1
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Liao SY, Rudoy D, Frank SB, Phan LT, Klezovitch O, Kwan J, Coleman I, Haffner MC, Li D, Nelson PS, Emili A, Vasioukhin V. SND1 binds to ERG and promotes tumor growth in genetic mouse models of prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7435. [PMID: 37973913 PMCID: PMC10654515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SND1 and MTDH are known to promote cancer and therapy resistance, but their mechanisms and interactions with other oncogenes remain unclear. Here, we show that oncoprotein ERG interacts with SND1/MTDH complex through SND1's Tudor domain. ERG, an ETS-domain transcription factor, is overexpressed in many prostate cancers. Knocking down SND1 in human prostate epithelial cells, especially those overexpressing ERG, negatively impacts cell proliferation. Transcriptional analysis shows substantial overlap in genes regulated by ERG and SND1. Mechanistically, we show that ERG promotes nuclear localization of SND1/MTDH. Forced nuclear localization of SND1 prominently increases its growth promoting function irrespective of ERG expression. In mice, prostate-specific Snd1 deletion reduces cancer growth and tumor burden in a prostate cancer model (PB-Cre/Ptenflox/flox/ERG mice), Moreover, we find a significant overlap between prostate transcriptional signatures of ERG and SND1. These findings highlight SND1's crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting SND1 as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-You Liao
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dmytro Rudoy
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sander B Frank
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luan T Phan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry & Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dapei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry & Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Wei Y, Sandhu E, Yang X, Yang J, Ren Y, Gao X. Bidirectional Functional Effects of Staphylococcus on Carcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122353. [PMID: 36557606 PMCID: PMC9783839 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a Gram-positive cocci existing in nature, Staphylococcus has a variety of species, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc. Growing evidence reveals that Staphylococcus is closely related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. On the one hand, cancer patients are more likely to suffer from bacterial infection and antibiotic-resistant strain infection compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, there exists an association between staphylococcal infection and carcinogenesis. Staphylococcus often plays a pathogenic role and evades the host immune system through surface adhesion molecules, α-hemolysin, PVL (Panton-Valentine leukocidin), SEs (staphylococcal enterotoxins), SpA (staphylococcal protein A), TSST-1 (Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1) and other factors. Staphylococcal nucleases (SNases) are extracellular nucleases that serve as genomic markers for Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, a human homologue of SNases, SND1 (staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain-containing 1), has been recognized as an oncoprotein. This review is the first to summarize the reported basic and clinical evidence on staphylococci and neoplasms. Investigations on the correlation between Staphylococcus and the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of breast, skin, oral, colon and other cancers, are made from the perspectives of various virulence factors and SND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Wei
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Esha Sandhu
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (X.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-022-83336806 (X.G.)
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (X.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-022-83336806 (X.G.)
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3
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Chen H, Zhan M, Liu J, Liu Z, Shen M, Yang F, Kang Y, Yin F, Li Z. Structure-Based Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Potent Stabilized Peptide Inhibitors Disrupting MTDH and SND1 Interaction. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12188-12199. [PMID: 36044768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the interaction of MTDH/SND1 complex is an attractive strategy for cancer therapeutics. In this work, we designed and obtained a novel class of potent stabilized peptide inhibitors derived from MTDH sequence to disrupt MTDH/SND1 interaction. Through structure-based optimization and biological evaluation, stabilized peptides were obtained with tight binding affinity, improved cell penetration, and antitumor effects in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells without nonspecific toxicity. To date, our study was the first report to demonstrate that stabilized peptides truncated from MTDH could serve as promising candidates to disrupt the MTDH/SND1 interaction for potential breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meimiao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minhong Shen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Fenfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
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4
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SND1 confers chemoresistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting GAS6-AKT in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:169. [PMID: 35972612 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based (especially cisplatin) chemotherapy is the main treatment after surgery for ovarian cancer. Although the initial treatment is effective, chemotherapy resistance develops rapidly. Therefore, chemotherapy resistance has always been a huge obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1) is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional protein that plays a role in promoting tumorigenesis under various stress states. In this study, using MTT and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells deficient in SND1 were observed to be more apoptotic and to express more apoptotic protein after treatment with cisplatin through the MTT, clone formation, and flow cytometry assays, while cells overexpressing SND1 exhibited a decreased number of apoptotic cells and expression of apoptotic proteins. Moreover, SND1 can regulate the expression of Growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) and then activate the AKT signaling pathway to achieve the regulation of sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer.
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5
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Pengelly RJ, Bakhtiar D, Borovská I, Královičová J, Vořechovský I. Exonic splicing code and protein binding sites for calcium. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5493-5512. [PMID: 35474482 PMCID: PMC9177970 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxilliary splicing sequences in exons, known as enhancers (ESEs) and silencers (ESSs), have been subject to strong selection pressures at the RNA and protein level. The protein component of this splicing code is substantial, recently estimated at ∼50% of the total information within ESEs, but remains poorly understood. The ESE/ESS profiles were previously associated with the Irving-Williams (I-W) stability series for divalent metals, suggesting that the ESE/ESS evolution was shaped by metal binding sites. Here, we have examined splicing activities of exonic sequences that encode protein binding sites for Ca2+, a weak binder in the I-W affinity order. We found that predicted exon inclusion levels for the EF-hand motifs and for Ca2+-binding residues in nonEF-hand proteins were higher than for average exons. For canonical EF-hands, the increase was centred on the EF-hand chelation loop and, in particular, on Ca2+-coordinating residues, with a 1>12>3∼5>9 hierarchy in the 12-codon loop consensus and usage bias at codons 1 and 12. The same hierarchy but a lower increase was observed for noncanonical EF-hands, except for S100 proteins. EF-hand loops preferentially accumulated exon splits in two clusters, one located in their N-terminal halves and the other around codon 12. Using splicing assays and published crosslinking and immunoprecipitation data, we identify candidate trans-acting factors that preferentially bind conserved GA-rich motifs encoding negatively charged amino acids in the loops. Together, these data provide evidence for the high capacity of codons for Ca2+-coordinating residues to be retained in mature transcripts, facilitating their exon-level expansion during eukaryotic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Pengelly
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Dara Bakhtiar
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ivana Borovská
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Biosciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Královičová
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Biosciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Vořechovský
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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6
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Liu Y, Liu S, Shi H, Ma J, Jing M, Han Y. The TSN1 Binding Protein RH31 Is a Component of Stress Granules and Participates in Regulation of Salt-Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:804356. [PMID: 35003193 PMCID: PMC8733394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.804356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nucleases (TSNs) are evolutionarily conserved RNA binding proteins, which include redundant TSN1 and TSN2 in Arabidopsis. It has been showed TSNs are the components of stress granules (SGs) and regulate plant growth under salt stress. In this study, we find a binding protein of TSN1, RH31, which is a DEAD-box RNA helicase (RH). Subcellular localization studies show that RH31 is mainly located in the nucleus, but under salinity, it translocates to the cytoplasm where it accumulates in cytoplasmic granules. After cycloheximide (CHX) treatment which can block the formation of SGs by interfering with mRNP homeostasis, these cytoplasmic granules disappeared. More importantly, RH31 co-localizes with SGs marker protein RBP47. RH31 deletion results in salt-hypersensitive phenotype, while RH31 overexpression causes more resistant to salt stress. In summary, we demonstrate that RH31, the TSN1 binding protein, is a component of plant SGs and participates in regulation of salt-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Wheat Research Institute, Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Meng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhao C, Cui X, Zhao Y, Qian B, Zhang N, Xin L, Ha C, Yang J, Wang X, Gao X. Impact of hepatocyte-specific deletion of staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) on liver insulin resistance and acute liver failure of mice. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7360-7375. [PMID: 34608846 PMCID: PMC8806720 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1974653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our previous research shows an ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in global SND1 transgenic mice, the involvement of SND1 loss-of-function in hepatic metabolism remains elusive. Herein, we aim to explore the potential impact of hepatocyte-specific SND1 deletion on insulin-resistant mice. As SND1 is reported to be linked to inflammatory response, the pathobiological feature of acute liver failure (ALF) is also investigated. Hence, we construct the conditional liver knockout (LKO) mice of SND1 for the first time. Under the condition of HFD, the absence of hepatic SND1 affects the weight of white adipose tissue, but not the gross morphology, body weight, cholesterol level, liver weight, and hepatic steatosis of mice. Furthermore, we fail to observe significant differences in either HFD-induced insulin resistance or lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced (LPS/D-GaIN) ALF between LKO and wild type (WT) mice in terms of inflammation and tissue damage. Compared with negative controls, there is no differential SND1 expression in various species of sample with insulin resistance or ALF, based on several gene expression omnibus datasets, including GSE23343, GSE160646, GSE120243, GSE48794, GSE13271, GSE151268, GSE62026, GSE120652, and GSE38941. Enrichment result of SND1-binding partners or related genes indicates a sequence of issues related to RNA or lipid metabolism, but not glucose homeostasis or hepatic failure. Overall, hepatic SND1 is insufficient to alter the phenotypes of hepatic insulin resistance and acute liver failure in mice. The SND1 in various organs is likely to cooperate in regulating glucose homeostasis by affecting the expression of lipid metabolism-related RNA transcripts during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoxin Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Vandana , Pandey R, Srinivasan E, Kalia I, Singh AP, Saxena A, Rajaekaran R, Gupta D, Pandey KC. Plasmodium falciparum metacaspase-2 capture its natural substrate in a non-canonical way. J Biochem 2021; 170:639-653. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a multi-step process initiated by a set of proteases, which interacts and cleaves diverse proteins, thus modulating their biochemical and cellular functions. In metazoans, PCD is mediated by proteolytic enzymes called caspases, which triggered cell death by proteolysis of human Tudor staphylococcus nuclease (TSN). Non-metazoans lack a close homologue of caspases but possess an ancestral family of cysteine proteases termed ‘metacaspases’. Studies supported that metacaspases are involved in PCD, but their natural substrates remain unknown. In this study, we performed the Plasmodium falciparum TSN (PfTSN) cleavage assay using wild and selected mutants of P. falciparum metacaspases-2 (PfMCA-2) in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, PfMCA-2, cleaved a phylogenetically conserved protein, PfTSN at multiple sites. Deletion or substitution mutation in key interacting residues at the active site, Cys157 and His205 of PfMCA-2, impaired its enzymatic activity with the artificial substrate, z-GRR-AMC. However, the mutant Tyr224A did not affect the activity with z-GRR-AMC but abolished the cleavage of PfTSN. These results indicated that the catalytic dyad, Cys157 and His205 of PfMCA-2 was essential for its enzymatic activity with an artificial substrate, whereas Tyr224 and Cys157 residues were responsible for its interaction with the natural substrate and subsequent degradation of PfTSN. Our results suggested that MCA-2 interacts with TSN substrate in a non-canonical way using non-conserved or conformationally available residues for its binding and cleavage. In future, it would be interesting to explore how this interaction leads to the execution of PCD in the Plasmodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Indian Council of Medical Research), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & FW, Govt. of India Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India
| | - Rajan Pandey
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - E Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
| | - Inderjeet Kalia
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Agam P Singh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Ajay Saxena
- School of Life Science (SLS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - R Rajaekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Rd, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Indian Council of Medical Research), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & FW, Govt. of India Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi-110077, India
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9
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Khalili-Tanha G, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of doxorubicin resistance in tumor cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:39. [PMID: 34425750 PMCID: PMC8381522 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance against conventional chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main reasons for tumor relapse and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Various mechanisms are associated with drug resistance, including drug efflux, cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used first-line anti-cancer drug that functions as a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor. However, DOX resistance has emerged as a large hurdle in efficient tumor therapy. Furthermore, despite its wide clinical application, DOX is a double-edged sword: it can damage normal tissues and affect the quality of patients’ lives during and after treatment. It is essential to clarify the molecular basis of DOX resistance to support the development of novel therapeutic modalities with fewer and/or lower-impact side effects in cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles in the drug resistance of various tumors. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge on all the lncRNAs associated with DOX resistance. The majority are involved in promoting DOX resistance. This review paves the way to introducing an lncRNA panel marker for the prediction of the DOX response and clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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10
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Banerjee I, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1): A key driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adv Cancer Res 2021; 152:329-381. [PMID: 34353442 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An array of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), overexpress the oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). It is now firmly established that AEG-1 is a key driver of carcinogenesis, and enhanced expression of AEG-1 is a marker of poor prognosis in cancer patients. In-depth studies have revealed that AEG-1 positively regulates different hallmarks of HCC progression including growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, migration, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. By interacting with a plethora of proteins as well as mRNAs, AEG-1 regulates gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels, and modulates numerous pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive signal transduction pathways. Even though extensive research over the last two decades using various in vitro and in vivo models has established the pivotal role of AEG-1 in HCC, effective targeting of AEG-1 as a therapeutic intervention for HCC is yet to be achieved in the clinic. Targeted delivery of AEG-1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) has demonstrated desired therapeutic effects in mouse models of HCC. Peptidomimetic inhibitors based on protein-protein interaction studies has also been developed recently. Continuous unraveling of novel mechanisms in the regulation of HCC by AEG-1 will generate valuable knowledge facilitating development of specific AEG-1 inhibitory strategies. The present review describes the current status of AEG-1 in HCC gleaned from patient-focused and bench-top studies as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models. We also address the challenges that need to be overcome and discuss future perspectives on this exciting molecule to transform it from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Banerjee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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11
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Alluri RK, Li Z, McCrae KR. Stress Granule-Mediated Oxidized RNA Decay in P-Body: Hypothetical Role of ADAR1, Tudor-SN, and STAU1. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:672988. [PMID: 34150849 PMCID: PMC8211916 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.672988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under oxidative stress (OS) cause oxidative damage to RNA. Recent studies have suggested a role for oxidized RNA in several human disorders. Under the conditions of oxidative stress, mRNAs released from polysome dissociation accumulate and initiate stress granule (SG) assembly. SGs are highly enriched in mRNAs, containing inverted repeat (IR) Alus in 3′ UTRs, AU-rich elements, and RNA-binding proteins. SGs and processing bodies (P-bodies) transiently interact through a docking mechanism to allow the exchange of RNA species. However, the types of RNA species exchanged, and the mechanisms and outcomes of exchange are still unknown. Specialized RNA-binding proteins, including adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1-p150), with an affinity toward inverted repeat Alus, and Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) are specifically recruited to SGs under OS along with an RNA transport protein, Staufen1 (STAU1), but their precise biochemical roles in SGs and SG/P-body docking are uncertain. Here, we critically review relevant literature and propose a hypothetical mechanism for the processing and decay of oxidized-RNA in SGs/P-bodies, as well as the role of ADAR1-p150, Tudor-SN, and STAU1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Alluri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Gan S, Su C, Ma J, Liu M, Cui X, Xin L, Ren Y, Gao X, Ge L, Wei M, Yang J. Translation of Tudor-SN, a novel terminal oligo-pyrimidine (TOP) mRNA, is regulated by the mTORC1 pathway in cardiomyocytes. RNA Biol 2021; 18:900-913. [PMID: 33054526 PMCID: PMC8081040 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1827783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate cell-cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes during heart development are largely unknown. We have previously identified Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) as a cell-cycle regulator and have shown that its expression level was closely related to cell-proliferation capacity. Herein, we found that Tudor-SN was highly expressed in neonatal mouse myocardia, but it was lowly expressed in that of adults. Using Data Base of Transcription Start Sites (DBTSS), we revealed that Tudor-SN was a terminal oligo-pyrimidine (TOP) mRNA. We further confirmed that the translational efficiency of Tudor-SN mRNA was controlled by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, as revealed via inhibition of activated mTORC1 in primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and activation of silenced mTORC1 in adult mouse myocardia; additionally, this result was recapitulated in H9c2 cells. We also demonstrated that the downregulation of Tudor-SN in adult myocardia was due to inactivation of the mTORC1 pathway to ensure that heart growth was in proportion to that of the rest of the body. Moreover, we revealed that Tudor-SN participated in the mTORC1-mediated regulation of cardiomyocytic proliferation, which further elucidated the correlation between Tudor-SN and the mTORC1 pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that the translational efficiency of Tudor-SN is regulated by the mTORC1 pathway in myocardia and that Tudor-SN is involved in mTORC1-mediated regulation of cardiomyocytic proliferation and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinzheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minxin Wei
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Medical Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Gabriel L, Srinivasan B, Kuś K, Mata JF, João Amorim M, Jansen LET, Athanasiadis A. Enrichment of Zα domains at cytoplasmic stress granules is due to their innate ability to bind to nucleic acids. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268376. [PMID: 34037233 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zα domains recognize the left-handed helical Z conformation of double-stranded nucleic acids. They are found in proteins involved in the nucleic acid sensory pathway of the vertebrate innate immune system and host evasion by viral pathogens. Previously, it has been demonstrated that ADAR1 (encoded by ADAR in humans) and DAI (also known as ZBP1) localize to cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs), and this localization is mediated by their Zα domains. To investigate the mechanism, we determined the interactions and localization pattern for the N-terminal region of human DAI (ZαβDAI), which harbours two Zα domains, and for a ZαβDAI mutant deficient in nucleic acid binding. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated the ability of ZαβDAI to bind to hyperedited nucleic acids, which are enriched in SGs. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified several interacting partners of the ZαβDAI-RNA complex in vivo under conditions of arsenite-induced stress. These interactions are lost upon loss of nucleic acid-binding ability or upon RNase treatment. Thus, we posit that the mechanism for the translocation of Zα domain-containing proteins to SGs is mainly mediated by the nucleic acid-binding ability of their Zα domains. This article has an associated First Person interview with Bharath Srinivasan, joint first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gabriel
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
| | - Bharath Srinivasan
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
| | - Krzysztof Kuś
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
| | - João F Mata
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
| | - Maria João Amorim
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
| | - Lars E T Jansen
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
| | - Alekos Athanasiadis
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2781-156, Portugal
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14
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Zou S, Lan YL, Ren T, Li X, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang X. A Bioinformatics Analysis of the Potential Roles of Aquaporin 4 in Human Brain Tumors: An Immune-Related Process. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692175. [PMID: 34113257 PMCID: PMC8185330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is an ubiquitously expressed membrane protein channel found in the central nervous system and mainly on astrocytes. Recent studies on AQP4 has implicated it in tumorigenesis. It is of interest to determine the potential value of AQP4 in identifying, guiding treatment and prognosticating various types of CNS cancers. This investigation systematically investigated the oncogenic role of AQP4 across 33 CNS tumors found in GEO and TCGA datasets. We found that CNS tumors strongly expressed AQP4. There appeared to be a strong link between the prognosis of patients with a CNS malignancy and degree of AQP4 expression. AQP4 expression influences the degree of CD8+ T-cell infiltration level as well as cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in CNS tumors. Moreover, synaptic vesicle cycle and phosphatidylinositol signaling system-associated functions were also found to be related to AQP4 functional mechanisms. Furthermore, potential AQP4 inhibitors have also been explored by using Specs data base and virtual screening technique. This study contributes toward current knowledge regarding the role of AQP4 in CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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15
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Manna D, Sarkar D. Multifunctional Role of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in Cancer: Focus on Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081792. [PMID: 33918653 PMCID: PMC8069505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy is a major mode of treatment for cancers. However, cancer cells adapt to survive in stressful conditions and in many cases, they are inherently resistant to chemotherapy. Additionally, after initial response to chemotherapy, the surviving cancer cells acquire new alterations making them chemoresistant. Genes that help adapt the cancer cells to cope with stress often contribute to chemoresistance and one such gene is Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). AEG-1 levels are increased in all cancers studied to date and AEG-1 contributes to the development of highly aggressive, metastatic cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the mechanism by which AEG-1 augments tumor development with special focus on its ability to regulate chemoresistance. We also discuss potential ways to inhibit AEG-1 to overcome chemoresistance. Abstract Cancer development results from the acquisition of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells themselves, as well as continuous changes in their microenvironment. The plasticity of cancer cells allows them to continuously adapt to selective pressures brought forth by exogenous environmental stresses, the internal milieu of the tumor and cancer treatment itself. Resistance to treatment, either inherent or acquired after the commencement of treatment, is a major obstacle an oncologist confronts in an endeavor to efficiently manage the disease. Resistance to chemotherapy, chemoresistance, is an important hallmark of aggressive cancers, and driver oncogene-induced signaling pathways and molecular abnormalities create the platform for chemoresistance. The oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1/Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH) is overexpressed in a diverse array of cancers, and its overexpression promotes all the hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes tumorigenesis, with a special emphasis on its ability to regulate chemoresistance.
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16
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Abstract
Arginine methylation is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) deposited by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and recognized by Tudor domain-containing proteins. Of the nine mammalian PRMTs, PRMT5 is the primary enzyme responsible for the deposition of symmetric arginine methylation marks in cells. The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain-containing 1 (SND1) effector protein is a key reader of the marks deposited by PRMT5. Both PRMT5 and SND1 are broadly expressed and their deregulation is reported to be associated with a range of disease phenotypes, including cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an example of a cancer type that often displays elevated PRMT5 and SND1 levels, and there is evidence that hyperactivation of this axis is oncogenic. Importantly, this pathway can be tempered with small-molecule inhibitors that target PRMT5, offering a therapeutic node for cancer, such as HCC, that display high PRMT5–SND1 axis activity. Here we summarize the known activities of this writer–reader pair, with a focus on their biological roles in HCC. This will help establish a foundation for treating HCC with PRMT5 inhibitors and also identify potential biomarkers that could predict sensitivity to this type of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Wright
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
- Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yalong Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Abstract
Protein methyl transferases play critical roles in numerous regulatory pathways that underlie cancer development, progression and therapy-response. Here we discuss the function of PRMT5, a member of the nine-member PRMT family, in controlling oncogenic processes including tumor intrinsic, as well as extrinsic microenvironmental signaling pathways. We discuss PRMT5 effect on histone methylation and methylation of regulatory proteins including those involved in RNA splicing, cell cycle, cell death and metabolic signaling. In all, we highlight the importance of PRMT5 regulation and function in cancer, which provide the foundation for therapeutic modalities targeting PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoo Kim
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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18
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Cui X, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhao C, Zhang N, Ren Y, Su C, Zhang W, Sun X, He J, Gao X, Yang J. A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1) in human tumors. Genomics 2020; 112:3958-3967. [PMID: 32645525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although emerging cell- or animal-based evidence supports the relationship between SND1 and cancers, no pan-cancer analysis is available. We thus first explored the potential oncogenic roles of SND1 across thirty-three tumors based on the datasets of TCGA (The cancer genome atlas) and GEO (Gene expression omnibus). SND1 is highly expressed in most cancers, and distinct associations exist between SND1 expression and prognosis of tumor patients. We observed an enhanced phosphorylation level of S426 in several tumors, such as breast cancer or lung adenocarcinoma. SND1 expression was associated with the CD8+T-cell infiltration level in colon adenocarcinoma and melanoma, and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration was observed in other tumors, such as bladder urothelial carcinoma or testicular germ cell tumors. Moreover, protein processing- and RNA metabolism-associated functions were involved in the functional mechanisms of SND1. Our first pan-cancer study offers a relatively comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic roles of SND1 across different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of lung cancer surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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19
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Navarro-Imaz H, Ochoa B, García-Arcos I, Martínez MJ, Chico Y, Fresnedo O, Rueda Y. Molecular and cellular insights into the role of SND1 in lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Qian W, Zhu Y, Wu M, Guo Q, Wu Z, Lobie PE, Zhu T. Linc00668 Promotes Invasion and Stem Cell-Like Properties of Breast Cancer Cells by Interaction With SND1. Front Oncol 2020; 10:88. [PMID: 32117742 PMCID: PMC7033544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to be involved in breast cancer progression. Herein, we observed that the expression of Linc00668 was increased in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. The patients with high Linc00668 expression exhibited an association with a higher metastatic risk. We demonstrated that forced expression of Linc00668 enhanced, whereas depletion of Linc00668 diminished invasion and self-renewal of breast cancer cells as well as resistance to doxorubicin (Dox). Further mechanistic studies revealed that Linc00668 associated with staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing 1 (SND1) and regulated the expression of downstream genes. Linc00668 depletion led to reduced expression of the downstream target of SND1 and further attenuated the self-renewal capacity of breast cancer cells. Our observations suggest that Linc00668 promotes metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer by interacting with SND1. Therefore, Linc00668 may serve as a potential therapeutic modulator in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Qian
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qianying Guo
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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21
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Identification of hemicatenane-specific binding proteins by fractionation of HeLa nuclei extracts. Biochem J 2020; 477:509-524. [PMID: 31930351 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA hemicatenanes (HCs) are four-way junctions in which one strand of a double-stranded helix is catenated with one strand of another double-stranded DNA. Frequently mentioned as DNA replication, recombination and repair intermediates, they have been proposed to participate in the spatial organization of chromosomes and in the regulation of gene expression. To explore potential roles of HCs in genome metabolism, we sought to purify proteins capable of binding specifically HCs by fractionating nuclear extracts from HeLa cells. This approach identified three RNA-binding proteins: the Tudor-staphylococcal nuclease domain 1 (SND1) protein and two proteins from the Drosophila behavior human splicing family, the paraspeckle protein component 1 and the splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich protein. Since these proteins were partially pure after fractionation, truncated forms of these proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. The specificity of their interaction with HCs was re-examined in vitro. The two truncated purified SND1 proteins exhibited specificity for HCs, opening the interesting possibility of a link between the basic transcription machinery and HC structures via SND1.
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22
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Baquero-Perez B, Antanaviciute A, Yonchev ID, Carr IM, Wilson SA, Whitehouse A. The Tudor SND1 protein is an m 6A RNA reader essential for replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. eLife 2019; 8:e47261. [PMID: 31647415 PMCID: PMC6812964 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification of cellular mRNAs. m6A is recognised by YTH domain-containing proteins, which selectively bind to m6A-decorated RNAs regulating their turnover and translation. Using an m6A-modified hairpin present in the Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF50 RNA, we identified seven members from the 'Royal family' as putative m6A readers, including SND1. RIP-seq and eCLIP analysis characterised the SND1 binding profile transcriptome-wide, revealing SND1 as an m6A reader. We further demonstrate that the m6A modification of the ORF50 RNA is critical for SND1 binding, which in turn stabilises the ORF50 transcript. Importantly, SND1 depletion leads to inhibition of KSHV early gene expression showing that SND1 is essential for KSHV lytic replication. This work demonstrates that members of the 'Royal family' have m6A-reading ability, greatly increasing their epigenetic functions beyond protein methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Baquero-Perez
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
- Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of MedicineUniversity of Leeds, St James's University HospitalLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivaylo D Yonchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute For Nucleic AcidsUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian M Carr
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of MedicineUniversity of Leeds, St James's University HospitalLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Sheffield Institute For Nucleic AcidsUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Adrian Whitehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
- Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
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23
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Chou HL, Tian L, Fukuda M, Kumamaru T, Okita TW. The Role of RNA-Binding Protein OsTudor-SN in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Storage Proteins and Endosperm Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2193-2205. [PMID: 31198964 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tudor-SN is involved in a myriad of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes due to its modular structure consisting of 4 tandem SN domains (4SN module) and C-terminal Tsn module consisting of Tudor-partial SN domains. We had previously demonstrated that OsTudor-SN is a key player for transporting storage protein mRNAs to specific ER subdomains in developing rice endosperm. Here, we provide genetic evidence that this multifunctional RBP is required for storage protein expression, seed development and protein body formation. The rice EM1084 line, possessing a nonsynonymous mutation in the 4SN module (SN3 domain), exhibited a strong reduction in grain weight and storage protein accumulation, while a mutation in the Tudor domain (47M) or the loss of the Tsn module (43M) had much smaller effects. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed the presence of a new protein body type containing glutelin and prolamine inclusions in EM1084, while 43M and 47M exhibited structurally modified prolamine and glutelin protein bodies. Transcriptome analysis indicates that OsTudor-SN also functions in regulating gene expression of transcriptional factors and genes involved in developmental processes and stress responses as well as for storage proteins. Normal protein body formation, grain weight and expression of many genes were partially restored in EM1084 transgenic line complemented with wild-type OsTudor-SN gene. Overall, our study showed that OsTudor-SN possesses multiple functional properties in rice storage protein expression and seed development and that the 4SN and Tsn modules have unique roles in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, DC, USA
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24
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Roworth AP, Carr SM, Liu G, Barczak W, Miller RL, Munro S, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, La Thangue NB. Arginine methylation expands the regulatory mechanisms and extends the genomic landscape under E2F control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw4640. [PMID: 31249870 PMCID: PMC6594773 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
E2F is a family of master transcription regulators involved in mediating diverse cell fates. Here, we show that residue-specific arginine methylation (meR) by PRMT5 enables E2F1 to regulate many genes at the level of alternative RNA splicing, rather than through its classical transcription-based mechanism. The p100/TSN tudor domain protein reads the meR mark on chromatin-bound E2F1, allowing snRNA components of the splicing machinery to assemble with E2F1. A large set of RNAs including spliced variants associate with E2F1 by virtue of the methyl mark. By focusing on the deSUMOylase SENP7 gene, which we identified as an E2F target gene, we establish that alternative splicing is functionally important for E2F1 activity. Our results reveal an unexpected consequence of arginine methylation, where reader-writer interplay widens the mechanism of control by E2F1, from transcription factor to regulator of alternative RNA splicing, thereby extending the genomic landscape under E2F1 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Mark Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Geng Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wojciech Barczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Louise Miller
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nicholas B. La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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25
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The Nuclear Arsenal of Cilia. Dev Cell 2019; 49:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Alternative splicing is a major contributor to transcriptome and proteome diversity in eukaryotes. Comparing to normal samples, about 30% more alternative splicing events were recently identified in 32 cancer types included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Some alternative splicing isoforms and their encoded proteins contribute to specific cancer hallmarks. In this review, we will discuss recent progress regarding the contributions of alternative splicing to breast cancer metastasis. We plan to dissect the role of MTDH, CD44 and their interaction with other mRNA splicing factors. We believe an in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying the contribution of splicing to breast cancer metastasis will provide novel strategies to the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen University School of medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
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27
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Ochoa B, Chico Y, Martínez MJ. Insights Into SND1 Oncogene Promoter Regulation. Front Oncol 2018; 8:606. [PMID: 30619748 PMCID: PMC6297716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 gene (SND1), also known as Tudor-SN, TSN or p100, encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with invariant domain composition. SND1 contains four repeated staphylococcal nuclease domains and a single Tudor domain, which confer it endonuclease activity and extraordinary capacity for interacting with nucleic acids, individual proteins and protein complexes. Originally described as a transcriptional coactivator, SND1 plays fundamental roles in the regulation of gene expression, including RNA splicing, interference, stability, and editing, as well as in the regulation of protein and lipid homeostasis. Recently, SND1 has gained attention as a potential disease biomarker due to its positive correlation with cancer progression and metastatic spread. Such functional diversity of SND1 marks this gene as interesting for further analysis in relation with the multiple levels of regulation of SND1 protein production. In this review, we summarize the SND1 genomic region and promoter architecture, the set of transcription factors that can bind the proximal promoter, and the evidence supporting transactivation of SND1 promoter by a number of signal transduction pathways operating in different cell types and conditions. Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for SND1 promoter regulation is of utmost interest to decipher the SND1 contribution in the realm of both normal and abnormal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María José Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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28
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Navarro-Imaz H, Chico Y, Rueda Y, Fresnedo O. Channeling of newly synthesized fatty acids to cholesterol esterification limits triglyceride synthesis in SND1-overexpressing hepatoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:137-146. [PMID: 30448348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SND1 is a putative oncoprotein whose molecular function remains unclear. Its overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma impairs cholesterol homeostasis due to the altered activation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2, which results in the accumulation of cellular cholesteryl esters (CE). In this work, we explored whether high cholesterol synthesis and esterification originates changes in glycerolipid metabolism that might affect cell growth, given that acetyl-coenzyme A is required for cholesterogenesis and fatty acids (FA) are the substrates of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). SND1-overexpressing hepatoma cells show low triglyceride (TG) synthesis, but phospholipid biosynthesis or cell growth is not affected. Limited TG synthesis is not due to low acetyl-coenzyme A or NADPH availability. We demonstrate that the main factor limiting TG synthesis is the utilization of FAs for cholesterol esterification. These metabolic adaptations are linked to high Scd1 expression, needed for the de novo production of oleic acid, the main FA used by ACAT. We conclude that high cholesterogenesis due to SND1 overexpression might determine the channeling of FAs to CEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiart Navarro-Imaz
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Chico
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Yuri Rueda
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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29
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Cui X, Zhao C, Yao X, Qian B, Su C, Ren Y, Yao Z, Gao X, Yang J. SND1 acts as an anti-apoptotic factor via regulating the expression of lncRNA UCA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. RNA Biol 2018; 15:1364-1375. [PMID: 30321081 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1534525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional SND1 (staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1) protein is reportedly associated with different types of RNA molecules, including mRNA, miRNA, pre-miRNA, and dsRNA. SND1 has been implicated in a number of biological processes in eukaryotic cells, including cell cycle, DNA damage repair, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the specific molecular mechanism regarding the anti-apoptotic role of SND1 in mammalian cells remains largely elusive. In this study, the analysis of the online HPA (human protein atlas) and TCGA (the cancer genome atlas) databases showed the significantly high expression of SND1 in liver cancer patients. We found that the downregulation or complete depletion of SND1 enhanced the apoptosis levels of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells upon stimulation with 5-Fu (5-fluorouracil), a chemotherapeutic drug for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). SND1 affected the 5-Fu-induced apoptosis levels of HCC cells by modulating the expression of UCA1 (urothelial cancer associated 1), which is a lncRNA (long non-coding RNA). Moreover, MYB (MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor) may be involved in the regulation of SND1 in UCA1 expression. In summary, our study identified SND1 as an anti-apoptotic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the modulation of lncRNA UCA1, which sheds new light on the relationship between SND1 protein and lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Cui
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xuyang Yao
- c Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Baoxin Qian
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chao Su
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhi Yao
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jie Yang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Excellent Talent Project , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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30
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Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Mendoza R, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. The multifaceted oncogene SND1 in cancer: focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 32258418 PMCID: PMC7117101 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2018.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a protein that regulates a complex array of functions. It controls gene expression through transcriptional activation, mRNA degradation, mRNA stabilization, ubiquitination and alternative splicing. More than two decades of research has accumulated evidence of the role of SND1 as an oncogene in various cancers. It is a promoter of cancer hallmarks like proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition to these functions, it has a role in lipid metabolism, inflammation and stress response. The participation of SND1 in such varied functions makes it distinct from most oncogenes that are relatively more focused in their role. This becomes important in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since in addition to typical cancer drivers, factors like lipid metabolism deregulation and chronic inflammation can predispose hepatocytes to HCC. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the current knowledge available on SND1, specifically in relation to HCC and to shed light on its prospect as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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31
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Li CL, Yang WZ, Shi Z, Yuan HS. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease is a structure-specific ribonuclease that degrades RNA at unstructured regions during microRNA decay. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:739-748. [PMID: 29440319 PMCID: PMC5900569 DOI: 10.1261/rna.064501.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN) is an evolutionarily conserved ribonuclease in eukaryotes that is composed of five staphylococcal nuclease-like domains (SN1-SN5) and a Tudor domain. TSN degrades hyper-edited double-stranded RNA, including primary miRNA precursors containing multiple I•U and U•I pairs, and mature miRNA during miRNA decay. However, how TSN binds and degrades its RNA substrates remains unclear. Here, we show that the C. elegans TSN (cTSN) is a monomeric Ca2+-dependent ribonuclease, cleaving RNA chains at the 5'-side of the phosphodiester linkage to produce degraded fragments with 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-phosphate ends. cTSN degrades single-stranded RNA and double-stranded RNA containing mismatched base pairs, but is not restricted to those containing multiple I•U and U•I pairs. cTSN has at least two catalytic active sites located in the SN1 and SN3 domains, since mutations of the putative Ca2+-binding residues in these two domains strongly impaired its ribonuclease activity. We further show by small-angle X-ray scattering that rice osTSN has a flexible two-lobed structure with open to closed conformations, indicating that TSN may change its conformation upon RNA binding. We conclude that TSN is a structure-specific ribonuclease targeting not only single-stranded RNA, but also unstructured regions of double-stranded RNA. This study provides the molecular basis for how TSN cooperates with RNA editing to eliminate duplex RNA in cell defense, and how TSN selects and degrades RNA during microRNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, ROC
| | - Wei-Zen Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, ROC
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, ROC
| | - Hanna S Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10048, ROC
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32
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Chou HL, Tian L, Kumamaru T, Hamada S, Okita TW. Multifunctional RNA Binding Protein OsTudor-SN in Storage Protein mRNA Transport and Localization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1608-1623. [PMID: 29084903 PMCID: PMC5717745 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional RNA-binding protein Tudor-SN plays multiple roles in transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes due to its modular domain structure, consisting of four tandem Staphylococcus nuclease (SN)-like domains (4SN), followed by a carboxyl-terminal Tudor domain, followed by a fifth partial SN sequence (Tsn). In plants, it confers stress tolerance, is a component of stress granules and P-bodies, and may participate in stabilizing and localizing RNAs to specific subdomains of the cortical-endoplasmic reticulum in developing rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm. Here, we show that, in addition to the intact rice OsTudor-SN protein, the 4SN and Tsn modules exist as independent polypeptides, which collectively may coassemble to form a complex population of homodimer and heteroduplex species. The 4SN and Tsn modules exhibit different roles in RNA binding and as a protein scaffold for stress-associated proteins and RNA-binding proteins. Despite their distinct individual properties, mutations in both the 4SN and Tsn modules mislocalize storage protein mRNAs to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum. These results indicate that the two modular peptide regions of OsTudor-SN confer different cellular properties but cooperate in mRNA localization, a process linking its multiple functions in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
| | - Toshihiro Kumamaru
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hamada
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Thomas W Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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33
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Armengol S, Arretxe E, Enzunza L, Llorente I, Mendibil U, Navarro-Imaz H, Ochoa B, Chico Y, Martínez MJ. SREBP-2-driven transcriptional activation of human SND1 oncogene. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108181-108194. [PMID: 29296233 PMCID: PMC5746135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is linked to cancer progression and metastatic spread. Increasing evidence indicates that SND1 plays a role in lipid homeostasis. Recently, it has been shown that SND1-overexpressing hepatocellular carcinoma cells present an increased de novo cholesterol synthesis and cholesteryl ester accumulation. Here we reveal that SND1 oncogene is a novel target for SREBPs. Exposure of HepG2 cells to the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin or to a lipoprotein-deficient medium triggers SREBP-2 activation and increases SND1 promoter activity and transcript levels. Similar increases in SND1 promoter activity and mRNA are mimicked by overexpressing nuclear SREBP-2 through expression vector transfection. Conversely, SREBP-2 suppression with specific siRNA or the addition of cholesterol/25-hydroxycholesterol to cell culture medium reduces transcriptional activity of SND1 promoter and SND1 mRNA abundance. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and site-directed mutagenesis show that SREBP-2 binds to the SND1 proximal promoter in a region containing one SRE and one E-box motif which are critical for maximal transcriptional activity under basal conditions. SREBP-1, in contrast, binds exclusively to the SRE element. Remarkably, while ectopic expression of SREBP-1c or -1a reduces SND1 promoter activity, knocking-down of SREBP-1 enhances SND1 mRNA and protein levels but failed to affect SND1 promoter activity. These findings reveal that SREBP-2 and SREBP-1 bind to specific sites in SND1 promoter and regulate SND1 transcription in opposite ways; it is induced by SREBP-2 activating conditions and repressed by SREBP-1 overexpression. We anticipate the contribution of a SREBPs/SND1 pathway to lipid metabolism reprogramming of human hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Armengol
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Enara Arretxe
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Leire Enzunza
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Irati Llorente
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Unai Mendibil
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Hiart Navarro-Imaz
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Yolanda Chico
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - María José Martínez
- Lipids & Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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Zhu W, Tan S. Tudor-SN protein expression in colorectal cancer and its association with clinical characteristics. Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesTudor-SN protein (SND1) is known to be up-regulated in some types of human malignancies and functions as an oncogene. The objective of our study was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of SND1 in human colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsReal-time PCR and western blot were performed to examine the SND1 expression in human CRC and their corresponding non-cancerous colon tissues from 42 patients. Its clinical significance was evaluated by analyzing its expression with multiple pathological characters of CRC patients. Finally, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was derived for SND1 gene expression among these CRC patients.ResultsWe found a significantly increased expression of SND1 mRNA and protein in tissue samples of CRC when compared to those in the paired normal adjacent colon tissues. High SND1 expression was positively correlated with higher tumor grades, aggressive N1+N2 nodal status and poor differentiation. Additionally, the overall survival rate in CRC patients with higher expression of SND1 was significantly shorter than that with lower SND1 expression.ConclusionOur findings suggested that SND1 might act as an important agent in the CRC carcinogenesis and predicted worse outcomes. The high expression of SND1 could be used as a novel predictive and prognostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan City, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianmen First People‘s Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei, 431700, PR China
| | - Shiyun Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China, No.99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Hubei Province, Wuhan City, 430060, PR China
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Shao J, Gao F, Zhang B, Zhao M, Zhou Y, He J, Ren L, Yao Z, Yang J, Su C, Gao X. Aggregation of SND1 in Stress Granules is Associated with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton During Heat Shock Stimulus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:2192-2199. [PMID: 28758359 PMCID: PMC5697672 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic dense structures in the cytoplasm that form in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a type of RNA‐binding protein and has been identified as a transcriptional co‐activator. Our previous studies have shown that SND1 is a component of the stress granule, which forms under stress conditions. Here, we observed that SND1 granules were often surrounded by ɑ‐tubulin‐microtubules in 45°C‐treated HeLa cells at 15 min or colocalized with microtubules at 30 or 45 min. Furthermore, Nocodazole‐mediated microtubule depolymerization could significantly affect the efficient recruitment of SND1 proteins to the SGs during heat shock stress. In addition, the 45°C heat shock mediated the enhancement of eIF2α phosphorylation, which was not affected by treatment with Nocodazole, an agent that disrupts the cytoskeleton. The intact microtubule cytoskeletal tracks are important for the efficient assembly of SND1 granules under heat shock stress and may facilitate SND1 shuttling between cytoplasmic RNA foci. Anat Rec, 300:2192–2199, 2017. © 2017 The Authors The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan He
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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Jariwala N, Rajasekaran D, Mendoza RG, Shen XN, Siddiq A, Akiel MA, Robertson CL, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Fisher PB, Sanyal AJ, Sarkar D. Oncogenic Role of SND1 in Development and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3306-3316. [PMID: 28428278 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SND1, a subunit of the miRNA regulatory complex RISC, has been implicated as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we show that hepatocyte-specific SND1 transgenic mice (Alb/SND1 mice) develop spontaneous HCC with partial penetrance and exhibit more highly aggressive HCC induced by chemical carcinogenesis. Livers from Alb/SND1 mice exhibited a relative increase in inflammatory markers and spheroid-generating tumor-initiating cells (TIC). Mechanistic investigations defined roles for Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in promoting TIC formation in Alb/SND1 mice. In human xenograft models of subcutaneous or orthotopic HCC, administration of the selective SND1 inhibitor 3', 5'-deoxythymidine bisphosphate (pdTp), inhibited tumor formation without effects on body weight or liver function. Our work establishes an oncogenic role for SND1 in promoting TIC formation and highlights pdTp as a highly selective SND1 inhibitor as a candidate therapeutic lead to treat advanced HCC. Cancer Res; 77(12); 3306-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rachel G Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. .,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Su C, Gao X, Yang W, Zhao Y, Fu X, Cui X, Zhang C, Xin L, Ren Y, Li L, Shui W, Yang X, Wei M, Yang J. Phosphorylation of Tudor-SN, a novel substrate of JNK, is involved in the efficient recruitment of Tudor-SN into stress granules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:562-571. [PMID: 28011284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of certain stress granule (SG) proteins are closely related to the assembly of SGs, a type of cytoplasmic foci structure. Our previous studies revealed that the Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) protein participates in the formation of SGs. However, the functional significance of potential Tudor-SN modifications during stress has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the Tudor-SN protein was phosphorylated at threonine 103 (T103) upon stimulation with arsenite. In addition, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was found to be responsible for Tudor-SN phosphorylation at the T103 site. We further illustrated that either a T103A mutation or the suppression of phosphorylation of T103 by the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the efficient recruitment of Tudor-SN into SGs. In addition, the T103A mutation could affect the physical binding of Tudor-SN with the G3BP (Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein) protein but not with the HuR (Hu antigen R) protein and AGTR1-3'UTR (3'-untranslated region of angiotensin II receptor, type 1) mRNA cargo. These data suggested that JNK-enhanced Tudor-SN phosphorylation promotes the interaction between Tudor-SN and G3BP and facilitates the efficient recruitment of Tudor-SN into SGs under conditions of sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress. This finding provides novel insights into the physiological function of Tudor-SN modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wendong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoteng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lixin Li
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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38
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Tudor staphylococcal nuclease: biochemistry and functions. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1739-1748. [PMID: 27612014 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN, also known as Tudor-SN, SND1 or p100) is an evolutionarily conserved protein with invariant domain composition, represented by tandem repeat of staphylococcal nuclease domains and a tudor domain. Conservation along significant evolutionary distance, from protozoa to plants and animals, suggests important physiological functions for TSN. It is known that TSN is critically involved in virtually all pathways of gene expression, ranging from transcription to RNA silencing. Owing to its high protein-protein binding affinity coexistent with enzymatic activity, TSN can exert its biochemical function by acting as both a scaffolding molecule of large multiprotein complexes and/or as a nuclease. TSN is indispensible for normal development and stress resistance, whereas its increased expression is closely associated with various types of cancer. Thus, TSN is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy and a potent tumor marker. Considering ever increasing interest to further understand a multitude of TSN-mediated processes and a mechanistic role of TSN in these processes, here we took an attempt to summarize and update the available information about this intriguing multifunctional protein.
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39
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Dallmann A, Beribisky AV, Gnerlich F, Rübbelke M, Schiesser S, Carell T, Sattler M. Site-Specific Isotope-Labeling of Inosine Phosphoramidites and NMR Analysis of an Inosine-Containing RNA Duplex. Chemistry 2016; 22:15350-15359. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Dallmann
- Institute of Structural Biology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Alexander V. Beribisky
- Institute of Structural Biology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Felix Gnerlich
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Martin Rübbelke
- Institute of Structural Biology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Schiesser
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Chair Biomolecular NMR; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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40
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Navarro-Imaz H, Rueda Y, Fresnedo O. SND1 overexpression deregulates cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:988-996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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41
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Emdad L, Das SK, Hu B, Kegelman T, Kang DC, Lee SG, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC: A Promiscuous Protein Partner Critical in Cancer, Obesity, and CNS Diseases. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:97-132. [PMID: 27451125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its original discovery in 2002, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a primary regulator of several diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a key contributory molecule in almost every aspect of cancer progression, including uncontrolled cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, increased cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Additionally, recent studies highlight a seminal role of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. By interacting with multiple protein partners, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC plays multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. This review discusses the current state of understanding of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC regulation and function in cancer and other diseases with a focus on its association/interaction with several pivotal protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - S K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - B Hu
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - T Kegelman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - D-C Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - P B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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42
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Vartak-Sharma N, Nooka S, Ghorpade A. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and the A(E)Ging HIV/AIDS-HAND. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:133-157. [PMID: 27090750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent attempts to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-induced gene expression changes in astrocytes uncovered a multifunctional oncogene, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Our previous studies revealed that AEG-1 regulates reactive astrocytes proliferation, migration and inflammation, hallmarks of aging and CNS injury. Moreover, the involvement of AEG-1 in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease and migraine, and its induction in the aged brain suggest a plausible role in regulating overall CNS homeostasis and aging. Therefore, it is important to investigate AEG-1 specifically in aging-associated cognitive decline. In this study, we decipher the common mechanistic links in cancer, aging and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders that likely contribute to AEG-1-based regulation of astrocyte responses and function. Despite AEG-1 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and its induction by HIV-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, the specific role(s) of AEG-1 in astrocyte-driven HIV-1 neuropathogenesis are incompletely defined. We propose that AEG-1 plays a central role in a multitude of cellular stress responses involving mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleolus. It is thus important to further investigate AEG-1-based cellular and molecular regulation in order to successfully develop better therapeutic approaches that target AEG-1 to combat cancer, HIV-1 and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vartak-Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Shruthi Nooka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA.
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Zagryazhskaya A, Surova O, Akbar NS, Allavena G, Gyuraszova K, Zborovskaya IB, Tchevkina EM, Zhivotovsky B. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease drives chemoresistance of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by regulating S100A11. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12156-73. [PMID: 25940438 PMCID: PMC4494929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the major lung cancer subtype, is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate that Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (SND1 or TSN) is overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and tissues, and is important for maintaining NSCLC chemoresistance. Downregulation of TSN by RNAi in NSCLC cells led to strong potentiation of cell death in response to cisplatin. Silencing of TSN was accompanied by a significant decrease in S100A11 expression at both mRNA and protein level. Downregulation of S100A11 by RNAi resulted in enhanced sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluouracil. AACOCF3, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, strongly abrogated chemosensitization upon silencing of S100A11 suggesting that PLA2 inhibition by S100A11 governs the chemoresistance of NSCLC. Moreover, silencing of S100A11 stimulated mitochondrial superoxide production, which was decreased by AACOCF3, as well as N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which also mimicked the effect of PLA2 inhibitor on NSCLC chemosensitization upon S100A11 silencing. Thus, we present the novel TSN-S100A11-PLA2 axis regulating superoxide-dependent apoptosis, triggered by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC that may be targeted by innovative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zagryazhskaya
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Surova
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadeem S Akbar
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Allavena
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Katarina Gyuraszova
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Irina B Zborovskaya
- NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, ML Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena M Tchevkina
- NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, ML Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, ML Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
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Carr SM, Poppy Roworth A, Chan C, La Thangue NB. Post-translational control of transcription factors: methylation ranks highly. FEBS J 2015; 282:4450-65. [PMID: 26402372 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histones has long been known to determine both chromatin structure and gene expression. In recent years, the methylation of non-histone proteins has emerged as a prevalent modification which impacts on diverse processes such as cell cycle control, DNA repair, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis and tumourigenesis. Many of these non-histone targets represent transcription factors, cell signalling molecules and tumour suppressor proteins. Evidence now suggests that the dysregulation of methyltransferases, demethylases and reader proteins is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer, and several of these proteins represent potential therapeutic targets for small molecule compounds, fuelling a recent surge in chemical inhibitor design. Such molecules will greatly help us to understand the role of methylation in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - A Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cheryl Chan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
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45
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Arretxe E, Armengol S, Mula S, Chico Y, Ochoa B, Martínez MJ. Profiling of promoter occupancy by the SND1 transcriptional coactivator identifies downstream glycerolipid metabolic genes involved in TNFα response in human hepatoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:10673-88. [PMID: 26323317 PMCID: PMC4678849 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB-inducible Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain-containing 1 gene (SND1) encodes a coactivator involved in inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis. While SND1 is known to interact with certain transcription factors and activate client gene expression, no comprehensive mapping of SND1 target genes has been reported. Here, we have approached this question by performing ChIP-chip assays on human hepatoma HepG2 cells and analyzing SND1 binding modulation by proinflammatory TNFα. We show that SND1 binds 645 gene promoters in control cells and 281 additional genes in TNFα-treated cells. Transcription factor binding site analysis of bound probes identified motifs for established partners and for novel transcription factors including HSF, ATF, STAT3, MEIS1/AHOXA9, E2F and p300/CREB. Major target genes were involved in gene expression and RNA metabolism regulation, as well as development and cellular metabolism. We confirmed SND1 binding to 21 previously unrecognized genes, including a set of glycerolipid genes. Knocking-down experiments revealed that SND1 deficiency compromises the glycerolipid gene reprogramming and lipid phenotypic responses to TNFα. Overall, our findings uncover an unexpected large set of potential SND1 target genes and partners and reveal SND1 to be a determinant downstream effector of TNFα that contributes to support glycerophospholipid homeostasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enara Arretxe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sarai Mula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Chico
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María José Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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46
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Chistiakov DA, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Human miR-221/222 in Physiological and Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:354517. [PMID: 26221589 PMCID: PMC4499635 DOI: 10.1155/2015/354517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A cluster of miR-221/222 is a key player in vascular biology through exhibiting its effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). These miRNAs contribute to vascular remodeling, an adaptive process involving phenotypic and behavioral changes in vascular cells in response to vascular injury. In proliferative vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, pathological vascular remodeling plays a prominent role. The miR-221/222 cluster controls development and differentiation of ECs but inhibits their proangiogenic activation, proliferation, and migration. miR-221/222 are primarily implicated in maintaining endothelial integrity and supporting quiescent EC phenotype. Vascular expression of miR-221/222 is upregulated in initial atherogenic stages causing inhibition of angiogenic recruitment of ECs and increasing endothelial dysfunction and EC apoptosis. In contrast, these miRNAs stimulate VSMCs and switching from the VSMC "contractile" phenotype to the "synthetic" phenotype associated with induction of proliferation and motility. In atherosclerotic vessels, miR-221/222 drive neointima formation. Both miRNAs contribute to atherogenic calcification of VSMCs. In advanced plaques, chronic inflammation downregulates miR-221/222 expression in ECs that in turn could activate intralesion neoangiogenesis. In addition, both miRNAs could contribute to cardiovascular pathology through their effects on fat and glucose metabolism in nonvascular tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Bobryshev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine and St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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47
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Gutierrez-Beltran E, Moschou PN, Smertenko AP, Bozhkov PV. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease links formation of stress granules and processing bodies with mRNA catabolism in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:926-43. [PMID: 25736060 PMCID: PMC4558657 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease (TSN or Tudor-SN; also known as SND1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in animals. Although TSN was found to be indispensable for normal plant development and stress tolerance, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana TSN is essential for the integrity and function of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes called stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), sites of posttranscriptional gene regulation during stress. TSN associates with SGs following their microtubule-dependent assembly and plays a scaffolding role in both SGs and PBs. The enzymatically active tandem repeat of four SN domains is crucial for targeting TSN to the cytoplasmic mRNA complexes and is sufficient for the cytoprotective function of TSN during stress. Furthermore, our work connects the cytoprotective function of TSN with its positive role in stress-induced mRNA decapping. While stress led to a pronounced increase in the accumulation of uncapped mRNAs in wild-type plants, this increase was abrogated in TSN knockout plants. Taken together, our results establish TSN as a key enzymatic component of the catabolic machinery responsible for the processing of mRNAs in the cytoplasmic mRNP complexes during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gutierrez-Beltran
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei P Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Su C, Zhang C, Tecle A, Fu X, He J, Song J, Zhang W, Sun X, Ren Y, Silvennoinen O, Yao Z, Yang X, Wei M, Yang J. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN), a novel regulator facilitating G1/S phase transition, acting as a co-activator of E2F-1 in cell cycle regulation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7208-20. [PMID: 25627688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) is a multifunctional protein implicated in a variety of cellular processes. In the present study, we identified Tudor-SN as a novel regulator in cell cycle. Tudor-SN was abundant in proliferating cells whereas barely expressed in terminally differentiated cells. Functional analysis indicated that ectopic overexpression of Tudor-SN promoted the G1/S transition, whereas knockdown of Tudor-SN caused G1 arrest. Moreover, the live-cell time-lapse experiment demonstrated that the cell cycle of MEF(-/-) (knock-out of Tudor-SN in mouse embryonic fibroblasts) was prolonged compared with wild-type MEF(+/+). We noticed that Tudor-SN was constantly expressed in every cell cycle phase, but was highly phosphorylated in the G1/S border. Further study revealed that Tudor-SN was a potential substrate of Cdk2/4/6, supportively, we found the physical interaction of endogenous Tudor-SN with Cdk4/6 in G1 and the G1/S border, and with Cdk2 in the G1/S border and S phase. In addition, roscovitine (Cdk1/2/5 inhibitor) or CINK4 (Cdk4/6 inhibitor) could inhibit the phosphorylation of Tudor-SN, whereas ectopic overexpression of Cdk2/4/6 increased the Tudor-SN phosphorylation. The underlying molecular mechanisms indicated that Tudor-SN could physically interact with E2F-1 in vivo, and could enhance the physical association of E2F-1 with GCN5 (a cofactor of E2F-1, which possesses histone acetyltransferase activity), and promote the binding ability of E2F-1 to the promoter region of its target genes CYCLIN A and E2F-1, and as a result, facilitate the gene transcriptional activation. Taken together, Tudor-SN is identified as a novel co-activator of E2F-1, which could facilitate E2F-1-mediated gene transcriptional activation of target genes, which play essential roles in G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Adiam Tecle
- Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xue Fu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jinyan He
- the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Juan Song
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- the Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland, and
| | - Zhi Yao
- Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Yang
- the Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Yang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China, the Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland, and
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49
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Gao X, Fu X, Song J, Zhang Y, Cui X, Su C, Ge L, Shao J, Xin L, Saarikettu J, Mei M, Yang X, Wei M, Silvennoinen O, Yao Z, He J, Yang J. Poly(A)(+) mRNA-binding protein Tudor-SN regulates stress granules aggregation dynamics. FEBS J 2015; 282:874-90. [PMID: 25559396 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) comprise the main types of cytoplasmic RNA foci during stress. Our previous data indicate that knockdown of human Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) affects the aggregation of SGs. However, the precise molecular mechanism has not been determined fully. In the present study, we demonstrate that Tudor-SN binds and colocalizes with many core components of SGs, such as poly(A)(+) mRNA binding protein 1, T-cell internal antigen-1-related protein and poly(A)(+) mRNA, and SG/PB sharing proteins Argonaute 1/2, but not PB core proteins, such as decapping enzyme 1 a/b, confirming that Tudor-SN is an SG-specific protein. We also demonstrate that the Tudor-SN granule actively communicates with the nuclear and cytosolic pool under stress conditions. Tudor-SN can regulate the aggregation dynamics of poly(A)(+) mRNA-containing SGs and selectively stabilize the SG-associated mRNA during cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, China
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50
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Gutiérrez-Beltran E, Bozhkov PV, Moschou PN. Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease plays two antagonistic roles in RNA metabolism under stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1071005. [PMID: 26237081 PMCID: PMC4883894 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to stress entails a repertoire of molecular pathways that remodel the proteome, thereby promoting selective translation of pro-survival proteins. Yet, translation of other proteins, especially those which are harmful for stress adaptation is, on the contrary, transiently suppressed through mRNA decay or storage. Proteome remodeling under stress is intimately associated with the cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes called stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs). The molecular composition and regulation of SGs and PBs in plants remain largely unknown. Recently, we identified the Arabidopsis Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease (TSN, Tudor-SN or SND1) as a SG- and PB-associated protein required for mRNA decapping under stress conditions. Here we show that SGs localize in close proximity to PBs within plant cells that enable the exchange of molecular components. Furthermore, we provide a meta-analysis of mRNA degradome of TSN-deficient plants suggesting that TSN might inhibit the degradation of mRNAs which are involved in stress adaptation. Our results establish TSN as a versatile mRNA regulator during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gutiérrez-Beltran
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence to: Emilio Gutiérrez-Beltran;
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden
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