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Kammers K, Taub MA, Ruczinski I, Martin J, Yanek LR, Frazee A, Gao Y, Hoyle D, Faraday N, Becker DM, Cheng L, Wang ZZ, Leek JT, Becker LC, Mathias RA. Integrity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Derived Megakaryocytes as Assessed by Genetic and Transcriptomic Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167794. [PMID: 28107356 PMCID: PMC5249236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have described our feeder-free, xeno-free approach to generate megakaryocytes (MKs) in culture from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we focus specifically on the integrity of these MKs using: (1) genotype discordance between parent cell DNA to iPSC cell DNA and onward to the differentiated MK DNA; (2) genomic structural integrity using copy number variation (CNV); and (3) transcriptomic signatures of the derived MK lines compared to the iPSC lines. We detected a very low rate of genotype discordance; estimates were 0.0001%-0.01%, well below the genotyping error rate for our assay (0.37%). No CNVs were generated in the iPSCs that were subsequently passed on to the MKs. Finally, we observed highly biologically relevant gene sets as being upregulated in MKs relative to the iPSCs: platelet activation, blood coagulation, megakaryocyte development, platelet formation, platelet degranulation, and platelet aggregation. These data strongly support the integrity of the derived MK lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kammers
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Martin
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Frazee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dixie Hoyle
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nauder Faraday
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Becker
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zack Z. Wang
- Division of Hematology and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeff T. Leek
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Economou C, Tsakiridis A, Wymeersch FJ, Gordon-Keylock S, Dewhurst RE, Fisher D, Medvinsky A, Smith AJH, Wilson V. Intrinsic factors and the embryonic environment influence the formation of extragonadal teratomas during gestation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:35. [PMID: 26453549 PMCID: PMC4599726 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotent cells are present in early embryos until the levels of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 drop at the beginning of somitogenesis. Elevating Oct4 levels in explanted post-pluripotent cells in vitro restores their pluripotency. Cultured pluripotent cells can participate in normal development when introduced into host embryos up to the end of gastrulation. In contrast, pluripotent cells efficiently seed malignant teratocarcinomas in adult animals. In humans, extragonadal teratomas and teratocarcinomas are most frequently found in the sacrococcygeal region of neonates, suggesting that these tumours originate from cells in the posterior of the embryo that either reactivate or fail to switch off their pluripotent status. However, experimental models for the persistence or reactivation of pluripotency during embryonic development are lacking. METHODS We manually injected embryonic stem cells into conceptuses at E9.5 to test whether the presence of pluripotent cells at this stage correlates with teratocarcinoma formation. We then examined the effects of reactivating embryonic Oct4 expression ubiquitously or in combination with Nanog within the primitive streak (PS)/tail bud (TB) using a transgenic mouse line and embryo chimeras carrying a PS/TB-specific heterologous gene expression cassette respectively. RESULTS Here, we show that pluripotent cells seed teratomas in post-gastrulation embryos. However, at these stages, induced ubiquitous expression of Oct4 does not lead to restoration of pluripotency (indicated by Nanog expression) and tumour formation in utero, but instead causes a severe phenotype in the extending anteroposterior axis. Use of a more restricted T(Bra) promoter transgenic system enabling inducible ectopic expression of Oct4 and Nanog specifically in the posteriorly-located primitive streak (PS) and tail bud (TB) led to similar axial malformations to those induced by Oct4 alone. These cells underwent induction of pluripotency marker expression in Epiblast Stem Cell (EpiSC) explants derived from somitogenesis-stage embryos, but no teratocarcinoma formation was observed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that although pluripotent cells with teratocarcinogenic potential can be produced in vitro by the overexpression of pluripotency regulators in explanted somitogenesis-stage somatic cells, the in vivo induction of these genes does not yield tumours. This suggests a restrictive regulatory role of the embryonic microenvironment in the induction of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Economou
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Filip J Wymeersch
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sabrina Gordon-Keylock
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Robert E Dewhurst
- Drug Discovery Unit, Telethon Kids Institute, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Dawn Fisher
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Andrew J H Smith
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Pertek A, Meier F, Irmler M, Beckers J, Skylaki S, Endele M, Wurst W, Prakash N, Kühn R. Simple Derivation of Transgene-Free iPS Cells by a Dual Recombinase Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:697-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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