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Laughery MF, Wilson HE, Sewell A, Stevison S, Wyrick JJ. The Surprising Diversity of UV-Induced Mutations. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:2300205. [PMID: 38884048 PMCID: PMC11170076 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is the most pervasive environmental mutagen and the primary cause of skin cancer. Genome sequencing of melanomas and other skin cancers has revealed that the vast majority of somatic mutations in these tumors are cytosine-to-thymine (C>T) substitutions in dipyrimidine sequences, which, together with tandem CC>TT substitutions, comprise the canonical UV mutation "signature". These mutation classes are caused by DNA damage directly induced by UV absorption, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) or 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP), which form between neighboring pyrimidine bases. However, many of the key driver mutations in melanoma do not fit this mutation signature, but instead are caused by T>A, T>C, C>A, or AC>TT substitutions, frequently occurring in non-dipyrimidine sequence contexts. This article describes recent studies indicating that UV light causes a more diverse spectrum of mutations than previously appreciated, including many of the mutation classes observed in melanoma driver mutations. Potential mechanisms for these diverse mutation signatures are discussed, including UV-induced pyrimidine-purine photoproducts and indirect DNA damage induced by UVA light. Finally, the article reviews recent findings indicating that human DNA polymerase eta normally suppresses these non-canonical UV mutation classes, which can potentially explain why canonical C>T substitutions predominate in human skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian F Laughery
- School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Hannah E Wilson
- School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Allysa Sewell
- School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Scott Stevison
- School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - John J Wyrick
- School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
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2
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Fatima N, Yaqoob S, Rana S, Hameed A, Mirza MR, Jabeen A. In vitro photoprotective potential of aryl-sandwiched (thio)semicarbazones against UVA mediated cellular and DNA damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 251:112841. [PMID: 38194816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent solar ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation. It is the inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a potent mediator of inflammation and photocarcinogenesis. Regular application of sunscreens containing UVA filters is an effective preventive measure in mitigating the risk associated with the formation of dermal carcinoma. Therefore, the development of new photoprotective agents is of great need. The current work examined the in vitro photoprotection of the aryl-linked (thio)semicarbazone derivatives against UVA-mediated DNA damage, inflammation, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and ROS. Except for the inflammatory cytokine assay, which was carried out on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line, all tests were conducted on the human dermal fibroblast (BJ) cell line. In comparison to benzophenone (reference compound), the compound (2Z, 2'Z)-2,2'-(1,3-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (DD-21) demonstrated considerable protection against UVA-induced damage. Compared to the UVA-irradiated control, DD-21 significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS (p < 0.001). In the presence of DD-21, the release of UVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that DD-21 protected the cells from UVA-mediated DNA strand breaks and also inhibited the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) upon comparison to the UVA-exposed control cells (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that DD-21 exhibits remarkable photoprotective properties, thus demonstrating its potential as a candidate UVA filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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3
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Sugiyama T, Sanyal MR. Biochemical analysis of H 2O 2-induced mutation spectra revealed that multiple damages were involved in the mutational process. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 134:103617. [PMID: 38154332 PMCID: PMC10842480 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major threat to genomic integrity and believed to be one of the etiologies of cancers. Here we developed a cell-free system to analyze ROS-induced mutagenesis, in which DNA was exposed to H2O2 and then subjected to translesion DNA synthesis by various DNA polymerases. Then, frequencies of mutations on the DNA products were determined by using next-generation sequencing technology. The majority of observed mutations were either C>A or G>A, caused by dAMP insertion at G and C residues, respectively. These mutations showed similar spectra to COSMIC cancer mutational signature 18 and 36, which are proposed to be caused by ROS. The in vitro mutations can be produced by replicative DNA polymerases (yeast DNA polymerase δ and ε), suggesting that ordinary DNA replication is sufficient to produce them. Very little G>A mutation was observed immediately after exposure to H2O2, but the frequency was increased during the 24 h after the ROS was removed, indicating that the initial oxidation product of cytosine needs to be maturated into a mutagenic lesion. Glycosylase-sensitivities of these mutations suggest that the C>A were made on 8-oxoguanine or Fapy-guanine, and that G>A were most likely made on 5-hydroxycytosine modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Mahima R Sanyal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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4
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Menck CFM, Galhardo RS, Quinet A. The accurate bypass of pyrimidine dimers by DNA polymerase eta contributes to ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis. Mutat Res 2024; 828:111840. [PMID: 37984186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2023.111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Human xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) patients are mutated in the POLH gene, responsible for encoding the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta). These patients suffer from a high frequency of skin tumors. Despite several decades of research, studies on Pol eta still offer an intriguing paradox: How does this error-prone polymerase suppress mutations? This review examines recent evidence suggesting that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are instructional for Pol eta. Consequently, it can accurately replicate these lesions, and the mutagenic effects induced by UV radiation stem from the deamination of C-containing CPDs. In this model, the deamination of C (forming a U) within CPDs leads to the correct insertion of an A opposite to the deaminated C (or U)-containing dimers. This intricate process results in C>T transitions, which represent the most prevalent mutations detected in skin cancers. Finally, the delayed replication in XP-V cells amplifies the process of C-deamination in CPDs and increases the burden of C>T mutations prevalent in XP-V tumors through the activity of backup TLS polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - R S Galhardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Quinet
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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5
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Martins DJ, Singh JK, Jahjah T, Vessoni AT, Leandro GDS, Silva MM, Biard DSF, Quinet A, Menck CFM. Polymerase iota plays a key role during translesion synthesis of UV-induced lesions in the absence of polymerase eta. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:4-18. [PMID: 37926965 DOI: 10.1111/php.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant cells are deficient in the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase Polη (eta). This protein contributes to DNA damage tolerance, bypassing unrepaired UV photoproducts and allowing S-phase progression with minimal delay. In the absence of Polη, backup polymerases perform TLS of UV lesions. However, which polymerase plays this role in human cells remains an open question. Here, we investigated the potential role of Polι (iota) in bypassing ultraviolet (UV) induced photoproducts in the absence of Polη, using NER-deficient (XP-C) cells knocked down for Polι and/or Polη genes. Our results indicate that cells lacking either Polι or Polη have increased sensitivity to UVC radiation. The lack of both TLS polymerases led to increased cell death and defects in proliferation and migration. Loss of both polymerases induces a significant replication fork arrest and G1/S-phase blockage, compared to the lack of Polη alone. In conclusion, we propose that Polι acts as a bona fide backup for Polη in the TLS of UV-photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Jardim Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jenny Kaur Singh
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tiya Jahjah
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandre Teixeira Vessoni
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Giovana da Silva Leandro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Serge François Biard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Service d'étude des prions et maladies atypiques, iRCM/IBJF, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Annabel Quinet
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRS/iRCM/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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6
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Speer RM, Nandi SP, Cooper KL, Zhou X, Yu H, Guo Y, Hudson LG, Alexandrov LB, Liu KJ. Arsenic is a potent co-mutagen of ultraviolet light. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1273. [PMID: 38104187 PMCID: PMC10725444 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic enhances the carcinogenicity of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). However, the mechanisms of arsenic-driven oncogenesis are not well understood. Here, we utilize experimental systems to investigate the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of co-exposure to arsenic and UVR. In vitro and in vivo exposures indicate that, by itself, arsenic is not mutagenic. However, in combination with UVR, arsenic exposure has a synergistic effect leading to an accelerated mouse skin carcinogenesis and to more than 2-fold enrichment of UVR mutational burden. Notably, mutational signature ID13, previously found only in UVR-associated human skin cancers, is observed exclusively in mouse skin tumors and cell lines jointly exposed to arsenic and UVR. This signature was not observed in any model system exposed purely to arsenic or purely to UVR, making ID13, to the best of our knowledge, the first co-exposure signature to be reported using controlled experimental conditions. Analysis of existing skin cancer genomics data reveals that only a subset of cancers harbor ID13 and these exhibit an elevated UVR mutagenesis. Our results report a unique mutational signature caused by a co-exposure to two environmental carcinogens and provide comprehensive evidence that arsenic is a potent co-mutagen and co-carcinogen of UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Shuvro P Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karen L Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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7
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Corradi C, Vilar JB, Buzatto VC, de Souza TA, Castro LP, Munford V, De Vecchi R, Galante PAF, Orpinelli F, Miller TLA, Buzzo JL, Sotto MN, Saldiva P, de Oliveira JW, Chaibub SCW, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. Mutational signatures and increased retrotransposon insertions in xeroderma pigmentosum variant skin tumors. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:511-524. [PMID: 37195263 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) is an autosomal recessive disease with an increased risk of developing cutaneous neoplasms in sunlight-exposed regions. These cells are deficient in the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase eta, responsible for bypassing different types of DNA lesions. From the exome sequencing of 11 skin tumors of a genetic XP-V patients' cluster, classical mutational signatures related to sunlight exposure, such as C>T transitions targeted to pyrimidine dimers, were identified. However, basal cell carcinomas also showed distinct C>A mutation spectra reflecting a mutational signature possibly related to sunlight-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, four samples carry different mutational signatures, with C>A mutations associated with tobacco chewing or smoking usage. Thus, XP-V patients should be warned of the risk of these habits. Surprisingly, higher levels of retrotransposon somatic insertions were also detected when the tumors were compared with non-XP skin tumors, revealing other possible causes for XP-V tumors and novel functions for the TLS polymerase eta in suppressing retrotransposition. Finally, the expected high mutation burden found in most of these tumors renders these XP patients good candidates for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Corradi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana B Vilar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Buzatto
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Tiago A de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Tau GC Bioinformatics, Cotia, SP 06711-020, Brazil
| | - Ligia P Castro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A F Galante
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Orpinelli
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Thiago L A Miller
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José L Buzzo
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Mirian N Sotto
- Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo Saldiva
- Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jocelânio W de Oliveira
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Alain Sarasin
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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Laughery MF, Plummer DA, Wilson HE, Vandenberg BN, Mitchell D, Mieczkowski PA, Roberts SA, Wyrick JJ. Genome-wide maps of UVA and UVB mutagenesis in yeast reveal distinct causative lesions and mutational strand asymmetries. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad086. [PMID: 37170598 PMCID: PMC10324949 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light primarily causes C > T substitutions in lesion-forming dipyrimidine sequences. However, many of the key driver mutations in melanoma do not fit this canonical UV signature, but are instead caused by T > A, T > C, or C > A substitutions. To what extent exposure to the UVB or UVA spectrum of sunlight can induce these noncanonical mutation classes, and the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. Here, we repeatedly exposed wild-type or repair-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to UVB or UVA light and characterized the resulting mutations by whole genome sequencing. Our data indicate that UVB induces C > T and T > C substitutions in dipyrimidines, and T > A substitutions that are often associated with thymine-adenine (TA) sequences. All of these mutation classes are induced in nucleotide excision repair-deficient cells and show transcriptional strand asymmetry, suggesting they are caused by helix-distorting UV photoproducts. In contrast, UVA exposure induces orders of magnitude fewer mutations with a distinct mutation spectrum. UVA-induced mutations are elevated in Ogg1-deficient cells, and the resulting spectrum consists almost entirely of C > A/G > T mutations, indicating they are likely derived from oxidative guanine lesions. These mutations show replication asymmetry, with elevated G > T mutations on the leading strand, suggesting there is a strand bias in the removal or bypass of guanine lesions during replication. Finally, we develop a mutation reporter to show that UVA induces a G > T reversion mutation in yeast that mimics the oncogenic NRAS Q61K mutation in melanoma. Taken together, these findings indicate that UVA and UVB exposure can induce many of the noncanonical mutation classes that cause driver mutations in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian F Laughery
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Dalton A Plummer
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hannah E Wilson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Brittany N Vandenberg
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Debra Mitchell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Piotr A Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Steven A Roberts
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - John J Wyrick
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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9
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Vandenberg BN, Laughery MF, Cordero C, Plummer D, Mitchell D, Kreyenhagen J, Albaqshi F, Brown AJ, Mieczkowski PA, Wyrick JJ, Roberts SA. Contributions of replicative and translesion DNA polymerases to mutagenic bypass of canonical and atypical UV photoproducts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2576. [PMID: 37142570 PMCID: PMC10160025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UV exposure induces a mutation signature of C > T substitutions at dipyrimidines in skin cancers. We recently identified additional UV-induced AC > TT and A > T substitutions that could respectively cause BRAF V600K and V600E oncogenic mutations. The mutagenic bypass mechanism past these atypical lesions, however, is unknown. Here, we whole genome sequenced UV-irradiated yeast and used reversion reporters to delineate the roles of replicative and translesion DNA polymerases in mutagenic bypass of UV-lesions. Our data indicates that yeast DNA polymerase eta (pol η) has varied impact on UV-induced mutations: protecting against C > T substitutions, promoting T > C and AC > TT substitutions, and not impacting A > T substitutions. Surprisingly, deletion rad30Δ increased novel UV-induced C > A substitutions at CA dinucleotides. In contrast, DNA polymerases zeta (pol ζ) and epsilon (pol ε) participated in AC > TT and A > T mutations. These results uncover lesion-specific accurate and mutagenic bypass of UV lesions, which likely contribute to key driver mutations in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Vandenberg
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Marian F Laughery
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Cameron Cordero
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Dalton Plummer
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Debra Mitchell
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jordan Kreyenhagen
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Fatimah Albaqshi
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Alexander J Brown
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Piotr A Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John J Wyrick
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Steven A Roberts
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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10
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Speer RM, Nandi SP, Cooper KL, Zhou X, Yu H, Guo Y, Hudson LG, Alexandrov LB, Liu KJ. Arsenic is a potent co-mutagen of ultraviolet light. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529578. [PMID: 36865271 PMCID: PMC9980120 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental co-exposures are widespread and are major contributors to carcinogenic mechanisms. Two well-established environmental agents causing skin cancer are ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and arsenic. Arsenic is a known co-carcinogen that enhances UVR's carcinogenicity. However, the mechanisms of arsenic co-carcinogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we utilized primary human keratinocytes and a hairless mouse model to investigate the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of co-exposure to arsenic and UVR. In vitro and in vivo exposures revealed that, on its own, arsenic is neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic. However, in combination with UVR, arsenic exposure has a synergistic effect leading to an accelerated mouse skin carcinogenesis as well as to more than 2-fold enrichment of UVR mutational burden. Notably, mutational signature ID13, previously found only in UVR-associated human skin cancers, was observed exclusively in mouse skin tumors and cell lines jointly exposed to arsenic and UVR. This signature was not observed in any model system exposed purely to arsenic or purely to UVR, making ID13 the first co-exposure signature to be reported using controlled experimental conditions. Analysis of existing genomics data from basal cell carcinomas and melanomas revealed that only a subset of human skin cancers harbor ID13 and, consistent with our experimental observations, these cancers exhibited an elevated UVR mutagenesis. Our results provide the first report of a unique mutational signature caused by a co-exposure to two environmental carcinogens and the first comprehensive evidence that arsenic is a potent co-mutagen and co-carcinogen of UVR. Importantly, our findings suggest that a large proportion of human skin cancers are not formed purely due to UVR exposure but rather due to a co-exposure of UVR and other co-mutagens such as arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Shuvro P. Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karen L. Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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11
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Zhivagui M, Hoda A, Valenzuela N, Yeh YY, Dai J, He Y, Nandi SP, Otlu B, Van Houten B, Alexandrov LB. DNA damage and somatic mutations in mammalian cells after irradiation with a nail polish dryer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:276. [PMID: 36650165 PMCID: PMC9845303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet A light is commonly emitted by UV-nail polish dryers with recent reports suggesting that long-term use may increase the risk for developing skin cancer. However, no experimental evaluation has been conducted to reveal the effect of radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers on mammalian cells. Here, we show that irradiation by a UV-nail polish dryer causes high levels of reactive oxygen species, consistent with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Analysis of somatic mutations reveals a dose-dependent increase of C:G>A:T substitutions in irradiated samples with mutagenic patterns similar to mutational signatures previously attributed to reactive oxygen species. In summary, this study demonstrates that radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers can both damage DNA and permanently engrave mutations on the genomes of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human foreskin fibroblasts, and human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zhivagui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Areebah Hoda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Yi-Yu Yeh
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yudou He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shuvro P Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Burcak Otlu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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12
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Jin SG, Padron F, Pfeifer GP. UVA Radiation, DNA Damage, and Melanoma. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32936-32948. [PMID: 36157735 PMCID: PMC9494637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a lethal type of skin tumor that has been linked with sunlight exposure chiefly in fair-skinned human populations. Wavelengths from the sun that can reach the earth's surface include UVA radiation (320-400 nm) and UVB radiation (280-320 nm). UVB effectively induces the formation of dimeric DNA photoproducts, preferentially the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). The characteristic UVB signature mutations in the form of C to T mutations at dipyrimidine sequences are prevalent in melanoma tumor genomes and have been ascribed to deamination of cytosines within CPDs before DNA polymerase bypass. However, evidence from epidemiological, animal, and other experimental studies also suggest that UVA radiation may participate in melanoma formation. The DNA damage relevant for UVA includes specific types of CPDs at TT sequences and perhaps oxidative DNA damage to guanine, both induced by direct or indirect, photosensitization-mediated chemical and biophysical processes. We summarize the evidence for a potential role of UVA in melanoma and discuss some of the mechanistic pathways of how UVA may induce mutagenesis in melanocytes.
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13
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Şahin EA, Taşkıran EZ, Kiper PÖŞ, Aydın B, Utine E. Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma and a novel mutation in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:306. [PMID: 35902966 PMCID: PMC9336083 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xeroderma pigmentosum is an extremely serious genetic disorder defined by sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in sunburn and pigment changes. If patients are not completely protected from ultraviolet radiation, xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by a greatly increased risk of sunlight-induced cutaneous neoplasms. There is no standard therapy for skin cancer of xeroderma pigmentosum. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors were reported to increase response rates and improve outcomes and life expectancy in patients with various cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma in xeroderma pigmentosum. In this paper, we report on a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum from a consanguineous family with recurrent facial chemotherapy-resistant squamous cell carcinoma lesions treated successfully with an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody in both relapses. CASE PRESENTATION A 7-year-old Turkish male was referred to our oncology department for recurring squamous cell carcinoma after local excision of the tumor over his nose. The lesion was a rapidly growing lesion, measuring 8 × 4 cm in size. Physical examination revealed that he also had hemorrhagic crusted plaques and nodules over both eyelids and upper lip, with multiple hypo- and hyperpigmented punctate lesions all over his body. After two more cycles of chemotherapy, progressive disease was noted, and a new lesion on the right eyelid caused blurred vision. Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody treatment was planned with concomitant radiotherapy. He received nivolumab every 3 weeks for 4 months, improving his vision. No new lesions or active complaints have been observed in the current situation, and complete remission has been achieved. On the last admission, the patient was clinically diagnosed with xeroderma pigmentosum. Owing to the condition's genetic heterogeneity, whole-exome sequencing was performed with Ion Proton next-generation sequencing platform, and the c.2250 + 1G>A splice site mutation of the XPC gene was detected in the homozygous state. CONCLUSIONS The clinical report emphasizes the importance of clinical awareness and crucial early diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum and presents a novel causative homozygous c.2250 + 1G>A splice site mutation. Our case proves that next-generation sequencing is an effective method for the rapid diagnosis and determination of xeroderma pigmentosum genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekim Zihni Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gene Mapping Laboratory, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Özlem Şimşek Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burça Aydın
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Cheong A, Nagel ZD. Human Variation in DNA Repair, Immune Function, and Cancer Risk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899574. [PMID: 35935942 PMCID: PMC9354717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage constantly threatens genome integrity, and DNA repair deficiency is associated with increased cancer risk. An intuitive and widely accepted explanation for this relationship is that unrepaired DNA damage leads to carcinogenesis due to the accumulation of mutations in somatic cells. But DNA repair also plays key roles in the function of immune cells, and immunodeficiency is an important risk factor for many cancers. Thus, it is possible that emerging links between inter-individual variation in DNA repair capacity and cancer risk are driven, at least in part, by variation in immune function, but this idea is underexplored. In this review we present an overview of the current understanding of the links between cancer risk and both inter-individual variation in DNA repair capacity and inter-individual variation in immune function. We discuss factors that play a role in both types of variability, including age, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. In conclusion, we propose a research paradigm that incorporates functional studies of both genome integrity and the immune system to predict cancer risk and lay the groundwork for personalized prevention.
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15
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Feltes BC, Menck CFM. Current state of knowledge of human DNA polymerase eta protein structure and disease-causing mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 790:108436. [PMID: 35952573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
POLη, encoded by the POLH gene, is a crucial protein for replicating damaged DNA and the most studied specialized translesion synthesis polymerases. Mutations in POLη are associated with cancer and the human syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum variant, which is characterized by extreme photosensitivity and an increased likelihood of developing skin cancers. The myriad of structural information about POLη is vast, covering dozens of different mutants, numerous crucial residues, domains, and posttranslational modifications that are essential for protein function within cells. Since POLη is key vital enzyme for cell survival, and mutations in this protein are related to aggressive diseases, understanding its structure is crucial for biomedical sciences, primarily due to its similarities with other Y-family polymerases and its potential as a targeted therapy-drug for tumors. This work provides an up-to-date review on structural aspects of the human POLη: from basic knowledge about critical residues and protein domains to its mutant variants, posttranslational modifications, and our current understanding of therapeutic molecules that target POLη. Thus, this review provides lessons about POLη's structure and gathers critical discussions and hypotheses that may contribute to understanding this protein's vital roles within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Theoretical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Department of Theoretical Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil; Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Valerio HP, Ravagnani FG, Yaya Candela AP, Dias Carvalho da Costa B, Ronsein GE, Di Mascio P. Spatial proteomics reveals subcellular reorganization in human keratinocytes exposed to UVA light. iScience 2022; 25:104093. [PMID: 35372811 PMCID: PMC8971936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of UV light on the skin have been extensively investigated. However, systematic information about how the exposure to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light, the least energetic but the most abundant UV radiation reaching the Earth, shapes the subcellular organization of proteins is lacking. Using subcellular fractionation, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, machine learning algorithms, immunofluorescence, and functional assays, we mapped the subcellular reorganization of the proteome of human keratinocytes in response to UVA light. Our workflow quantified and assigned subcellular localization for over 1,600 proteins, of which about 200 were found to redistribute upon UVA exposure. Reorganization of the proteome affected modulators of signaling pathways, cellular metabolism, and DNA damage response. Strikingly, mitochondria were identified as one of the main targets of UVA-induced stress. Further investigation demonstrated that UVA induces mitochondrial fragmentation, up-regulates redox-responsive proteins, and attenuates respiratory rates. These observations emphasize the role of this radiation as a potent metabolic stressor in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Paula Valerio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gustavo Ravagnani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Angela Paola Yaya Candela
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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17
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Zhang Y, You S, Wang D, Zhao D, Zhang J, An Q, Li M, Wang C. Fermented Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides protect UVA-induced photoaging of human skin fibroblasts. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1275-1288. [PMID: 35432966 PMCID: PMC9007291 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), gel permeation chromatograph‐liquid chromatography (GPC‐LC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the molecular characteristics of fermented Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (FDOP) by Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus. The characteristic structural peak of FDOP was more prominent, showing a smaller molecular structure, and its porous structure showed better water solubility. The protective effect of FDOP on the damage of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated by evaluating its antioxidative and antiaging indices. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of HSF was improved, and the breakdown of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid was reduced, thus providing effective protection to the skin tissue. The antioxidative property of FDOP was explored using Nf‐E2‐related factor 2‐small interfering RNA‐3 (Nrf2‐siRNA‐3) (Nrf2‐si3) and qRT‐PCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), and the antiaging property of FDOP was explored using Western Blot and qRT‐PCR. The results show that FDOP can up‐regulate signal transduction of the Nrf2/Keap1 (Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smads pathways to reduce antioxidative damage and antiaging effects. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for FDOP as a novel functional agent that can be used in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd. Kunming China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China.,Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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18
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Zhang M, Wang M, Guo Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Zhao G. Unveiling the nonadiabatic photoisomerization mechanism of hemicyanines for UV photoprotection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119949. [PMID: 34023551 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the nonadiabatic energy relaxation mechanism of hemicyanines for UV photoprotection were investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method for the first time. The absorption spectra and potential energy surfaces (PESs) of four hemicyanines with different positions of substituents were presented. The maximum absorption peaks of the four hemicyanines are located in the UVA region. In addition, all these hemicyanine molecules also have light absorption in both the UVB and UVC regions. At the same time, we found that the trans-cis photoisomerization PESs of all these hemicyanines have a significant conical intersection (CI) point between the first excited state and the ground state. Herein, it was first demonstrated that the UV energy absorbed by the hemicyanines could be dissipated nonadiabatically through the CI point by using the trans-cis photoisomerization dynamics mechanism. This work proves that hemicyanines have the possibility to be applied for UV photoabsorbers, and provides important basis for designing new type of hemicyanines for UV photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163318, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163318, China.
| | - Yibing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yongze Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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19
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Sugiyama T, Keinard B, Best G, Sanyal MR. Biochemical and photochemical mechanisms that produce different UV-induced mutation spectra. Mutat Res 2021; 823:111762. [PMID: 34563793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2021.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although UV-induced mutagenesis has been studied extensively, the precise mechanisms that convert UV-induced DNA damage into mutations remain elusive. One well-studied mechanism involves DNA polymerase (Pol) η and ζ, which produces C > T transitions during translesion synthesis (TLS) across pyrimidine dimers. We previously proposed another biochemical mechanism that involves multiple UV-irradiations with incubation in the dark in between. The incubation facilitates spontaneous deamination of cytosine in a pyrimidine dimer, and the subsequent UV irradiation induces photolyase-independent (direct) photoreversal that converts cytosine into monomeric uracil residue. In this paper, we first demonstrate that natural sunlight can induce both mutational processes in vitro. The direct photoreversal was also reproduced by monochromatic UVB at 300 nm. We also demonstrate that post-irradiation incubation in the dark is required for both mutational processes, suggesting that cytosine deamination is required for both the Pol η/ζ-dependent and the photoreversal-dependent mechanisms. Another Y-family polymerase Pol ι also mediated a mutagenic TLS on UV-damaged templates when combined with Pol ζ. The Pol ι-dependent mutations were largely independent of post-irradiation incubation, indicating that cytosine deamination was not essential for this mutational process. Sunlight-exposure also induced C > A transversions which were likely caused by oxidation of guanine residues. Finally, we constructed in vitro mutation spectra in a comparable format to cancer mutation signatures. While both Pol η-dependent and photoreversal-dependent spectra showed high similarities to a cancer signature (SBS7a), Pol ι-dependent mutation spectrum has distinct T > A/C substitutions, which are found in another cancer signature (SBS7d). The Pol ι-dependent T > A/C substitutions were resistant to T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase-treatment, suggesting that this mutational process is independent of cis-syn pyrimidine dimers. An updated model about multiple mechanisms of UV-induced mutagenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | | | | | - Mahima R Sanyal
- Department of Biological Sciences; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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20
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Quintero-Ruiz N, Corradi C, Moreno NC, de Souza TA, Pereira Castro L, Rocha CRR, Menck CFM. Mutagenicity Profile Induced by UVB Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Cells †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:713-731. [PMID: 34516658 DOI: 10.1111/php.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main pathways for genome protection against structural DNA damage caused by sunlight, which in turn is extensively related to skin cancer development. The mutation spectra induced by UVB were investigated by whole-exome sequencing of randomly selected clones of NER-proficient and XP-C-deficient human skin fibroblasts. As a model, a cell line unable to recognize and remove lesions (XP-C) was used and compared to the complemented isogenic control (COMP). As expected, a significant increase of mutagenesis was observed in irradiated XP-C cells, mainly C>T transitions, but also CC>TT and C>A base substitutions. Remarkably, the C>T mutations occur mainly at the second base of dipyrimidine sites in pyrimidine-rich sequence contexts, with 5'TC sequence the most mutated. Although T>N mutations were also significantly increased, they were not directly related to pyrimidine dimers. Moreover, the large-scale study of a single UVB irradiation on XP-C cells allowed recovering the typical mutation spectrum found in human skin cancer tumors. Eventually, the data may be used for comparison with the mutational profiles of skin tumors obtained from XP-C patients and may help to understand the mutational process in nonaffected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Corradi
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antonio de Souza
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tau GC Bioinformatics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Pereira Castro
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Drug resistance and mutagenesis Laboratory, Departmento de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Melanin, lipofuscin and the effects of visible light in the skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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22
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Mhamdi-Ghodbani M, Starzonek C, Degenhardt S, Bender M, Said M, Greinert R, Volkmer B. UVB damage response of dermal stem cells as melanocyte precursors compared to keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts from human foreskin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 220:112216. [PMID: 34023595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces mutagenic DNA photolesions in skin cells especially in form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Protection mechanisms as DNA repair and apoptosis are of great importance in order to prevent skin carcinogenesis. In human skin, neural crest-derived precursors of melanocytes, the dermal stem cells (DSCs), are discussed to be at the origin of melanoma. Although they are constantly exposed to solar UV radiation, it is still not investigated how DSCs cope with UV-induced DNA damage. Here, we report a comparative study of the DNA damage response after irradiation with a physiological relevant UVB dose in DSCs in comparison to fibroblasts, melanocytes and keratinocytes isolated from human foreskin. Within our experimental settings, DSCs were able to repair DNA photolesions as efficient as the other skin cell types with solely keratinocytes repairing significantly faster. Interestingly, only fibroblasts showed significant alterations in cell cycle distribution in terms of a transient S phase arrest following irradiation. Moreover, with the applied UVB dose none of the examined cell types was prone to UVB-induced apoptosis. This may cause persistent genomic alterations and in case of DSCs it may have severe consequences for their daughter cells, the differentiated melanocytes. Altogether, this is the first study demonstrating a similar UV response in dermal stem cells compared to differentiated skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Mhamdi-Ghodbani
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Christin Starzonek
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Sarah Degenhardt
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Marc Bender
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Greinert
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Beate Volkmer
- Skin Cancer Center, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Klinikum Buxtehude, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany.
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23
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Yuniati R, Sihombing NRB, Nauphar D, Tiawarman B, Kartikasari DS, Dewi M, Faradz SMH. Clinical manifestation and genetic analysis of familial rare disease genodermatosis xeroderma pigmentosum. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:114-121. [PMID: 33996357 PMCID: PMC8122318 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypersensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation and other carcinogenic agents. This ailment is characterized by increased photosensitivity, skin xerosis, early skin aging, actinic keratosis, erythematous lesions, and hyperpigmentation macules. In this serial case report, we presented four cases with XP from two families in Indonesia. Both families were referred from rural referral health centers, and each family has two affected siblings. They had freckle-like pigmentation on the face, trunk, and extremities, which progressed since childhood. One patient of family 2 died because of an infectious disease. Histopathological examination using cytokeratine (CK), CD10, and Ber-EP4 staining from available tissue biopsy of one affected case of family 1 identified basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the cheek and melanoma on the right eye. Mutation analysis found ERCC2, c2047C>T and XPC, c1941T>A in the first and second families, respectively. We suppose that this is the first case report of XP in Indonesia that incorporates clinical examination, genetic analysis, and extensive histopathological examination, including immunohistochemistry staining, and a novel pathogenic variant of XPC was found in the second family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renni Yuniati
- Department Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nydia Rena Benita Sihombing
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National University Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Donny Nauphar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
| | | | - Diah Shinta Kartikasari
- Department Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Meira Dewi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia/Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Sultana MH Faradz
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National University Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
- Address correspondence to:Sultana MH Faradz, Division of Human Genetics, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Diponegoro National University Hospital, Jl. H Soedharto, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia. E-mail:
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24
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Unravelling roles of error-prone DNA polymerases in shaping cancer genomes. Oncogene 2021; 40:6549-6565. [PMID: 34663880 PMCID: PMC8639439 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenesis is a key hallmark and enabling characteristic of cancer cells, yet the diverse underlying mutagenic mechanisms that shape cancer genomes are not understood. This review will consider the emerging challenge of determining how DNA damage response pathways-both tolerance and repair-act upon specific forms of DNA damage to generate mutations characteristic of tumors. DNA polymerases are typically the ultimate mutagenic effectors of DNA repair pathways. Therefore, understanding the contributions of DNA polymerases is critical to develop a more comprehensive picture of mutagenic mechanisms in tumors. Selection of an appropriate DNA polymerase-whether error-free or error-prone-for a particular DNA template is critical to the maintenance of genome stability. We review different modes of DNA polymerase dysregulation including mutation, polymorphism, and over-expression of the polymerases themselves or their associated activators. Based upon recent findings connecting DNA polymerases with specific mechanisms of mutagenesis, we propose that compensation for DNA repair defects by error-prone polymerases may be a general paradigm molding the mutational landscape of cancer cells. Notably, we demonstrate that correlation of error-prone polymerase expression with mutation burden in a subset of patient tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas can identify mechanistic hypotheses for further testing. We contrast experimental approaches from broad, genome-wide strategies to approaches with a narrower focus on a few hundred base pairs of DNA. In addition, we consider recent developments in computational annotation of patient tumor data to identify patterns of mutagenesis. Finally, we discuss the innovations and future experiments that will develop a more comprehensive portrait of mutagenic mechanisms in human tumors.
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