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Chu W, Peng W, Lu Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang B, Liu Z, Han L, Ma H, Yang H, Han C, Lu X. PRMT6 Epigenetically Drives Metabolic Switch from Fatty Acid Oxidation toward Glycolysis and Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation During Osteoporosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403177. [PMID: 39120025 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of metabolism profoundly influences cell fate commitment. During osteoclast differentiation, the activation of RANK signaling is accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, but the epigenetic mechanisms by which RANK signaling induces this reprogramming remain elusive. By transcriptional sequence and ATAC analysis, this study identifies that activation of RANK signaling upregulates PRMT6 by epigenetic modification, triggering a metabolic switching from fatty acids oxidation toward glycolysis. Conversely, Prmt6 deficiency reverses this shift, markedly reducing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Consequently, PRMT6 deficiency or inhibitor impedes osteoclast differentiation and alleviates bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. At the molecular level, Prmt6 deficiency reduces asymmetric dimethylation of H3R2 at the promoters of genes including Ppard, Acox3, and Cpt1a, enhancing genomic accessibility for fatty acid oxidation. PRMT6 thus emerges as a metabolic checkpoint, mediating metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, thereby supporting osteoclastogenesis. Unveiling PRMT6's critical role in epigenetically orchestrating metabolic shifts in osteoclastogenesis offers a promising target for anti-resorptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weilin Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Qisheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Bangke Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhixiao Liu
- Histology and Embryology Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hongdao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haisong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- Histology and Embryology Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuhua Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
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Wang J, Shen S, You J, Wang Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Tuo Y, Chen D, Yu H, Zhang J, Wang F, Pang X, Xiao Z, Lan Q, Wang Y. PRMT6 facilitates EZH2 protein stability by inhibiting TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination degradation to promote glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:524. [PMID: 39043634 PMCID: PMC11266590 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Invasion and migration are the key hallmarks of cancer, and aggressive growth is a major factor contributing to treatment failure and poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), as an epigenetic regulator, has been confirmed to promote the malignant proliferation of glioblastoma cells in previous studies. However, the effects of PRMT6 on glioblastoma cell invasion and migration and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that PRMT6 functions as a driver element for tumor cell invasion and migration in glioblastoma. Bioinformatics analysis and glioma sample detection results demonstrated that PRMT6 is highly expressed in mesenchymal subtype or invasive gliomas, and is significantly negatively correlated with their prognosis. Inhibition of PRMT6 (using PRMT6 shRNA or inhibitor EPZ020411) reduces glioblastoma cell invasion and migration in vitro, whereas overexpression of PRMT6 produces opposite effects. Then, we identified that PRMT6 maintains the protein stability of EZH2 by inhibiting the degradation of EZH2 protein, thereby mediating the invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells. Further mechanistic investigations found that PRMT6 inhibits the transcription of TRAF6 by activating the histone methylation mark (H3R2me2a), and reducing the interaction between TRAF6 and EZH2 to enhance the protein stability of EZH2 in glioblastoma cells. Xenograft tumor assay and HE staining results showed that the expression of PRMT6 could promote the invasion of glioblastoma cells in vivo, the immunohistochemical staining results of mouse brain tissue tumor sections also confirmed the regulatory relationship between PRMT6, TRAF6, and EZH2. Our findings illustrate that PRMT6 suppresses TRAF6 transcription via H3R2me2a to enhance the protein stability of EZH2 to facilitate glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. Blocking the PRMT6-TRAF6-EZH2 axis is a promising strategy for inhibiting glioblastoma cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shiquan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhaotao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Tuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215124, Suzhou, China.
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510260, Guangzhou, China.
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Yang H, Zhang Q, Zhou S, Hu Z, Tang Q, Li Z, Feng Q, Yu L. Discovery of a first-in-class degrader for the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107439. [PMID: 38754310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PRMT6 is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, which participates in a variety of physical processes and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Using small molecules to design and synthesize targeted protein degraders is a new strategy for drug development. Here, we report the first-in-class degrader SKLB-0124 for PRMT6 based on the hydrophobic tagging (HyT) method.Importantly, SKLB-0124 induced proteasome dependent degradation of PRMT6 and significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC827 and MDA-MB-435 cells. Moreover, SKLB-0124 effectively induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in these two cell lines. Our data clarified that SKLB-0124 is a promising selective PRMT6 degrader for cancer therapy which is worthy of further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Wu X, Zhou Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Yao L, Li J, Li X. PRMT6-FOXO3A ATTENUATES APOPTOSIS BY UPREGULATING PARKIN EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY. Shock 2024; 61:791-800. [PMID: 38323918 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms involving protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a), and Parkin in IIRI and elucidate their roles in mediating cell apoptosis. The IIRI animal model was established and confirmed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model was established to mimic ischemic injury in vitro . Transient transfection was used to overexpress or knock down genes. Cell death or apoptosis was assessed by propidium iodide staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and flow cytometry. The expression of proteins was detected by western blot. The histopathology observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that the IIRI animal model was successfully established. Our findings revealed that IIRI resulted in increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 levels. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of Parkin decreased OGD/R injury and suppressed elevation of Bax/Bcl-2. PRMT6 regulated the methylation level of FoxO3a. Moreover, FoxO3a directly binds to Parkin, and FoxO3a overexpression reduced OGD/R-induced cell death and regulation of Parkin. Overexpression of PRMT6 can attenuate the downregulation of Parkin and elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 caused by OGD/R. Knockdown of PRMT6 promoted apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells of OGD/R group, while PRMT6 overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. Notably, the levels of PRMT6, FoxO3a, and Parkin were decreased in IIRI mouse intestinal tissue. Knocking out PRMT6 causes a significant decrease in the lifespan of mice. Altogether, our results demonstrated that PRMT6 upregulated the expression of Parkin by regulating FoxO3a methylation level, attenuating the apoptosis induced by IIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Inoue F, Sone K, Kumegawa K, Hachijo R, Suzuki E, Tanimoto S, Tsuboyama N, Kato K, Toyohara Y, Takahashi Y, Kusakabe M, Kukita A, Honjoh H, Nishijima A, Taguchi A, Miyamoto Y, Tanikawa M, Iriyama T, Mori M, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Suzuki H, Maruyama R, Osuga Y. Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 activates interferon signaling and induces the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells via histone modification. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:32. [PMID: 38299254 PMCID: PMC10836505 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone modification, a major epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression through chromatin remodeling, introduces dynamic changes in chromatin architecture. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including prostate, lung and endometrial cancer (EC). Epigenome regulates the expression of endogenous retrovirus (ERV), which activates interferon signaling related to cancer. The antitumor effects of PRMT6 inhibition and the role of PRMT6 in EC were investigated, using epigenome multi‑omics analysis, including an assay for chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‑seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‑seq). The expression of PRMT6 in EC was analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prognostic impact of PRMT6 expression was evaluated using IHC. The effects of PRMT6‑knockdown (KD) were investigated using cell viability and apoptosis assays, as well as its effects on the epigenome, using ChIP‑seq of H3K27ac antibodies and RNA‑seq. Finally, the downstream targets identified by multi‑omics analysis were evaluated. PRMT6 was overexpressed in EC and associated with a poor prognosis. PRMT6‑KD induced histone hypomethylation, while suppressing cell growth and apoptosis. ChIP‑seq revealed that PRMT6 regulated genomic regions related to interferons and apoptosis through histone modifications. The RNA‑seq data demonstrated altered interferon‑related pathways and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes, including NK6 homeobox 1 and phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase regulatory subunit 1, following PRMT6‑KD. RT‑qPCR revealed that eight ERV genes which activated interferon signaling were upregulated by PRMT6‑KD. The data of the present study suggested that PRMT6 inhibition induced apoptosis through interferon signaling activated by ERV. PRMT6 regulated tumor suppressor genes and may be a novel therapeutic target, to the best of our knowledge, in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futaba Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohei Kumegawa
- Cancer Cell Diversity Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Ryuta Hachijo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eri Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Saki Tanimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tsuboyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Toyohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Misako Kusakabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asako Kukita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Harunori Honjoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akira Nishijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mayuyo Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Division of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Cancer Cell Diversity Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Gao Y, Feng C, Ma J, Yan Q. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): Orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy dynamics, and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116048. [PMID: 38346542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes regulating protein arginine methylation, which is a post-translational modification crucial for various cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanistic role of PRMTs in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. PRMTs are involved in diverse oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. They exert their effects by methylation of histones, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins, resulting in altered gene expression patterns. PRMT-mediated histone methylation can lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes that drive oncogenesis. Additionally, PRMTs can directly interact with key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby modulating cell survival and proliferation. In the context of cancer immunotherapy, PRMTs have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. They modulate immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), through arginine methylation. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, and PRMTs have been implicated in this phenomenon. PRMTs can contribute to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms, including the epigenetic regulation of drug efflux pumps, altered DNA damage repair, and modulation of cell survival pathways. In conclusion, PRMTs play critical roles in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. In this overview, we have endeavored to illuminate the mechanistic intricacies of PRMT-mediated processes. Shedding light on these aspects will offer valuable insights into the fundamental biology of cancer and establish PRMTs as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chongchong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Xu L, Zhang F, Yu B, Jia S, Fan S. PRMT6 Promotes the Immune Evasion of Gastric Cancer by Upregulating ANXA1. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:69-79. [PMID: 38842205 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2024052979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a most malignancy in digestive tract worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the roles of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect PRMT6 expression in gastric tumors. Real-time transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detected mRNA levels. Protein expression was determined using western blot. Gastric cancer cells were co-cultured with CD8+ T cells. Colony formation assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed to determine CD8+ T cell function and tumor cell apoptosis. PRMT6 was overexpressed in gastric tumors. High level of PRMT6 predicted poor outcomes of gastric cancer patients and inhibition of CD8+ T cell infiltration. PRMT6 promoted proliferation of CD8+ T cells and enhanced its tumor killing ability. Moreover, PRMT6 upregulated annexin A1 (ANXA1) and promoted ANXA1 protein stability. ANXA1 overexpression suppressed the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and promoted tumor cell survival. PRMT6 functions as an oncogene in gastric cancer. PRMT6-mediated protein stability inhibits the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, resulting in immune evasion of gastric cancer. The PRMT6-ANXA1 may be a promising strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Fenger Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Binqi Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
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Harada K, Carr SM, Shrestha A, La Thangue NB. Citrullination and the protein code: crosstalk between post-translational modifications in cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220243. [PMID: 37778382 PMCID: PMC10542456 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are central to epigenetic regulation and cellular signalling, playing an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases. Growing evidence indicates that protein arginine citrullination, catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), is involved in many aspects of molecular and cell biology and is emerging as a potential druggable target in multiple diseases including cancer. However, we are only just beginning to understand the molecular activities of PADs, and their underlying mechanistic details in vivo under both physiological and pathological conditions. Many questions still remain regarding the dynamic cellular functions of citrullination and its interplay with other types of PTMs. This review, therefore, discusses the known functions of PADs with a focus on cancer biology, highlighting the cross-talk between citrullination and other types of PTMs, and how this interplay regulates downstream biological events. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Harada
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon M. Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicholas B. La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Noh B, Blasco‐Conesa MP, Rahman SM, Monga S, Ritzel R, Guzman G, Lai Y, Ganesh BP, Urayama A, McCullough LD, Moruno‐Manchon JF. Iron overload induces cerebral endothelial senescence in aged mice and in primary culture in a sex-dependent manner. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13977. [PMID: 37675802 PMCID: PMC10652299 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron imbalance in the brain negatively affects brain function. With aging, iron levels increase in the brain and contribute to brain damage and neurological disorders. Changes in the cerebral vasculature with aging may enhance iron entry into the brain parenchyma, leading to iron overload and its deleterious consequences. Endothelial senescence has emerged as an important contributor to age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature. Evidence indicates that iron overload may induce senescence in cultured cell lines. Importantly, cells derived from female human and mice generally show enhanced senescence-associated phenotype, compared with males. Thus, we hypothesize that cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) derived from aged female mice are more susceptible to iron-induced senescence, compared with CEC from aged males. We found that aged female mice, but not males, showed cognitive deficits when chronically treated with ferric citrate (FC), and their brains and the brain vasculature showed senescence-associated phenotype. We also found that primary culture of CEC derived from aged female mice, but not male-derived CEC, exhibited senescence-associated phenotype when treated with FC. We identified that the transmembrane receptor Robo4 was downregulated in the brain vasculature and in cultured primary CEC derived from aged female mice, compared with those from male mice. We discovered that Robo4 downregulation contributed to enhanced vulnerability to FC-induced senescence. Thus, our study identifies Robo4 downregulation as a driver of senescence induced by iron overload in primary culture of CEC and a potential risk factor of brain vasculature impairment and brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Noh
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Maria Pilar Blasco‐Conesa
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Syed Mushfiqur Rahman
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sheelu Monga
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rodney Ritzel
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Gary Guzman
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yun‐Ju Lai
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Solomont School of NursingZuckerberg College of Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jose Felix Moruno‐Manchon
- Department of NeurologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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10
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Cao MT, Feng Y, Zheng YG. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 is a novel substrate of protein arginine methyltransferase 1. World J Biol Chem 2023; 14:84-98. [PMID: 37901302 PMCID: PMC10600687 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v14.i5.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modifications play key roles in various biological processes. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) transfer the methyl group to specific arginine residues. Both PRMT1 and PRMT6 have emerges as crucial factors in the development and progression of multiple cancer types. We posit that PRMT1 and PRMT6 might interplay directly or in-directly in multiple ways accounting for shared disease phenotypes. AIM To investigate the mechanism of the interaction between PRMT1 and PRMT6. METHODS Gel electrophoresis autoradiography was performed to test the methyltranferase activity of PRMTs and characterize the kinetics parameters of PRMTs. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryanalysis was performed to detect the PRMT6 methylation sites. RESULTS In this study we investigated the interaction between PRMT1 and PRMT6, and PRMT6 was shown to be a novel substrate of PRMT1. We identified specific arginine residues of PRMT6 that are methylated by PRMT1, with R106 being the major methylation site. Combined biochemical and cellular data showed that PRMT1 downregulates the enzymatic activity of PRMT6 in histone H3 methylation. CONCLUSION PRMT6 is methylated by PRMT1 and R106 is a major methylation site induced by PRMT1. PRMT1 methylation suppresses the activity of PRMT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tong Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - You Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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11
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Zhang Q, Cao J, Zhang Y, Bi Z, Feng Q, Yu L, Li L. Design, synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activity of selective PRMT6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115032. [PMID: 36566712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PRMT6 is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, which is involved in a variety of physiological processes and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Due to the high homology of type Ⅰ PRMTs and the two close binding sites of the SAM pocket and the substrate pocket, selective PRMT6 inhibitors have rarely been reported. In this study, a series of (5-phenylpyridin-3-yl)methanamine derivatives were designed and synthesized, which could form hydrogen bonding interactions with the unique Glu49 of PRMT6, thereby improving the selectivity of the compounds for PRMT6. Among them, a25 had the best activity and selectivity, with more than 25-fold selectivity for PRMT1/8 and more than 50-fold selectivity for PRMT3/4/5/7, which was superior to these reported SAM competitive and substrate competitive PRMT6 inhibitors. Importantly, a25 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of various tumor cells and effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Our data clarified that a25 is a promising selective PRMT6 inhibitor for cancer therapy which is worthy of further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhenfei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qiang Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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12
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Discovery of cysteine-targeting covalent histone methyltransferase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115028. [PMID: 36528996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational methylation of histone lysine or arginine residues by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) plays crucial roles in gene regulation and diverse physiological processes and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, histone methyltransferases have been increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, the discovery and development of histone methyltransferase inhibitors have been pursued with steadily increasing interest over the past decade. However, the disadvantages of limited clinical efficacy, moderate selectivity, and propensity for acquired resistance have hindered the development of HMTs inhibitors. Targeted covalent modification represents a proven strategy for kinase drug development and has gained increasing attention in HMTs drug discovery. In this review, we focus on the discovery, characterization, and biological applications of covalent inhibitors for HMTs with emphasis on advancements in the field. In addition, we identify the challenges and future directions in this fast-growing research area of drug discovery.
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13
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Chen Y, Liang W, Du J, Ma J, Liang R, Tao M. PRMT6 functionally associates with PRMT5 to promote colorectal cancer progression through epigenetically repressing the expression of CDKN2B and CCNG1. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113413. [PMID: 36400182 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I arginine methyltransferase that asymmetrically dimethylates histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2me2a). However, the biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of PRMT6 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. METHODS PRMT6 expression in CRC tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry. The effect of PRMT6 on CRC cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays were performed to identify interaction partners of PRMT6. RNA-seq, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were used to investigate the mechanism of PRMT6 in gene regulation. RESULTS PRMT6 is significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and facilitates cell proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Through RNA-seq analysis, CDKN2B (p15INK4b) and CCNG1 were identified as new transcriptional targets of PRMT6. PRMT6-dependent H3R2me2a mark was predominantly deposited at the promoters of CDKN2B and CCNG1 in CRC cells. Furthermore, PRMT5 was firstly characterized as an interaction partner of PRMT6. Notably, H3R2me2a coincides with PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s marks at the promoters of CDKN2B and CCNG1 genes, thus leading to transcriptional repression of these genes. CONCLUSIONS PRMT6 functionally associates with PRMT5 to promote CRC progression through epigenetically repressing the expression of CDKN2B and CCNG1. These insights raise the possibility that combinational intervention of PRMT6 and PRMT5 may be a promising strategy for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Wanqing Liang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jiachi Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Rongrui Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China.
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14
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Schmidt A, Frei J, Poetsch A, Chittka A, Zhang H, Aßmann C, Lehmkuhl A, Bauer UM, Nuber UA, Cardoso MC. MeCP2 heterochromatin organization is modulated by arginine methylation and serine phosphorylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941493. [PMID: 36172281 PMCID: PMC9510713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a human intellectual disability disorder that is associated with mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene. The epigenetic reader MeCP2 binds to methylated cytosines on the DNA and regulates chromatin organization. We have shown previously that MECP2 Rett syndrome missense mutations are impaired in chromatin binding and heterochromatin reorganization. Here, we performed a proteomics analysis of post-translational modifications of MeCP2 isolated from adult mouse brain. We show that MeCP2 carries various post-translational modifications, among them phosphorylation on S80 and S421, which lead to minor changes in either heterochromatin binding kinetics or clustering. We found that MeCP2 is (di)methylated on several arginines and that this modification alters heterochromatin organization. Interestingly, we identified the Rett syndrome mutation site R106 as a dimethylation site. In addition, co-expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT)1 and PRMT6 lead to a decrease of heterochromatin clustering. Altogether, we identified and validated novel modifications of MeCP2 in the brain and show that these can modulate its ability to bind as well as reorganize heterochromatin, which may play a role in the pathology of Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schmidt
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jana Frei
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Alexandra Chittka
- Division of Medicine, The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chris Aßmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Lehmkuhl
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike A. Nuber
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike A. Nuber, ; M. Cristina Cardoso,
| | - M. Cristina Cardoso
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike A. Nuber, ; M. Cristina Cardoso,
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15
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Chen Z, Gan J, Wei Z, Zhang M, Du Y, Xu C, Zhao H. The Emerging Role of PRMT6 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841381. [PMID: 35311114 PMCID: PMC8931394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I PRMT that is involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression through methylating histone or non-histone proteins, and other processes such as alternative splicing, DNA repair, cell proliferation and senescence, and cell signaling. In addition, PRMT6 also plays different roles in various cancers via influencing cell growth, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistant, which make PRMT6 an anti-tumor therapeutic target for a variety of cancers. As a result, many PRMT6 inhibitors are being utilized to explore their efficacy as potential drugs for various cancers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the function and structure of PRMT6. At the same time, we highlight the role of PRMT6 in different cancers, including the differentiation of its promotive or inhibitory effects and the underlying mechanisms. Apart from the above, current research progress and the potential mechanisms of PRMT6 behind them were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Zhao, ; Congjian Xu,
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Zhao, ; Congjian Xu,
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16
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Zhang P, Li X, Wang Y, Guo W, Chachar S, Riaz A, Geng Y, Gu X, Yang L. PRMT6 physically associates with nuclear factor Y to regulate photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:403-414. [PMID: 36304422 PMCID: PMC9590495 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The timing of floral transition is critical for reproductive success in flowering plants. In long-day (LD) plant Arabidopsis, the floral regulator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a major component of the mobile florigen. FT expression is rhythmically activated by CONSTANS (CO), and specifically accumulated at dusk of LDs. However, the underlying mechanism of adequate regulation of FT transcription in response to day-length cues to warrant flowering time still remains to be investigated. Here, we identify a homolog of human protein arginine methyltransferases 6 (HsPRMT6) in Arabidopsis, and confirm AtPRMT6 physically interacts with three positive regulators of flowering Nuclear Factors YC3 (NF-YC3), NF-YC9, and NF-YB3. Further investigations find that AtPRMT6 and its encoding protein accumulate at dusk of LDs. PRMT6-mediated H3R2me2a modification enhances the promotion of NF-YCs on FT transcription in response to inductive LD signals. Moreover, AtPRMT6 and its homologues proteins AtPRMT4a and AtPRMT4b coordinately inhibit the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C, a suppressor of FT. Taken together, our study reveals the role of arginine methylation in photoperiodic pathway and how the PRMT6-mediating H3R2me2a system interacts with NF-CO module to dynamically control FT expression and facilitate flowering time. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00065-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xiulan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yuke Geng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
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17
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Zhang X, Ma L, Tang Y, Han J, Qi Y, Huang D. Low-dose cadmium exposure facilitates cell proliferation by promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 genes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2313-2321. [PMID: 34402589 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) at low concentrations has a potential to promote cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced proliferation are not well understood. Here, we reported that Cd (0-500 nM) significantly promoted the proliferation of HepG2 cells as demonstrated by elevated cell viability, more EdU-positive cells and increased gene expression of KI-67 and COX-2. Meanwhile, the gene expression of DNA methyltransferases was found to be elevated while that of tumor suppressor genes DAPK1 and RASSF1A were decreased under Cd exposure. Correspondingly, the methylation level of promoters in DAPK1 and RASSF1A were increased. Specifically, the CpG sites at -461 (Chr3:50, 374, 481) of RASSF1A promoter, and that at -260 (Chr9:90, 113, 207), -239 (Chr9:90, 113, 228), and -68 (Chr9:90, 113, 399) of DAPK1 promoter, were significantly hypermethylated. Moreover, 5-azacytidine (an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase) partly impaired Cd-induced promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 genes, increased their expressions and slowed down Cd-induced cell proliferation, suggesting that DNA methylation play an essential part in Cd-boosted proliferation. The study showed that Cd caused promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1, decreasing their expression and leading to higher level of cell proliferation. Furthermore, Cd at low concentrations could influence DNA methylation, which may serve as the proliferative mechanism of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Wildlife Management, Administration of Wildlife, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dejun Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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18
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Structure, Activity and Function of the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090951. [PMID: 34575100 PMCID: PMC8470942 DOI: 10.3390/life11090951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family methylate the arginine residue(s) of several proteins and regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I PRMT that asymmetrically dimethylates the arginine residues of numerous substrate proteins. PRMT6 introduces asymmetric dimethylation modification in the histone 3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2a) and facilitates epigenetic regulation of global gene expression. In addition to histones, PRMT6 methylates a wide range of cellular proteins and regulates their functions. Here, we discuss (i) the biochemical aspects of enzyme kinetics, (ii) the structural features of PRMT6 and (iii) the diverse functional outcomes of PRMT6 mediated arginine methylation. Finally, we highlight how dysregulation of PRMT6 is implicated in various types of cancers and response to viral infections.
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19
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Fulton MD, Cao M, Ho MC, Zhao X, Zheng YG. The macromolecular complexes of histones affect protein arginine methyltransferase activities. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101123. [PMID: 34492270 PMCID: PMC8511957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone arginine methylation is a key post-translational modification that mediates epigenetic events that activate or repress gene transcription. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are the driving force for the process of arginine methylation, and the core histone proteins have been shown to be substrates for most PRMT family members. However, previous reports of the enzymatic activities of PRMTs on histones in the context of nucleosomes seem contradictory. Moreover, what governs nucleosomal substrate recognition of different PRMT members is not understood. We sought to address this key biological question by examining how different macromolecular contexts where the core histones reside may regulate arginine methylation catalyzed by individual PRMT members (i.e., PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT4, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7, and PRMT8). Our results demonstrated that the substrate context exhibits a huge impact on the histone arginine methylation activity of PRMTs. Although all the tested PRMTs methylate multiple free histones individually, they show a preference for one particular histone substrate in the context of the histone octamer. We found that PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT5, PRMT6, PRMT7, and PRMT8 preferentially methylate histone H4, whereas PRMT4/coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 prefers histone H3. Importantly, neither reconstituted nor cell-extracted mononucleosomes could be methylated by any PRMTs tested. Structural analysis suggested that the electrostatic interaction may play a mechanistic role in priming the substrates for methylation by PRMT enzymes. Taken together, this work expands our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of PRMT substrate recognition and has important implications for understanding cellular dynamics and kinetics of histone arginine methylation in regulating gene transcription and other chromatin-templated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mengtong Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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20
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Hwang JW, Cho Y, Bae GU, Kim SN, Kim YK. Protein arginine methyltransferases: promising targets for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:788-808. [PMID: 34006904 PMCID: PMC8178397 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), is observed in a wide variety of cell types from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. With recent and rapid advancements in epigenetic research, the importance of protein methylation has been highlighted. The methylation of histone proteins that contributes to the epigenetic histone code is not only dynamic but is also finely controlled by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, which are essential for the transcriptional regulation of genes. In addition, many nonhistone proteins are methylated, and these modifications govern a variety of cellular functions, including RNA processing, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and the cell cycle. Recently, the importance of protein arginine methylation, especially in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair processes, has been noted. Since the dysregulation of protein arginine methylation is closely associated with cancer development, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have garnered significant interest as novel targets for anticancer drug development. Indeed, several PRMT inhibitors are in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PRMTs in cancer and the current development status of PRMT inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Hwang
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Cho
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
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21
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Schneider L, Herkt S, Wang L, Feld C, Wesely J, Kuvardina ON, Meyer A, Oellerich T, Häupl B, Seifried E, Bonig H, Lausen J. PRMT6 activates cyclin D1 expression in conjunction with the transcription factor LEF1. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 34001852 PMCID: PMC8129428 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of cell type specific gene expression by transcription factors and their epigenetic cofactors is central for cell fate decisions. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is an epigenetic regulator of gene expression mainly through methylating arginines at histone H3. This way it influences cellular differentiation and proliferation. PRMT6 lacks DNA-binding capability but is recruited by transcription factors to regulate gene expression. However, currently only a limited number of transcription factors have been identified, which facilitate recruitment of PRMT6 to key cell cycle related target genes. Here, we show that LEF1 contributes to the recruitment of PRMT6 to the central cell cycle regulator CCND1 (Cyclin D1). We identified LEF1 as an interaction partner of PRMT6. Knockdown of LEF1 or PRMT6 reduces CCND1 expression. This is in line with our observation that knockdown of PRMT6 increases the number of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle and decreases proliferation. These results improve the understanding of PRMT6 activity in cell cycle regulation. We expect that these insights will foster the rational development and usage of specific PRMT6 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schneider
- Goethe University, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herkt
- Goethe University, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Eukaryotic Genetics, Institute of Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christine Feld
- Department of Eukaryotic Genetics, Institute of Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Josephine Wesely
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Automated Systems and Genomics, The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, USA
| | - Olga N Kuvardina
- Goethe University, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annekarin Meyer
- Goethe University, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics/Translational Proteomics, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Björn Häupl
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics/Translational Proteomics, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Goethe University, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Goethe University, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joern Lausen
- Department of Eukaryotic Genetics, Institute of Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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22
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Li T, He X, Luo L, Zeng H, Ren S, Chen Y. F-Box Protein FBXW17-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of Protein Methyltransferase PRMT6 Exaggerates CSE-Induced Lung Epithelial Inflammation and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:599020. [PMID: 33959602 PMCID: PMC8095709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.599020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic debilitating lung disease, characterized by progressive airway inflammation and lung structural cell death. Cigarette smoke is considered the most common risk factor of COPD pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of persistent inflammation and epithelial apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke would be extremely beneficial for improving the treatment and prevention of COPD. A histone methyl modifier, protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), is reported to alleviate cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced emphysema through inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis. However, few studies have focused on the modulation of PRMT6 in regulating inflammation and cell apoptosis. In this study, we showed that protein expression of PRMT6 was aberrantly decreased in the lung tissue of COPD patients and CSE-treated epithelial cells. FBXW17, a member of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, selectively bound to PRMT6 in nuclei to modulate its elimination in the proteasome system. Proteasome inhibitor or silencing of FBXW17 abrogated CSE-induced PRMT6 protein degradation. Furthermore, negative alteration of FBXW17/PRMT6 signaling lessened the proapoptotic and proinflammatory effects of CSE in lung epithelial cells. Our study, therefore, provides a potential therapeutic target against the airway inflammation and cell death in CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siying Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Hamey JJ, Rakow S, Bouchard C, Senst JM, Kolb P, Bauer UM, Wilkins MR, Hart-Smith G. Systematic investigation of PRMT6 substrate recognition reveals broad specificity with a preference for an RG motif or basic and bulky residues. FEBS J 2021; 288:5668-5691. [PMID: 33764612 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) catalyses the asymmetric dimethylation of arginines on numerous substrate proteins within the human cell. In particular, PRMT6 methylates histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2) which affects both gene repression and activation. However, the substrate specificity of PRMT6 has not been comprehensively analysed. Here, we systematically characterise the substrate recognition motif of PRMT6, finding that it has broad specificity and recognises the RG motif. Working with a H3 tail peptide as a template, on which we made 204 amino acid substitutions, we use targeted mass spectrometry to measure their effect on PRMT6 in vitro activity. We first show that PRMT6 methylates R2 and R8 in the H3 peptide, although H3R8 is methylated with lower efficiency and is not an in vivo PRMT6 substrate. We then quantify the effect of 194 of these amino acid substitutions on methylation at both H3R2 and H3R8. In both cases, we find that PRMT6 tolerates essentially any amino acid substitution in the H3 peptide, but that positively charged and bulky residues are preferred near the target arginine. We show that PRMT6 also has preference for glycine, but only in the position immediately following the target arginine. This indicates that PRMT6 recognises the RG motif rather than the RGG motif. We further confirm this preference for the RG motif on another PRMT6 substrate, histone H4R3. This broad specificity and recognition of RG rather than RGG are distinctive among the PRMT family and has implications for the development of drugs to selectively target PRMT6. DATABASES: Panorama Public (https://panoramaweb.org/PRMT6motif.url); ProteomeXchange (PXD016711).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Hamey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sinja Rakow
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Senst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Huang T, Yang Y, Song X, Wan X, Wu B, Sastry N, Horbinski CM, Zeng C, Tiek D, Goenka A, Liu F, Brennan CW, Kessler JA, Stupp R, Nakano I, Sulman EP, Nishikawa R, James CD, Zhang W, Xu W, Hu B, Cheng SY. PRMT6 methylation of RCC1 regulates mitosis, tumorigenicity, and radiation response of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1276-1291.e9. [PMID: 33539787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM). Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 6 activity is required for the proliferation, stem-like properties, and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation in GBM critical for malignancy. We identified a casein kinase 2 (CK2)-PRMT6-regulator of chromatin condensation 1 (RCC1) signaling axis whose activity is an important contributor to the stem-like properties and tumor biology of GSCs. CK2 phosphorylates and stabilizes PRMT6 through deubiquitylation, which promotes PRMT6 methylation of RCC1, which in turn is required for RCC1 association with chromatin and activation of RAN. Disruption of this pathway results in defects in mitosis. EPZ020411, a specific small-molecule inhibitor for PRMT6, suppresses RCC1 arginine methylation and improves the cytotoxic activity of radiotherapy against GSC brain tumor xenografts. This study identifies a CK2α-PRMT6-RCC1 signaling axis that can be therapeutically targeted in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Huang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yongyong Yang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xuechao Wan
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bingli Wu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Namratha Sastry
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fabao Liu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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25
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Cheng D, Gao G, Di Lorenzo A, Jayne S, Hottiger MO, Richard S, Bedford MT. Genetic evidence for partial redundancy between the arginine methyltransferases CARM1 and PRMT6. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17060-17070. [PMID: 33008887 PMCID: PMC7863876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CARM1 is a protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) that acts as a coactivator in a number of transcriptional programs. CARM1 orchestrates this coactivator activity in part by depositing the H3R17me2a histone mark in the vicinity of gene promoters that it regulates. However, the gross levels of H3R17me2a in CARM1 KO mice did not significantly decrease, indicating that other PRMT(s) may compensate for this loss. We thus performed a screen of type I PRMTs, which revealed that PRMT6 can also deposit the H3R17me2a mark in vitro CARM1 knockout mice are perinatally lethal and display a reduced fetal size, whereas PRMT6 null mice are viable, which permits the generation of double knockouts. Embryos that are null for both CARM1 and PRMT6 are noticeably smaller than CARM1 null embryos, providing in vivo evidence of redundancy. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the double knockout embryos display an absence of the H3R17me2a mark during mitosis and increased signs of DNA damage. Moreover, using the combination of CARM1 and PRMT6 inhibitors suppresses the cell proliferation of WT MEFs, suggesting a synergistic effect between CARM1 and PRMT6 inhibitions. These studies provide direct evidence that PRMT6 also deposits the H3R17me2a mark and acts redundantly with CARM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guozhen Gao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandra Di Lorenzo
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Sandrine Jayne
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester Cancer Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, and Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA.
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26
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Cigarette smoke extract induces airway epithelial cell death via repressing PRMT6/AKT signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24301-24317. [PMID: 33260152 PMCID: PMC7762507 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severe public health threat world-wide. Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway epithelial cell death is a major pathway of pathogenesis in emphysema, a subtype of COPD. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I PRMT that catalyzes mono- and di-methylation on arginine residues within histone and non-histone proteins to modulate a variety of life processes, such as apoptosis. However, its role in CS-induced lung epithelial death has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that PRMT6 was decreased in mouse lung tissues from a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-mediated experimental emphysematous model and in CSE treated or cigarette smoke exposed lung epithelial cells. Depletion of PRMT6 increased the protein levels of phosphatase PTEN and PI3K regulatory subunit p85 but decreased a downstream kinase PDK1, resulting in AKT dephosphorylation and thereafter, lung epithelial cell death. Knockout of PRMT6 inhibited epithelial survival and promoted CSE-mediated epithelial cell death, while ectopic expression of PRMT6 protein partially reversed epithelial cell death via PI3K/AKT-mediated cell survival signaling in CSE cellular models. These findings demonstrate that PRMT6 plays a crucial role in CS-induced bronchial epithelial cell death that may be a potential therapeutic target against the airway cell death in CS-induced COPD.
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27
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Gong S, Maegawa S, Yang Y, Gopalakrishnan V, Zheng G, Cheng D. Licochalcone A is a Natural Selective Inhibitor of Arginine Methyltransferase 6. Biochem J 2020; 478:BCJ20200411. [PMID: 33245113 PMCID: PMC7850898 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that is implicated in multiple biological functions including transcriptional regulation. The expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) has been shown to be upregulated in various cancers. PRMTs have emerged as attractive targets for the development of new cancer therapies. Here, we describe the identification of a natural compound, licochalcone A, as a novel, reversible and selective inhibitor of PRMT6. Since expression of PRMT6 is upregulated in human breast cancers and is associated with oncogenesis, we used the human breast cancer cell line system to study the effect of licochalcone A treatment on PRMT6 activity, cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We demonstrated that licochalcone A is a non-S-adenosyl L-methionine (SAM) binding site competitive inhibitor of PRMT6. In MCF-7 cells, it inhibited PRMT6-dependent methylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2), which resulted in a significant repression of estrogen receptor activity. Licochalcone A exhibited cytotoxicity towards human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells, by upregulating p53 expression and blocking cell cycle progression at G2/M, followed by apoptosis. Thus, licochalcone A has potential for further development as a therapeutic agent against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Yanwen Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Donghang Cheng
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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28
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Tang J, Meng Q, Shi R, Xu Y. PRMT6 serves an oncogenic role in lung adenocarcinoma via regulating p18. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3161-3172. [PMID: 32945431 PMCID: PMC7453511 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a major subtype of lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Previous studies have determined the role of the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in the physiology and pathology of LUAD. However, to the best of our knowledge, no empirical studies have been performed determining the association between protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) and LUAD. The present study aimed to determine the expression levels of PRMT6 in LUAD and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics. The effect of PRMT6 knockdown on cell growth was analyzed and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of PRMT6 on downstream gene expression. In addition, a xenograft model was used to determine whether the PRMT6‑regulated expression levels of p18 in vitro could be validated in vivo. PRMT6 overexpression in LUAD is associated with high clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the silencing of PRMT6 significantly reduced the enrichment of Histone H3 asymmetric demethylation at arginine 2 in the promoter region of the p18 gene, thereby activating the expression of the gene. This, in turn, induced G1/S phase cell cycle arrest, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation. The xenograft model also suggested that PRMT6 suppressed LUAD development by activating p18 expression in vivo. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that PRMT6 may serve as an oncogene in the progression of LUAD through epigenetically suppressing p18 expression. Thus, PRMT6 may represent a novel potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, P.R. China
| | - Qinge Meng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, P.R. China
| | - Youqi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, P.R. China
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29
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Morettin A, Bourassa J, Mahadevan K, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Cote J. Using affinity purification coupled with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture quantitative mass spectrometry to identify novel interactors/substrates of protein arginine methyltransferases. Methods 2020; 175:44-52. [PMID: 31794835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase family (PRMT) is known as being the catalytic driving force for arginine methylation. This specific type of post translational modification is extensively used in biological processes, and therefore is highly relevant in the pathology of a profusion of diseases. Since altered PRMT expression or deregulation has been shown to contribute to a vast range of those diseases including cancer, their study is of great interest. Although an increasing number of substrates are being discovered for each PRMT, large scale proteomic methods can be used to identify novel interactors/substrates, further elucidating the role that PRMTs perform in physiological or disease states. Here, we describe the use of affinity purification (AP) coupled with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) to identify protein interactors and substrates of PRMTs. We also explore the possibility of exploiting the fact most PRMTs display lower dissociation rates with their hypomethylated substrates as a strategy to increase the proportion of substrates identified in AP/MS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Morettin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Bourassa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kohila Mahadevan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Cote
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Chan LH, Zhou L, Ng KY, Wong TL, Lee TK, Sharma R, Loong JH, Ching YP, Yuan YF, Xie D, Lo CM, Man K, Artegiani B, Clevers H, Yan HH, Leung SY, Richard S, Guan XY, Huen MSY, Ma S. PRMT6 Regulates RAS/RAF Binding and MEK/ERK-Mediated Cancer Stemness Activities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through CRAF Methylation. Cell Rep 2019; 25:690-701.e8. [PMID: 30332648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that plays pivotal roles in signal transduction and gene transcription during cell fate determination. We found protein methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) to be frequently downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its expression to negatively correlate with aggressive cancer features in HCC patients. Silencing of PRMT6 promoted the tumor-initiating, metastasis, and therapy resistance potential of HCC cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Consistently, loss of PRMT6 expression aggravated liver tumorigenesis in a chemical-induced HCC PRMT6 knockout (PRMT6-/-) mouse model. Integrated transcriptome and protein-protein interaction studies revealed an enrichment of genes implicated in RAS signaling and showed that PRMT6 interacted with CRAF on arginine 100, which decreased its RAS binding potential and altered its downstream MEK/ERK signaling. Our work describes a critical repressive function for PRMT6 in maintenance of HCC cells by regulating RAS binding and MEK/ERK signaling via methylation of CRAF on arginine 100.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/physiology
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- raf Kinases/genetics
- raf Kinases/metabolism
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Hei Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Yu Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence K Lee
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core Facility, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jane H Loong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yick Pang Ching
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Man
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benedetta Artegiani
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen H Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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31
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Bouchard C, Sahu P, Meixner M, Nötzold RR, Rust MB, Kremmer E, Feederle R, Hart-Smith G, Finkernagel F, Bartkuhn M, Savai Pullamsetti S, Nist A, Stiewe T, Philipsen S, Bauer UM. Genomic Location of PRMT6-Dependent H3R2 Methylation Is Linked to the Transcriptional Outcome of Associated Genes. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3339-3352. [PMID: 30232013 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) catalyzes asymmetric dimethylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2a). This mark has been reported to associate with silent genes. Here, we use a cell model of neural differentiation, which upon PRMT6 knockout exhibits proliferation and differentiation defects. Strikingly, we detect PRMT6-dependent H3R2me2a at active genes, both at promoter and enhancer sites. Loss of H3R2me2a from promoter sites leads to enhanced KMT2A binding and H3K4me3 deposition together with increased target gene transcription, supporting a repressive nature of H3R2me2a. At enhancers, H3R2me2a peaks co-localize with the active enhancer marks H3K4me1 and H3K27ac. Here, loss of H3R2me2a results in reduced KMT2D binding and H3K4me1/H3K27ac deposition together with decreased transcription of associated genes, indicating that H3R2me2a also exerts activation functions. Our work suggests that PRMT6 via H3R2me2a interferes with the deposition of adjacent histone marks and modulates the activity of important differentiation-associated genes by opposing transcriptional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peeyush Sahu
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marion Meixner
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - René Reiner Nötzold
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58-62, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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32
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Li ASM, Li F, Eram MS, Bolotokova A, Dela Seña CC, Vedadi M. Chemical probes for protein arginine methyltransferases. Methods 2019; 175:30-43. [PMID: 31809836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to specific arginine residues of their substrates using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor, contributing to regulation of many biological processes including transcription, and DNA damage repair. Dysregulation of PRMT expression is often associated with various diseases including cancers. Different methods have been used to characterize the activities of PRMTs and determine their kinetic parameters including mass spectrometry, radiometric, and antibody-based assays. Here, we present kinetic characterization of PRMTs using a radioactivity-based assay for better comparison along with previously reported values. We also report on full characterization of PRMT9 activity with SAP145 peptide as substrate. We further review the potent, selective and cell-active PRMT inhibitors discovered in recent years to provide a better understanding of available tools to investigate the roles these proteins play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shi Ming Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mohammad S Eram
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Albina Bolotokova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carlo C Dela Seña
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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33
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Okuno K, Akiyama Y, Shimada S, Nakagawa M, Tanioka T, Inokuchi M, Yamaoka S, Kojima K, Tanaka S. Asymmetric dimethylation at histone H3 arginine 2 by PRMT6 in gastric cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:15-26. [PMID: 30508037 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification plays important molecular roles in development and progression of cancers. Dysregulation of histone H3 arginine (R) methylation is still unknown in primary cancer, including gastric cancer (GC). Although PRMT6 contributes to asymmetric dimethylation at H3R2 (H3R2me2as) in cancer cells, its molecular functions are poorly understood in GC. In this study, we assessed H3R2me2as and PRMT6 expression levels in 133 primary GC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Increased H3R2me2as was found in 68 GC (51.1%) cases and independently related to poor prognosis. PRMT6 was overexpressed in 70 GC (52.6%) and strongly correlated with the global H3R2me2as levels (P < 0.001). By analyzing biological functions of PRMT6 in GC cell lines by lentivirus-based systems, PRMT6 overexpression enhanced global H3R2me2as and invasiveness in vitro, while PRMT6 knockout (PRMT6-KO) suppressed these effects and tumorigenicity in vivo. ChIP and microarray assays demonstrated that PRMT6-KO GC cells decreased the enrichments of H3R2me2as at the promoter regions of PCDH7, SCD and IGFBP5, resulting in upregulation of their gene expression. PRMT6 was recruited to the promoter regions of PCDH7 and SCD in the PRMT6-overexpressed cells. Knockdown of tumor suppressor PCDH7 in the PRMT6-KO GC cells elevated cell migration and invasion. PRMT6 expression inversely correlated with PCDH7 expression in primary GC (P = 0.021). Collectively, our findings strongly indicate that H3R2me2as is a strong prognostic indicator of GC patients, and PRMT6-overexpressing GC cells may acquire invasiveness through direct transcriptional inhibition of PCDH7 by increasing H3R2me2as level. Thus, inhibition of the PRMT6-H3R2me2as pathway could be a promising new therapeutic strategy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okuno
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Tanioka
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikito Inokuchi
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kojima
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Rakow S, Pullamsetti SS, Bauer UM, Bouchard C. Assaying epigenome functions of PRMTs and their substrates. Methods 2019; 175:53-65. [PMID: 31542509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the widespread and increasing number of identified post-translational modifications (PTMs), arginine methylation is catalyzed by the protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and regulates fundamental processes in cells, such as gene regulation, RNA processing, translation, and signal transduction. As epigenetic regulators, PRMTs play key roles in pluripotency, differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, which are essential biological programs leading to development, adult homeostasis but also pathological conditions including cancer. A full understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie PRMT-mediated gene regulation requires the genome wide mapping of each player, i.e., PRMTs, their substrates and epigenetic marks, methyl-marks readers as well as interaction partners, in a thorough and unambiguous manner. However, despite the tremendous advances in high throughput sequencing technologies and the numerous efforts from the scientific community, the epigenomic profiling of PRMTs as well as their histone and non-histone substrates still remains a big challenge owing to obvious limitations in tools and methodologies. This review will summarize the present knowledge about the genome wide mapping of PRMTs and their substrates as well as the technical approaches currently in use. The limitations and pitfalls of the technical tools along with conventional approaches will be then discussed in detail. Finally, potential new strategies for chromatin profiling of PRMTs and histone substrates will be proposed and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Rakow
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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35
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Optineurin downregulation induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:128. [PMID: 31428460 PMCID: PMC6689035 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows a high level of basal autophagy. Here we investigated the role of optineurin (OPTN) in PDAC cell lines, which is a prominent member of the autophagy system. To that purpose, mining of publically available databases showed that OPTN is highly expressed in PDAC and that high levels of expression are related to reduced survival. Therefore, the role of OPTN on proliferation, migration, and colony formation was investigated by transient knockdown in Miapaca, BXPC3, and Suit2-007 human PDAC cells. Furthermore, gene expression modulation in response to OPTN knockdown was assessed by microarray. The influence on cell cycle distribution and cell death signaling cascades was followed by FACS, assays for apoptosis, RT-PCR, and western blot. Finally, autophagy and ROS induction were screened by acridine orange and DCFH-DA fluorescent staining respectively. OPTN knockdown caused significant inhibition of colony formation, increased migration and no significant effect on proliferation in Miapaca, BXPC3 and Suit2-007 cells. The microarray showed modulation of 293 genes in Miapaca versus 302 in Suit2-007 cells, of which 52 genes overlapped. Activated common pathways included the ER stress response and chaperone-mediated autophagy, which was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis was activated as shown by increased levels of cleaved PARP, Annexin V binding and nuclear fragmentation. OPTN knockdown caused no increased vacuole formation as assessed by acridine orange. Also, there was only marginally increased ROS production. Combination of OPTN knockdown with the autophagy inducer erufosine or LY294002, an inhibitor of autophagy, showed additive effects, which led us to hypothesize that they address different pathways. In conclusion, OPTN knockdown was related to activation of ER stress response and chaperone-mediated autophagy, which tend to confine the damage caused by OPTN knockdown and thus question its value for PDAC therapy.
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36
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Tewary SK, Zheng YG, Ho MC. Protein arginine methyltransferases: insights into the enzyme structure and mechanism at the atomic level. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2917-2932. [PMID: 31123777 PMCID: PMC6741777 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methyl transfer to the arginine residues of protein substrates and are classified into three major types based on the final form of the methylated arginine. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between PRMT expression level and the prognosis of cancer patients. Currently, crystal structures of eight PRMT members have been determined. Kinetic and structural studies have shown that all PRMTs share similar, but unique catalytic and substrate recognition mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural similarities and differences of different PRMT members, focusing on their overall structure, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding pocket, substrate arginine recognition and catalytic mechanisms. Since PRMTs are valuable targets for drug discovery, we also rationally classify the known PRMT inhibitors into five classes and discuss their mechanisms of action at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y George Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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37
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Katsanovskaja K, Driver T, Pipkorn R, Edelson-Averbukh M. Negative Ion Mode Collision-Induced Dissociation for Analysis of Protein Arginine Methylation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1229-1241. [PMID: 30915654 PMCID: PMC6591203 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common protein post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a key role in eukaryotic cells. Three distinct types of this modification are found in mammals: asymmetric Nη1Nη1-dimethylarginine (aDMA), symmetric Nη1Nη2-dimethylarginine (sDMA), and an intermediate Nη1-monomethylarginine (MMA). Elucidation of regulatory mechanisms of arginine methylation in living organisms requires precise information on both the type of the modified residues and their location inside the protein amino acid sequences. Despite mass spectrometry (MS) being the method of choice for analysis of multiple protein PTMs, unambiguous characterization of protein arginine methylation may not be always straightforward. Indeed, frequent internal basic residues of Arg methylated tryptic peptides hamper their sequencing under positive ion mode collision-induced dissociation (CID), the standardly used tandem mass spectrometry method, while the relative stability of the aDMA and sDMA side chains under alternative non-ergodic electron-based fragmentation techniques, electron-capture and electron transfer dissociations (ECD and ETD), may impede differentiation between the isobaric residues. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the potential of the negative ion mode collision-induced dissociation MS for analysis of protein arginine methylation and present data revealing that the negative polarity approach can deliver both an unambiguous identification of the arginine methylation type and extensive information on the modified peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taran Driver
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rüdiger Pipkorn
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Centre, INF 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Edelson-Averbukh
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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38
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Wang SCM, Dowhan DH, Muscat GEO. Epigenetic arginine methylation in breast cancer: emerging therapeutic strategies. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R223-R237. [PMID: 30620710 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the complexity of breast carcinogenesis is associated with epigenetic modification. There are several major classes of epigenetic enzymes that regulate chromatin activity. This review will focus on the nine mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and the dysregulation of PRMT expression and function in breast cancer. This class of enzymes catalyse the mono- and (symmetric and asymmetric) di-methylation of arginine residues on histone and non-histone target proteins. PRMT signalling (and R methylation) drives cellular proliferation, cell invasion and metastasis, targeting (i) nuclear hormone receptor signalling, (ii) tumour suppressors, (iii) TGF-β and EMT signalling and (iv) alternative splicing and DNA/chromatin stability, influencing the clinical and survival outcomes in breast cancer. Emerging reports suggest that PRMTs are also implicated in the development of drug/endocrine resistance providing another prospective avenue for the treatment of hormone resistance and associated metastasis. The complexity of PRMT signalling is further underscored by the degree of alternative splicing and the scope of variant isoforms (with distinct properties) within each PRMT family member. The evolution of PRMT inhibitors, and the ongoing clinical trials of PRMT inhibitors against a subgroup of solid cancers, coupled to the track record of lysine methyltransferases inhibitors in phase I/II clinical trials against cancer underscores the potential therapeutic utility of targeting PRMT epigenetic enzymes to improve survival outcomes in aggressive and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching M Wang
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dennis H Dowhan
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Australia
| | - George E O Muscat
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Australia
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39
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PTEN arginine methylation by PRMT6 suppresses PI3K-AKT signaling and modulates pre-mRNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6868-6877. [PMID: 30886105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811028116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification that regulates critical cellular processes including signal transduction and pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we report that the tumor-suppressor PTEN is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). Mass-spectrometry analysis reveals that PTEN is dimethylated at arginine 159 (R159). We found that PTEN is mutated at R159 in cancers, and the PTEN mutant R159K loses its capability to inhibit the PI3K-AKT cascade. Furthermore, PRMT6 is physically associated with PTEN, promotes asymmetrical dimethylation of PTEN, and regulates the PI3K-AKT cascade through PTEN R159 methylation. In addition, using transcriptome analyses, we found that PTEN R159 methylation is involved in modulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Our results demonstrate that PTEN is functionally regulated by arginine methylation. We propose that PTEN arginine methylation modulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing and influences diverse physiologic processes.
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40
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Downregulation of PRMT1 promotes the senescence and migration of a non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1771. [PMID: 30741995 PMCID: PMC6370813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzing the formation of asymmetric dimethylarginines has been implicated in cancer development, metastasis, and prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of low PRMT1 levels on a non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell line. Stable PRMT1-knockdown (PRMT1-KD) cells showed reduced growth rates and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. They also exhibited senescent phenotypes and increased p53 expression. p21 and PAI-1, which are two p53 downstream targets critical for senescence, were significantly induced in SK-N-SH cells subjected to either PRMT1-KD or inhibitor treatment. The induction was suppressed by a p53 inhibitor and marginal in a p53-null SK-N-AS cell line, suggesting dependence on p53. In general, the DNA damage and ROS levels of the PRMT1-KD SK-N-SH cells were slightly increased. Their migration activity also increased with the induction of PAI-1. Thus, PRMT1 downregulation released the repression of cellular senescence and migration activity in SK-N-SH cells. These results might partially explain the poor prognostic outcome of low PRMT1 in a non-MYCN-amplified cohort and indicate the multifaceted complexity of PRMT1 as a biological regulator of neuroblastoma.
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The Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT6 Regulates DNA Methylation and Contributes to Global DNA Hypomethylation in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3390-3397. [PMID: 29262320 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays crucial roles in chromatin structure and gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, including global hypomethylation and regional hypermethylation, are associated with cancer and implicated in oncogenic events. How DNA methylation is regulated in developmental and cellular processes and dysregulated in cancer is poorly understood. Here, we show that PRMT6, a protein arginine methyltransferase responsible for asymmetric dimethylation of histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2me2a), negatively regulates DNA methylation and that PRMT6 upregulation contributes to global DNA hypomethylation in cancer. Mechanistically, PRMT6 overexpression impairs chromatin association of UHRF1, an accessory factor of DNMT1, resulting in passive DNA demethylation. The effect is likely due to elevated H3R2me2a, which inhibits the interaction between UHRF1 and histone H3. Our work identifies a mechanistic link between protein arginine methylation and DNA methylation, which is disrupted in cancer.
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de la Barca JMC, Boueilh T, Simard G, Boucret L, Ferré-L'Hotellier V, Tessier L, Gadras C, Bouet PE, Descamps P, Procaccio V, Reynier P, May-Panloup P. Targeted metabolomics reveals reduced levels of polyunsaturated choline plasmalogens and a smaller dimethylarginine/arginine ratio in the follicular fluid of patients with a diminished ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2269-2278. [PMID: 29040513 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the metabolomic profile of the follicular fluid (FF) of patients with a diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) differ from that of patients with a normal ovarian reserve (NOR)? SUMMARY ANSWER The metabolomic signature of the FF reveals a significant decrease in polyunsaturated choline plasmalogens and methyl arginine transferase activity in DOR patients compared to NOR patients. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The composition of the FF reflects the exchanges between the oocyte and its microenvironment during its acquisition of gametic competence. Studies of the FF have allowed identification of biomarkers and metabolic pathways involved in various pathologies affecting oocyte quality, but no large metabolomic analysis in the context of ovarian ageing and DOR has been undertaken so far. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was an observational study of the FF retrieved from 57 women undergoing in vitro fertilization at the University Hospital of Angers, France, from November 2015 to September 2016. The women were classified in two groups: one including 28 DOR patients, and the other including 29 NOR patients, serving as controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients were enrolled in the morning of oocyte retrieval after ovarian stimulation. Once the oocytes were isolated for fertilization and culture, the FF was pooled and centrifuged for analysis. A targeted quantitative metabolomic analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the Biocrates Absolute IDQ p180 kit. The FF levels of 188 metabolites and several sums and ratios of metabolic significance were assessed by multivariate and univariate analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 136 metabolites were accurately quantified and used for calculating 23 sums and ratios. Samples were randomly divided into training and validation sets. The training set, allowed the construction of multivariate statistical models with a projection-supervised method, i.e. orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), applied to the full set of metabolites, or the penalized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with logistic regression (LASSO-LR), applied to the ratios and sums of the metabolites. Both multivariate models showed good predictive performances when applied to the validation set. The final penalized model retained the three most significant variables, i.e. the total dimethylarginine-to-arginine ratio (Total DMA/Arginine), the sum of the polyunsaturated choline plasmalogens (PUFA ae), and the patient's age. The negative coefficients of Total DMA/Arginine and PUFA ae indicated that these FF variables had lower values in DOR patients than in NOR patients. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION This study presents two limitations. First, with this targeted metabolomics analysis, we have explored only a limited portion of the FF metabolome. Second, although the signature found was highly significant, the mechanism underlying the dysfunction remains undetermined. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The understanding of the mechanisms implied in ovarian ageing is essential for providing an adequate response to affected women desiring pregnancy. Our study proposes an incoming signature that may open new paths towards this goal. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the University Hospital of Angers, the University of Angers, and the French national research centers, INSERM and the CNRS. There were no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chao de la Barca
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - T Boueilh
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - G Simard
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,INSERM U1063, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - L Boucret
- Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - V Ferré-L'Hotellier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - L Tessier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - C Gadras
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - P E Bouet
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - P Descamps
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - V Procaccio
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - P Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - P May-Panloup
- Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
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Pan R, Yu H, Dai J, Zhou C, Ying X, Zhong J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wu B, Mao Y, Wu D, Ying J, Duan S. Significant association of PRMT6 hypomethylation with colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22590. [PMID: 29927001 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) was deemed to be indispensable in the variety of biological processes. Upregulated PRMT6 was found in various human diseases including cancer. Herein, we investigated the performance of PRMT6 methylation in the diagnosis for CRC. METHODS A quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) method was used to measure PRMT6 promoter methylation. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was applied to represent gene methylation level. RESULTS Our data indicated that PRMT6 promoter methylation levels were significantly lower in CRC tissues than those in paired nontumor tissues (median PMR: 36.93% vs 63.12%, P = 1E-6) and normal intestinal tissues (median PMR: 36.93% vs 506.55%, P = 8E-12). We further examined the potential role of PRMT6 hypomethylation by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Our results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.644 (95% CI = 0.596-0.733) between CRC tissues and paired nontumor tissues, 0.958 (95% CI = 0.919-0.998) between CRC tissues and normal intestinal tissues, and 0.899 (95% CI = 0.825-0.972) between paired nontumor tissues and normal intestinal tissues. CONCLUSION Our study firstly indicated that the hypomethylation of PRMT6 promoter could be a novel diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuru Ying
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boyi Wu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyi Mao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Raposo AE, Piller SC. Protein arginine methylation: an emerging regulator of the cell cycle. Cell Div 2018; 13:3. [PMID: 29568320 PMCID: PMC5859524 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification where a methyl group is added onto arginine residues of a protein to alter detection by its binding partners or regulate its activity. It is known to be involved in many biological processes, such as regulation of signal transduction, transcription, facilitation of protein–protein interactions, RNA splicing and transport. The enzymes responsible for arginine methylation, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to methylate or associate with important regulatory proteins of the cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathways, such as cyclin D1, p53, p21 and the retinoblastoma protein. Overexpression of PRMTs resulting in aberrant methylation patterns in cancers often correlates with poor recovery prognosis. This indicates that protein arginine methylation is also an important regulator of the cell cycle, and consequently a target for cancer regulation. The effect of protein arginine methylation on the cell cycle and how this emerging key player of cell cycle regulation may be used in therapeutic strategies for cancer are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita E Raposo
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Sabine C Piller
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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Expression profiling of chromatin-modifying enzymes and global DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic HIV infection at different HIV control and progression states. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:20. [PMID: 29449904 PMCID: PMC5812196 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into the host genome causes global disruption of the chromatin environment. The abundance level of various chromatin-modifying enzymes produces these alterations and affects both the provirus and cellular gene expression. Here, we investigated potential changes in enzyme expression and global DNA methylation in chronically infected individuals with HIV-1 and compared these changes with non-HIV infected individuals. We also evaluated the effect of viral replication and degree of disease progression over these changes. Results Individuals with HIV-1 had a significant surge in the expression of DNA and histone methyltransferases (DNMT3A and DNMT3B, SETDB1, SUV39H1) compared with non-infected individuals, with the exception of PRMT6, which was downregulated. Some histone deacetylases (HDAC2 and HDAC3) were also upregulated in patients with HIV. Among individuals with HIV-1 with various degrees of progression and HIV control, the group of treated patients with undetectable viremia showed greater differences with the other two groups (untreated HIV-1 controllers and non-controllers). These latter two groups exhibited a similar behavior between them. Of interest, the overexpression of genes that associate with viral protein Tat (such as SETDB1 along with DNMT3A and HDAC1, and SIRT-1) was more prevalent in treated patients. We also observed elevated levels of global DNA methylation in individuals with HIV-1 in an inverse correlation with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Conclusions The current study shows an increase in chromatin-modifying enzymes and remodelers and in global DNA methylation in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection, modulated by various levels of viral control and progression.
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Histone methyltransferase PRMT6 plays an oncogenic role of in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53018-53028. [PMID: 27323813 PMCID: PMC5288165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Until now the specific role of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) deregulated expression/activity in PCa is poorly understood. Herein we aimed to uncover the potential oncogenic role of PRMT6 in prostate carcinogenesis. PRMT6 overexpression was confirmed in PCa, at transcript and protein level. Stable PRMT6 knockdown in PC-3 cells attenuated malignant phenotype, increasing apoptosis and decreasing cell viability, migration and invasion. PRMT6 silencing was associated with decreased H3R2me2a levels and increased MLL and SMYD3 expression. PRMT6 silencing increased p21, p27 and CD44 and decreased MMP-9 expression and was associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation and increased AR signaling pathway. In Sh-PRMT6 cells, AR restored expression might re-sensitized cells to androgen deprivation therapy, impacting in clinical management of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). PRMT6 plays an oncogenic role in PCa and predicts for more clinically aggressive disease, constituting a potential target for patients with CRPC.
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The prognostic significance of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 expression in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:9010-9020. [PMID: 29507670 PMCID: PMC5823663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Recently, aberrant expression of protein arginine methyltransferases, which are responsible for the methylation reaction, has been reported in various types of cancer. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the prognostic value of abnormal PRMT6 expression in colorectal cancer or the effect of PRMT6 regulation on CRC cells. We investigated the expression patterns of PRMT6 in patients with stage II and III CRC. We detected nuclear expression of PRMT6 in 23.7% of carcinoma samples by immunohistochemistry. Among the clinicopathological parameters, the ratio of poorly differentiated cancer cells was approximately two-fold higher in patients with PRMT6-positive disease than in those with PRMT6-negative disease (p = 0.002). Patients with PRMT6-positive CRC had a shorter disease-free survival than those with PRMT6-negative CRC in both univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.018 and p = 0.035, respectively). siRNA-mediated inhibition of PRMT6 expression in CRC cells induced p21WAF1/CIP1 overexpression and suppressed cell growth and colony-forming ability. Concomitantly, apoptosis was induced in PRMT6-suppressed CRC cells. These data suggest that PRMT6 can serve as a biomarker for unfavorable prognosis and as a therapeutic target in CRC.
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Zhao X, Zhou D, Liu Y, Li C, Zhao X, Li Y, Li W. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits prostate cancer cell migration via the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:147-157. [PMID: 29115463 PMCID: PMC5780085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of malignant tumor of men worldwide and the incidence and mortality rate is gradually increasing. At present, the molecular mechanisms of growth and migration in human prostate cancer have not been completely elucidated. Studies have demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) can inhibit cancer. Therefore the present study investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of GLP on cell growth and migration of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. LNCaP cells were transfected with either a protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) overexpression plasmid or PRMT6 small interfering (si)RNA. The cell growth and migration, and the expression of PRMT6 signaling-associated proteins, were investigated following treatment with 5 and 20 µg/ml GLP. The results demonstrated that GLP inhibited cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest, decreased PRMT6, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and steroid receptor coactivator, (SRC) expression, and increased p21 expression in LNCaP cells, as determined by using a Coulter counter, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, GLP significantly inhibited cell migration, as determined by Transwell migration and scratch assays, and altered CDK2, FAK, SRC and p21 expression in LNCaP cells transfected with the PRMT6 overexpression plasmid. By contrast, PRMT6 knockdown by siRNA reduced the effect of GLP on cell migration. These results indicate that GLP was effective in inhibiting cell growth, the cell cycle and cell migration, and the suppressive effect of GLP on cell migration may occur via the PRMT6 signaling pathway. Therefore, it is suggested that GLP may act as a tumor suppressor with applications in the treatment of prostate cancer. The results of the present study provide both the preliminary theoretical and experimental basis for the investigation of GLP as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Dayu Zhou
- Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, The Center of Jinzhou Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Emergency Medicine Department, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Herkt SC, Kuvardina ON, Herglotz J, Schneider L, Meyer A, Pommerenke C, Salinas-Riester G, Seifried E, Bonig H, Lausen J. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 controls erythroid gene expression and differentiation of human CD34 + progenitor cells. Haematologica 2017; 103:18-29. [PMID: 29025910 PMCID: PMC5777187 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.174516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation is driven by transcription factors, which orchestrate a finely tuned transcriptional network. At bipotential branching points lineage decisions are made, where key transcription factors initiate cell type-specific gene expression programs. These programs are stabilized by the epigenetic activity of recruited chromatin-modifying cofactors. An example is the association of the transcription factor RUNX1 with protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) at the megakaryocytic/erythroid bifurcation. However, little is known about the specific influence of PRMT6 on this important branching point. Here, we show that PRMT6 inhibits erythroid gene expression during megakaryopoiesis of primary human CD34+ progenitor cells. PRMT6 is recruited to erythroid genes, such as glycophorin A. Consequently, a repressive histone modification pattern with high H3R2me2a and low H3K4me3 is established. Importantly, inhibition of PRMT6 by shRNA or small molecule inhibitors leads to upregulation of erythroid genes and promotes erythropoiesis. Our data reveal that PRMT6 plays a role in the control of erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation and open up the possibility that manipulation of PRMT6 activity could facilitate enhanced erythropoiesis for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie C Herkt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Olga N Kuvardina
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Julia Herglotz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Lucas Schneider
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Annekarin Meyer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | | | | | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main
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Yang JJ, Tao H, Liu LP, Hu W, Deng ZY, Li J. miR-200a controls hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis via SIRT1/Notch1 signal pathway. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:341-352. [PMID: 28025657 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES miR-200a has been established as a key regulator of HSC activation processes in liver fibrosis. Epigenetic silencing of miR-200a contributing to SIRT1 over-expression has been discussed in breast cancer; however, whether miR-200a controls SIRT1 gene expression in hepatic fibrosis is still unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed miR-200a regulation of SIRT1 expression in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β1-mediated activation of HSC. miR-200a, SIRT1, α-SMA, Col1A1, Notch1 and NICD expression were estimated by Western blotting, qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry. HSCs were transfected with miR-200a mimic, miR-200a inhibitor and SIRT1-RNAi. Luciferase reporter assays further confirmed the interaction between miR-200a and the SIRT1 mRNA 3'-UTR. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by MTT and cell cycle. RESULTS We found that treatment activated HSC with miR-200a mimics, restored miR-200a expression and reduced SIRT1 levels. Conversely, treatment activated HSC with miR-200a inhibitors, decreased miR-200a expression and up-regulated SIRT1 levels. Restoration of miR-200a or the knockdown of SIRT1 prevented HSC activation and proliferation. We have established the SIRT1 transcript as subject to regulation by miR-200a, through miR-200a targeting of SIRT1 3'-UTR. Finally, HSC transfected with SIRT1-siRNA increased the levels of Notch1 protein and mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that miR-200a regulates SIRT1/Notch1 expression during HSC activation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zi-Yu Deng
- Department of Scientific, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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