Nasha Nassoury
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Parminder Singh Chahal
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Département de Génie Chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Département de Génie Chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9 Canada
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30
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de Weerd NA, Ogungbola O, Liu X, Matthews AY, Ismail A, Vivian JP, Lim SS, Tyrrell DL, Putcha N, Skawinski M, Dickensheets H, Lavoie TB, Donnelly RP, Hertzog PJ, Santer DM. Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Measure Cell Surface Protein Levels of Human Interferon-Lambda Receptor 1. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:403-413. [PMID: 37499093 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-lambdas, IFN-λs) are important antiviral cytokines that can also modulate immune responses by acting through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the specific and limited expressed IFN-λR1 chain and the ubiquitous IL-10R2 chain, which is shared with IL-10 family cytokines. Conflicting data have been reported regarding which cells express the IFN-λR1 subunit and directly respond to IFN-λs. This is, in part, owing to transcript levels of the IFN-λR1 gene, IFNLR1, not always correlating with cell surface protein levels. In this study, we tested a panel of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically recognize human IFN-λR1. Initially, antigen specificity was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), from which a subset of antibodies was selected for additional flow cytometry and neutralization assays. We further characterized two antibodies based on their strong ELISA binding activity (HLR1 and HLR14) and found only HLR14 could reliably detect cell surface IFN-λR1 protein on a variety of cell lines by flow cytometry. HLR14 could also detect IFN-λR1 protein on certain primary human blood cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells from peripheral blood. Availability of the HLR14 mAb will enable the quantification of IFN-λR1 protein levels on cells and better characterization of the cell specificity of the IFN-λ response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Xinyun Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Amina Ismail
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Niru Putcha
- PBL Assay Science, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Harold Dickensheets
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas B Lavoie
- PBL Assay Science, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Strategic Biomarker Deployment, Califon, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Hautiere M, Vivier D, Pineau D, Denis C, Kereselidze D, Herbet A, Costa N, Goncalves V, Selingue E, Larrat B, Hugnot JP, Denat F, Boquet D, Truillet C. ImmunoPET imaging-based pharmacokinetic profiles of an antibody and its Fab targeting endothelin A receptors on glioblastoma stem cells in a preclinical orthotopic model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3192-3201. [PMID: 37280303 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) to treatment is one of the causes of glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. Endothelin A receptor (ETA) overexpression in GSCs constitutes an attractive biomarker for targeting this cell subpopulation, as illustrated by several clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of endothelin receptor antagonists against GBM. In this context, we have designed an immunoPET radioligand combining the chimeric antibody targeting ETA, chimeric-Rendomab A63 (xiRA63), with 89Zr isotope and evaluated the abilities of xiRA63 and its Fab (ThioFab-xiRA63) to detect ETA+ tumors in a mouse model xenografted orthotopically with patient-derived Gli7 GSCs. RESULTS Radioligands were intravenously injected and imaged over time by µPET-CT imaging. Tissue biodistribution and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed, highlighting the ability of [89Zr]Zr-xiRA63 to pass across the brain tumor barrier and achieve better tumor uptake than [89Zr]Zr-ThioFab-xiRA63. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the high potential of [89Zr]Zr-xiRA63 in specifically targeting ETA+ tumors, thus raising the possibility of detecting and treating ETA+ GSCs, which could improve the management of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hautiere
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, 91401, Orsay, France
| | | | - Donovan Pineau
- Université de Montpellier, IGF, INSERM U 1191 - CNRS UMR 5203, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Denis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, 91401, Orsay, France
| | | | - Amaury Herbet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Narciso Costa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Erwan Selingue
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin/BAOBAB, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin/BAOBAB, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean Philippe Hugnot
- Université de Montpellier, IGF, INSERM U 1191 - CNRS UMR 5203, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Dijon, France
| | - Didier Boquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, 91401, Orsay, France.
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Li R, Wang Z, Liu C, Qiao W, Tan J. Effects of Chemokine Ligand 2 on Budding of Bovine Foamy Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1867. [PMID: 37766274 PMCID: PMC10536199 DOI: 10.3390/v15091867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is essential for the budding of retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bovine foamy virus (BFV), which rely on their late domain to recruit ESCRT complexes to facilitate budding. However, the impact of intracellular host proteins on BFV budding remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of CCL2 on BFV budding and interactions with key host proteins. Our results indicate that CCL2 promotes BFV budding in an ALG-2-interacting protein X (Alix)-dependent manner by enhancing the interaction between Alix and BFV Gag (BGag). Notably, we found a link between Alix, BGag and CCL2, with Alix mediating the interaction between the latter two. Furthermore, we observed that natural host bovine CCL2 also has a facilitating role in the budding process of BFV, similar to human CCL2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CCL2 promotes BFV budding by enhancing the Alix-BGag association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (R.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (W.Q.)
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Mitchell KG, Gong B, Hunter SS, Burkart-Waco D, Gavira-O’Neill CE, Templeton KM, Goethel ME, Bzymek M, MacNiven LM, Murray KD, Settles ML, Froenicke L, Trimmer JS. NeuroMabSeq: high volume acquisition, processing, and curation of hybridoma sequences and their use in generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies and scFvs for neuroscience research. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546392. [PMID: 37425915 PMCID: PMC10327083 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The Neuroscience Monoclonal Antibody Sequencing Initiative (NeuroMabSeq) is a concerted effort to determine and make publicly available hybridoma-derived sequences of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) valuable to neuroscience research. Over 30 years of research and development efforts including those at the UC Davis/NIH NeuroMab Facility have resulted in the generation of a large collection of mouse mAbs validated for neuroscience research. To enhance dissemination and increase the utility of this valuable resource, we applied a high-throughput DNA sequencing approach to determine immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable domain sequences from source hybridoma cells. The resultant set of sequences was made publicly available as searchable DNA sequence database ( neuromabseq.ucdavis.edu ) for sharing, analysis and use in downstream applications. We enhanced the utility, transparency, and reproducibility of the existing mAb collection by using these sequences to develop recombinant mAbs. This enabled their subsequent engineering into alternate forms with distinct utility, including alternate modes of detection in multiplexed labeling, and as miniaturized single chain variable fragments or scFvs. The NeuroMabSeq website and database and the corresponding recombinant antibody collection together serve as a public DNA sequence repository of mouse mAb heavy and light chain variable domain sequences and as an open resource for enhancing dissemination and utility of this valuable collection of validated mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G. Mitchell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, CA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Samuel S. Hunter
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, CA
| | | | - Clara E. Gavira-O’Neill
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Kayla M. Templeton
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Madeline E. Goethel
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Malgorzata Bzymek
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Leah M. MacNiven
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Karl D. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | | | - Lutz Froenicke
- DNA Technology Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, CA
| | - James S. Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
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34
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Ziegengeist T, Orth J, Kroll K, Schneider M, Spindler N, Dimova D, Handschuh S, Brandenburg A, Ossola R, Furtmann N, Birkenfeld J, Beil C, Hoffmann D, Schmidt T, Sendak R, Fischer M, Hölper S, Kühn J. High-Throughput and Format-Agnostic Mispairing Assay for Multispecific Antibodies Using Intact Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37369001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Multispecific antibodies have gained significant importance in a broad indication space due to their ability to engage multiple epitopes simultaneously and to thereby overcome therapeutic barriers. With growing therapeutic potential, however, the molecular complexity increases, thus intensifying the demand for innovative protein engineering and analytical strategies. A major challenge for multispecific antibodies is the correct assembly of light and heavy chains. Engineering strategies exist to stabilize the correct pairing, but typically individual engineering campaigns are required to arrive at the anticipated format. Mass spectrometry has proven to be a versatile tool to identify mispaired species. However, due to manual data analysis procedures, mass spectrometry is limited to lower throughputs. To keep pace with increasing sample numbers, we developed a high-throughput-capable mispairing workflow based on intact mass spectrometry with automated data analysis, peak detection, and relative quantification using Genedata Expressionist. This workflow is capable of detecting mispaired species of ∼1000 multispecific antibodies in three weeks and thus is applicable to complex screening campaigns. As a proof of concept, the assay was applied to engineering a trispecific antibody. Strikingly, the new setup has not only proved successful in mispairing analysis but has also revealed its potential to automatically annotate other product-related impurities. Furthermore, we could confirm the assay to be format-agnostic, as shown by analyzing several different multispecific formats in one run. With these comprehensive capabilities, the new automated intact mass workflow can be applied as a universal tool to detect and annotate peaks in a format-agnostic approach and in high-throughput, thus enabling complex discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Ziegengeist
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Jennifer Orth
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Katja Kroll
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Marion Schneider
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Nadja Spindler
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Dilyana Dimova
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Severin Handschuh
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Furtmann
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Joerg Birkenfeld
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
- Perspix Biotech GmbH FiZ Frankfurt Innovation Center Biotechnology, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Beil
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Dietmar Hoffmann
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Thorsten Schmidt
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sendak
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Melanie Fischer
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Soraya Hölper
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kühn
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
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35
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Juncker T, Chatton B, Donzeau M. The Prodigious Potential of mRNA Electrotransfer as a Substitute to Conventional DNA-Based Transient Transfection. Cells 2023; 12:1591. [PMID: 37371061 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient transfection of foreign DNA is the most widely used laboratory technique to study gene function and product. However, the transfection efficiency depends on many parameters, including DNA quantity and quality, transfection methods and target cell lines. Here, we describe the considerable advantage of mRNA electroporation compared to conventional DNA-based systems. Indeed, our methodology offers extremely high transfection efficiency up to 98% regardless of the cell line tested. Protein expression takes place a few hours post-transfection and lasts over 72 h, but overall, the electrotransfer of mRNAs enables the monitoring of the level of protein expressed by simply modulating the amount of mRNAs used. As a result, we successfully conducted cell imaging by matching the levels of expressed VHHs and the antigen present in the cell, preventing the necessity to remove the excess unbound VHHs. Altogether, our results demonstrate that mRNA electrotransfer could easily supplant the conventional DNA-based transient expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Juncker
- UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Chatton
- UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Mariel Donzeau
- UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch, France
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36
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Broussau S, Lytvyn V, Simoneau M, Guilbault C, Leclerc M, Nazemi-Moghaddam N, Coulombe N, Elahi SM, McComb S, Gilbert R. Packaging cells for lentiviral vectors generated using the cumate and coumermycin gene induction systems and nanowell single-cell cloning. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:40-57. [PMID: 36936448 PMCID: PMC10018046 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are important for cell therapy because of their capacity to stably modify the genome after integration. This study describes a novel and relatively simple approach to generate packaging cells and producer clones for self-inactivating (SIN) LVs pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). A novel gene regulation system, based on the combination of the cumate and coumermycin induction systems, was developed to ensure tight control for the expression of cytotoxic packaging elements. To accelerate clone isolation and ensure monoclonality, the packaging genes were transfected simultaneously into human embryonic kidney cells (293SF-3F6) previously engineered with the induction system, and clones were isolated after limiting dilution into nanowell arrays using a robotic cell picking instrument with scanning capability. The method's effectiveness to isolate colonies derived from single cells was demonstrated using mixed populations of cells labeled with two different fluorescent markers. Because the recipient cell line grew in suspension culture, and all the procedures were performed without serum, the resulting clones were readily adaptable to serum-free suspension culture. The best producer clone produced LVs expressing GFP at a titer of 2.3 × 108 transduction units (TU)/mL in the culture medium under batch mode without concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Broussau
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lytvyn
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Simoneau
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Claire Guilbault
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Leclerc
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Nazila Nazemi-Moghaddam
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Coulombe
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Scott McComb
- Department of Immunology, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
- Département de Génie chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Corresponding author: Rénald Gilbert, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada.
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37
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Sun H, Wang S, Lu M, Tinberg CE, Alba BM. Protein production from HEK293 cell line-derived stable pools with high protein quality and quantity to support discovery research. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285971. [PMID: 37267316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics and recombinant protein reagents are often produced in mammalian expression systems, which provide human-like post-translational modifications. Among the available mammalian cell lines used for recombinant protein expression, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived suspension cells are generally utilized because they are easy to culture and tend to produce proteins in high yield. However, some proteins purified from CHO cell overexpression suffer from clipping and display undesired non-human post translational modifications (PTMs). In addition, CHO cell lines are often not suitable for producing proteins with many glycosylation motifs for structural biology studies, as N-linked glycosylation of proteins poses challenges for structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Hence, alternative and complementary cell lines are required to address these issues. Here, we present a robust method for expressing proteins in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)-derived stable pools, leading to recombinant protein products with much less clipped species compared to those expressed in CHO cells and with higher yield compared to those expressed in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells. Importantly, the stable pool generation protocol is also applicable to HEK293S GnTI- (N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I-negative) and Expi293F GnTI- suspension cells, facilitating production of high yields of proteins with less complex glycans for use in structural biology projects. Compared to HEK293S GnTI- stable pools, Expi293F GnTI- stable pools consistently produce proteins with similar or higher expression levels. HEK293-derived stable pools can lead to a significant cost reduction and greatly promote the production of high-quality proteins for diverse research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Songyu Wang
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mei Lu
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christine E Tinberg
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
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38
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Windheim M, Reubold TF, Aichane K, Gaestel M, Burgert HG. Enforced Dimerization of CD45 by the Adenovirus E3/49K Protein Inhibits T Cell Receptor Signaling. J Virol 2023; 97:e0189822. [PMID: 37125921 PMCID: PMC10231199 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01898-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are widespread pathogens that generally cause mild infections in immunocompetent individuals but severe or even fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients. In order to counteract the host immune defenses, HAdVs encode various immunomodulatory proteins in the early transcription unit 3 (E3). The E3/49K protein is a highly glycosylated type I transmembrane protein uniquely expressed by species D HAdVs. Its N-terminal ectodomain sec49K is released by metalloprotease-mediated shedding at the cell surface and binds to the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45, a critical regulator of leukocyte activation and functions. It remained elusive which domains of CD45 and E3/49K are involved in the interaction and whether such an interaction can also occur on the cell surface with membrane-anchored full-length E3/49K. Here, we show that the two extracellular domains R1 and R2 of E3/49K bind to the same site in the domain d3 of CD45. This interaction enforces the dimerization of CD45, causing the inhibition of T cell receptor signaling. Intriguingly, the membrane-anchored E3/49K appears to be designed like a "molecular fishing rod" using an extended disordered region of E3/49K as a "fishing line" to bridge the distance between the plasma membrane of infected cells and the CD45 binding site on T cells to effectively position the domains R1 and R2 as baits for CD45 binding. This design strongly suggests that both secreted sec49K as well as membrane-anchored full-length E3/49K have immunomodulatory functions. The forced dimerization of CD45 may be applied as a therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. IMPORTANCE The battle between viruses and their hosts is an ongoing arms race. Whereas the host tries to detect and eliminate the virus, the latter counteracts such antiviral measures to replicate and spread. Adenoviruses have evolved various mechanisms to evade the human immune response. The E3/49K protein of species D adenoviruses mediates the inhibition of immune cell function via binding to the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Here, we show that E3/49K triggers the dimerization of CD45 and thereby inhibits its phosphatase activity. Intriguingly, the membrane-anchored E3/49K seems to be designed like a "molecular fishing rod" with the two CD45 binding domains of E3/49K as baits positioned at the end of an extended disordered region reminiscent of a fishing line. The adenoviral strategy to inhibit CD45 activity by forced dimerization may be used for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases or to prevent graft rejection after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Windheim
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Reubold
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Khadija Aichane
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Gerhard Burgert
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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39
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Zou LL, Zhao FL, Qi YY, Wang SH, Zhou Q, Geng PW, Zhou YF, Zhang Q, Chen H, Dai DP, Cai JP, Ji FS. Characterization of 15 CYP2J2 variants identified in the Chinese Han population on the metabolism of ebastine and terfenadine in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186824. [PMID: 37288113 PMCID: PMC10242136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene can significantly influence the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. However, few studies have focused on the polymorphism of CYP2J2 and its impact on drug catalytic activity, especially in the Chinese Han population. In this study, we sequenced the promoter and exon regions of CYP2J2 in 1,163 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals using the multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing method. Then, the catalytic activities of the detected CYP2J2 variants were evaluated after recombinant expression in S. cerevisiae microsomes. As a result, CYP2J2*7, CYP2J2*8, 13 variations in the promoter region and 15 CYP2J2 nonsynonymous variants were detected, of which V15A, G24R, V68A, L166F and A391T were novel missense variations. Immunoblotting results showed that 11 of 15 CYP2J2 variants exhibited lower protein expression than wild-type CYP2J2.1. In vitro functional analysis results revealed that the amino acid changes of 14 variants could significantly influence the drug metabolic activity of CYP2J2 toward ebastine or terfenadine. Specifically, 4 variants with relatively higher allele frequencies, CYP2J2.8, 173_173del, K267fs and R446W, exhibited extremely low protein expression and defective catalytic activities for both substrates. Our results indicated that a high genetic polymorphism of CYP2J2 could be detected in the Chinese Han population, and most genetic variations in CYP2J2 could influence the expression and catalytic activity of CYP2J2. Our data significantly enrich the knowledge of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and provide new theoretical information for corresponding individualized medication in Chinese and other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Pei-Wu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sui Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen CW, Saubi N, Joseph-Munné J. Chimeric Human Papillomavirus-16 Virus-like Particles Presenting HIV-1 P18I10 Peptide: Expression, Purification, Bio-Physical Properties and Immunogenicity in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098060. [PMID: 37175776 PMCID: PMC10179162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on HPV L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) are already licensed but not accessible worldwide. About 38.0 million people were living with HIV in 2020 and there is no HIV vaccine yet. Therefore, safe, effective, and affordable vaccines against both viruses are an urgent need. In this study, the HIV-1 P18I10 CTL peptide from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein was inserted into the HPV16 L1 protein to construct chimeric HPV:HIV (L1:P18I10) VLPs. Instead of the traditional baculovirus expression vector/insect cell (BEVS/IC) system, we established an alternative mammalian 293F cell-based expression system using cost-effective polyethylenimine-mediated transfection for L1:P18I10 protein production. Compared with conventional ultracentrifugation, we optimized a novel chromatographic purification method which could significantly increase L1:P18I10 VLP recovery (~56%). Chimeric L1:P18I10 VLPs purified from both methods were capable of self-assembling to integral particles and shared similar biophysical and morphological properties. After BALB/c mice immunization with 293F cell-derived and chromatography-purified L1:P18I10 VLPs, almost the same titer of anti-L1 IgG (p = 0.6409) was observed as Gardasil anti-HPV vaccine-immunized mice. Significant titers of anti-P18I10 binding antibodies (p < 0.01%) and P18I10-specific IFN-γ secreting splenocytes (p = 0.0002) were detected in L1:P18I10 VLP-immunized mice in comparison with licensed Gardasil-9 HPV vaccine. Furthermore, we demonstrated that insertion of HIV-1 P18I10 peptide into HPV16 L1 capsid protein did not affect the induction in anti-L1 antibodies. All in all, we expected that the mammalian cell expression system and chromatographic purification methods could be time-saving, cost-effective, scalable platforms to engineer bivalent VLP-based vaccines against HPV and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Saubi
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Joseph-Munné
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Green EA, Hamaker NK, Lee KH. Comparison of vector elements and process conditions in transient and stable suspension HEK293 platforms using SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain as a model protein. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36882740 PMCID: PMC9990576 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian cell lines are frequently used as protein expression hosts because of their ability to correctly fold and assemble complex proteins, produce them at high titers, and confer post-translational modifications (PTMs) critical to proper function. Increasing demand for proteins with human-like PTMs, particularly viral proteins and vectors, have made human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells an increasingly popular host. The need to engineer more productive HEK293 platforms and the ongoing nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic presented an opportunity to study strategies to improve viral protein expression in transient and stable HEK293 platforms. RESULTS Initial process development was done at 24 deep well plate (DWP) -scale to screen transient processes and stable clonal cell lines for recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (rRBD) titer. Nine DNA vectors that drove rRBD production under different promoters and optionally contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) elements to promote episomal expression were screened for transient rRBD production at 37 °C or 32 °C. Use of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to drive expression at 32 °C led to the highest transient protein titers, but inclusion of episomal expression elements did not augment titer. In parallel, four clonal cell lines with titers higher than that of the selected stable pool were identified in a batch screen. Flask-scale transient transfection and stable fed-batch processes were then established that produced rRBD up to 100 mg/L and 140 mg/L, respectively. While a bio-layer interferometry (BLI) assay was crucial for efficiently screening DWP batch titers, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to compare titers from the flask-scale batches due to varying matrix effects from different cell culture media compositions. CONCLUSION Comparing yields from the flask-scale batches revealed that stable fed-batch cultures produced up to 2.1x more rRBD than transient processes. The stable cell lines developed in this work are the first reported clonal, HEK293-derived rRBD producers and have titers up to 140 mg/L. As stable production platforms are more economically favorable for long-term protein production at large scales, investigation of strategies to increase the efficiency of high-titer stable cell line generation in Expi293F or other HEK293 hosts is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Green
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware, 19713, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Hamaker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware, 19713, USA
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware, 19713, USA.
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Novel scFv against Notch Ligand JAG1 Suitable for Development of Cell Therapies toward JAG1-Positive Tumors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030459. [PMID: 36979394 PMCID: PMC10046313 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling ligand JAG1 is overexpressed in various aggressive tumors and is associated with poor clinical prognosis. Hence, therapies targeting oncogenic JAG1 hold great potential for the treatment of certain tumors. Here, we report the identification of specific anti-JAG1 single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), one of them endowing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with cytotoxicity against JAG1-positive cells. Anti-JAG1 scFvs were identified from human phage display libraries, reformatted into full-length monoclonal antibodies (Abs), and produced in mammalian cells. The characterization of these Abs identified two specific anti-JAG1 Abs (J1.B5 and J1.F1) with nanomolar affinities. Cloning the respective scFv sequences in our second- and third-generation CAR backbones resulted in six anti-JAG1 CAR constructs, which were screened for JAG1-mediated T-cell activation in Jurkat T cells in coculture assays with JAG1-positive cell lines. Studies in primary T cells demonstrated that one CAR harboring the J1.B5 scFv significantly induced effective T-cell activation in the presence of JAG1-positive, but not in JAG1-knockout, cancer cells, and enabled specific killing of JAG1-positive cells. Thus, this new anti-JAG1 scFv represents a promising candidate for the development of cell therapies against JAG1-positive tumors.
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43
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Lipinski B, Arras P, Pekar L, Klewinghaus D, Boje AS, Krah S, Zimmermann J, Klausz K, Peipp M, Siegmund V, Evers A, Zielonka S. NKp46-specific single domain antibodies enable facile engineering of various potent NK cell engager formats. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4593. [PMID: 36775946 PMCID: PMC9951198 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the generation of potent NK cell engagers (NKCEs) based on single domain antibodies (sdAbs) specific for NKp46 harboring the humanized Fab version of Cetuximab for tumor targeting. After immunization of camelids, a plethora of different VHH domains were retrieved by yeast surface display. Upon reformatting into Fc effector-silenced NKCEs targeting NKp46 and EGFR in a strictly monovalent fashion, the resulting bispecific antibodies elicited potent NK cell-mediated killing of EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells with potencies (EC50 killing) in the picomolar range. This was further augmented via co-engagement of Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa). Importantly, NKp46-specific sdAbs enabled the construction of various NKCE formats with different geometries and valencies which displayed favorable biophysical and biochemical properties without further optimization. By this means, killing capacities were further improved significantly. Hence, NKp46-specific sdAbs are versatile building blocks for the construction of different NKCE formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Lipinski
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Paul Arras
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Daniel Klewinghaus
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Ammelie Svea Boje
- Division of Antibody‐Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein and Christian‐Albrechts‐University KielKielGermany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Jasmin Zimmermann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody‐Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein and Christian‐Albrechts‐University KielKielGermany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody‐Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein and Christian‐Albrechts‐University KielKielGermany
| | | | - Andreas Evers
- Computational Chemistry and BiologyMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody TechnologiesMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
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Shilts J, Crozier TWM, Teixeira-Silva A, Gabaev I, Gerber PP, Greenwood EJD, Watson SJ, Ortmann BM, Gawden-Bone CM, Pauzaite T, Hoffmann M, Nathan JA, Pöhlmann S, Matheson NJ, Lehner PJ, Wright GJ. LRRC15 mediates an accessory interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001959. [PMID: 36735681 PMCID: PMC9897555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human host factors enable the virus to propagate infections that lead to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The spike protein is the largest structural component of the virus and mediates interactions essential for infection, including with the primary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. We performed two independent cell-based systematic screens to determine whether there are additional proteins by which the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can interact with human cells. We discovered that in addition to ACE2, expression of LRRC15 also causes spike protein binding. This interaction is distinct from other known spike attachment mechanisms such as heparan sulfates or lectin receptors. Measurements of orthologous coronavirus spike proteins implied the interaction was functionally restricted to SARS-CoV-2 by accessibility. We localized the interaction to the C-terminus of the S1 domain and showed that LRRC15 shares recognition of the ACE2 receptor binding domain. From analyzing proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics, we identify LRRC15 expression as being common in human lung vasculature cells and fibroblasts. Levels of LRRC15 were greatly elevated by inflammatory signals in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. Although infection assays demonstrated that LRRC15 alone is not sufficient to permit viral entry, we present evidence that it can modulate infection of human cells. This unexpected interaction merits further investigation to determine how SARS-CoV-2 exploits host LRRC15 and whether it could account for any of the distinctive features of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Shilts
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. M. Crozier
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Teixeira-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ildar Gabaev
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. D. Greenwood
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel James Watson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian M. Ortmann
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M. Gawden-Bone
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tekle Pauzaite
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - James A. Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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45
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Hussack G, Rossotti MA, van Faassen H, Murase T, Eugenio L, Schrag JD, Ng KKS, Tanha J. Structure-guided design of a potent Clostridiodes difficile toxin A inhibitor. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1110541. [PMID: 36778856 PMCID: PMC9909335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystal structures of camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (VHHs) bound to fragments of the combined repetitive oligopeptides domain of Clostridiodes difficile toxin A (TcdA) reveal that the C-terminus of VHH A20 was located 30 Å away from the N-terminus of VHH A26. Based on this observation, we generated a biparatopic fusion protein with A20 at the N-terminus, followed by a (GS)6 linker and A26 at the C-terminus. This A20-A26 fusion protein shows an improvement in binding affinity and a dramatic increase in TcdA neutralization potency (>330-fold [IC 50]; ≥2,700-fold [IC 99]) when compared to the unfused A20 and A26 VHHs. A20-A26 also shows much higher binding affinity and neutralization potency when compared to a series of control antibody constructs that include fusions of two A20 VHHs, fusions of two A26 VHHs, a biparatopic fusion with A26 at the N-terminus and A20 at the C-terminus (A26-A20), and actoxumab. In particular, A20-A26 displays a 310-fold (IC 50) to 29,000-fold (IC 99) higher neutralization potency than A26-A20. Size-exclusion chromatography-multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS) analyses further reveal that A20-A26 binds to TcdA with 1:1 stoichiometry and simultaneous engagement of both A20 and A26 epitopes as expected based on the biparatopic design inspired by the crystal structures of TcdA bound to A20 and A26. In contrast, the control constructs show varied and heterogeneous binding modes. These results highlight the importance of molecular geometric constraints in generating highly potent antibody-based reagents capable of exploiting the simultaneous binding of more than one paratope to an antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hussack
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A. Rossotti
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tomohiko Murase
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Luiz Eugenio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph D. Schrag
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kenneth K.-S. Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Kenneth K.-S. Ng,
| | - Jamshid Tanha
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Jamshid Tanha,
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46
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Horvath RM, Dahabieh M, Malcolm T, Sadowski I. TRIM24 controls induction of latent HIV-1 by stimulating transcriptional elongation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:86. [PMID: 36690785 PMCID: PMC9870992 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of USF1/2 and TFII-I (RBF-2) at conserved sites flanking the HIV-1 LTR enhancer is essential for reactivation from latency in T cells, with TFII-I knockdown rendering the provirus insensitive to T cell signaling. We identified an interaction of TFII-I with the tripartite motif protein TRIM24, and these factors were found to be constitutively associated with the HIV-1 LTR. Similar to the effect of TFII-I depletion, loss of TRIM24 impaired reactivation of HIV-1 in response to T cell signaling. TRIM24 deficiency did not affect recruitment of RNA Pol II to the LTR promoter, but inhibited transcriptional elongation, an effect that was associated with decreased RNA Pol II CTD S2 phosphorylation and impaired recruitment of CDK9. A considerable number of genomic loci are co-occupied by TRIM24/TFII-I, and we found that TRIM24 deletion caused altered T cell immune response, an effect that is facilitated by TFII-I. These results demonstrate a role of TRIM24 for regulation of transcriptional elongation from the HIV-1 promoter, through its interaction with TFII-I, and by recruitment of P-TEFb. Furthermore, these factors co-regulate a significant proportion of genes involved in T cell immune response, consistent with tight coupling of HIV-1 transcriptional activation and T cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Epigenetics Group, LSI, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Matthew Dahabieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Epigenetics Group, LSI, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Tom Malcolm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Epigenetics Group, LSI, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Ivan Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Epigenetics Group, LSI, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
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47
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Baniahmad SF, Oliverio R, Obregon-Gomez I, Robert A, Lenferink AEG, Pazos E, Virgilio N, Banquy X, De Crescenzo G, Durocher Y. Affinity-controlled capture and release of engineered monoclonal antibodies by macroporous dextran hydrogels using coiled-coil interactions. MAbs 2023; 15:2218951. [PMID: 37300397 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2218951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term delivery is a successful strategy used to reduce the adverse effects of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based treatments. Macroporous hydrogels and affinity-based strategies have shown promising results in sustained and localized delivery of the mAbs. Among the potential tools for affinity-based delivery systems, the de novo designed Ecoil and Kcoil peptides are engineered to form a high-affinity, heterodimeric coiled-coil complex under physiological conditions. In this study, we created a set of trastuzumab molecules tagged with various Ecoil peptides and evaluated their manufacturability and characteristics. Our data show that addition of an Ecoil tag at the C-termini of the antibody chains (light chains, heavy chains, or both) does not hinder the production of chimeric trastuzumab in CHO cells or affect antibody binding to its antigen. We also evaluated the influence of the number, length, and position of the Ecoil tags on the capture and release of Ecoil-tagged trastuzumab from macroporous dextran hydrogels functionalized with Kcoil peptide (the Ecoil peptide-binding partner). Notably, our data show that antibodies are released from the macroporous hydrogels in a biphasic manner; the first phase corresponding to the rapid release of residual, unbound trastuzumab from the macropores, followed by the affinity-controlled, slow-rate release of antibodies from the Kcoil-functionalized macropore surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farzad Baniahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Romane Oliverio
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation Et Analyse du Médicament, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ines Obregon-Gomez
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química E Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruna, Coruna, Spain
| | - Alma Robert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne E G Lenferink
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Pazos
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química E Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruna, Coruna, Spain
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre de Recherche Sur Les Systèmes Polymères Et Composites à Haute Performance (CREPEC), Montréal, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation Et Analyse du Médicament, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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48
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Lipinski B, Unmuth L, Arras P, Becker S, Bauer C, Toleikis L, Krah S, Doerner A, Yanakieva D, Boje AS, Klausz K, Peipp M, Siegmund V, Evers A, Kolmar H, Pekar L, Zielonka S. Generation and engineering of potent single domain antibody-based bispecific IL-18 mimetics resistant to IL-18BP decoy receptor inhibition. MAbs 2023; 15:2236265. [PMID: 37469014 PMCID: PMC10361135 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2236265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we generated bispecific antibody (bsAb) derivatives that mimic the function of interleukin (IL)-18 based on single domain antibodies (sdAbs) specific to IL-18 Rα and IL-18 Rβ. For this, camelids were immunized, followed by yeast surface display (YSD)-enabled discovery of VHHs targeting the individual receptor subunits. Upon reformatting into a strictly monovalent (1 + 1) bispecific sdAb architecture, several bsAbs triggered dose-dependent IL-18 R downstream signaling on IL-18 reporter cells, as well as IFN-γ release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of low-dose IL-12. However, compared with IL-18, potencies and efficacies were considerably attenuated. By engineering paratope valencies and the spatial orientation of individual paratopes within the overall design architecture, we were able to generate IL-18 mimetics displaying significantly augmented functionalities, resulting in bispecific cytokine mimetics that were more potent than IL-18 in triggering proinflammatory cytokine release. Furthermore, generated IL-18 mimetics were unaffected from inhibition by IL-18 binding protein decoy receptor. Essentially, we demonstrate that this strategy enables the generation of IL-18 mimetics with tailor-made cytokine functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Lipinski
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Unmuth
- Early Protein Supply and Characterization (EPSC), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul Arras
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Early Protein Supply and Characterization (EPSC), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Bauer
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Early Protein Supply and Characterization (EPSC), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ammelie Svea Boje
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vanessa Siegmund
- Early Protein Supply and Characterization (EPSC), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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49
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Prabhala SV, Wood DW. Single-Step Non-Chromatographic Purification of Recombinant Mammalian Proteins Using a Split Intein ELP Tag System. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:237-253. [PMID: 37647002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein therapeutics are currently used by large patient populations and generate significant revenue for the biopharmaceutical industry. These therapeutic proteins are currently purified at industrial scale using individualized processes involving multiple chromatographic steps. In the absence of a viable affinity platform method, the required chromatographic steps are difficult to develop and inevitably lead to significant yield losses. Further, during preclinical development, there is a need for reliable platform technologies capable of performing high-throughput screening for biologic candidates. Although affinity tags can provide a solution to some of these challenges, they require specific affinity resins, and the tag itself can interfere with the target protein characteristics. Fusion protein systems consisting of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and self-cleaving split inteins such as Npu DnaE can serve as potential non-chromatographic platform technologies for the single-step purification of tagless glycoproteins expressed in mammalian cells. In this chapter, we demonstrate the use of this technology to obtain highly purified anti-ErbB2 ML39 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) expressed from Expi293F suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Vivek Prabhala
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David W Wood
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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50
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Chen CW, Saubi N, Kilpeläinen A, Joseph-Munné J. Chimeric Human Papillomavirus-16 Virus-like Particles Presenting P18I10 and T20 Peptides from HIV-1 Envelope Induce HPV16 and HIV-1-Specific Humoral and T Cell-Mediated Immunity in BALB/c Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010015. [PMID: 36679860 PMCID: PMC9861546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the HIV-1 P18I10 CTL peptide derived from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 and the T20 anti-fusion peptide of HIV-1 gp41 were inserted into the HPV16 L1 capsid protein to construct chimeric HPV:HIV (L1:P18I10 and L1:T20) VLPs by using the mammalian cell expression system. The HPV:HIV VLPs were purified by chromatography. We demonstrated that the insertion of P18I10 or T20 peptides into the DE loop of HPV16 L1 capsid proteins did not affect in vitro stability, self-assembly and morphology of chimeric HPV:HIV VLPs. Importantly, it did not interfere either with the HIV-1 antibody reactivity targeting sequential and conformational P18I10 and T20 peptides presented on chimeric HPV:HIV VLPs or with the induction of HPV16 L1-specific antibodies in vivo. We observed that chimeric L1:P18I10/L1:T20 VLPs vaccines could induce HPV16- but weak HIV-1-specific antibody responses and elicited HPV16- and HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, could be a potential booster to increase HIV-specific cellular responses in the heterologous immunization after priming with rBCG.HIVA vaccine. This research work would contribute a step towards the development of the novel chimeric HPV:HIV VLP-based vaccine platform for controlling HPV16 and HIV-1 infection, which is urgently needed in developing and industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Saubi
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Athina Kilpeläinen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Joseph-Munné
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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