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Samouilidou EC, Liaouri A, Kostopoulos V, Nikas D, Grapsa E. The importance of paraoxonase 1 activity in chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2376930. [PMID: 38982880 PMCID: PMC11238655 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2376930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is one of the most significant antioxidative enzymes associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). It has been proved that is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between PON1 and CKD seems to be mutual, such that the disease produces a significant decrease in PON1 activity levels, while the genetics of PON1 may affect the risk of susceptibility to CKD. Recent studies reveal that the decrease in serum PON1 activity observed in non-dialyzed and dialyzed CKD patients as well as in renal transplant (RT) patients is linked to an increased vulnerability to atherosclerosis. We intend to summarize current literature concerning PON1 activity in CKD, highlighting on the main determinants of PON1 activity, its association with oxidative stress, the impact of its genetic polymorphism on the disease development, the effect of drugs and nutritional state. Furthermore, evidence supporting the implication of reduced PON1 activity in the incident of cardiovascular disease in CKD patients, is also examined. It appears that despite the lack of standardization of PON1 activity measurement, PON1 remains a valuable biomarker for the researchers through the last decades, which contributes to the assessment of the antioxidant status having prognostic benefit on adverse clinical outcomes at various stages and etiologies of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dimitris Nikas
- Department of Biochemistry, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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2
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Awwad A, Rhee EP, Grams M, Choles HR, Sondheimer J, He J, Chen J, Hsu CY, Vasan RS, Kimmel PL, Wulczyn K, Berg A, Lash J, Tang M, Kalim S. Comparative CKD risk prediction using homocitrulline and carbamylated albumin: two circulating markers of protein carbamylation. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:185. [PMID: 38816682 PMCID: PMC11140876 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein carbamylation, a post-translational protein modification primarily driven by urea, independently associates with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Biomarkers used to quantify carbamylation burden have mainly included carbamylated albumin (C-Alb) and homocitrulline (HCit, carbamylated lysine). In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic utility of these two markers in order to facilitate comparisons of existing studies employing either marker alone, and to inform future carbamylation studies. METHODS Both serum C-Alb and free HCit levels were assayed from the same timepoint in 1632 individuals with CKD stages 2-4 enrolled in the prospective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess risks for the outcomes of death (primary) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) using each marker. C-statistics, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement were used to compare the prognostic value of each marker. RESULTS Participant demographics included mean (SD) age 59 (11) years; 702 (43%) females; 700 (43%) white. C-Alb and HCit levels were positively correlated with one another (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.64). Higher C-Alb and HCit levels showed similar increased risk of death (e.g., the adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for death in the 4th carbamylation quartile compared to the 1st was 1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-2.66) for C-Alb, and 1.89 [1.27-2.81] for HCit; and on a continuous scale, the adjusted HR for death using C-Alb was 1.24 [1.11 to 1.39] per standard deviation increase, and 1.27 [1.10-1.46] using HCit). Both biomarkers also had similar HRs for ESKD. The C-statistics were similar when adding each carbamylation biomarker to base models (e.g., for mortality models, the C-statistic was 0.725 [0.707-0.743] with C-Alb and 0.725 [0.707-0.743] with HCit, both compared to a base model 0.723). Similarities were also observed for the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement metrics. CONCLUSIONS C-Alb and HCit had similar performance across multiple prognostic assessments. The markers appear readily comparable in CKD epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Awwad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Grams
- Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hernan Rincon Choles
- Department of Nephrology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Sondheimer
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chi-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Kimmel
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kendra Wulczyn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jim Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mengyao Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Vondenhoff S, Schunk SJ, Noels H. Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Herz 2024; 49:95-104. [PMID: 38416185 PMCID: PMC10917854 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-024-05235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of patients with CKD developing CVD is manifested already in the early stages of CKD development. The impact of declined kidney function on increased cardiovascular risk and the underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. This review discusses the impact of (a) traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension as well as (b) CKD-specific pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The latter include uremic toxins, post-translational modifications and uremic lipids, innate immune cell activation and inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased coagulation and altered platelet responses, vascular calcification, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) and sympathetic activation, as well as anemia. Unraveling the complex interplay of different risk factors, especially in the context of patient subcohorts, will help to find new therapeutic approaches in order to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vondenhoff
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Biochemistry Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Research (AMICARE), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Curaj A, Vanholder R, Loscalzo J, Quach K, Wu Z, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Cardiovascular Consequences of Uremic Metabolites: an Overview of the Involved Signaling Pathways. Circ Res 2024; 134:592-613. [PMID: 38422175 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The crosstalk of the heart with distant organs such as the lung, liver, gut, and kidney has been intensively approached lately. The kidney is involved in (1) the production of systemic relevant products, such as renin, as part of the most essential vasoregulatory system of the human body, and (2) in the clearance of metabolites with systemic and organ effects. Metabolic residue accumulation during kidney dysfunction is known to determine cardiovascular pathologies such as endothelial activation/dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and vascular and valvular calcification, leading to hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathies. However, this review offers an overview of the uremic metabolites and details their signaling pathways involved in cardiorenal syndrome and the development of heart failure. A holistic view of the metabolites, but more importantly, an exhaustive crosstalk of their known signaling pathways, is important for depicting new therapeutic strategies in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Curaj
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
| | - Kaiseng Quach
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.J.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (J.J.)
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5
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Wu W, Wu W, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Zhuang S, Zhong C, Li W, Li A, Zhao W, Yin X, Zu X, Chak-Lui Wong C, Yin D, Hu K, Cai M. The dePARylase NUDT16 promotes radiation resistance of cancer cells by blocking SETD3 for degradation via reversing its ADP-ribosylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105671. [PMID: 38272222 PMCID: PMC10926213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a critical posttranslational modification that plays a vital role in maintaining genomic stability via a variety of molecular mechanisms, including activation of replication stress and the DNA damage response. The nudix hydrolase NUDT16 was recently identified as a phosphodiesterase that is responsible for removing ADP-ribose units and that plays an important role in DNA repair. However, the roles of NUDT16 in coordinating replication stress and cell cycle progression remain elusive. Here, we report that SETD3, which is a member of the SET-domain containing protein (SETD) family, is a novel substrate for NUDT16, that its protein levels fluctuate during cell cycle progression, and that its stability is strictly regulated by NUDT16-mediated dePARylation. Moreover, our data indicated that the E3 ligase CHFR is responsible for the recognition and degradation of endogenous SETD3 in a PARP1-mediated PARylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we revealed that SETD3 associates with BRCA2 and promotes its recruitment to stalled replication fork and DNA damage sites upon replication stress or DNA double-strand breaks, respectively. Importantly, depletion of SETD3 in NUDT16-deficient cells did not further exacerbate DNA breaks or enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to IR exposure, suggesting that the NUDT16-SETD3 pathway may play critical roles in the induction of tolerance to radiotherapy. Collectively, these data showed that NUDT16 functions as a key upstream regulator of SETD3 protein stability by reversing the ADP-ribosylation of SETD3, and NUDT16 participates in the resolution of replication stress and facilitates HR repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingshi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aixin Li
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wanzhen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomin Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Manbo Cai
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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6
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Lawer A, Schulz L, Sawyer R, Liu X. Harmony of Protein Tags and Chimeric Molecules Empowers Targeted Protein Ubiquitination and Beyond. Cells 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38474390 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial mechanisms that underlie the intricacies of biological systems and disease mechanisms. This review focuses on the latest advancements in the design of heterobifunctional small molecules that hijack PTM machineries for target-specific modifications in living systems. A key innovation in this field is the development of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which promote the ubiquitination of target proteins for proteasomal degradation. The past decade has seen several adaptations of the PROTAC concept to facilitate targeted (de)phosphorylation and acetylation. Protein fusion tags have been particularly vital in these proof-of-concept studies, aiding in the investigation of the functional roles of post-translationally modified proteins linked to diseases. This overview delves into protein-tagging strategies that enable the targeted modulation of ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and acetylation, emphasizing the synergies and challenges of integrating heterobifunctional molecules with protein tags in PTM research. Despite significant progress, many PTMs remain to be explored, and protein tag-assisted PTM-inducing chimeras will continue to play an important role in understanding the fundamental roles of protein PTMs and in exploring the therapeutic potential of manipulating protein modifications, particularly for targets not yet addressed by existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggie Lawer
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Luke Schulz
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Renata Sawyer
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Xuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
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7
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Zafar S, Fatima SI, Schmitz M, Zerr I. Current Technologies Unraveling the Significance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) as Crucial Players in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:118. [PMID: 38254718 PMCID: PMC10813409 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, are identified and characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and neuronal dysfunction, resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. Recent research has shown the importance of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, nitration, truncation, O-GlcNAcylation, and hydroxylation, in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. PTMs can alter protein structure and function, affecting protein stability, localization, interactions, and enzymatic activity. Aberrant PTMs can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation, impaired degradation, and clearance, and ultimately, to neuronal dysfunction and death. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the PTMs involved in neurodegeneration, their underlying mechanisms, methods to isolate PTMs, and the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. The PTMs discussed in this article include tau phosphorylation, α-synuclein and Huntingtin ubiquitination, histone acetylation and methylation, and RNA modifications. Understanding the role of PTMs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new therapeutic strategies for these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzadi Irum Fatima
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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8
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Yao D, Mei S, Tang W, Xu X, Lu Q, Shi Z. AAAKB: A manually curated database for tracking and predicting genes of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289966. [PMID: 38100461 PMCID: PMC10723669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an extremely dangerous vascular disease with high mortality, causes massive internal bleeding due to aneurysm rupture. To boost the research on AAA, efforts should be taken to organize and link the information about AAA-related genes and their functions. Currently, most researchers screen through genetic databases manually, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. Here, we developed "AAAKB" a manually curated knowledgebase containing genes, SNPs and pathways associated with AAA. In order to facilitate researchers to further explore the mechanism network of AAA, AAAKB provides predicted genes that are potentially associated with AAA. The prediction is based on the protein interaction information of genes collected in the database, and the random forest algorithm (RF) is used to build the prediction model. Some of these predicted genes are differentially expressed in patients with AAA, and some have been reported to play a role in other cardiovascular diseases, illustrating the utility of the knowledgebase in predicting novel genes. Also, AAAKB integrates a protein interaction visualization tool to quickly determine the shortest paths between target proteins. As the first knowledgebase to provide a comprehensive catalog of AAA-related genes, AAAKB will be an ideal research platform for AAA. Database URL: http://www.lqlgroup.cn:3838/AAAKB/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yao
- Institute of Industrial Internet and Internet of Things, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), China
| | - Shuyuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangyang Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xue Q, Yang Y, Li H, Li X, Zou L, Li T, Ma H, Qi H, Wang J, Yu T. Functions and mechanisms of protein lysine butyrylation (Kbu): Therapeutic implications in human diseases. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2479-2490. [PMID: 37554202 PMCID: PMC10404885 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) are covalent modifications of proteins or peptides caused by proteolytic cleavage or the attachment of moieties to one or more amino acids. PTMs play essential roles in biological function and regulation and have been linked with several diseases. Modifications of protein acylation (Kac), a type of PTM, are known to induce epigenetic regulatory processes that promote various diseases. Thus, an increasing number of studies focusing on acylation modifications are being undertaken. Butyrylation (Kbu) is a new acylation process found in animals and plants. Kbu has been recently linked to the onset and progression of several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and vascular dementia. Moreover, the mode of action of certain drugs used in the treatment of lymphoma and colon cancer is based on the regulation of butyrylation levels, suggesting that butyrylation may play a therapeutic role in these diseases. In addition, butyrylation is also commonly involved in rice gene expression and thus plays an important role in the growth, development, and metabolism of rice. The tools and analytical methods that could be utilized for the prediction and detection of lysine butyrylation have also been investigated. This study reviews the potential role of histone Kbu, as well as the mechanisms underlying this process. It also summarizes various enzymes and analytical methods associated with Kbu, with the goal of providing new insights into the role of Kbu in gene regulation and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xue
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Hong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory. The Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Huibo Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Hongzhao Qi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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10
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Tan R, Li D, Hu N, Qiu J, Zeng Z, Cai W, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Pai P, Wang K, Tang D, Dai Y. Integrated proteome and malonylome analyses reveal the potential meaning of TLN1 and ACTB in end-stage renal disease. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 37833721 PMCID: PMC10571336 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a condition that is characterized by the loss of kidney function. ESRD patients suffer from various endothelial dysfunctions, inflammation, and immune system defects. Lysine malonylation (Kmal) is a recently discovered post-translational modification (PTM). Although Kmal has the ability to regulate a wide range of biological processes in various organisms, its specific role in ESRD is limited. METHODS In this study, the affinity enrichment and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques have been used to create the first global proteome and malonyl proteome (malonylome) profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from twenty patients with ESRD and eighty-one controls. RESULTS On analysis, 793 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 12 differentially malonylated proteins (DMPs) with 16 Kmal sites were identified. The Rap1 signaling pathway and platelet activation pathway were found to be important in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as were DMPs TLN1 and ACTB, as well as one malonylated site. One conserved Kmal motif was also discovered. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided the first report on the Kmal profile in ESRD, which could be useful in understanding the potential role of lysine malonylation modification in the development of ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqi Tan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
- Experimental Center, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Zhong
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Pearl Pai
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China.
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11
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Mapuskar KA, Pulliam CF, Zepeda-Orozco D, Griffin BR, Furqan M, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Redox Regulation of Nrf2 in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37760031 PMCID: PMC10525889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is marred by severe nephrotoxicity that is governed by mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. The transcription factor Nrf2, pivotal in cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, upregulating antioxidants and cytoprotective genes under oxidative stress. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced kidney injury, focusing on the role of Nrf2 in cancer therapy and its redox regulation in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. We also explore Nrf2's signaling pathways, post-translational modifications, and its involvement in autophagy, as well as examine redox-based strategies for modulating Nrf2 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury while considering the limitations and potential off-target effects of Nrf2 modulation. Understanding the redox regulation of Nrf2 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury holds significant promise for developing novel therapeutic interventions. This knowledge could provide valuable insights into potential strategies for mitigating the nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin, ultimately enhancing the safety and efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Casey F. Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Griffin
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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12
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Long CC, Antevska A, Mast DH, Okyem S, Sweedler JV, Do TD. Nonenzymatic Posttranslational Modifications and Peptide Cleavages Observed in Peptide Epimers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1898-1907. [PMID: 37102735 PMCID: PMC10524105 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play vital roles in cellular homeostasis and are implicated in various pathological conditions. This work uses two ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) modalities, drift-tube IMS (DT-IMS) and trapped IMS (TIMS), to characterize three important nonenzymatic PTMs that induce no mass loss: l/d isomerization, aspartate/isoaspartate isomerization, and cis/trans proline isomerization. These PTMs are assessed in a single peptide system, the recently discovered pleurin peptides, Plrn2, from Aplysia californica. We determine that the DT-IMS-MS/MS can capture and locate asparagine deamidation into aspartate and its subsequent isomerization to isoaspartate, a key biomarker for age-related diseases. Additionally, nonenzymatic peptide cleavage via in-source fragmentation is evaluated for differences in the intensities and patterns of fragment peaks between these PTMs. Peptide fragments resulting from in-source fragmentation, preceded by peptide denaturation by liquid chromatography (LC) mobile phase, exhibited cis/trans proline isomerization. Finally, the effects of differing the fragmentation voltage at the source and solution-based denaturation conditions on in-source fragmentation profiles are evaluated, confirming that LC denaturation and in-source fragmentation profoundly impact N-terminal peptide bond cleavages of Plrn2 and the structures of their fragment ions. With that, LC-IMS-MS/MS coupled with in-source fragmentation could be a robust method to identify three important posttranslational modifications: l/d isomerization, Asn-deamidation leading to Asp/IsoAsp isomerization, and cis/trans proline isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor C. Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | - David H. Mast
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Samuel Okyem
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Thanh D. Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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13
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Kalim S, Zhao S, Tang M, Rhee EP, Allegretti AS, Nigwekar S, Karumanchi SA, Lash JP, Berg AH. Protein Carbamylation and the Risk of ESKD in Patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:876-885. [PMID: 36757153 PMCID: PMC10125635 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Protein carbamylation, a nonenzymatic post-translational protein modification partially driven by elevated blood urea levels, associates with mortality and adverse outcomes in patients with ESKD on dialysis. However, little is known about carbamylation's relationship to clinical outcomes in the much larger population of patients with earlier stages of CKD. In this prospective observational cohort study of 3111 individuals with CKD stages 2-4, higher levels of carbamylated albumin (a marker of protein carbamylation burden) were associated with a greater risk of developing ESKD and other significant adverse clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that protein carbamylation is an independent risk factor for CKD progression. They suggest that further study of therapeutic interventions to prevent or reduce carbamylation is warranted. BACKGROUND Protein carbamylation, a post-translational protein modification partially driven by elevated blood urea levels, associates with adverse outcomes in ESKD. However, little is known about protein carbamylation's relationship to clinical outcomes in the much larger population of patients with earlier stages of CKD. METHODS To test associations between protein carbamylation and the primary outcome of progression to ESKD, we measured baseline serum carbamylated albumin (C-Alb) in 3111 patients with CKD stages 2-4 enrolled in the prospective observational Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study. RESULTS The mean age of study participants was 59 years (SD 10.8); 1358 (43.7%) were female, and 1334 (42.9%) were White. The mean eGFR at the time of C-Alb assessment was 41.8 (16.4) ml/minute per 1.73 m 2 , and the median C-Alb value was 7.8 mmol/mol (interquartile range, 5.8-10.7). During an average of 7.9 (4.1) years of follow-up, 981 (31.5%) individuals developed ESKD. In multivariable adjusted Cox models, higher C-Alb (continuous or quartiles) independently associated with an increased risk of ESKD. For example, compared with quartile 1 (C-Alb ≤5.80 mmol/mol), those in quartile 4 (C-Alb >10.71 mmol/mol) had a greater risk for ESKD (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.75 to 2.99), and the ESKD incidence rate per 1000 patient-years increased from 15.7 to 88.5 from quartile 1 to quartile 4. The results remained significant across numerous subgroup analyses, when treating death as a competing event, and using different assessments of eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Having a higher level of protein carbamylation as measured by circulating C-Alb is an independent risk factor for ESKD in individuals with CKD stages 2-4. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2023_04_24_JSN_URE_EP22_042423.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Analytica Now, Brookline, Massachusetts
| | - Mengyao Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S. Allegretti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sagar Nigwekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - James P. Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anders H. Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Wang Y, Peng M, Zhong Y, Xiong W, Zhu L, Jin X. The E3 ligase RBCK1 reduces the sensitivity of ccRCC to sunitinib through the ANKRD35-MITD1-ANXA1 axis. Oncogene 2023; 42:952-966. [PMID: 36732658 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sunitinib, in the extension of survival time in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression or metastasis, the patients eventually succumb to inevitable drug resistance. Protein degradation executed by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome system played an important role in determining the sensitivity of ccRCC to sunitinib. Here, we applied the bioinformatic analysis to identify that E3 ligase RBCK1 was elevated in the sunitinib-resistant renal cancer cell lines or patient specimens. The subsequent in vitro or in vivo studies demonstrated that RBCK1 contributed to decreasing the sensitivity of ccRCC to sunitinib. Then, we showed that inhibition of RBCK1 inactivated the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which might be one of the main reasons why RBCK1 induces sunitinib resistance in ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, our results indicated that RBCK1 promotes the degradation of ANKRD35 and that ANKRD35 destabilizes MITD1 by binding with SUMO2 in ccRCC cells. In addition, we showed that the RBCK1-ANKRD35-MITD1-ANXA1 axis regulates the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK and contributes to the dysregulation of sunitinib in ccRCC cells. Therefore, we identified a novel mechanism for regulating the sensitivity of sunitinib in ccRCC. Therefore, we elucidated a novel mechanism by which RBCK1 regulates sunitinib sensitivity in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Mou Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yawen Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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15
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The current state of amyloidosis therapeutics and the potential role of fluorine in their treatment. Biochimie 2022; 202:123-135. [PMID: 35963462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis, commonly known as amyloid-associated diseases, is characterized by improperly folded proteins accumulating in tissues and eventually causing organ damage, which is linked to several disorders ranging from neurodegenerative to peripheral diseases. It has an enormous societal and financial impact on the global health sector. Due to the complexity of protein misfolding and intertwined aggregation, there are no effective disease-modifying medications at present, and the condition is likely mis/non-diagnosed half of the time. Nonetheless, over the last two decades, substantial research into aggregation processes has revealed the possibilities of new intervention approaches. On the other hand, fluorine has been a rising star in therapeutic development for numerous neurodegenerative illnesses and other peripheral diseases. In this study, we revised and emphasized the possible significance of fluorine-modified therapeutic molecules and fluorine-modified nanoparticles (NPs) in the modulation of amyloidogenic proteins, including insulin, amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), prion protein (PrP), transthyretin (TTR) and Huntingtin (htt).
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16
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Hu JR, Sugeng L. Routine Cardiac Stress Testing in Potential Kidney Transplant Candidates Is Only Appropriate in Symptomatic Individuals: CON. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:2013-2016. [PMID: 36591343 PMCID: PMC9802547 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007162021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Ruey Hu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lissa Sugeng
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Garavaglia ML, Giustarini D, Colombo G, Reggiani F, Finazzi S, Calatroni M, Landoni L, Portinaro NM, Milzani A, Badalamenti S, Rossi R, Dalle-Donne I. Blood Thiol Redox State in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052853. [PMID: 35269995 PMCID: PMC8911004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Finazzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marta Calatroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Landoni
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy or (F.R.); (S.F.); or (M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018–2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (G.C.); (L.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (I.D.-D.)
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18
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Srivastava A, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Mulay SR, Scholze A. Involvement of Inflammasome Components in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020246. [PMID: 35204131 PMCID: PMC8868482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes with an important role in the innate immune response. Canonical activation of inflammasomes results in caspase-1 activation and maturation of cytokines interleukin-1β and -18. These cytokines can elicit their effects through receptor activation, both locally within a certain tissue and systemically. Animal models of kidney diseases have shown inflammasome involvement in inflammation, pyroptosis and fibrosis. In particular, the inflammasome component nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and related canonical mechanisms have been investigated. However, it has become increasingly clear that other inflammasome components are also of importance in kidney disease. Moreover, it is becoming obvious that the range of molecular interaction partners of inflammasome components in kidney diseases is wide. This review provides insights into these current areas of research, with special emphasis on the interaction of inflammasome components and redox signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial function. We present our findings separately for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. As we strictly divided the results into preclinical and clinical data, this review enables comparison of results from those complementary research specialities. However, it also reveals that knowledge gaps exist, especially in clinical acute kidney injury inflammasome research. Furthermore, patient comorbidities and treatments seem important drivers of inflammasome component alterations in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Shrikant R. Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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19
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Hermann J, Schurgers L, Jankowski V. Identification and characterization of post-translational modifications: Clinical implications. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101066. [PMID: 35033366 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) generate marginally modified isoforms of native peptides, proteins and lipoproteins thereby regulating protein functions, molecular interactions, and localization. With a key role in functional proteomics, post-translational modifications are recently also associated with the onsets and progressions of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases. With the impact of post-translational modifications becoming increasingly clear, its reliable detection and quantification remain a major obstacle in the translation of these novel pathological markers into clinical diagnosis. While current antibody-based clinical diagnostics struggle to detect and quantify these marginal protein and lipoprotein alterations, state-of-the-art mass spectrometric, proteomic approaches provide the mass accuracy and resolving power necessary to isolate, identify and quantify novel and pathological post-translational modifications; however clinical translation of mass spectrometric applications are still facing major challenges. Here we review the status quo of the clinical translation of mass-spectrometric applications as novel diagnostic tools for the identification and quantification of post-translational modifications and focus on the emerging role of mass spectrometric methods in the clinical assessment of PTMs in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Impact of Uremic Toxins on Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010531. [PMID: 35008960 PMCID: PMC8745705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated atherogenesis and enhanced thrombotic risk. Considering the central role of the endothelium in protecting from atherogenesis and thrombosis, as well as its cardioprotective role in regulating vasorelaxation, this study aimed to systematically integrate literature on CKD-associated endothelial dysfunction, including the underlying molecular mechanisms, into a comprehensive overview. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of literature describing uremic serum or uremic toxin-induced vascular dysfunction with a special focus on the endothelium. This revealed 39 studies analyzing the effects of uremic serum or the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, cyanate, modified LDL, the advanced glycation end products N-carboxymethyl-lysine and N-carboxyethyl-lysine, p-cresol and p-cresyl sulfate, phosphate, uric acid and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Most studies described an increase in inflammation, oxidative stress, leukocyte migration and adhesion, cell death and a thrombotic phenotype upon uremic conditions or uremic toxin treatment of endothelial cells. Cellular signaling pathways that were frequently activated included the ROS, MAPK/NF-κB, the Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor and RAGE pathways. Overall, this review provides detailed insights into pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Targeting these pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies reducing increased the cardiovascular risk in CKD.
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21
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Myeloid leukocytes' diverse effects on cardiovascular and systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:38. [PMID: 35896846 PMCID: PMC9329413 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease's prevalence rises globally. Whereas dialysis treatment replaces the kidney's filtering function and prolongs life, dreaded consequences in remote organs develop inevitably over time. Even milder reductions in kidney function not requiring replacement therapy associate with bacterial infections, cardiovascular and heart valve disease, which markedly limit prognosis in these patients. The array of complications is diverse and engages a wide gamut of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The innate immune system is profoundly and systemically altered in chronic kidney disease and, as a unifying element, partakes in many of the disease's complications. As such, a derailed immune system fuels cardiovascular disease progression but also elevates the propensity for serious bacterial infections. Recent data further point towards a role in developing calcific aortic valve stenosis. Here, we delineate the current state of knowledge on how chronic kidney disease affects innate immunity in cardiovascular organs and on a systemic level. We review the role of circulating myeloid cells, monocytes and neutrophils, resident macrophages, dendritic cells, ligands, and cellular pathways that are activated or suppressed when renal function is chronically impaired. Finally, we discuss myeloid cells' varying responses to uremia from a systems immunology perspective.
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22
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Kalim S, Berg AH, Karumanchi SA, Thadhani R, Allegretti AS, Nigwekar S, Zhao S, Srivastava A, Raj D, Deo R, Frydrych A, Chen J, Sondheimer J, Shafi T, Weir M, Lash JP. Protein carbamylation and chronic kidney disease progression in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:139-147. [PMID: 33661286 PMCID: PMC8719615 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein carbamylation is a post-translational protein modification caused, in part, by exposure to urea's dissociation product cyanate. Carbamylation is linked to cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in dialysis-dependent end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but its effects in earlier pre-dialysis stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not established. METHODS We conducted two nested case-control studies within the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. First, we matched 75 cases demonstrating CKD progression [50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction or reaching ESKD] to 75 controls (matched on baseline eGFR, 24-h proteinuria, age, sex and race). In the second study, we similarly matched 75 subjects who died during follow-up (cases) to 75 surviving controls. Baseline carbamylated albumin levels (C-Alb, a validated carbamylation assay) were compared between cases and controls in each study. RESULTS At baseline, in the CKD progression study, other than blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and smoking status, there were no significant differences in any matched or other parameter. In the mortality group, the only baseline difference was smoking status. Adjusting for baseline differences, the top tertile of C-Alb was associated with an increased risk of CKD progression [odds ratio (OR) = 7.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-32.8; P = 0.004] and mortality (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.0-11.4; P = 0.05) when compared with the bottom tertile. C-Alb correlated with eGFR but was more strongly correlated with BUN. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that protein carbamylation is a predictor of CKD progression, beyond traditional risks including eGFR and proteinuria. Carbamylation's association with mortality was smaller in this limited sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders H Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Thadhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Allegretti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sagar Nigwekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dominic Raj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rajat Deo
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Frydrych
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James Sondheimer
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tariq Shafi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Weir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Grigoryan H, Imani P, Dudoit S, Rappaport SM. Extending the HSA-Cys34-Adductomics Pipeline to Modifications at Lys525. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2549-2557. [PMID: 34788011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed an adductomics pipeline that employed nanoflow liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-HR-MS/MS) plus informatics to perform an untargeted detection of modifications to Cys34 in the tryptic T3 peptide of human serum albumin (HSA) (21ALVLIAFAQYLQQC34PFEDHVK41). In order to detect these peptide modifications without targeting specific masses, the pipeline interrogates MS2 ions that are signatures of the T3 peptide. The pipeline had been pilot-tested with archived plasma from healthy human subjects, and several of the 43 Cys34 adducts were highly associated with the smoking status. In the current investigation, we adapted the pipeline to include modifications to the ε-amino group of Lys525─a major glycation site in HSA─and thereby extend the coverage to products of Schiff bases that cannot be produced at Cys34. Because trypsin is generally unable to digest proteins at modified lysines, our pipeline detects miscleaved tryptic peptides with the sequence 525KQTALVELVK534. Adducts of both Lys525 and Cys34 are measured in a single nLC-HR-MS/MS run by increasing the mass range of precursor ions in MS1 scans and including both triply and doubly charged precursor ions for collision-induced dissociation fragmentation. For proof of principle, we applied the Cys34/Lys525 pipeline to archived plasma specimens from a subset of the same volunteer subjects used in the original investigation. Twelve modified Lys525 peptides were detected, including products of glycation (fructosyl-lysine plus advanced-glycated-end products), acetylation, and elimination of ammonia and water. Surprisingly, the carbamylated and glycated adducts were present at significantly lower levels in smoking subjects. By including a larger class of in vivo nucleophilic substitution reactions, the Cys34/Lys525 adductomics pipeline expands exposomic investigations of unknown human exposure to reactive electrophiles derived from both exogenous and endogenous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Grigoryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Partow Imani
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Salinas-Marín R, Castillo-Real LM, Pina-Canseco S, Cervera YP. An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751637. [PMID: 34869586 PMCID: PMC8635159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizet Monserrat Castillo-Real
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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25
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Schunk SJ, Hermann J, Sarakpi T, Triem S, Lellig M, Hahm E, Zewinger S, Schmit D, Becker E, Möllmann J, Lehrke M, Kramann R, Boor P, Lipp P, Laufs U, März W, Reiser J, Jankowski J, Fliser D, Speer T, Jankowski V. Guanidinylated Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) Associates with Kidney and Vascular Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:3146-3160. [PMID: 34588185 PMCID: PMC8638400 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coexistent CKD and cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in Western populations and account for substantial mortality. We recently found that apolipoprotein C-3 (ApoC3), a major constituent of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, induces sterile systemic inflammation by activating the NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human monocytes via an alternative pathway. METHODS To identify posttranslational modifications of ApoC3 in patients with CKD, we used mass spectrometry to analyze ApoC3 from such patients and from healthy individuals. We determined the effects of posttranslationally modified ApoC3 on monocyte inflammatory response in vitro, as well as in humanized mice subjected to unilateral ureter ligation (a kidney fibrosis model) and in a humanized mouse model for vascular injury and regeneration. Finally, we conducted a prospective observational trial of 543 patients with CKD to explore the association of posttranslationally modified ApoC3 with renal and cardiovascular events in such patients. RESULTS We identified significant posttranslational guanidinylation of ApoC3 (gApoC3) in patients with CKD. We also found that mechanistically, guanidine and urea induce guanidinylation of ApoC3. A 2D-proteomic analysis revealed that gApoC3 accumulated in kidneys and plasma in a CKD mouse model (mice fed an adenine-rich diet). In addition, gApoC3 augmented the proinflammatory effects of ApoC3 in monocytes in vitro . In humanized mice, gApoC3 promoted kidney tissue fibrosis and impeded vascular regeneration. In CKD patients, higher gApoC3 plasma levels (as determined by mass spectrometry) were associated with increased mortality as well as with renal and cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS Guanidinylation of ApoC3 represents a novel pathogenic mechanism in CKD and CKD-associated vascular injury, pointing to gApoC3 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Schunk
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamim Sarakpi
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Triem
- Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michaela Lellig
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eunsil Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Zewinger
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - David Schmit
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ellen Becker
- Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Möllmann
- Department of Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung (PZMS), Institute of Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Heidelberg, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastrich, The Netherlands
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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26
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Steenbeke M, Valkenburg S, Gryp T, Van Biesen W, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM, Glorieux G. Gut Microbiota and Their Derived Metabolites, a Search for Potential Targets to Limit Accumulation of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110809. [PMID: 34822593 PMCID: PMC8625482 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis with a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Levels of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of albumin increase with CKD, both risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relationship between fecal metabolites and plasma concentrations of PBUTs in different stages of CKD (n = 103) was explored. Estimated GFR tends to correlate with fecal butyric acid (BA) concentrations (rs = 0.212; p = 0.032), which, in its turn, correlates with the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Specific SCFAs correlate with concentrations of PBUT precursors in feces. Fecal levels of p-cresol correlate with its derived plasma UTs (p-cresyl sulfate: rs = 0.342, p < 0.001; p-cresyl glucuronide: rs = 0.268, p = 0.006), whereas an association was found between fecal and plasma levels of indole acetic acid (rs = 0.306; p = 0.002). Finally, the albumin symmetry factor correlates positively with eGFR (rs = 0.274; p = 0.005). The decreased abundance of SCFA-producing gut bacteria in parallel with the fecal concentration of BA and indole could compromise the intestinal barrier function in CKD. It is currently not known if this contributes to increased plasma levels of PBUTs, potentially playing a role in the PTMs of albumin. Further evaluation of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs as potential targets to restore both gut dysbiosis and uremia is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steenbeke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Valkenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Jankowski V, Saritas T, Kjolby M, Hermann J, Speer T, Himmelsbach A, Mahr K, Heuschkel MA, Schunk SJ, Thirup S, Winther S, Bottcher M, Nyegard M, Nykjaer A, Kramann R, Kaesler N, Jankowski J, Floege J, Marx N, Goettsch C. Carbamylated sortilin associates with cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 101:574-584. [PMID: 34767831 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin, an intracellular sorting receptor, has been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly susceptible to develop cardiovascular complications such as calcification. However, specific CKD-induced posttranslational protein modifications of sortilin and their link to cardiovascular calcification remain unknown. To investigate this, we examined two independent CKD cohorts for carbamylation of circulating sortilin and detected increased carbamylated sortilin lysine residues in the extracellular domain of sortilin with kidney function decline using targeted mass spectrometry. Structure analysis predicted altered ligand binding by carbamylated sortilin, which was verified by binding studies using surface plasmon resonance measurement, showing an increased affinity of interleukin 6 to in vitro carbamylated sortilin. Further, carbamylated sortilin increased vascular calcification in vitro and ex vivo that was accelerated by interleukin 6. Imaging by mass spectrometry of human calcified arteries revealed in situ carbamylated sortilin. In patients with CKD, sortilin carbamylation was associated with coronary artery calcification, independent of age and kidney function. Moreover, patients with carbamylated sortilin displayed significantly faster progression of coronary artery calcification than patients without sortilin carbamylation. Thus, carbamylated sortilin may be a risk factor for cardiovascular calcification and may contribute to elevated cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anika Himmelsbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mahr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Augusto Heuschkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Soren Thirup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Winther
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Morten Bottcher
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kaesler
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
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28
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Zheng F, Xu H, Huang S, Zhang C, Li S, Wang K, Dai W, Zhang X, Tang D, Dai Y. The Landscape and Potential Regulatory Mechanism of Lysine 2-Hydroxyisobutyrylation of Protein in End-Stage Renal Disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2021; 145:760-769. [PMID: 34515164 DOI: 10.1159/000518424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylation has a vital role in the pathogenesis of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a novel type of acetylation. In this study, we aimed to reveal the key features of Khib in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) of patients with ESRD. METHOD We combined TMT labeling with LC-MS/MS analysis to compare Khib modification of PBMCs between 20 ESRD patients and 20 healthy controls. The pan 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation antibody-based affinity enrichment method was used to reveal the features of Khib, and the bioinformatics analysis was conducted to analyze the pathology of these Khib-modified proteins. RESULT Compared to healthy controls, we identified 440 upregulated proteins and 552 downregulated proteins in PBMCs of ESRD, among which 579 Khib sites on 324 upregulated proteins and 287 Khib sites on 188 downregulated proteins were identified. The site abundance, distribution, and function of the Khib protein were further analyzed. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway was highly enriched in ESRD, suggesting that it might contribute to renal fibrosis in ESRD patients. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that Khib-modified proteins correlated with the occurrence and progression of ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, .,Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoying Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cantong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Wu Z, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Irreversible post-translational modifications - Emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 86:101010. [PMID: 34404548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensives, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies for primary prevention of cardiovascular and heart diseases (CVD), it remains the number one cause of death globally, raising the question for novel/further essential factors besides traditional risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure and coagulation. With continuous identification and characterization of non-enzymatic post-translationally modified isoforms of proteins and lipoproteins, it is becoming increasingly clear that irreversible non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (nPTMs) alter the biological functions of native proteins and lipoproteins thereby transforming innate serum components into CVD mediators. In particular renal insufficiency and metabolic imbalance are major contributors to the systemically increased concentration of reactive metabolites and thus increased frequency of nPTMs, promoting multi-morbid disease development centering around cardiovascular disease. nPTMs are significantly involved in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and represent a significant and novel risk factor. These insights represent potentially new avenues for risk assessment, prevention and therapy. This review chapter summarizes all forms of nPTMs found in CKD and under metabolic imbalance and discusses the biochemical connections between molecular alterations and the pathological impact on increased cardiovascular risk, novel nPTM-associated non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical implication of nPTM in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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30
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Noels H, Lehrke M, Vanholder R, Jankowski J. Lipoproteins and fatty acids in chronic kidney disease: molecular and metabolic alterations. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:528-542. [PMID: 33972752 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and homeostasis. These modifications can promote, modulate and/or accelerate CKD and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities - involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, LDL and/or HDL - not only involve changes in concentration but also changes in molecular structure, including protein composition, incorporation of small molecules and post-translational modifications. These alterations modify the function of lipoproteins and can trigger pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic processes, as well as oxidative stress. Serum fatty acid levels are also often altered in patients with CKD and lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism - a key process in intracellular energy production - that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular damage. These fatty acid changes might not only have a negative impact on the heart, but also contribute to the progression of kidney damage. The presence of these lipoprotein alterations within a biological environment characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the competing risk of non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular death as kidney function declines, has important therapeutic implications. Additional research is needed to clarify the pathophysiological link between lipid and lipoprotein modifications, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the genesis and/or progression of CVD in patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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31
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Yang Y, Wang H, Zhao H, Miao X, Guo Y, Zhuo L, Xu Y. A GSK3-SRF Axis Mediates Angiotensin II Induced Endothelin Transcription in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698254. [PMID: 34381779 PMCID: PMC8350349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin, encoded by ET1, is a vasoactive substance primarily synthesized in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Elevation of endothelin levels, due to transcriptional hyperactivation, has been observed in a host of cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that serum response factor (SRF) is a regulator of ET1 transcription in VECs. Here we report that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced ET1 transcription paralleled activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in cultured VECs. GSK3 knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition attenuated Ang II induced endothelin expression. Of interest, the effect of GSK3 on endothelin transcription relied on the conserved SRF motif within the ET1 promoter. Further analysis revealed that GSK3 interacted with and phosphorylated SRF at serine 224. Phosphorylation of SRF by GSK3 did not influence its recruitment to the ET1 promoter. Instead, GSK3-mediated SRF phosphorylation potentiated its interaction with MRTF-A, a key co-factor for SRF, which helped recruit the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 to the ET1 promoter resulting in augmented histone H3 acetylation/H3K4 trimethylation. Consistently, over-expression of a constitutively active GSK enhanced Ang II-induced ET1 transcription and knockdown of either MRTF-A or BRG1 abrogated the enhancement of ET1 transcription. In conclusion, our data highlight a previously unrecognized mechanism that contributes to the transcriptional regulation of endothelin. Targeting this GSK3-SRF axis may yield novel approaches in the intervention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Huidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lili Zhuo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Xiong J, Yu Z, Zhang D, Huang Y, Yang K, Zhao J. A Nomogram for Identifying Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1303-1313. [PMID: 34267510 PMCID: PMC8275156 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s312129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atherosclerosis contributes substantially to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). But precise risk model for subclinical atherosclerosis in the CKD population is still lacking. The study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for screening subclinical atherosclerosis among CKD patients without dialysis. Patients and Methods A total of 1452 CKD stage 1‒5 has been recruited in this cross-sectional study. Subclinical atherosclerosis was diagnosed with carotid ultrasonography. Patients were divided into the training set and validation set. The risk factors of atherosclerosis were identified by the training set and confirmed by the validation set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analyses (DCA) were executed to evaluate the accuracy of fitted logistic models in training and validation sets. Finally, a nomogram based on constructed logistic regression model in all participants was plotted. Results A total of 669 (46.1%) patients were diagnosed with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that males, age, hypertension, diabetes, CKD stages, calcium, platelet, and albumin were risk factors for atherosclerosis. The accuracy of fitted logistic models was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), which showed good predictive accuracy in the training set (AUC=0.764 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.733–0.794) and validation set (AUC=0.808 (95% CI: 0.765–0.852). A high net benefit was also proven by the DCA. Finally, these predictors were all included to generate the nomogram. Conclusion This proposed nomogram shows excellent predictive ability and might have a significant clinical implication for detecting subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
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33
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Baaten CC, Sternkopf M, Henning T, Marx N, Jankowski J, Noels H. Platelet Function in CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1583-1598. [PMID: 33941607 PMCID: PMC8425648 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with CKD are at high risk for thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. Abnormalities in platelet function are central to these complications, but reports on platelet function in relation to CKD are conflicting, and vary from decreased platelet reactivity to normal or increased platelet responsiveness. The direct effects of uremic toxins on platelet function have been described, with variable findings. METHODS To help clarify how CKD affects platelet function, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of platelet activity in CKD, with a focus on nondialysis-induced effects. We also performed an extensive literature search for the effects of individual uremic toxins on platelet function. RESULTS We included 73 studies in the systematic review to assess CKD's overall effect on platelet function in patients; 11 of them described CKD's effect on ex vivo platelet aggregation and were included in the meta-analysis. Although findings on platelet abnormalities in CKD are inconsistent, bleeding time was mostly prolonged and platelet adhesion mainly reduced. Also, the meta-analysis revealed maximal platelet aggregation was significantly reduced in patients with CKD upon collagen stimulation. We also found that relatively few uremic toxins have been examined for direct effects on platelets ex vivo; ex vivo analyses had varying methods and results, revealing both platelet-stimulatory and inhibitory effects. However, eight of the 12 uremic toxins tested in animal models mostly induced prothrombotic effects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, most studies report impaired function of platelets from patients with CKD. Still, a substantial number of studies find platelet function to be unchanged or even enhanced. Further investigation of platelet reactivity in CKD, especially during different CKD stages, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance C.F.M.J. Baaten
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Sternkopf
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Henning
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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34
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Dong J, Li Y, Zheng F, Chen W, Huang S, Zhou X, Wang K, Cai W, Liu H, Yin L, Li Q, Tang D, Dai Y. Co-occurrence of Protein Crotonylation and 2-Hydroxyisobutyrylation in the Proteome of End-Stage Renal Disease. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15782-15793. [PMID: 34179622 PMCID: PMC8223210 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is gradually becoming a major public healthcare burden worldwide. Post-translational modifications carrying epigenetic information play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. We performed lysine crotonylation (KCr) and lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) analyses with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to obtain a comprehensive profile and reveal the specific pathogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ESRD patients. 218 overlap proteins among differentially modified proteins (DMPs) of both 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation and crotonylation were identified. KEGG analysis enriched pathways of protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis which is closely related with cell apoptosis. In Bip, a master regulator in the ER, eight sites were identified as having both KCr and Khib modifications. Five differentially KCr modification sites and three differentially Khib-modified sites were detected between ESRD patients and normal controls. Besides Bip, other proteins (GRP94, CNX, CRT, PDIs, GlcII, ERP57, Bap31, Hsp70, and Hsp90) happened both KCr and Khib modifications. Nine DMPs having both KCr and Khib modifications were related to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway containing two key regulatory enzymes of hexokinase-1 and pyruvate kinase. The two most abundant dual modification proteins were ENO1 and PGK1 with 15 sites and 8 sites, respectively. Lysine residue K228 with both KCr and Khib modifications in ENO1 was on its surface and made it accessible for p300 mediating dynamic modifications. Overall, we hypothesize that KCr and Khib comodifications may influence the number of immunocytes and further induce immune senescence in ESRD patients through the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and protein processing in the ER process, which may be a potential therapeutic direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Dong
- Institute
of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Institute
of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Shaoying Huang
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Affiliated No. 924
Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - HaiPing Liu
- The
Second People’s Hospital of Lianping County, Heyuan517139, Guangdong , China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute
of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Dongguan
Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong, China
- . Phone: +86 0769 26385192
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
- . Phone: +86 0755 22942106
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical
Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research
Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering
Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical
College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Affiliated No. 924
Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guilin 541002, China
- . Phone: +86 0755 22942780
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35
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Parathyroid hormone oxidation in chronic kidney disease: clinical relevance? Kidney Int 2021; 99:1070-1072. [PMID: 33892858 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, parathyroid hormone (PTH), like all proteins, can undergo post-translational modifications, including oxidation. This can lead to structural and functional changes of the hormone. It has been hypothesized that currently used PTH measurement methods do not adequately reflect PTH-related bone and cardiovascular abnormalities in chronic kidney disease owing to the presence of oxidized, biologically inactive PTH in the circulation. Ursem et al. now report a strong correlation between serum non-oxidized and total PTH, and comparable associations with histomorphometric and circulating bone turnover markers, pleading against this hypothesis.
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36
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Chen Y, Xu T, Li M, Li C, Ma Y, Chen G, Sun Y, Zheng H, Wu G, Liao W, Liao Y, Chen Y, Bin J. Inhibition of SENP2-mediated Akt deSUMOylation promotes cardiac regeneration via activating Akt pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:811-828. [PMID: 33687053 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a key regulator of cell proliferation and can be readily reversed by a family of SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs), making SUMOylation an ideal regulatory mechanism for developing novel therapeutic strategies for promoting a cardiac regenerative response. However, the role of SUMOylation in cardiac regeneration remains unknown. In the present study, we assessed whether targeting protein kinase B (Akt) SUMOylation can promote cardiac regeneration. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting results showed that small ubiquitin-like modifier-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is up-regulated during postnatal heart development. SENP2 deficiency promoted P7 and adult cardiomyocyte (CM) dedifferentiation and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mice with SENP2 deficiency exhibited improved cardiac function after MI due to CM proliferation and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, the loss of SENP2 up-regulated Akt SUMOylation levels and increased Akt kinase activity, leading to a decrease in GSK3β levels and subsequently promoting CM proliferation and angiogenesis. In summary, inhibition of SENP2-mediated Akt deSUMOylation promotes CM differentiation and proliferation by activating the Akt pathway. Our results provide new insights into the role of SUMOylation in cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuling Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yusheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yili Sun
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guangkai Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Koppe L, Beddhu S, Chauveau P, Kovesdy CP, Mafra D, Joshi S, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Fouque D. A call for a better understanding of the role of dietary amino acids and post-translational protein modifications of the microbiome in the progression of CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:1357-1360. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Koppe
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, F-69495, France
- University of Lyon, CarMeN lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Srinivasan Beddhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Philippe Chauveau
- Association Pour l’Utilisation Du Rein Artificiel A Domicile, F-33110 Gradignan, France
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Denise Mafra
- Federal University Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shivam Joshi
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, F-69495, France
- University of Lyon, CarMeN lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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38
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Villacrés C, Spicer V, Krokhin OV. Confident Identification of Citrullination and Carbamylation Assisted by Peptide Retention Time Prediction. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:1571-1581. [PMID: 33523662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic behavior of peptides carrying citrulline and homocitrulline residues in proteomic two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) experiments has been investigated. The primary goal of this study was to determine the chromatographic conditions that allow differentiating between arginine citrullination and deamidation of asparagine based on retention data, improving the confidence of MS-based identifications. Carbamylation was used as a reference point due to a high degree of similarity between modification products and anticipated changes in chromatographic behavior. We applied 2D LC-MS/MS (a high-pH-low-pH reversed phase (RP), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-low-pH RP, and strong cation exchange (SCX)-low-pH RP) to acquire retention data for modified-nonmodified peptide pairs in the four separation modes. Modifications of a standard protein mixture were induced enzymatically (PAD-2) or chemically (urea) for citrullination and carbamylation, respectively. Deamidation occurs spontaneously. Similar retention shifts were observed for all three modifications in a high-pH RP (decrease) and a low-pH RP (increase), thus limiting the applicability of this 2D LC combination. HILIC on bare silica and strong cation exchange separations have been probed to amplify the effect of charge loss upon citrullination, with SCX demonstrating the most differentiating power: the elimination of basic residues upon citrullination/carbamylation results in an ∼58 mM KCl retention decrease, while retention of deamidated products decreases slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Villacrés
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Oleg V Krokhin
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.,Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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39
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Chen Z, Ding S, Wang YP, Chen L, Mao JY, Yang Y, Sun JT, Yang K. Association of carbamylated high-density lipoprotein with coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: carbamylated high-density lipoprotein of patients promotes monocyte adhesion. J Transl Med 2020; 18:460. [PMID: 33272295 PMCID: PMC7713164 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence showed that carbamylated lipoprotein accelerated atherosclerosis. However, whether such modification of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles alters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and facilitates vascular complications remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the alteration of the carbamylation in HDL among T2DM patients and clarify its potential role in atherogenesis. METHODS A total of 148 consecutive T2DM patients undergoning angiography and 40 age- and gender-matched control subjects were included. HDL was isolated from plasma samples, and the concentration of HDL carbamyl-lysine (HDL-CBL) was measured. Furthermore, the HDL from subjects and in-vitro carbamylated HDL (C-HDL) was incubated with endothelial cells and monocyte to endothelial cell adhesion. Adhesion molecule expression and signaling pathway were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the HDL-CBL level was remarkably increased in T2DM patients (6.13 ± 1.94 vs 12.00 ± 4.06 (ng/mg), P < 0.001). Of note, HDL-CBL demonstrated a more significant increase in T2DM patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 102) than those without CAD (n = 46) (12.75 ± 3.82 vs. 10.35 ± 4.11(ng/mg), P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher HDL-CBL level was independently associated with a higher prevalence of CAD in diabetic patients after adjusting for established cofounders (adjusted odds ratio 1.174, 95% confidence Interval 1.045-1.319, p = 0.017). HDL from diabetic patients with CAD enhanced greater monocyte adhesion than that from the non-CAD or the control group (P < 0.001). Such pro-atherogenic capacity of diabetic HDL positively correlated with HDL-CBL level. Furthermore, in-vitro incubation of carbamylated HDL (C-HDL) with endothelial promoted monocyte to endothelial cell adhesion, induced upregulation of cell adhesion molecules expression, and activated NF-κB/p65 signaling in endothelial cells. Inhibiting carbamylation of HDL or NF-κB activation attenuated the monocyte to endothelial cell adhesion and cell surface adhesion molecules expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified elevated carbamylation modification of HDL from T2DM patients, especially in those with concomitant CAD. We also evidenced that C-HDL enhanced monocyte to endothelial cell adhesion, indicating a potential pro-atherogenic role of C-HDL in atherosclerosis among T2DM patients. Trial registration https://register.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT04390711 Registered on 14 May 2020; Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Chen
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ping Wang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yan Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Teng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Holmar J, de la Puente-Secades S, Floege J, Noels H, Jankowski J, Orth-Alampour S. Uremic Toxins Affecting Cardiovascular Calcification: A Systematic Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112428. [PMID: 33172085 PMCID: PMC7694747 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is highly prevalent and associated with increased morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review examines the impact of uremic toxins, which accumulate in CKD due to a failing kidney function, on cardiovascular calcification. A systematic literature search identified 41 uremic toxins that have been studied in relation to cardiovascular calcification. For 29 substances, a potentially causal role in cardiovascular calcification was addressed in in vitro or animal studies. A calcification-inducing effect was revealed for 16 substances, whereas for three uremic toxins, namely the guanidino compounds asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, as well as guanidinosuccinic acid, a calcification inhibitory effect was identified in vitro. At a mechanistic level, effects of uremic toxins on calcification could be linked to the induction of inflammation or oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell osteogenic transdifferentiation and/or apoptosis, or alkaline phosphatase activity. For all middle molecular weight and protein-bound uremic toxins that were found to affect cardiovascular calcification, an increasing effect on calcification was revealed, supporting the need to focus on an increased removal efficiency of these uremic toxin classes in dialysis. In conclusion, of all uremic toxins studied with respect to calcification regulatory effects to date, more uremic toxins promote rather than reduce cardiovascular calcification processes. Additionally, it highlights that only a relatively small part of uremic toxins has been screened for effects on calcification, supporting further investigation of uremic toxins, as well as of associated post-translational modifications, on cardiovascular calcification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Holmar
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Sofia de la Puente-Secades
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.O.-A.); Tel.: +49-241-80-80580 (J.J. & S.O.-A.)
| | - Setareh Orth-Alampour
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.O.-A.); Tel.: +49-241-80-80580 (J.J. & S.O.-A.)
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41
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Shah B, Jagtap P, Sarmah D, Datta A, Raut S, Sarkar A, Bohra M, Singh U, Baidya F, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Cerebro-renal interaction and stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1279-1299. [PMID: 32979852 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an event causing a disturbance in cerebral function leading to death and disability worldwide. Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanistic approach between impaired renal function and stroke is limitedly explored and has attracted researchers to learn more for developing therapeutic intervention. Common risk factors such as hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, atrial fibrillation, arteriosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, etc. are observed in the general population, but are high in renal failure patients. Also, risk factors like bone mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, and anemia, along with the process of dialysis in CKD patients, eventually increases the risk of stroke. Therefore, early detection of risks associated with stroke in CKD is imperative, which may decrease the mortality associated with it. This review highlights mechanisms by which kidney dysfunction can lead to cerebrovascular events and increase the risk of stroke in renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birva Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Priya Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Swapnil Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ankan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Mariya Bohra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Upasna Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Falguni Baidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
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42
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Fan HX, Gou BD, Gao YX, Wu G, Liu SH, Li F, Zhang TL. Protein-bound calcium phosphate in uremic rat serum: a quantitative study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1051-1063. [PMID: 32839886 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein-bound calcium (prCa) constitutes about 40% of serum total calcium, in which albumin is the most dominant protein. Given the chemical interaction between calcium and phosphate (Pi), the increased serum Pi in chronic kidney disease may cause changes in the composition and structure of the prCa fraction. Here, we report the phosphate binding on the protein-bound calcium in uremic rat serum. Using adenine-fed rats as a uremic model, we separated the calcium and phosphate fractions in rat serum by ultrafiltration, and found that the level of protein-bound phosphate (prPi) in the uremic serum was markedly higher than in control. The elevated prPi level was comparable to the prCa level, consistent with the presence of protein-bound calcium phosphate pr(Ca)j-m(CaPi)m. We then confirmed its presence by ex vivo X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, revealing the discrete state of the calcium phosphate clusters associated with protein. Finally, in a quantitative investigation using Ca- and Pi-boosted serum, we discovered the threshold concentration for the Pi binding on prCa, and determined the binding constant. The threshold, while preventing Pi from binding to prCa in normal condition, allows the reaction to take place in hyperphosphatemia conditions. The protein-bound calcium phosphate could act as a link between the metabolism of serum proteins and the homeostasis of phosphate and calcium, and it deserves further investigation whether the molar ratio of (prPi/prCa)⋅100% may serve as a serum index of the vascular calcification status in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Fan
- Department of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Di Gou
- Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Hu Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Monhemi H, Tabaee SS. The effects of mutation and modification on the structure and stability of human lysozyme: A molecular link between carbamylation and atherosclerosis. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107703. [PMID: 32799051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid mutations in some proteins such as lysozyme lead to genetically disorder variants and adverse pathogenic consequences. Recently, amino acid modifications were known as a risk factor in many related diseases such as uremia and atherosclerosis, showing the importance of these surface-structure changes. Although the structural consequences of the hereditary proteins have been examined extensively, such effects for the protein modifications are known to a lesser extent. One drawback in the examination of protein modifications is hardness in experimental detection of modifications by techniques such as NMR and crystallography. Molecular modeling and simulation can help to understand such phenomena at the molecular levels. It is more rational that the effects of both mutation and modification can be compared in a single protein model. Here, molecular dynamics simulation is used to compare the effects of a disease-related carbamylation modification and an amyloidogenic mutation (D67H) in human lysozyme as a model protein. The results show that the carbamylation adversely effects on the tertiary structure, leading to the similar unfolding pathway to the hereditary amyloidogenic form. The carbamylation leads to the instability of the overall protein conformation, especially on the β-domain, which is a characteristic of hereditary amyloidosis in human lysozymes. The aggregation behaviors of both modified and mutant lysozyme were examined by molecular docking calculations. The results showed that the partially unfolded lysozyme might form tight protein aggregates upon carbamylation similar to the amyloidogenic variant. Both single and all-residues carbamylations impose serious conformational changes to the tertiary structure of lysozyme. It was obtained that carbamylation of lysozyme strongly effects on the stability of N-terminal β-sheet, which can produce a highly unstable conformation. The results of this study not only show the adverse structural consequences of a disease-associated post-translational modification, but it also may be very helpful to understand the molecular basis for many carbamylation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis in ESRD patients. The results show that non-native post-translational modifications may be as structurally important as hereditary mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Monhemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Samaneh Tabaee
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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44
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Aggarwal S, Banerjee SK, Talukdar NC, Yadav AK. Post-translational Modification Crosstalk and Hotspots in Sirtuin Interactors Implicated in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:356. [PMID: 32425973 PMCID: PMC7204943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are protein deacetylases that play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as many other diseases. Absence of sirtuins can lead to hyperacetylation of both nuclear and mitochondrial proteins leading to metabolic dysregulation. The protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are known to crosstalk among each other to bring about complex phenotypic outcomes. Various PTM types such as acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation, and so on, drive transcriptional regulation and metabolism, but such crosstalks are poorly understood. We integrated protein–protein interactions (PPI) and PTMs from several databases to integrate information on 1,251 sirtuin-interacting proteins, of which 544 are associated with cardiac diseases. Based on the ∼100,000 PTM sites obtained for sirtuin interactors, we observed that the frequency of PTM sites (83 per protein), as well as PTM types (five per protein), is higher than the global average for human proteome. We found that ∼60–70% PTM sites fall into ordered regions. Approximately 83% of the sirtuin interactors contained at least one competitive crosstalk (in situ) site, with half of the sites occurring in CVD-associated proteins. A large proportion of identified crosstalk sites were observed for acetylation and ubiquitination competition. We identified 614 proteins containing PTM hotspots (≥5 PTM sites) and 133 proteins containing crosstalk hotspots (≥3 crosstalk sites). We observed that a large proportion of disease-associated sequence variants were found in PTM motifs of CVD proteins. We identified seven proteins (TP53, LMNA, MAPT, ATP2A2, NCL, APEX1, and HIST1H3A) containing disease-associated variants in PTM and crosstalk hotspots. This is the first comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on sirtuin interactors with respect to PTMs and their crosstalks. This study forms a platform for generating interesting hypotheses that can be tested for a deeper mechanistic understanding gained or derived from big-data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Aggarwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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45
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Adav SS, Sze SK. Hypoxia-Induced Degenerative Protein Modifications Associated with Aging and Age-Associated Disorders. Aging Dis 2020; 11:341-364. [PMID: 32257546 PMCID: PMC7069466 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable time-dependent decline of various physiological functions that finally leads to death. Progressive protein damage and aggregation have been proposed as the root cause of imbalance in regulatory processes and risk factors for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxygen is a modulator of aging. The oxygen-deprived conditions (hypoxia) leads to oxidative stress, cellular damage and protein modifications. Despite unambiguous evidence of the critical role of spontaneous non-enzymatic Degenerative Protein Modifications (DPMs) such as oxidation, glycation, carbonylation, carbamylation, and deamidation, that impart deleterious structural and functional protein alterations during aging and age-associated disorders, the mechanism that mediates these modifications is poorly understood. This review summarizes up-to-date information and recent developments that correlate DPMs, aging, hypoxia, and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Despite numerous advances in the study of the molecular hallmark of aging, hypoxia, and degenerative protein modifications during aging and age-associated pathologies, a major challenge remains there to dissect the relative contribution of different DPMs in aging (either natural or hypoxia-induced) and age-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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46
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De Bruyne S, Himpe J, Delanghe SE, Glorieux G, Van Biesen W, De Buyzere ML, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Carbamoylated Nail Proteins as Assessed by Near-Infrared Analysis are Associated with Load of Uremic Toxins and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020083. [PMID: 31991867 PMCID: PMC7076796 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamoylation is an important risk factor for accelerated atherogenesis and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We intended to explore whether carbamoylation as assessed by near-infrared (NIR) analysis of nail proteins is associated with (a) plasma concentrations of representative uremic toxins and (b) mortality in HD patients. A total of 53 healthy volunteers and 84 consecutive HD patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional cohort study. Standard laboratory methods were used to measure routine parameters, whereas levels of uremic toxins were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Spectra of distal fingernail clippings were obtained using an Avantes NIR spectrometer and processed using chemometric data analysis. The second derivative of the peak intensity at 1494 nm attributed to N-H amide bands from NH2 of carbamoyl (-CONH2) groups was higher in HD patients than in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Peak intensity levels were associated with age and plasma levels of representative uremic toxins. Cox-regression analysis revealed a significant association with all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for age. In conclusion, our data revealed that carbamoylation as assessed by NIR analysis of nail proteins is associated with plasma concentrations of uremic toxins and also with mortality in HD patients. Further research to explore whether it is a surrogate marker or a hard indicator of mortality risk is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jonas Himpe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Sigurd E. Delanghe
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Marc L. De Buyzere
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris R. Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-29-56
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47
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Lin H, Tang D, Xu Y, Zhang R, Ou M, Zheng F, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zou G, Xue W, Zou Y, Dai W, Sui W, Dai Y. Quantitative analysis of protein crotonylation identifies its association with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1242-1250. [PMID: 32016442 PMCID: PMC7002971 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to histones such as lysine crotonylation are classified as epigenetic changes. Lysine crotonylation participates in various cellular processes and occurs in active promoters, directly accelerating transcription. The present study performed a proteomics analysis of crotonylation between healthy controls and patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy using tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution liquid chromatography. The present results identified 353 crotonylated proteins and 770 modification sites, including 155 upregulated and 198 downregulated crotonylated proteins. In total, seven conserved motifs were identified in the present study. The present bioinformatics analysis results suggested a number of the crotonylated proteins exhibited various subcellular localization patterns, such as in the cytoplasm. Protein domains, including thioredoxin, moesin tail and myosin like IQ motif domains were markedly enriched in crotonylated proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and functional enrichment analyses suggested significant enrichment of crotonylated proteins in complement and coagulation cascades, and antigen processing and presentation pathways displaying important relationships with IgA nephropathy. The present results suggested that crotonylation occurred in numerous proteins and may play key regulatory roles in IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Guimian Zou
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yaoshuang Zou
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Nephrology Department of 924th Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
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Lubbers R, Oostindie SC, Dijkstra DJ, Parren PWHI, Verheul MK, Abendstein L, Sharp TH, de Ru A, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, van den Bremer ETJ, Bleijlevens B, de Kreuk BJ, Beurskens FJ, Trouw LA. Carbamylation reduces the capacity of IgG for hexamerization and complement activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 200:1-11. [PMID: 31853959 PMCID: PMC7066385 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamylation is a post‐translational modification that can be detected on a range of proteins, including immunoglobulin (Ig)G, in several clinical conditions. Carbamylated IgG (ca‐IgG) was reported to lose its capacity to trigger complement activation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Because C1q binds with high affinity to hexameric IgG, we analyzed whether carbamylation of IgG affects binding of C1q, hexamerization and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analyzed for the presence of ca‐IgG in vivo. Synovial tissues from RA patients were analyzed for the presence of ca‐IgG using mass spectrometry (MS). Monomeric or hexameric antibodies were carbamylated in vitro and quality in solution was controlled. The capacity of ca‐IgG to activate complement was analyzed in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISAs) and cellular CDC assays. Using MS, we identified ca‐IgG to be present in the joints of RA patients. Using in vitro carbamylated antibodies, we observed that ca‐IgG lost its capacity to activate complement in both solid‐phase and CDC assays. Mixing ca‐IgG with non‐modified IgG did not result in effective inhibition of complement activation by ca‐IgG. Carbamylation of both monomeric IgG and preformed hexameric IgG greatly impaired the capacity to trigger complement activation. Furthermore, upon carbamylation, the preformed hexameric IgG dissociated into monomeric IgG in solution, indicating that carbamylation influences both hexamerization and C1q binding. In conclusion, ca‐IgG can be detected in vivo and has a strongly reduced capacity to activate complement which is, in part, mediated through a reduced ability to form hexamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lubbers
- Department Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D J Dijkstra
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P W H I Parren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M K Verheul
- Department Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L Abendstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - L A Trouw
- Department Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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49
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van der Made TK, Fedecostante M, Scotcher D, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Sastre Toraño J, Middel I, Koster AS, Gerritsen KG, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Hoenderop JGJ, Masereeuw R, Galetin A. Quantitative Translation of Microfluidic Transporter in Vitro Data to in Vivo Reveals Impaired Albumin-Facilitated Indoxyl Sulfate Secretion in Chronic Kidney Disease. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4551-4562. [PMID: 31525064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IxS), a highly albumin-bound uremic solute, accumulates in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to reduced renal clearance. This study was designed to specifically investigate the role of human serum albumin (HSA) in IxS renal secretion via organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) in a microfluidic system and subsequently apply quantitative translation of in vitro data to predict extent of change in IxS renal clearance in CKD stage IV relative to healthy. Conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing OAT1 were incubated with IxS (5-200 μM) in the HSA-free medium or in the presence of either HSA or CKD-modified HSA. IxS uptake in the presence of HSA resulted in more than 20-fold decrease in OAT1 affinity (Km,u) and 37-fold greater in vitro unbound intrinsic clearance (CLint,u) versus albumin-free condition. In the presence of CKD-modified albumin, Km,u increased four-fold and IxS CLint,u decreased almost seven-fold relative to HSA. Fold-change in parameters exceeded differences in IxS binding between albumin conditions, indicating additional mechanism and facilitating role of albumin in IxS OAT1-mediated uptake. Quantitative translation of IxS in vitro OAT1-mediated CLint,u predicted a 60% decrease in IxS renal elimination as a result of CKD, in agreement with the observed data (80%). The findings of the current study emphasize the role of albumin in IxS transport via OAT1 and explored the impact of modifications in albumin on renal excretion via active secretion in CKD. For the first time, this study performed quantitative translation of transporter kinetic data generated in a novel microfluidic in vitro system to a clinically relevant setting. Knowledge gaps and future directions in quantitative translation of renal drug disposition from microphysiological systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K van der Made
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | | | - Daniel Scotcher
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K.,Simcyp Division , Certara UK Limited , Sheffield S1 2BJ , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Karin G Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht 3508 GA , The Netherlands
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen 52074 , Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen 52074 , Germany.,School for Cardiovascular Diseases , Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50 , Maastricht 6229 ER , The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB , The Netherlands
| | | | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
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50
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Schmit D, Fliser D, Speer T. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:1266-1271. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a substantially increased risk for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. Accordingly, CV mortality is increased even in the earliest stages of CKD. In the general population and in CKD patients, high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are crucially involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Lowering LDL-C by use of statins and/or ezetimibe represents the gold standard of lipid-lowering therapy, with a great body of evidence from several large clinical trials. Statin therapy reduces CV events in patients with normal and impaired kidney function alike, while the evidence for patients on maintenance haemodialysis is weaker. The inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) serine protease represents a novel lipid-lowering tool. Currently the monoclonal antibodies evolocumab and alirocumab are the approved PCSK9 inhibitors. Despite maximum-tolerated statin therapy, they efficiently further reduce LDL-C plasma levels without any major adverse effects. Moreover, in large clinical outcome trials, both antibodies have been proven to lower CV events. Notably, the LDL-lowering capacity was independent of baseline kidney function and also efficient in patients with moderate CKD. However, patients with severely impaired kidney function, that is, the population at the highest CV risk, have been excluded from those trials. The relevance of the LDL-independent effects of PCSK9 inhibitors, such as lowering lipoprotein(a) or ameliorating dyslipidaemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome, has to be determined. Therefore further specific studies assessing the effects and outcomes of PCSK9-inhibiting treatment in CKD patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schmit
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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