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Mohsin N, Akhtar MS, Alkahtani SA, Walbi IA, Alhazmi Y, Alam MN, Bhardwaj A. Nephroprotective Effect of Bergapten Against Cyclophosphamide-Mediated Renal Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Wistar Rats: Probable Role of NF-kB and TGF-β1 Signaling Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18296-18303. [PMID: 38680299 PMCID: PMC11044238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is a well-established antineoplastic drug with marked clinical outcomes in various types of cancers. Despite being a promising drug, its use is associated with significant renal toxicity and often limits its use, leading to compromised clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study explored the renal protective effect of bergapten (BGP), a natural bioactive compound that showed marked antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. Till now, BGP has not been studied for its renal protective effect in an in vivo model. Animals were divided into control, toxic, BGP-3, BGP-10, and BGP Per se. The control group was treated with normal saline for 2 weeks. To the toxic group, CPM 200 mg/kg was given on day 7 as i.p. To BGP-3, 10, and Per se, BGP-3 and 10 mg/kg, ip was given 2 weeks with a single shot of CPM 200 day 7. To the Per se group, only BGP 10 mg/kg, ip was given from day 1 to day 14. After 14 days, animals were sacrificed, and kidneys were removed and studied for the markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, renal injury, renal fibrosis, and renal damage using biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. We found that BGP-10 effectively reversed the damage toward normal, whereas BGP-3 failed to exhibit a significant renal protective effect. We conclude that bergapten could be a potential renal protective drug, and hence, more detailed cellular molecular-based studies are needed to bring this drug from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Mohsin
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 1644, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shabib Akhtar
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 1644, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Alkahtani
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 1644, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Walbi
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 1644, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Alhazmi
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 1644, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Niyaz Alam
- Ram-Esh
Institute of Vocational & Technical Education, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Alok Bhardwaj
- Lloyd
Institute of Management & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
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Sood T, Perrot N, Chong M, Mohammadi-Shemirani P, Mushtaha M, Leong D, Rangarajan S, Hess S, Yusuf S, Gerstein HC, Paré G, Pigeyre M. Biomarkers Associated With Severe COVID-19 Among Populations With High Cardiometabolic Risk: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2325914. [PMID: 37498601 PMCID: PMC10375306 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Cardiometabolic parameters are established risk factors for COVID-19 severity. The identification of causal or protective biomarkers for COVID-19 severity may facilitate the development of novel therapies. Objective To identify protein biomarkers that promote or reduce COVID-19 severity and that mediate the association of cardiometabolic risk factors with COVID-19 severity. Design, Setting, and Participants This genetic association study using 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted in 2022 to investigate associations among cardiometabolic risk factors, circulating biomarkers, and COVID-19 hospitalization. Inputs for MR included genetic and proteomic data from 4147 participants with dysglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors collected through the Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial. Genome-wide association study summary statistics were obtained from (1) 3 additional independent plasma proteome studies, (2) genetic consortia for selected cardiometabolic risk factors (including body mass index [BMI], type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and systolic blood pressure; all n >10 000), and (3) the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (n = 5773 hospitalized and 15 497 nonhospitalized case participants with COVID-19). Data analysis was performed in July 2022. Exposures Genetically determined concentrations of 235 circulating proteins assayed with a multiplex biomarker panel from the ORIGIN trial for the initial analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospitalization status of individuals from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative with a positive COVID-19 test result. Results Among 235 biomarkers tested in samples totaling 22 101 individuals, MR analysis showed that higher kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels reduced the likelihood of COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase in KIM-1 levels, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.93]). A meta-analysis validated the protective association with no observed directional pleiotropy (OR per SD increase in KIM-1 levels, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.88-0.95]). Of the cardiometabolic risk factors studied, only BMI was associated with KIM-1 levels (0.17 SD increase in biomarker level per 1 kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.08-0.26]) and COVID-19 hospitalization (OR per 1-SD biomarker level, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.18-1.50]). Multivariable MR analysis also revealed that KIM-1 partially mitigated the association of BMI with COVID-19 hospitalization, reducing it by 10 percentage points (OR adjusted for KIM-1 level per 1 kg/m2, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.06-1.43]). Conclusions and Relevance In this genetic association study, KIM-1 was identified as a potential mitigator of COVID-19 severity, possibly attenuating the increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization among individuals with high BMI. Further studies are required to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Sood
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Perrot
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pedrum Mohammadi-Shemirani
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Deep Genomics Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Mushtaha
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl Leong
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sibylle Hess
- Global Medical Diabetes, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Zhang L, Yao P, Wang S, Yang Q. Nanosystems for oxidative stress regulation in the anti-inflammatory therapy of acute kidney injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1120148. [PMID: 36845189 PMCID: PMC9949729 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that results from a rapid decline in renal structure or renal functional impairment with the main pathological feature of sublethal and lethal damage to renal tubular cells. However, many potential therapeutic agents cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect because of their poor pharmacokinetics and short retention time in the kidneys. With the recent emergence and progress of nanotechnology, nanodrugs with unique physicochemical properties could prolong circulation time, enhance efficient targeted delivery, and elevate the accumulation of therapeutics that can cross the glomerular filtration barrier and indicate comprehensive application prospects in the prevention and treatment of AKI. In this review, various types of nanosystems (such as liposomes, polymeric nanosystems, inorganic nanoparticles and cell-derived extracellular vesicles) are designed and applied to improve the pharmacokinetics of drug formation, which could further relieve the burden on the kidneys caused by the final cumulative dose of drugs in conventional treatments. Moreover, the passive or active targeting effect of nanosystems can also reduce the total therapeutic dose and off-target adverse effects on other organs. Nanodelivery systems for treating AKI that alleviate oxidative stress-induced renal cell damage and regulate the inflammatory kidney microenvironment are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longyao Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Shaoqing Wang, ; Qian Yang,
| | - Qian Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center of Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Shaoqing Wang, ; Qian Yang,
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Wang J, Yu C, Zhuang J, Qi W, Jiang J, Liu X, Zhao W, Cao Y, Wu H, Qi J, Zhao RC. The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation. Biomark Res 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35033201 PMCID: PMC8760663 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The negatively charged aminophospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), is located in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in normal cells, and may be exposed to the outer leaflet under some immune and blood coagulation processes. Meanwhile, Ptdser exposed to apoptotic cells can be recognized and eliminated by various immune cells, whereas on the surface of activated platelets Ptdser interacts with coagulation factors prompting enhanced production of thrombin which significantly facilitates blood coagulation. In the case where PtdSer fails in exposure or mistakenly occurs, there are occurrences of certain immunological and haematological diseases, such as the Scott syndrome and Systemic lupus erythematosus. Besides, viruses (e.g., Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV)) can invade host cells through binding the exposed PtdSer. Most recently, the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been similarly linked to PtdSer or its receptors. Therefore, it is essential to comprehensively understand PtdSer and its functional characteristics. Therefore, this review summarizes Ptdser, its eversion mechanism; interaction mechanism, particularly with its immune receptors and coagulation factors; recognition sites; and its function in immune and blood processes. This review illustrates the potential aspects for the underlying pathogenic mechanism of PtdSer-related diseases, and the discovery of new therapeutic strategies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Changxin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenxin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiawen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wanwei Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yiyang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jingxuan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dongdansantiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China.
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Bashandy, PhD MM, Saeed HE, Ahmed WMS, Ibrahim MA, Shehata O. OUP accepted manuscript. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:339-347. [PMID: 35510236 PMCID: PMC9052319 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects both human and animal health. Chronic cadmium exposure causes serious kidney damage. The current study investigated the protective role of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced renal injury. Method One hundred and twenty male albino rats were divided into 6 equal groups. Group (C): considered as control group which was given distilled water orally. Group (NC.1 and NC.5): rats were injected i.p. with nanoceria at a dose of (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg b.wt), respectively, twice a week for 2 weeks starting at the 15th day of the study. Group (Cd): rats were received CdCl2 orally (10 mg/kg b.wt) daily for 28 days. Groups (Cd + NC.1 and Cd + NC.5): rats were given CdCl2 orally (10 mg/kg b.wt) for 28 days and CeO2NPs by i.p. injection at a dose of (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg b.wt), respectively, twice a week for 2 weeks started at the 15th day of the experiment. Results The Cd group exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-1β, KIM-1, Cys-C, and β2-MG, downregulation of the antioxidant initiator genes such as Nrf-2, and up-regulation of apoptosis markers such as nibrin gene (NBN). Urine examination showed a high level of microalbuminuria, abnormal physical, chemical, and microscopical changes in comparison with control groups. Conculsion Remarkably, posttreatment with CeO2NPs showed significant improvement in kidney histopathological picture and relieved the alterations in kidney biomarkers, inflammatory markers, urine abnormalities, and expressions of different genes as Nrf-2 and NBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Bashandy, PhD
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Hanan E Saeed
- Corresponding author: Hanan E. Saeed, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, BeniSuef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt. and
| | - Walaa M S Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shehata
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Effects of pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide on renal and hepatic functions in rats. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2020; 15:574-582. [PMID: 33294072 PMCID: PMC7687661 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2020.93990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Laparoscopic surgery is a preferred method based on its many benefits. However, increasing abdominal pressure by CO2 insufflation during the implementation of this technique poses challenges. Aim To determine the degree of renal and liver injury that occurs in a pneumoperitoneum (PP) model of prolonged CO2 insufflation. Material and methods Twenty-one female Sprague Dawley rats were separated randomly into three groups. Group 1 was the control group and given anesthesia for 3 h. In group 2, PP was administered under anesthesia for 1 h. In the last group, PP was administered under anesthesia to animals for 3 h. We measured renal and liver injury biomarkers and made a histopathological evaluation to estimate the degree of injury and assessed the correlation of biomarkers including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) with histopathological findings. Results Histopathological analysis according to the kidney ischemia tubular damage score showed a statistically significant difference between the 3 groups (p < 0.001). There was an increase in KIM-1 levels in the groups, although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.062, p = 0.156, p = 0.350 respectively). According to the correlation test in this research, KIM-1 results had a statistically significant association with creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in all control and study groups. Conclusions According to our results, the increase in KIM-1 was correlated with Cr levels and compatible with histopathological analysis. Moreover, intra-abdominal pressure statistically significantly increased the degree of kidney injury and there was not a significant increase in the levels of KIM-1. There was no difference in liver damage between groups.
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Lee HJ, Pyo MC, Shin HS, Ryu D, Lee KW. Renal toxicity through AhR, PXR, and Nrf2 signaling pathway activation of ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress in kidney cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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iRhom2 loss alleviates renal injury in long-term PM2.5-exposed mice by suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 19:147-157. [PMID: 30165303 PMCID: PMC6118040 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor for organ injury and disease progression, such as lung, brain and liver. However, its effects on renal injury and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been understood. The inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2), also known as rhomboid family member 2 (Rhbdf2), is a necessary modulator for shedding of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in immune cells, and has been explored in the pathogenesis of chronic renal diseases. In the present study, we found that compared to the wild type (iRhom2+/+) mice, iRhom2 knockout (iRhom2-/-) protected PM2.5-exposed mice from developing severe renal injury, accompanied with improved renal pathological changes and functions. iRhom2-/- mice exhibited reduced inflammatory response, as evidenced by the reduction of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-18 in kidney samples, which might be, at least partly, through inactivating TNF-α converting enzyme/TNF-α receptors (TACE/TNFRs) and inhibitor of α/nuclear factor κ B (IκBα/NF-κB) signaling pathways. In addition, oxidative stress was also restrained by iRhom2-/- in kidney of PM2.5-exposed mice by enhancing heme oxygenase/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (HO-1/Nrf-2) expressions, and reducing phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In vitro, blockage of HO-1 or Nrf-2 rescued the inflammatory response and oxidative stress that were reduced by iRhom2 knockdown in PM2.5-incubated RAW264.7 cells. Similar results were observed in JNK activator-treated cells. Taken together, our findings indicated that iRhom2 played an essential role in regulating PM2.5-induced chronic renal damage, thus revealing a potential target for preventing chronic kidney diseases development. Suppression of iRhom2 negatively regulates inflammatory response in mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. iRhom2 deficiency alleviates PM2.5-induced renal injury by reducing inflammatory infiltration. iRhom2 inhibition reduces oxidative stress and JNK activation in PM2.5-induced renal injury in vitro and in vivo. PM2.5-induced renal injury via iRhom2-regulated oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) is a type I membrane protein, comprising an extracellular portion and a cytoplasmic portion, which is expressed at very low levels in the normal kidney. The extracellular portion can cleave and rapidly enter tubule lumens after kidney injury, and can then be detected in the urine. It has been confirmed that the urine KIM-1 level is closely related to tissue KIM-1 level and correlated with kidney tissue damage. Not only is KIM-1 proven to be an early biomarker of acute kidney injury but it also has a potential role in predicting long-term renal outcome. This review summarizes the relationships between KIM-1 and kidney injury, especially in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yin
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
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Ahmed SA, Hamed MA. Kidney injury molecule-1 as a predicting factor for inflamed kidney, diabetic and diabetic nephropathy Egyptian patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:6. [PMID: 25741477 PMCID: PMC4347934 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a recently discovered transmembrane protein, is expressed in dedifferentiated proximal renal tubular epithelial cells in damaged regions. Kidney injury early detection in diabetic patients has great importance for therapy and prognosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to predict, validate and evaluate the presence of KIM-1 in kidney inflammation, dialectic and diabetic nephropathy diseases. METHODS Sixty males and females subjects (30-52 years) were selected for this study. They were subdivided into three main groups; kidney injury, diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients. The work was extended to evaluate KIM-1 after treatment of each disease. RESULTS The results revealed significant elevation of KIM-1 in the diseased groups and a noticeable reduction after treatment. Diabetic nephropathy recorded the highest KIM-1 level than the AKI state or the diabetic patients. We noticed an association between KIM-1 and sex and a positive correlation (p < 0.0001) with the disease severity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, urinary KIM-1 has been reported to be a noninvasive, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible biomarker to detect early kidney injury. We speculate that KIM-1 is expected to be a therapeutic target for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Ahmed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., ID: 60014618 Dokki Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., ID: 60014618 Dokki Cairo, Egypt
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Lopez-Giacoman S, Madero M. Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease, from kidney function to kidney damage. World J Nephrol 2015; 4:57-73. [PMID: 25664247 PMCID: PMC4317628 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v4.i1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically evolves over many years, with a long latent period when the disease is clinically silent and therefore diagnosis, evaluation and treatment is based mainly on biomarkers that assess kidney function. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains the ideal marker of kidney function. Unfortunately measuring GFR is time consuming and therefore GFR is usually estimated from equations that take into account endogenous filtration markers like serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (CysC). Other biomarkers such as albuminuria may precede kidney function decline and have demonstrated to have strong associations with disease progression and outcomes. New potential biomarkers have arisen with the promise of detecting kidney damage prior to the currently used markers. The aim of this review is to discuss the utility of the GFR estimating equations and biomarkers in CKD and the different clinical settings where these should be applied. The CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation performs better than the modification of diet in renal disease equation, especially at GFR above 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Equations combining CysC and SCr perform better than the equations using either CysC or SCr alone and are recommended in situations where CKD needs to be confirmed. Combining creatinine, CysC and urine albumin to creatinine ratio improves risk stratification for kidney disease progression and mortality. Kidney injury molecule and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are considered reasonable biomarkers in urine and plasma to determine severity and prognosis of CKD.
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Carlsson AC, Larsson A, Helmersson-Karlqvist J, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Larsson TE, Bottai M, Sundström J, Ärnlöv J. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in elderly men. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:1393-401. [PMID: 24923577 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) has been suggested as a clinically relevant highly specific biomarker of acute kidney tubular damage. However, community-based data on the association between urinary levels of KIM-1 and the risk for cardiovascular mortality are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary KIM-1 and cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This was a prospective study, using the community-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (N=590; mean age 77 years; baseline period, 1997-2001; median follow-up 8.1 years; end of follow-up, 2008). RESULTS During follow-up, 89 participants died of cardiovascular causes (incidence rate, 2.07 per 100 person-years at risk). Models were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (age, systolic BP, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, antihypertensive treatment, lipid-lowering treatment, aspirin treatment, and history of cardiovascular disease) and for markers of kidney dysfunction and damage (cystatin C-based eGFR and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio). Higher urinary KIM-1/creatinine (from 24-hour urine collections) was associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio per SD increase, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05 to 1.54; P=0.01). Participants with a combination of high KIM-1/creatinine (upper quintile, ≥175 ng/mmol), low eGFR (≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio≥3 g/mol) had a >8-fold increased risk compared with participants with low KIM-1/creatinine (<175 ng/mmol), normal eGFR (>60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and normoalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio<3 g/mol) (hazard ratio, 8.56; 95% CI, 4.17 to 17.56; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that higher urinary KIM-1 may predispose to a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality independently of established cardiovascular risk factors, eGFR, and albuminuria. Additional studies are needed to further assess the utility of measuring KIM-1 in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel C Carlsson
- Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, and
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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14
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Zhang Q, Luan H, Wang L, He F, Zhou H, Xu X, Li X, Xu Q, Niki T, Hirashima M, Xu G, Lv Y, Yuan J. Galectin-9 ameliorates anti-GBM glomerulonephritis by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 immune responses in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F822-32. [PMID: 24477688 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00294.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN) is a Th1- and Th17-predominant autoimmune disease. Galectin-9 (Gal-9), identified as the ligand of Tim-3, functions in diverse biological processes and leads to the apoptosis of CD4(+)Tim-3(+) T cells. It is still unclear how Gal-9 regulates the functions of Th1 and Th17 cells and prevents renal injury in anti-GBM GN. In this study, Gal-9 was administered to anti-GBM GN mice for 7 days. We found that Gal-9 retarded the increase of Scr, ameliorated renal tubular injury, and reduced the formation of crescents. The infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells into the spleen and kidneys significantly decreased in Gal-9-treated nephritic mice. The reduced infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells might be associated with the downregulation of CCL-20, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10 mRNAs in the kidney. In parallel, the blood levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A declined in Gal-9-treated nephritic mice at days 21 and 28. In addition, an enhanced Th2 cell-mediated immune response was observed in the kidneys of nephritic mice after a 7-day injection of Gal-9. In conclusion, the protective role of Gal-9 in anti-GBM GN is associated with the inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated immune responses and enhanced Th2 immunity in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the new findings about the physiological roles of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and the rapidly expanding evidence for this molecule as a promising biomarker in preclinical kidney toxicity evaluation and various human kidney diseases. RECENT FINDINGS KIM-1 has attracted increasing interest because of its possible pathophysiological role in modulating tubular damage and repair. There is rapidly accumulating evidence from both animal models and clinical studies that urinary KIM-1 is a sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for various forms of nephrotoxic injury, cardiac surgery-induced kidney injury, transplant rejection, and chronic kidney diseases. SUMMARY KIM-1 mediates epithelial phagocytosis in the injured kidney converting the proximal epithelial cell into a phagocyte, with potentially important pathophysiological implications for modulation of the immune response and repair process after injury. KIM-1 serves as a highly sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for kidney injury and may also be a therapeutic target for various kidney diseases.
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Humphreys BD, Xu F, Sabbisetti V, Grgic I, Movahedi Naini S, Wang N, Chen G, Xiao S, Patel D, Henderson JM, Ichimura T, Mou S, Soeung S, McMahon AP, Kuchroo VK, Bonventre JV. Chronic epithelial kidney injury molecule-1 expression causes murine kidney fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4023-35. [PMID: 23979159 DOI: 10.1172/jci45361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury predisposes patients to the development of both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, but the molecular details underlying this important clinical association remain obscure. We report that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phosphatidylserine receptor expressed transiently after acute injury and chronically in fibrotic renal disease, promotes kidney fibrosis. Conditional expression of KIM-1 in renal epithelial cells (Kim1(RECtg)) in the absence of an injury stimulus resulted in focal epithelial vacuolization at birth, but otherwise normal tubule histology and kidney function. By 4 weeks of age, Kim1(RECtg) mice developed spontaneous and progressive interstitial kidney inflammation with fibrosis, leading to renal failure with anemia, proteinuria, hyperphosphatemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and death, analogous to progressive kidney disease in humans. Kim1(RECtg) kidneys had elevated expression of proinflammatory monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) at early time points. Heterologous expression of KIM-1 in an immortalized proximal tubule cell line triggered MCP-1 secretion and increased MCP-1-dependent macrophage chemotaxis. In mice expressing a mutant, truncated KIM-1 polypeptide, experimental kidney fibrosis was ameliorated with reduced levels of MCP-1, consistent with a profibrotic role for native KIM-1. Thus, sustained KIM-1 expression promotes kidney fibrosis and provides a link between acute and recurrent injury with progressive chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Humphreys
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Natriuretic peptides and troponins have been extensively studied and used in heart failure, and their value has been extensively discussed. Renal markers, such as cystasin-C, NGAL, and KIM-1, have shown growing utility in heart failure. The activation of compensatory pathways and ongoing hemodynamic changes result in the release of biomarkers that can be monitored to chart disease progression and possibly target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Chowdhury
- Department of Cardiology, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92101, USA.
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18
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Rennert PD. Novel roles for TIM-1 in immunity and infection. Immunol Lett 2011; 141:28-35. [PMID: 21911007 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
T cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1) is the nominant member of a small family of related proteins that regulate immune cell activities. TIM-1 was initially characterized in a mouse congenic analysis of Th2 T cell responses and related pathology. Data accumulated to date suggest that TIM-1 regulates effector T cell function, and may play distinct roles in the activities of B cells, invariant NKT cells and epithelial cells. In addition, a variety of ligands for TIM-1 have been proposed. In this review I discuss recent data that have accumulated on the function of TIM-1, propose a model to explain how TIM-1 regulates effector T cell activity through recognition of distinct ligands, and review others functions of this increasingly fascinating protein. Of considerable interest are the novel findings that TIM-1 mediates virus entry and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Rennert
- Department of Molecular Discovery and Immunobiology, Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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Li B, Castano AP, Hudson TE, Nowlin BT, Lin SL, Bonventre JV, Swanson KD, Duffield JS. The melanoma‐associated transmembrane glycoprotein Gpnmb controls trafficking of cellular debris for degradation and is essential for tissue repair. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10.154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research Boston Massachusetts USA
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Nephrology2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Ana P. Castano
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research Boston Massachusetts USA
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Thomas E. Hudson
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research Boston Massachusetts USA
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Brian T. Nowlin
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research Boston Massachusetts USA
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research Boston Massachusetts USA
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kenneth D. Swanson
- Department of Nephrology2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
- Division of Signal TransductionBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jeremy S. Duffield
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research Boston Massachusetts USA
- Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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20
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Li B, Castano AP, Hudson TE, Nowlin BT, Lin SL, Bonventre JV, Swanson KD, Duffield JS. The melanoma-associated transmembrane glycoprotein Gpnmb controls trafficking of cellular debris for degradation and is essential for tissue repair. FASEB J 2010; 24:4767-81. [PMID: 20709912 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney damage due to injury rarely resolves completely, and there are currently no therapies capable of promoting repair. In addition to understanding mechanisms by which tissues are damaged, illuminating mechanisms of repair and regeneration is also of great importance. Here we show that the melanoma-associated, transmembrane glycoprotein, Gpnmb, is up-regulated 15-fold following ischemic damage in kidney tissue and by more than 10-fold in macrophages and 3-fold in surviving epithelial cells. Gpnmb-expressing macrophages and epithelial cells were found to contain apoptotic bodies at 3 times the rate of nonexpressing cells. Either mutation of Gpnmb or ablation of inflammatory macrophages prevents normal repair of the kidney. Significantly, the kidneys from postischemic Gpnmb mutant mice exhibited a 5-fold increase in apoptotic cellular debris compared to wild-type mice. These mice also experienced an 85% increase in mortality following bilateral ischemic kidney. Finally, we demonstrate that Gpnmb is a phagocytic protein that is necessary for recruitment of the autophagy protein LC3 to the phagosome where these proteins are colocalized and for lysosomal fusion with the phagosome and hence bulk degradation of their content. Therefore, Gpnmb is a novel prorepair gene that is necessary for crosstalk between the macroautophagic degradation pathway and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Laboratory of Inflammation Research, Brigham and Womens Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Garwood S. Cardiac surgery-associated acute renal injury: new paradigms and innovative therapies. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24:990-1001. [PMID: 20702119 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Garwood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8051, USA.
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22
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Searching for novel intercellular signal-transducing molecules in the kidney and their clinical application. Clin Exp Nephrol 2010; 14:523-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-010-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Huo W, Zhang K, Nie Z, Li Q, Jin F. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1): a novel kidney-specific injury molecule playing potential double-edged functions in kidney injury. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2010; 24:143-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Swain A, Turton J, Scudamore CL, Pereira I, Viswanathan N, Smyth R, Munday M, McClure F, Gandhi M, Sondh S, York M. Urinary biomarkers in hexachloro-1:3-butadiene-induced acute kidney injury in the female Hanover Wistar rat; correlation ofα-glutathioneS-transferase, albumin and kidney injury molecule-1 with histopathology and gene expression. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 31:366-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Swain
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - John Turton
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; 3rd Floor Research Laboratories, 67 Riding House Street London W1W 7EJ UK
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Ines Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Neeti Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Rosemary Smyth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Michael Munday
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Fiona McClure
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Mitul Gandhi
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Surjit Sondh
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Malcolm York
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
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