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Bélanger F, Roussel C, Sawchyn C, St-Hilaire E, Gezzar-Dandashi S, Kimenyi Ishimwe AB, Mallette FA, Wurtele H, Drobetsky E. A genome-wide screen reveals that Dyrk1A kinase promotes nucleotide excision repair by preventing aberrant overexpression of cyclin D1 and p21. J Biol Chem 2023:104900. [PMID: 37301510 PMCID: PMC10339196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) eliminates highly-genotoxic solar UV-induced DNA photoproducts that otherwise stimulate malignant melanoma development. Here, a genome-wide loss-of-function screen, coupling CRISPR/Cas9 technology with a flow cytometry-based DNA repair assay, was used to identify novel genes required for efficient NER in primary human fibroblasts. Interestingly, the screen revealed multiple genes encoding proteins, with no previously known involvement in UV damage repair, that significantly modulate NER uniquely during S phase of the cell cycle. Among these, we further characterized Dyrk1A, a dual specificity kinase that phosphorylates the proto-oncoprotein cyclin D1 on threonine 286 (T286), thereby stimulating its timely cytoplasmic relocalization and proteasomal degradation which is required for proper regulation of the G1-S phase transition and control of cellular proliferation. We demonstrate that in UV-irradiated HeLa cells, depletion of Dyrk1A leading to overexpression of cyclin D1 causes inhibition of NER uniquely during S phase and reduced cell survival. Consistently, expression/nuclear accumulation of nonphosphorylatable cyclin D1 (T286A) in melanoma cells strongly interferes with S phase NER and enhances cytotoxicity post-UV. Moreover, the negative impact of cyclin D1 (T286A) overexpression on repair is independent of cyclin-dependent kinase activity but requires cyclin D1-dependent upregulation of p21 expression. Our data indicate that inhibition of NER during S phase might represent a previously unappreciated non-canonical mechanism by which oncogenic cyclin D1 fosters melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Cassandra Roussel
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Christina Sawchyn
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Edlie St-Hilaire
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Sari Gezzar-Dandashi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Aimé Boris Kimenyi Ishimwe
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Frédérick Antoine Mallette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4; Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
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2
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Lemay JF, St-Hilaire E, Ronato DA, Gao Y, Bélanger F, Gezzar-Dandashi S, Kimenyi Ishimwe AB, Sawchyn C, Lévesque D, McQuaid M, Boisvert FM, Mallette FA, Masson JY, Drobetsky EA, Wurtele H. A genome-wide screen identifies SCAI as a modulator of the UV-induced replicative stress response. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001543. [PMID: 36215310 PMCID: PMC9584372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helix-destabilizing DNA lesions induced by environmental mutagens such as UV light cause genomic instability by strongly blocking the progression of DNA replication forks (RFs). At blocked RF, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) accumulates and is rapidly bound by Replication Protein A (RPA) complexes. Such stretches of RPA-ssDNA constitute platforms for recruitment/activation of critical factors that promote DNA synthesis restart. However, during periods of severe replicative stress, RPA availability may become limiting due to inordinate sequestration of this multifunctional complex on ssDNA, thereby negatively impacting multiple vital RPA-dependent processes. Here, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify factors that restrict the accumulation of RPA-ssDNA during UV-induced replicative stress. While this approach revealed some expected "hits" acting in pathways such as nucleotide excision repair, translesion DNA synthesis, and the intra-S phase checkpoint, it also identified SCAI, whose role in the replicative stress response was previously unappreciated. Upon UV exposure, SCAI knock-down caused elevated accumulation of RPA-ssDNA during S phase, accompanied by reduced cell survival and compromised RF progression. These effects were independent of the previously reported role of SCAI in 53BP1-dependent DNA double-strand break repair. We also found that SCAI is recruited to UV-damaged chromatin and that its depletion promotes nascent DNA degradation at stalled RF. Finally, we (i) provide evidence that EXO1 is the major nuclease underlying ssDNA formation and DNA replication defects in SCAI knockout cells and, consistent with this, (ii) demonstrate that SCAI inhibits EXO1 activity on a ssDNA gap in vitro. Taken together, our data establish SCAI as a novel regulator of the UV-induced replicative stress response in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemay
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edlie St-Hilaire
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daryl A. Ronato
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Division; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuandi Gao
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Division; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Bélanger
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sari Gezzar-Dandashi
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aimé Boris Kimenyi Ishimwe
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christina Sawchyn
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Lévesque
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mary McQuaid
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frédérick A. Mallette
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Division; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Elliot A. Drobetsky
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (EAD); (HW)
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Centre de recherche, de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (EAD); (HW)
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Kim SH, Kim GH, Kemp MG, Choi JH. TREX1 degrades the 3' end of the small DNA oligonucleotide products of nucleotide excision repair in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3974-3984. [PMID: 35357486 PMCID: PMC9023299 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery removes UV photoproducts from DNA in the form of small, excised damage-containing DNA oligonucleotides (sedDNAs) ∼30 nt in length. How cells process and degrade these byproducts of DNA repair is not known. Using a small scale RNA interference screen in UV-irradiated human cells, we identified TREX1 as a major regulator of sedDNA abundance. Knockdown of TREX1 increased the level of sedDNAs containing the two major UV photoproducts and their association with the NER proteins TFIIH and RPA. Overexpression of wild-type but not nuclease-inactive TREX1 significantly diminished sedDNA levels, and studies with purified recombinant TREX1 showed that the enzyme efficiently degrades DNA located 3′ of the UV photoproduct in the sedDNA. Knockdown or overexpression of TREX1 did not impact the overall rate of UV photoproduct removal from genomic DNA or cell survival, which indicates that TREX1 function in sedDNA degradation does not impact NER efficiency. Taken together, these results indicate a previously unknown role for TREX1 in promoting the degradation of the sedDNA products of the repair reaction. Because TREX1 mutations and inefficient DNA degradation impact inflammatory and immune signaling pathways, the regulation of sedDNA degradation by TREX1 may contribute to photosensitive skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Kim
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hoe Kim
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.,Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
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4
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REV1 promotes lung tumorigenesis by activating the Rad18/SERTAD2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:110. [PMID: 35115490 PMCID: PMC8814179 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
REV1 is the central member of the family of TLS polymerases, which participate in various DNA damage repair and tolerance pathways and play a significant role in maintaining genomic stability. However, the role of REV1 in tumors is rarely reported. In this study, we found that the expression of REV1 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that REV1 silencing decreased the growth and proliferation capacity of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, REV1 upregulated the expression of SERTAD2 in a Rad18-dependent manner, thereby promoting lung carcinogenesis. A novel REV1 inhibitor, JH-RE-06, suppressed lung tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro and was shown to be safe and well tolerated. Our study confirmed that REV1 is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for lung cancer and that JH-RE-06 may be a safe and efficient therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
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Kumar N, Moreno NC, Feltes BC, Menck CF, Houten BV. Cooperation and interplay between base and nucleotide excision repair pathways: From DNA lesions to proteins. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190104. [PMID: 32141475 PMCID: PMC7198027 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Base and nucleotide excision repair (BER and NER) pathways are normally associated with removal of specific types of DNA damage: small base modifications (such as those induced by DNA oxidation) and bulky DNA lesions (such as those induced by ultraviolet or chemical carcinogens), respectively. However, growing evidence indicates that this scenario is much more complex and these pathways exchange proteins and cooperate with each other in the repair of specific lesions. In this review, we highlight studies discussing the involvement of NER in the repair of DNA damage induced by oxidative stress, and BER participating in the removal of bulky adducts on DNA. Adding to this complexity, UVA light experiments revealed that oxidative stress also causes protein oxidation, directly affecting proteins involved in both NER and BER. This reduces the cell’s ability to repair DNA damage with deleterious implications to the cells, such as mutagenesis and cell death, and to the organisms, such as cancer and aging. Finally, an interactome of NER and BER proteins is presented, showing the strong connection between these pathways, indicating that further investigation may reveal new functions shared by them, and their cooperation in maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kumar
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natália C Moreno
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Feltes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Informática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fm Menck
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Pilzecker B, Buoninfante OA, Jacobs H. DNA damage tolerance in stem cells, ageing, mutagenesis, disease and cancer therapy. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7163-7181. [PMID: 31251805 PMCID: PMC6698745 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response network guards the stability of the genome from a plethora of exogenous and endogenous insults. An essential feature of the DNA damage response network is its capacity to tolerate DNA damage and structural impediments during DNA synthesis. This capacity, referred to as DNA damage tolerance (DDT), contributes to replication fork progression and stability in the presence of blocking structures or DNA lesions. Defective DDT can lead to a prolonged fork arrest and eventually cumulate in a fork collapse that involves the formation of DNA double strand breaks. Four principal modes of DDT have been distinguished: translesion synthesis, fork reversal, template switching and repriming. All DDT modes warrant continuation of replication through bypassing the fork stalling impediment or repriming downstream of the impediment in combination with filling of the single-stranded DNA gaps. In this way, DDT prevents secondary DNA damage and critically contributes to genome stability and cellular fitness. DDT plays a key role in mutagenesis, stem cell maintenance, ageing and the prevention of cancer. This review provides an overview of the role of DDT in these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Pilzecker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olimpia Alessandra Buoninfante
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Regan S, Yang X, Finnberg NK, El-Deiry WS, Pu JJ. Occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia in hydroxyurea-treated sickle cell disease patient. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1389-1397. [PMID: 31423878 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1647055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) has been widely used in sickle cell disease. Its potential long-term risk for carcinogenesis or leukemogenic risk remains undefined. Here, we report a 26 y old African-American female with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) who developed refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 6 months after 26 months of HU use. That patient's cytogenetics and molecular genetics analyses demonstrated a complex mutation profile with 5q deletion, trisomy 8, and P53 deletion (deletion of 17p13.1). P53 gene sequence studies revealed a multitude of somatic mutations that most suggest a treatment-related etiology. The above-mentioned data indicates that the patient may have developed acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) as a direct result of HU exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Regan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Jeffrey J Pu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA.,Syracuse VA Medical Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York , USA
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8
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Moreno NC, Garcia CCM, Munford V, Rocha CRR, Pelegrini AL, Corradi C, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. The key role of UVA-light induced oxidative stress in human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:432-442. [PMID: 30553972 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The UVA component of sunlight induces DNA damage, which are basically responsible for skin cancer formation. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant (XP-V) patients are defective in the DNA polymerase pol eta that promotes translesion synthesis after sunlight-induced DNA damage, implying in a clinical phenotype of increased frequency of skin cancer. However, the role of UVA-light in the carcinogenesis of these patients is not completely understood. The goal of this work was to characterize UVA-induced DNA damage and the consequences to XP-V cells, compared to complemented cells. DNA damage were induced in both cells by UVA, but lesion removal was particularly affected in XP-V cells, possibly due to the oxidation of DNA repair proteins, as indicated by the increase of carbonylated proteins. Moreover, UVA irradiation promoted replication fork stalling and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase for XP-V cells. Interestingly, when cells were treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, all these deleterious effects were consistently reverted, revealing the role of oxidative stress in these processes. Together, these results strongly indicate the crucial role of oxidative stress in UVA-induced cytotoxicity and are of interest for the protection of XP-V patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Luiza Pelegrini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Corradi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR8200 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Mullenders LHF. Solar UV damage to cellular DNA: from mechanisms to biological effects. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1842-1852. [PMID: 30065996 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation generates bulky photodimers at di-pyrimidine sites that pose stress to cells and organisms by hindering DNA replication and transcription. In addition, solar UV also induces various types of oxidative DNA lesions and single strand DNA breaks. Relieving toxicity and maintenance of genomic integrity are of clinical importance in relation to erythema/edema and diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and premature ageing, respectively. Following solar UV radiation, a network of DNA damage response mechanisms triggers a signal transduction cascade to regulate various genome-protection pathways including DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, apoptosis, transcription and chromatin remodeling. The effects of UVC and UVB radiation on cellular DNA are predominantly accounted for by the formation of photodimers at di-pyrimidine sites. These photodimers are mutagenic: UVC, UVB and also UVA radiation induce a broadly similar pattern of transition mutations at di-pyrimidine sites. The mutagenic potency of solar UV is counteracted by efficient repair of photodimers involving global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER); the latter is a specialized repair pathway to remove transcription-blocking photodimers and restore UV-inhibited transcription. On the molecular level these processes are facilitated and regulated by various post-translational modifications of NER factors and the chromatin substrate. Inherited defects in NER are manifested in different diseases including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), UV sensitive syndrome (UVsS) and the photosensitive form of trichothiodystrophy (TTD). XP patients are prone to sunlight-induced skin cancer. UVB irradiated XP and CS knockout mouse models unveiled that only TC-NER counteracts erythema/edema, whereas both GG-NER and TC-NER protect against UVB-induced cancer. Additionally, UVA radiation induces mutations characterized by oxidation-linked signature at non-di-pyrimidine sites. The biological relevance of oxidation damage is demonstrated by the cancer susceptibility of UVB-irradiated mice deficient in repair of oxidation damage, i.e., 8-oxoguanine.
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10
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Replication Protein A Availability during DNA Replication Stress Is a Major Determinant of Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5561-5573. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Khan AQ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:438-460. [PMID: 29466611 PMCID: PMC6031472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of melanoma is a serious public health issue that merits a thorough understanding of potential causative risk factors, which includes exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Though UVR has been classified as a complete carcinogen and has long been recognized for its ability to damage genomic DNA through both direct and indirect means, the precise mechanisms by which the UVA and UVB components of UVR contribute to the pathogenesis of melanoma have not been clearly defined. In this review, we therefore highlight recent studies that have addressed roles for UVA radiation in the generation of DNA damage and in modulating the subsequent cellular responses to DNA damage in melanocytes, which are the cell type that gives rise to melanoma. Recent research suggests that UVA not only contributes to the direct formation of DNA lesions but also impairs the removal of UV photoproducts from genomic DNA through oxidation and damage to DNA repair proteins. Moreover, the melanocyte microenvironment within the epidermis of the skin is also expected to impact melanomagenesis, and we therefore discuss several paracrine signaling pathways that have been shown to impact the DNA damage response in UV-irradiated melanocytes. Lastly, we examine how alterations to the immune microenvironment by UVA-associated DNA damage responses may contribute to melanoma development. Thus, there appear to be multiple avenues by which UVA may elevate the risk of melanoma. Protective strategies against excess exposure to UVA wavelengths of light therefore have the potential to decrease the incidence of melanoma. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:438-460, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Q Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
- Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
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12
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Impact of Age and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on DNA Damage Responses in UV-Irradiated Human Skin. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030356. [PMID: 28245638 PMCID: PMC5432641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) necessitates a thorough understanding of its primary risk factors, which include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight and age. Whereas UV radiation (UVR) has long been known to generate photoproducts in genomic DNA that promote genetic mutations that drive skin carcinogenesis, the mechanism by which age contributes to disease pathogenesis is less understood and has not been sufficiently studied. In this review, we highlight studies that have considered age as a variable in examining DNA damage responses in UV-irradiated skin and then discuss emerging evidence that the reduced production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by senescent fibroblasts in the dermis of geriatric skin creates an environment that negatively impacts how epidermal keratinocytes respond to UVR-induced DNA damage. In particular, recent data suggest that two principle components of the cellular response to DNA damage, including nucleotide excision repair and DNA damage checkpoint signaling, are both partially defective in keratinocytes with inactive IGF-1 receptors. Overcoming these tumor-promoting conditions in aged skin may therefore provide a way to lower aging-associated skin cancer risk, and thus we will consider how dermal wounding and related clinical interventions may work to rejuvenate the skin, re-activate IGF-1 signaling, and prevent the initiation of NMSC.
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Kemp MG, Spandau DF, Simman R, Travers JB. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Optimal ATR-CHK1 Kinase Signaling in Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated Human Keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1231-1239. [PMID: 27979966 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.765883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UVB wavelengths of light induce the formation of photoproducts in DNA that are potentially mutagenic if not properly removed by the nucleotide excision repair machinery. As an additional mechanism to minimize the risk of mutagenesis, UVB-irradiated cells also activate a checkpoint signaling cascade mediated by the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) kinases to transiently suppress DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Given that keratinocytes in geriatric skin display reduced activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and alterations in DNA repair rate, apoptosis, and senescence following UVB exposure, here we used cultured human keratinocytes in vitro and skin explants ex vivo to examine how IGF-1R activation status affects ATR-CHK1 kinase signaling and the inhibition of DNA replication following UVB irradiation. We find that disruption of IGF-1R signaling with small-molecule inhibitors or IGF-1 withdrawal partially abrogates both the phosphorylation and activation of CHK1 by ATR and the accompanying inhibition of chromosomal DNA synthesis in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. A critical protein factor that mediates both ATR-CHK1 signaling and nucleotide excision repair is replication protein A, and we find that its accumulation on UVB-damaged chromatin is partially attenuated in cells with an inactive IGF-1R. These results indicate that mutagenesis and skin carcinogenesis in IGF-1-deficient geriatric skin may be caused by defects in multiple cellular responses to UVB-induced DNA damage, including through a failure to properly suppress DNA synthesis on UVB-damaged DNA templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Kemp
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435,
| | - Dan F Spandau
- the Departments of Dermatology and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Richard Simman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435.,the Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio 45428
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Tièche CC, Peng RW, Dorn P, Froment L, Schmid RA, Marti TM. Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment augments persistence of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and eliminates resistant lung cancer stem-like cells associated with EMT. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:125. [PMID: 26895954 PMCID: PMC4759918 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85 % of all lung cancers, with the current standard regimen of care for NSCLC including chemotherapy with pemetrexed as a single agent or in combination with platinum-based agents, e.g. cisplatin. Pemetrexed is a folic acid antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of precursor nucleotides, whereas cisplatin directly induces DNA adducts, the repair of which is dependent on sufficiently high nucleotide levels. In the clinical setting, the pemetrexed-cisplatin combination therapy is administered concomitantly. We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. Methods NSCLC A549 and H460 cells were treated with pemetrexed for 72 h. In addition, 24 h of cisplatin treatment was initiated at day 1, 2 or 3 resulting in either simultaneous pemetrexed application or pemetrexed pretreatment for 24 or 48 h, respectively. Cell growth and colony formation as well as senescence induction were quantified after treatment. Cell cycle distribution and phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX as a surrogate marker for DNA damage was quantified by flow cytometry. Relative changes in gene expression were determined by quantitative real time PCR. Results Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 48 h prior to cisplatin treatment maximally delayed long-term cell growth and significantly reduced the number of recovering clones. Moreover, apoptosis and senescence were augmented and recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was delayed. Interestingly, a cell population was identified that displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and which had a stem cell phenotype. This population was highly resistant to concomitant pemetrexed-cisplatin treatment but was sensitized by pemetrexed pretreatment. Conclusions Adaptation of the standard treatment schedule to include pretreatment with pemetrexed optimizes the anticancer efficiency of pemetrexed-cisplatin combination therapy, which correlates with a persistence of treatment-induced DNA damage. Therefore, this study warrants further investigations to elucidate whether such an adaptation could enhance the effectiveness of the standard clinical treatment regimen. In addition, a subpopulation of therapy resistant cells with EMT and cancer stem cell features was identified that was resistant to the standard treatment regimen but sensitive to pemetrexed pretreatment combined with cisplatin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2117-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Charles Tièche
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Laurène Froment
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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Bélanger F, Angers JP, Fortier É, Hammond-Martel I, Costantino S, Drobetsky E, Wurtele H. Mutations in Replicative Stress Response Pathways Are Associated with S Phase-specific Defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:522-37. [PMID: 26578521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.685883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a highly conserved pathway that removes helix-distorting DNA lesions induced by a plethora of mutagens, including UV light. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that human cells deficient in either ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase or translesion DNA polymerase η (i.e. key proteins that promote the completion of DNA replication in response to UV-induced replicative stress) are characterized by profound inhibition of NER exclusively during S phase. Toward elucidating the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon, we developed a novel assay to quantify NER kinetics as a function of cell cycle in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this assay, we demonstrate that in yeast, deficiency of the ATR homologue Mec1 or of any among several other proteins involved in the cellular response to replicative stress significantly abrogates NER uniquely during S phase. Moreover, initiation of DNA replication is required for manifestation of this defect, and S phase NER proficiency is correlated with the capacity of individual mutants to respond to replicative stress. Importantly, we demonstrate that partial depletion of Rfa1 recapitulates defective S phase-specific NER in wild type yeast; moreover, ectopic RPA1-3 overexpression rescues such deficiency in either ATR- or polymerase η-deficient human cells. Our results strongly suggest that reduction of NER capacity during periods of enhanced replicative stress, ostensibly caused by inordinate sequestration of RPA at stalled DNA replication forks, represents a conserved feature of the multifaceted eukaryotic DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bélanger
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and
| | - Jean-Philippe Angers
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and the Programme de Biologie Moléculaire
| | - Émile Fortier
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and
| | - Ian Hammond-Martel
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and
| | - Santiago Costantino
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and Département d'ophtalmologie, and
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- From the Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada and Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Guven M, Brem R, Macpherson P, Peacock M, Karran P. Oxidative Damage to RPA Limits the Nucleotide Excision Repair Capacity of Human Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2834-2841. [PMID: 26134950 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protects against sunlight-induced skin cancer. Defective NER is associated with photosensitivity and a high skin cancer incidence. Some clinical treatments that cause photosensitivity can also increase skin cancer risk. Among these, the immunosuppressant azathioprine and the fluoroquinolone antibiotics ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin interact with UVA radiation to generate reactive oxygen species that diminish NER capacity by causing protein damage. The replication protein A (RPA) DNA-binding protein has a pivotal role in DNA metabolism and is an essential component of NER. The relationship between protein oxidation and NER inhibition was investigated in cultured human cells expressing different levels of RPA. We show here that RPA is limiting for NER and that oxidative damage to RPA compromises NER capability. Our findings reveal that cellular RPA is surprisingly vulnerable to oxidation, and we identify oxidized forms of RPA that are associated with impaired NER. The vulnerability of NER to inhibition by oxidation provides a connection between cutaneous photosensitivity, protein damage, and increased skin cancer risk. Our findings emphasize that damage to DNA repair proteins, as well as to DNA itself, is likely to be an important contributor to skin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Guven
- Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Reto Brem
- Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Peter Macpherson
- Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Matthew Peacock
- Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Peter Karran
- Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratory, South Mimms, Herts, UK.
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Jansen JG, Tsaalbi-Shtylik A, de Wind N. Roles of mutagenic translesion synthesis in mammalian genome stability, health and disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 29:56-64. [PMID: 25655219 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most spontaneous and DNA damage-induced nucleotide substitutions in eukaryotes depend on translesion synthesis polymerases Rev1 and Pol ζ, the latter consisting of the catalytic subunit Rev3 and the accessory protein Rev7. Here we review the regulation, and the biochemical and cellular functions, of Rev1/Pol ζ-dependent translesion synthesis. These are correlated with phenotypes of mouse models with defects in Rev1, Rev3 or Rev7. The data indicate that Rev1/Pol ζ-mediated translesion synthesis is important for adaptive immunity while playing paradoxical roles in oncogenesis. On the other hand, by enabling the replication of endogenously damaged templates, Rev1/Pol ζ -dependent translesion synthesis protects stem cells, thereby preventing features of ageing. In conclusion, Rev1/Pol ζ-dependent translesion synthesis at DNA helix-distorting nucleotide lesions orchestrates pleiotropic responses that determine organismal fitness and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Tsaalbi-Shtylik
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Deng SK, Chen H, Symington LS. Replication protein A prevents promiscuous annealing between short sequence homologies: Implications for genome integrity. Bioessays 2014; 37:305-13. [PMID: 25400143 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA) is the main eukaryotic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, having essential roles in all DNA metabolic reactions involving ssDNA. RPA binds ssDNA with high affinity, thereby preventing the formation of secondary structures and protecting ssDNA from the action of nucleases, and directly interacts with other DNA processing proteins. Here, we discuss recent results supporting the idea that one function of RPA is to prevent annealing between short repeats that can lead to chromosome rearrangements by microhomology-mediated end joining or the formation of hairpin structures that are substrates for structure-selective nucleases. We suggest that replication fork catastrophe caused by depletion of RPA could result from cleavage of secondary structures by nucleases, and that failure to cleave hairpin structures formed at DNA ends could lead to gene amplification. These studies highlight the important role RPA plays in maintaining genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a key component of the DNA damage response (DDR) and it is essential to safeguard genome integrity against genotoxic insults. The regulation of NER is primarily mediated by protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). The NER machinery removes a wide spectrum of DNA helix distorting lesions, including those induced by solar radiation, through two sub-pathways: global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) and transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). Severe clinical consequences associated with inherited NER defects, including premature ageing, neurodegeneration and extreme cancer-susceptibility, underscore the biological relevance of NER. In the last two decades most of the core NER machinery has been elaborately described, shifting attention to molecular mechanisms that either facilitate NER in the context of chromatin or promote the timely and accurate interplay between NER factors and various post-translational modifications. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest findings in NER. In particular, we focus on emerging factors and novel molecular mechanisms by which NER is regulated.
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