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Jin T, Wang Z, Fan F, Wei W, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Li W, Zhu L, Hao J. HDAC1 Promotes Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis and Inhibits the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in High Glucose-Treated Schwann Cells via Decreased U4 Spliceosomal RNA. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04200-1. [PMID: 38916813 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of Schwann cells, including cell apoptosis, autophagy inhibition, dedifferentiation, and pyroptosis, is a pivotal pathogenic factor in induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an important family of proteins that epigenetically regulate gene transcription by affecting chromatin dynamics. Here, we explored the effect of HDAC1 on high glucose-cultured Schwann cells. HDAC1 expression was increased in diabetic mice and high glucose-cultured RSC96 cells, accompanied by cell apoptosis. High glucose also increased the mitochondrial pathway apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9 ratios and decreased endoplasmic reticulum response-related GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 expression in RSC96 cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC1 increased the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the levels of GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 in RSC96 cells (P < 0.05). In contrast, knockdown of HDAC1 inhibited high glucose-promoted mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and suppressed the endoplasmic reticulum response. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed that U4 spliceosomal RNA was significantly reduced in HDAC1-overexpressing RSC96 cells. Silencing of U4 spliceosomal RNA led to an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-9 and a decrease in CHOP and ATF4. Conversely, overexpression of U4 spliceosomal RNA blocked HDAC1-promoted mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum response. In addition, alternative splicing analysis of HDAC1-overexpressing RSC96 cells showed that significantly differential intron retention (IR) of Rpl21, Cdc34, and Mtmr11 might be dominant downstream targets that mediate U4 deficiency-induced Schwann cell dysfunction. Taken together, these findings indicate that HDAC1 promotes mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis and inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in high glucose-cultured Schwann cells by decreasing the U4 spliceosomal RNA/IR of Rpl21, Cdc34, and Mtmr11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Experimental Center of Clinical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Investigation, Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wandi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chenming Zhou
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Electromyogram, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China.
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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2
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Sheng Y, Hu W, Chen S, Zhu X. Efferocytosis by macrophages in physiological and pathological conditions: regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1275203. [PMID: 38779685 PMCID: PMC11109379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1275203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is defined as the highly effective phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells (ACs) by professional or non-professional phagocytes. Tissue-resident professional phagocytes ("efferocytes"), such as macrophages, have high phagocytic capacity and are crucial to resolve inflammation and aid in homeostasis. Recently, numerous exciting discoveries have revealed divergent (and even diametrically opposite) findings regarding metabolic immune reprogramming associated with efferocytosis by macrophages. In this review, we highlight the key metabolites involved in the three phases of efferocytosis and immune reprogramming of macrophages under physiological and pathological conditions. The next decade is expected to yield further breakthroughs in the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms connecting immunological outcomes to metabolic cues as well as avenues for "personalized" therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan−Ran Sheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen−Ting Hu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siman Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao−Yong Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Zhang C, Zhang W, Shui Y, Li P, Tian Z, Duan S, Wei Q. Implications of m6A-associated snRNAs in the prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001506. [PMID: 36405741 PMCID: PMC9667552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent pathological type of liver cancer worldwide with high mortality and poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can modify RNAs such as mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and tRNA, thereby playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC. However, the role of m6A-associated small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in the prognostic value and immunotherapeutic response in HCC remains unclear. Materials and methods In this study, snRNA expression data, gene mutation data, and clinical data of HCC patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to identify significant prognostic m6A-associated snRNAs, and then developed a multivariate Cox model based on the selected snRNAs. HCC patients were split into low- and high-risk groups based on the median risk score. We subsequently performed Kaplan-Meier curve analysis to estimate overall survival (OS) by clinicopathological characteristics and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status in low- and high-risk HCC patients. Finally, we compared the immunotherapeutic response as represented by tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores between the two risk groups. Results Eight m6A-associated snRNAs were selected as independent predictors to develop the risk model. Our results revealed that the OS of HCC patients in the high-risk group was significantly worse than that in the low-risk group on clinicopathologic characteristics, including age (≤65 years and >65 years), gender (male), grade (G I-II and G III-IV) and TNM staging (Stage I-II and Stage III-IV). In addition, the OS of low-TMB and low-risk group was longer than that of high-TMB and high-risk group. The TIDE score indicated that HCC patients in the high-risk group were more susceptible to immunotherapy. Conclusion Our study suggests that m6A-associated snRNAs may be useful biomarkers for the prognosis of HCC and that m6A-associated snRNA models can predict the effect of immunotherapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjie Shui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifeng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichun Wei, ; Shiwei Duan,
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichun Wei, ; Shiwei Duan,
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4
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Liang Z, Su D, Liu K, Jiang H. Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanism and a novel prognostic signature based on small nuclear RNA biomarkers in gastric cancer patients. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:991-1006. [PMID: 35733621 PMCID: PMC9164292 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are rarely reported in cancer. This study is based on The Cancer Genome Atlas genome-wide data set to explore the prognostic value and molecular mechanism of snRNAs in gastric cancer (GC). Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment analysis were used to explore the molecular mechanism of snRNAs. A total of 351 patients were included in the survival analysis, and 14 prognostic snRNAs were identified using multivariate survival analysis. We constructed a prognostic signature containing nine snRNAs, which can signally classify patients into high- and low-risk phenotypes (adjusted P < 0.0001, hazard ratio = 2.671, 95% confidence interval = 1.850–3.858). Combining the molecular mechanisms obtained by the three functional enrichment approaches, we concluded that this prognostic signature snRNAs participated in classical tumor-related signaling pathways, including Notch, PI3K, toll-like receptor, etc.; cell adhesion; cell cycle; cell proliferation; and other biological processes that affect the biological phenotype of cancer cells. We also found significant downregulation of the abundance of immune cell infiltrates and immune microenvironment scores for high-risk phenotypes of GC patients. In conclusion, this study has identified 14 prognostic snRNAs signally associated with GC overall survival and also constructed a novel prognostic signature containing nine prognostic snRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxing Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Shuang Yong Road 6 , Nanning , 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , People’s Republic of China
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5
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Nelson J, Sorensen EW, Mintri S, Rabideau AE, Zheng W, Besin G, Khatwani N, Su SV, Miracco EJ, Issa WJ, Hoge S, Stanton MG, Joyal JL. Impact of mRNA chemistry and manufacturing process on innate immune activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6893. [PMID: 32637598 PMCID: PMC7314518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) represents an attractive therapeutic modality for potentially a wide range of clinical indications but requires uridine chemistry modification and/or tuning of the production process to prevent activation of cellular innate immune sensors and a concomitant reduction in protein expression. To decipher the relative contributions of these factors on immune activation, here, we compared, in multiple cell and in vivo models, mRNA that encodes human erythropoietin incorporating either canonical uridine or N1-methyl-pseudouridine (1mΨ), synthesized by either a standard process shown to have double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) impurities or a modified process that yields a highly purified mRNA preparation. Our data demonstrate that the lowest stimulation of immune endpoints was with 1mΨ made by the modified process, while mRNA containing canonical uridine was immunostimulatory regardless of process. These findings confirm that uridine modification and the reduction of dsRNA impurities are both necessary and sufficient at controlling the immune-activating profile of therapeutic mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zheng
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Hoge
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - John L. Joyal
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Rudloff I, Jardé T, Bachmann M, Elgass KD, Kerr G, Engel R, Richards E, Oliva K, Wilkins S, McMurrick PJ, Abud HE, Mühl H, Nold MF. Molecular signature of interleukin-22 in colon carcinoma cells and organoid models. Transl Res 2020; 216:1-22. [PMID: 31734267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 activates STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3 and antiapoptotic and proproliferative pathways; but beyond this, the molecular mechanisms by which IL-22 promotes carcinogenesis are poorly understood. Characterizing the molecular signature of IL-22 in human DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells, we observed increased expression of 26 genes, including NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, ≤10-fold) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, ≤7-fold), both known to promote intestinal carcinogenesis. ERP27 (endoplasmic reticulum protein-27, function unknown, ≤5-fold) and the proinflammatory ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ≤4-fold) were also increased. The effect on CEA was partly STAT3-mediated, as STAT3-silencing reduced IL-22-induced CEA by ≤56%. Silencing of CEA or NNMT inhibited IL-22-induced proliferation/migration of DLD-1, Caco-2, and SW480 colon carcinoma cells. To validate these results in primary tissues, we assessed IL-22-induced gene expression in organoids from human healthy colon and colon cancer patients, and from normal mouse small intestine and colon. Gene regulation by IL-22 was similar in DLD-1 cells and human and mouse healthy organoids. CEA was an exception with no induction by IL-22 in organoids, indicating the 3-dimensional organization of the tissue may produce signals absent in 2D cell culture. Importantly, augmentation of NNMT was 5-14-fold greater in human cancerous compared to normal organoids, supporting a role for NNMT in IL-22-mediated colon carcinogenesis. Thus, NNMT and CEA emerge as mediators of the tumor-promoting effects of IL-22 in the intestine. These data advance our understanding of the multifaceted role of IL-22 in the gut and suggest the IL-22 pathway may represent a therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rudloff
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kirstin D Elgass
- Monash Micro Imaging, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebekah Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Oliva
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Wilkins
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
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Identification of U11snRNA as an endogenous agonist of TLR7-mediated immune pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23653-23661. [PMID: 31694883 PMCID: PMC6876158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915326116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of innate immune receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is central to host defense against infections. On the other hand, these receptors are also activated by immunogenic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), typically released from dying cells, and the activation can evoke chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. One of the best known receptors involved in the immune pathogenesis is Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which recognizes RNA with single-stranded structure. However, the causative DAMP RNA(s) in the pathogenesis has yet to be identified. Here, we first developed a chemical compound, termed KN69, that suppresses autoimmunity in several established mouse models. A subsequent search for KN69-binding partners led to the identification of U11 small nuclear RNA (U11snRNA) as a candidate DAMP RNA involved in TLR7-induced autoimmunity. We then showed that U11snRNA robustly activated the TLR7 pathway in vitro and induced arthritis disease in vivo. We also found a correlation between high serum level of U11snRNA and autoimmune diseases in human subjects and established mouse models. Finally, by revealing the structural basis for U11snRNA's ability to activate TLR7, we developed more potent TLR7 agonists and TLR7 antagonists, which may offer new therapeutic approaches for autoimmunity or other immune-driven diseases. Thus, our study has revealed a hitherto unknown immune function of U11snRNA, providing insight into TLR7-mediated autoimmunity and its potential for further therapeutic applications.
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8
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Hardy MP, Audemard É, Migneault F, Feghaly A, Brochu S, Gendron P, Boilard É, Major F, Dieudé M, Hébert MJ, Perreault C. Apoptotic endothelial cells release small extracellular vesicles loaded with immunostimulatory viral-like RNAs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7203. [PMID: 31076589 PMCID: PMC6510763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells have multifaceted interactions with the immune system, both as initiators and targets of immune responses. In vivo, apoptotic endothelial cells release two types of extracellular vesicles upon caspase-3 activation: apoptotic bodies and exosome-like nanovesicles (ApoExos). Only ApoExos are immunogenic: their injection causes inflammation and autoimmunity in mice. Based on deep sequencing of total RNA, we report that apoptotic bodies and ApoExos are loaded with divergent RNA cargos that are not released by healthy endothelial cells. Apoptotic bodies, like endothelial cells, contain mainly ribosomal RNA whereas ApoExos essentially contain non-ribosomal non-coding RNAs. Endogenous retroelements, bearing viral-like features, represented half of total ApoExos RNA content. ApoExos also contained several copies of unedited Alu repeats and large amounts of non-coding RNAs with a demonstrated role in autoimmunity such as U1 RNA and Y RNA. Moreover, ApoExos RNAs had a unique nucleotide composition and secondary structure characterized by strong enrichment in U-rich motifs and unstably folded RNAs. Globally, ApoExos were therefore loaded with RNAs that can stimulate a variety of RIG-I-like receptors and endosomal TLRs. Hence, apoptotic endothelial cells selectively sort in ApoExos a diversified repertoire of immunostimulatory "self RNAs" that are tailor-made for initiation of innate immune responses and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Hardy
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Éric Audemard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Francis Migneault
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Albert Feghaly
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sylvie Brochu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Major
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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DUSP10 Negatively Regulates the Inflammatory Response to Rhinovirus through Interleukin-1β Signaling. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01659-18. [PMID: 30333178 PMCID: PMC6321923 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01659-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune control of the virus. Rhinoviral infection is a common trigger of the excessive inflammation observed during exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rhinovirus (RV) recognition by pattern recognition receptors activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are common inducers of inflammatory gene production. A family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) can regulate MAPK function, but their roles in rhinoviral infection are not known. We hypothesized that DUSPs would negatively regulate the inflammatory response to RV infection. Our results revealed that the p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs play key roles in the inflammatory response of epithelial cells to RV infection. Three DUSPs previously shown to have roles in innate immunity (DUSPs 1, 4, and 10) were expressed in primary bronchial epithelial cells, and one of them, DUSP10, was downregulated by RV infection. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of DUSP10 identified a role for the protein in negatively regulating inflammatory cytokine production in response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), alone and in combination with RV, without any effect on RV replication. This study identifies DUSP10 as an important regulator of airway inflammation in respiratory viral infection. IMPORTANCE Rhinoviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral infections, including those with rhinovirus, are the commonest cause of exacerbations. Novel therapeutics to limit viral inflammation are clearly required. The work presented here identifies DUSP10 as an important protein involved in limiting the inflammatory response in the airway without affecting immune control of the virus.
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10
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Matsumura T, Hida S, Kitazawa M, Fujii C, Kobayashi A, Takeoka M, Taniguchi SI, Miyagawa SI. Fascin1 suppresses RIG-I-like receptor signaling and interferon-β production by associating with IκB kinase ϵ (IKKϵ) in colon cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6326-6336. [PMID: 29496994 PMCID: PMC5925820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.819201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin1 is an actin-bundling protein involved in cancer cell migration and has recently been shown also to have roles in virus-mediated immune cell responses. Because viral infection has been shown to activate immune cells and to induce interferon-β expression in human cancer cells, we evaluated the effects of fascin1 on virus-dependent signaling via the membrane- and actin-associated protein RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) in colon cancer cells. We knocked down fascin1 expression with shRNA retrovirally transduced into a DLD-1 colon cancer and L929 fibroblast-like cell lines and used luciferase reporter assays and co-immunoprecipitation to identify fascin1 targets. We found that intracellular poly(I·C) transfection to mimic viral infection enhances the RIG-I/MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5)-mediated dimerization of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3). The transfection also significantly increased the expression levels of IRF-7, interferon-β, and interferon-inducible cytokine IP-10 in fascin1-deleted cells compared with controls while significantly suppressing cell growth, migration, and invasion. We also found that fascin1 constitutively interacts with IκB kinase ϵ (IKKϵ) in the RIG-I signaling pathway. In summary, we have identified fascin1 as a suppressor of the RIG-I signaling pathway associating with IκB kinase ϵ in DLD-1 colon cancer cells to suppress immune responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomio Matsumura
- From the Departments of Molecular Oncology and
- Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine
- the Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, and
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- the Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, and
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- From the Departments of Molecular Oncology and
- the Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan and
| | - Akira Kobayashi
- the Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, and
| | - Michiko Takeoka
- the Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, and
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11
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Cao H, Niu W, Li M, Xi X, Wang J. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein promotes proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells through Toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1852-1860. [PMID: 28480962 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Huimin Cao
- College of Public Health; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Wenyi Niu
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Mingying Li
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Xiu'e Xi
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine-Tuberculosis; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Wehui Xinxiang Henan Province China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan Province China
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12
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Ghosh M, Subramani J, Rahman MM, Shapiro LH. CD13 restricts TLR4 endocytic signal transduction in inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4466-76. [PMID: 25801433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the innate immune response underlies numerous pathological conditions. The TLR4 is the prototypical sensor of infection or injury that orchestrates the innate response via sequential activation of both cell surface and endocytic signaling pathways that trigger distinct downstream consequences. CD14 binds and delivers LPS to TLR4 and has been identified as a positive regulator of TLR4 signal transduction. It is logical that negative regulators of this process also exist to maintain the critical balance required for fighting infection, healing damaged tissue, and resolving inflammation. We showed that CD13 negatively modulates receptor-mediated Ag uptake in dendritic cells to control T cell activation in adaptive immunity. In this study, we report that myeloid CD13 governs internalization of TLR4 and subsequent innate signaling cascades, activating IRF-3 independently of CD14. CD13 is cointernalized with TLR4, CD14, and dynamin into Rab5(+) early endosomes upon LPS treatment. Importantly, in response to TLR4 ligands HMGB1 and LPS, p-IRF-3 activation and transcription of its target genes are enhanced in CD13(KO) dendritic cells, whereas TLR4 surface signaling remains unaffected, resulting in a skewed inflammatory response. This finding is physiologically relevant as ischemic injury in vivo provoked identical TLR4 responses. Finally, CD13(KO) mice showed significantly enhanced IFNβ-mediated signal transduction via JAK-STAT, escalating inducible NO synthase transcription levels and promoting accumulation of oxidative stress mediators and tissue injury. Mechanistically, inflammatory activation of macrophages upregulates CD13 expression and CD13 and TLR4 coimmunoprecipitate. Therefore, CD13 negatively regulates TLR4 signaling, thereby balancing the innate response by maintaining the inflammatory equilibrium critical to innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Jaganathan Subramani
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - M Mamunur Rahman
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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13
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Parker LC, Stokes CA, Sabroe I. Rhinoviral infection and asthma: the detection and management of rhinoviruses by airway epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:20-8. [PMID: 24355017 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) have been linked to the development of childhood asthma and recurrent acute asthma exacerbations throughout life, and contribute considerably to the healthcare and economic burden of this disease. However, the ability of HRV infections to trigger exacerbations, and the link between allergic status and HRV responsiveness, remains incompletely understood. Whilst the receptors on human airway cells that detect and are utilized by most HRV group A and B, but not C serotypes are known, how endosomal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect HRV replication products that are generated within the cytoplasm remains somewhat of an enigma. In this article, we explore a role for autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process that allows the cell to encapsulate its own cytosolic constituents, as the crucial mechanism controlling this process and regulating the innate immune response of airway epithelial cells to viral infection. We will also briefly describe some of the recent insights into the immune responses of the airway to HRV, focusing on neutrophilic inflammation that is a potentially unwanted feature of the acute response to viral infection, and the roles of IL-1 and Pellinos in the regulation of responses to HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Parker
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Berman R, Huang C, Jiang D, Finigan JH, Wu Q, Chu HW. MUC18 Differentially Regulates Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 25478290 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MUC18 or CD146, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is mainly expressed by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells where it serves as a cell-cell adhesion molecule. We have found MUC18 up-regulation in airway epithelial cells of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the function of MUC18 in airway epithelial cells remains unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that MUC18 exerts a pro-inflammatory function during stimulation with a viral mimic polyI:C or human rhinovirus infection. METHODS Normal human primary airway epithelial cells were transduced with lentivirus encoding MUC18 cDNA to over-express MUC18 or with GFP (control), and treated with polyI:C or HRV for detection of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and anti-viral gene IFN-β. Additionally, we performed cell culture of human lung epithelial cell line NCIH292 cells to determine the mechanisms of MUC18 function. RESULTS We found that MUC18 over-expression promoted IL-8 production, while it inhibited IFN-β expression following polyI:C stimulation or HRV infection. Increased phosphorylation of MUC18 serines was observed in MUC18 over-expressing cells. Reduction of MUC18 serine phosphorylation by inhibiting ERK activity was associated with less production of IL-8 following polyI:C stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results for the first time demonstrate MUC18's pro-inflammatory and anti-viral function in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Chunjian Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James H Finigan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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15
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Gatti G, Nuñez NG, Nocera DA, Dejager L, Libert C, Giraudo C, Maccioni M. Direct effect of dsRNA mimetics on cancer cells induces endogenous IFN-β production capable of improving dendritic cell function. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1849-61. [PMID: 23636788 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimetics have been explored in cancer immunotherapy to promote antitumoral immune response. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) are synthetic analogs of viral dsRNA and strong inducers of type I interferon (IFN). We describe here a novel effect of dsRNA analogs on cancer cells: besides their potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis through an IFN-β autocrine loop, dsRNA-elicited IFN-β production improves dendritic cell (DC) functionality. Human A549 lung and DU145 prostate carcinoma cells significantly responded to poly I:C stimulation, producing IFN-β at levels that were capable of activating STAT1 and enhancing CXCL10, CD40, and CD86 expression on human monocyte-derived DCs. IFN-β produced by poly I:C-activated human cancer cells increased the capacity of monocyte-derived DCs to stimulate IFN-γ production in an allogeneic stimulatory culture in vitro. When melanoma murine B16 cells were stimulated in vitro with poly A:U and then inoculated into TLR3(-/-) mice, smaller tumors were elicited. This tumor growth inhibition was abrogated in IFNAR1(-/-) mice. Thus, dsRNA compounds are effective adjuvants not only because they activate DCs and promote strong adaptive immunity, but also because they can directly act on cancer cells to induce endogenous IFN-β production and contribute to the antitumoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gatti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Balah A, Mühl H, Pfeilschifter J, Akool ES. Molecular mechanisms of PDGF-AA expression induced by the dsRNA-mimetic poly (I:C) and IL-18. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:691-5. [PMID: 23702484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several animal studies suggest a role of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) particularly A and B in atherosclerosis. Previously, it has been shown that viral infections have the ability to initiate and accelerate atherosclerosis in animal models. Recently, it has been reported that IL-18 has a pro-atherogenic character. Moreover, viral infections have been shown to be associated with induction of IL-18 bioactivity. By using human predendritic KG1 cells, we sought to assess PDGF-AA production under the influence of IL-18 and the byproduct of viral replication, dsRNA-mimetic poly (I:C). Here we demonstrate that poly (I:C) and IL-18 have the ability to induce PDGF-AA expression. In addition, costimulation of KG-1 cells with both IL-18 plus poly (I:C) shows an additive effect on PDGF-AA production. Furthermore, we demonstrate that neither p38 nor SAPK/JNK is required for PDGF-AA production by both PIC and IL-18. However, the expression of PDGF-AA has been found to be associated with increased activation of NF-κB and enhancement of DNA-binding capacity of NF-κB as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershift analysis. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the byproduct of viral replication, dsRNA [poly (I:C)], and IL-18 have the ability to induce PDGF-AA in NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, dsRNA act in an additive way with IL-18 to induce PDGF-AA which plays a major role in atherosclerosis. These data might help to understand the pro-atherogenic character of IL-18 and molecular mechanisms of viral infection-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Balah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Guo R, Li Y, Ning J, Sun D, Lin L, Liu X. HnRNP A1/A2 and SF2/ASF regulate alternative splicing of interferon regulatory factor-3 and affect immunomodulatory functions in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62729. [PMID: 23658645 PMCID: PMC3639176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticule A1/A2 (hnRNP A1/A2) and splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor (SF2/ASF) are pivotal for precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. Interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) plays critical roles in host defense against viral and microbial infection. Truncated IRF-3 proteins resulting from alternative splicing have been identified and characterized as functional antagonists to full-length IRF-3. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism for splicing regulation of IRF-3 pre-mRNA and first reported the regulatory effect of hnRNP A1/A2 and SF2/ASF on IRF-3 splicing and activation. RNA interference-mediated depletion of hnRNP A1/A2 or SF2/ASF in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells increased exclusion of exons 2 and 3 of IRF-3 gene and reduced expression levels of IRF-3 protein and IRF-3 downstream effector molecules interferon-beta and CXCL10/IP-10. In addition, direct binding of hnRNP A1 and SF2/ASF to specific binding motifs in IRF-3 intron 1 was confirmed by RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subsequent minigene splicing assay showed that IRF-3 minigenes with mutated hnRNPA 1/A2 or SF2/ASF binding motifs increased exclusion of exons 2 and 3. Moreover, knockdown of hnRNP A1/A2 or SF2/ASF in NSCLC cells reinforced phytohemagglutinin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but suppressed that of interleukin-10 in NSCLC/PBMC co-cultures. Taken together, our results suggest that specific knockdown for hnRNP A1/A2 or SF2/ASF increase exclusion of exons 2 and 3 of IRF-3 pre-mRNA and influence immunomodulatory functions of human NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Ning
- Department of Cell Biology, Crown Bioscience Incorporation (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Bachmann M, Ulziibat S, Härdle L, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. IFNα converts IL-22 into a cytokine efficiently activating STAT1 and its downstream targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:396-403. [PMID: 23153456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides their antiviral activity, type I Interferons (IFN) display context-specific immunomodulation. In contrast to long-known IFNα/β, Interleukin (IL)-22 is an anti-bacterial, largely tissue protective cytokine that recently gained attention. Herein, cellular IFNα/IL-22 interactions are investigated. We report that pre-conditioning of epithelial cells with IFNα initiated dramatic changes in IL-22 signaling normally dominated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3. Specifically, by using human DLD1 colon epithelial/carcinoma cells we demonstrate that, upon IFNα, IL-22 converts into a cytokine robustly activating STAT1 and its downstream pro-inflammatory targets CXCL9, CXCL10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Accordingly, only after IFNα pre-incubation was IL-22-induced STAT1 binding to the CXCL10 promoter detectable. Using the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and the IFNα/β antagonist B18R we furthermore demonstrate the capability of endogenous IFN to promote IL-22-induced STAT1 activation and expression of CXCL10. IL-22-induced STAT1 activation subsequent to IFNα priming became likewise apparent in human Caco2 colon epithelial/carcinoma cells, HepG2 hepatoma cells, and primary keratinocytes. Current observations may relate to characteristics of IFNα/β in clinical therapy and expose margins of tissue protection by IL-22 application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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19
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Borysiewicz E, Doppalapudi S, Kirschman LT, Konat GW. TLR3 ligation protects human astrocytes against oxidative stress. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 255:54-9. [PMID: 23245579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytic Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role not only in antiviral response but also in regeneration/healing of the CNS. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the neuroprotective effects of TLR3 signaling also include antioxidative protection. TLR3 ligation in human astrocytes induced protracted resistance of the cells to H(2)O(2) toxicity. Similar resistance was induced by conditioned medium from TLR3-ligated astrocytes indicating the involvement of paracrine signaling mechanisms. Out of 13 major antioxidative genes only the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was postligationally upregulated suggesting that SOD2 is the major enzyme responsible for this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borysiewicz
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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20
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Green NM, Moody KS, Debatis M, Marshak-Rothstein A. Activation of autoreactive B cells by endogenous TLR7 and TLR3 RNA ligands. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39789-99. [PMID: 23019335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.383000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The key step in the activation of autoreactive B cells is the internalization of nucleic acid containing ligands and delivery of these ligands to the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) containing endolysosomal compartment. Ribonucleoproteins represent a large fraction of autoantigens in systemic autoimmune diseases. Here we demonstrate that many uridine-rich mammalian RNA sequences associated with common autoantigens effectively activate autoreactive B cells. Priming with type I IFN increased the magnitude of activation, and the range of which RNAs were stimulatory. A subset of RNAs that contain a high degree of self-complementarity also activated B cells through TLR3. For the RNA sequences that activated predominantly through TLR7, the activation is proportional to uridine-content, and more precisely defined by the frequency of specific uridine-containing motifs. These results identify parameters that define specific mammalian RNAs as ligands for TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Green
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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21
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Tarang S, Kumar S, Batra SK. Mucins and toll-like receptors: kith and kin in infection and cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 321:110-9. [PMID: 22306702 PMCID: PMC3285398 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is underlying biological phenomenon common in infection and cancer. Mucins are glycoproteins which establish a physical barrier for undesirable entry of foreign materials through epithelial surfaces. A deregulated expression and an anomalous glycosylation pattern of mucins are known in large number of cancers. TLRs are class of receptors which recognize the molecular patterns of invading pathogens and activate complex inflammatory pathways to clear them. Aberrant expression of TLRs is observed in many cancers. A highly orchestrated action of mucins and TLRs is well evolved host defence mechanism; however, a link between the two in other non-infectious conditions has received less attention. Here we present an overview as to how mucins and TLRs give protection to the host and are deregulated during carcinogenesis. Further, we propose the possible mechanisms of cross-regulation between them in pathogenesis of cancer. As both mucins and TLRs are therapeutically important class of molecules, an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms connecting the two will open new avenues for the therapeutic targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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22
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Dieudonné A, Torres D, Blanchard S, Taront S, Jeannin P, Delneste Y, Pichavant M, Trottein F, Gosset P. Scavenger receptors in human airway epithelial cells: role in response to double-stranded RNA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41952. [PMID: 22879901 PMCID: PMC3413698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) cooperate in response to danger signals to adjust the host immune response. The TLR3 agonist double stranded (ds)RNA is an efficient activator of innate signalling in bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we aimed at defining the role played by scavenger receptors expressed by bronchial epithelial cells in the control of the innate response to dsRNA both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of several scavenger receptor involved in pathogen recognition was first evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells in steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Their implication in the uptake of dsRNA and the subsequent cell activation was evaluated in vitro by competition with ligand of scavenger receptors including maleylated ovalbumin and by RNA silencing. The capacity of maleylated ovalbumin to modulate lung inflammation induced by dsRNA was also investigated in mice. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α increased expression of the scavenger receptors LOX-1 and CXCL16 and the capacity to internalize maleylated ovalbumin, whereas activation by TLR ligands did not. In contrast, the expression of SR-B1 was not modulated in these conditions. Interestingly, supplementation with maleylated ovalbumin limited dsRNA uptake and inhibited subsequent activation of bronchial epithelial cells. RNA silencing of LOX-1 and SR-B1 strongly blocked the dsRNA-induced cytokine production. Finally, administration of maleylated ovalbumin in mice inhibited the dsRNA-induced infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar spaces and lung draining lymph nodes. Together, our data characterize the function of SR-B1 and LOX-1 in bronchial epithelial cells and their implication in dsRNA-induced responses, a finding that might be relevant during respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dieudonné
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
- Service d’Hématologie-Immunologie-Cytogénétique, CH de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - David Torres
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - Simon Blanchard
- LUNAM Université, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Inserm, Unit 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Unit 6299, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Solenne Taront
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Genomic and metabolic diseases, CNRS UMR8199, IBL, Lille, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- LUNAM Université, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Inserm, Unit 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Unit 6299, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- LUNAM Université, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Inserm, Unit 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Unit 6299, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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23
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Wittmann M, Doble R, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, Werfel T, Mühl H. IL-27 Regulates IL-18 binding protein in skin resident cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38751. [PMID: 22761702 PMCID: PMC3384590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-18 is an important mediator involved in chronic inflammatory conditions such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and chronic eczema. An imbalance between IL-18 and its endogenous antagonist IL-18 binding protein (BP) may account for increased IL-18 activity. IL-27 is a cytokine with dual function displaying pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Here we provide evidence for a yet not described anti-inflammatory mode of action on skin resident cells. Human keratinocytes and surprisingly also fibroblasts (which do not produce any IL-18) show a robust, dose-dependent and highly inducible mRNA expression and secretion of IL-18BP upon IL-27 stimulation. Other IL-12 family members failed to induce IL-18BP. The production of IL-18BP peaked between 48-72 h after stimulation and was sustained for up to 96 h. Investigation of the signalling pathway showed that IL-27 activates STAT1 in human keratinocytes and that a proximal GAS site at the IL-18BP promoter is of importance for the functional activity of IL-27. The data are in support of a significant anti-inflammatory effect of IL-27 on skin resident cells. An important novel property of IL-27 in skin pathobiology may be to counter-regulate IL-18 activities by acting on keratinocytes and importantly also on dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wittmann
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, LMBRU LTHT, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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24
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Rudloff I, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Mechanisms of rapid induction of interleukin-22 in activated T cells and its modulation by cyclosporin a. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:4531-43. [PMID: 22170067 PMCID: PMC3281663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.286492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is an immunoregulatory cytokine displaying pathological functions in models of autoimmunity like experimental psoriasis. Understanding molecular mechanisms driving IL-22, together with knowledge on the capacity of current immunosuppressive drugs to target this process, may open an avenue to novel therapeutic options. Here, we sought to characterize regulation of human IL22 gene expression with focus on the established model of Jurkat T cells. Moreover, effects of the prototypic immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) were investigated. We report that IL-22 induction by TPA/A23187 (T/A) or αCD3 is inhibited by CsA or related FK506. Similar data were obtained with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified CD3(+) T cells. IL22 promoter analysis (-1074 to +156 bp) revealed a role of an NF-AT (-95/-91 nt) and a CREB (-194/-190 nt) binding site for gene induction. Indeed, binding of CREB and NF-ATc2, but not c-Rel, under the influence of T/A to those elements could be proven by ChIP. Because CsA has the capability to impair IκB kinase (IKK) complex activation, the IKKα/β inhibitor IKKVII was evaluated. IKKVII likewise reduced IL-22 induction in Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, transfection of Jurkat cells with siRNA directed against IKKα impaired IL22 gene expression. Data presented suggest that NF-AT, CREB, and IKKα contribute to rapid IL22 gene induction. In particular the crucial role of NF-AT detected herein may form the basis of direct action of CsA on IL-22 expression by T cells, which may contribute to therapeutic efficacy of the drug in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rudloff
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
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25
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Slater L, Bartlett NW, Haas JJ, Zhu J, Message SD, Walton RP, Sykes A, Dahdaleh S, Clarke DL, Belvisi MG, Kon OM, Fujita T, Jeffery PK, Johnston SL, Edwards MR. Co-ordinated role of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 in the innate response to rhinovirus in bronchial epithelium. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001178. [PMID: 21079690 PMCID: PMC2973831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative roles of the endosomal TLR3/7/8 versus the intracellular RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA5 in viral infection is much debated. We investigated the roles of each pattern recognition receptor in rhinovirus infection using primary bronchial epithelial cells. TLR3 was constitutively expressed; however, RIG-I and MDA5 were inducible by 8-12 h following rhinovirus infection. Bronchial epithelial tissue from normal volunteers challenged with rhinovirus in vivo exhibited low levels of RIG-I and MDA5 that were increased at day 4 post infection. Inhibition of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 by siRNA reduced innate cytokine mRNA, and increased rhinovirus replication. Inhibition of TLR3 and TRIF using siRNA reduced rhinovirus induced RNA helicases. Furthermore, IFNAR1 deficient mice exhibited RIG-I and MDA5 induction early during RV1B infection in an interferon independent manner. Hence anti-viral defense within bronchial epithelium requires co-ordinated recognition of rhinovirus infection, initially via TLR3/TRIF and later via inducible RNA helicases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Bronchi/virology
- Cells, Cultured
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism
- Epithelium/immunology
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/virology
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Picornaviridae Infections/immunology
- Picornaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Picornaviridae Infections/virology
- RNA, Double-Stranded
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rhinovirus/pathogenicity
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Slater
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Haas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhu
- Lung Pathology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Message
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross P. Walton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie Sykes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samer Dahdaleh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah L. Clarke
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G. Belvisi
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onn M. Kon
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter K. Jeffery
- Lung Pathology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L. Johnston
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Edwards
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Qin S, Fallert Junecko BA, Trichel AM, Tarwater PM, Murphey-Corb MA, Kirschner DE, Reinhart TA. Simian immunodeficiency virus infection alters chemokine networks in lung tissues of cynomolgus macaques: association with Pneumocystis carinii infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1274-85. [PMID: 20671263 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection by HIV-1 frequently leads to pulmonary complications, including alterations to local immune environments. To better understand these alterations, we have examined in detail the patterns and levels of expression of chemokine, cytokine, and chemokine receptor mRNAs in lung tissues from 16 uninfected or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/DeltaB670 infected cynomolgus macaques at different stages of infection. Among the most up-regulated immune genes were interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-gamma-inducible CXCR3 ligands, and CCR5 ligands, as well as the cognate chemokine receptors. These changes were greatest in animals with clear Pneumocystis carinii coinfection. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed monocytes/macrophages to be the predominant type of cell infiltrating into lung tissues and serving as the major cellular source of chemokines. To explore the causes of chemokine alterations, we treated macaque lung cells with IFN-gamma, lipopolysaccharide, Poly(I:C), and P. carinii in vitro, and results revealed that these stimuli can induce the expression of CXCR3 ligand and/or CCR5 ligand mRNAs. Taken together, these studies provide a comprehensive definition of the chemokine networks available to modulate cellular recruitment to lung tissues during SIV infection and implicate both cytokines (IFN-gamma) and pathogens (SIV and P. carinii) as contributors to increased expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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27
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Avalos AM, Busconi L, Marshak-Rothstein A. Regulation of autoreactive B cell responses to endogenous TLR ligands. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:76-83. [PMID: 20014959 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903374618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune complexes containing DNA and RNA are responsible for disease manifestations found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells contribute to SLE pathology through BCR recognition of endogenous DNA- and RNA- associated autoantigens and delivery of these self-constituents to endosomal TLR9 and TLR7, respectively. B cell activation by these pathways leads to production of class-switched DNA- and RNA-reactive autoantibodies, contributing to an inflammatory amplification loop characteristic of disease. Intriguingly, self-DNA and RNA are typically non-stimulatory for TLR9/7 due to the absence of stimulatory sequences or the presence of molecular modifications. Recent evidence from our laboratory and others suggests that B cell activation by BCR/TLR pathways is tightly regulated by surface-expressed receptors on B cells, and the outcome of activation depends on the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. Either IFNalpha engagement of the type I IFN receptor or loss of IgG ligation of the inhibitory FcgammaRIIB receptor promotes B cell activation by weakly stimulatory DNA and RNA TLR ligands. In this context, autoreactive B cells can respond robustly to common autoantigens. These findings have important implications for the role of B cells in vivo in the pathology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Avalos
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 01655, USA
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28
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Balah A, Akool ES, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. The dsRNA-mimetic poly (I:C) and IL-18 synergize for IFNgamma and TNFalpha expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:628-33. [PMID: 19761760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 bioactivity and dsRNA sensing by receptors of innate immunity are key components of anti-viral host defense. Despite extensive data on signal transduction activated by both pathways knowledge on cross-communication is incomplete. By using human PBMC and predendritic KG1 cells, as prototypic IL-18-responsive cellular models, we sought to assess cytokine production under the influence of IL-18 and the dsRNA-mimetic poly (I:C). Here, we report on potent synergy between both mediators concerning pro-inflammatory IFNgamma and TNFalpha production. KG1 data revealed that synergistic induction likely relied on TLR3 and was associated with prolonged/increased activation of NF-kappaB, as detected by IkappaB analysis and luciferase reporter assays, respectively. Moreover, extended activation of JNK was mediated by IL-18/poly (I:C). Although vital for innate immunity, overwhelming induction of inflammatory cytokines during viral infections poses the threat of serious collateral tissue damage. The stunning synergism inherent to IL-18/dsRNA-induced TNFalpha/IFNgamma detected herein may contribute to this pathological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Balah
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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