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Acevedo S, Segovia MF, de la Fuente-Ortega E. Emerging Perspectives in Zinc Transporter Research in Prostate Cancer: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2026. [PMID: 38999774 PMCID: PMC11243615 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of zinc and zinc transporters families has been associated with the genesis and progression of prostate cancer. The prostate epithelium utilizes two types of zinc transporters, the ZIP (Zrt-, Irt-related Protein) and the ZnTs (Zinc Transporter), to transport zinc from the blood plasma to the gland lumen. ZIP transporters uptake zinc from extracellular space and organelle lumen, while ZnT transporters release zinc outside the cells or to organelle lumen. In prostate cancer, a commonly observed low zinc concentration in prostate tissue has been correlated with downregulations of certain ZIPs (e.g., ZIP1, ZIP2, ZIP3, ZIP14) and upregulations of specific ZnTs (e.g., ZnT1, ZnT9, ZnT10). These alterations may enable cancer cells to adapt to toxic high zinc levels. While zinc supplementation has been suggested as a potential therapy for this type of cancer, studies have yielded inconsistent results because some trials have indicated that zinc supplementation could exacerbate cancer risk. The reason for this discrepancy remains unclear, but given the high molecular and genetic variability present in prostate tumors, it is plausible that some zinc transporters-comprising 14 ZIP and 10 ZnT members-could be dysregulated in others patterns that promote cancer. From this perspective, this review highlights novel dysregulation, such as ZIP-Up/ZnT-Down, observed in prostate cancer cell lines for ZIP4, ZIP8, ZnT2, ZnT4, ZnT5, etc. Additionally, an in silico analysis of an available microarray from mouse models of prostate cancer (Nkx3.1;Pten) predicts similar dysregulation pattern for ZIP4, ZIP8, and ZnT2, which appear in early stages of prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, similar dysregulation patterns are supported by an in silico analysis of RNA-seq data from human cancer tumors available in cBioPortal. We discuss how these dysregulations of zinc transporters could impact zinc supplementation trials, particularly focusing on how the ZIP-Up/ZnT-Down dysregulation through various mechanisms might promote prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Acevedo
- Laboratorio Estrés Celular y Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - María Fernanda Segovia
- Laboratorio Estrés Celular y Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Erwin de la Fuente-Ortega
- Laboratorio Estrés Celular y Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Bendellaa M, Lelièvre P, Coll JL, Sancey L, Deniaud A, Busser B. Roles of zinc in cancers: From altered metabolism to therapeutic applications. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:7-20. [PMID: 37610131 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a crucial trace element involved in various cellular processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis and immune response, contributing to cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of Zn homeostasis occurs in certain cancers. This review discusses the role of Zn in cancer and its associated components, such as Zn-related proteins, their potential as biomarkers and the use of Zn-based strategies for tumor treatment. ZIP and ZnT proteins regulate Zn metabolism under normal conditions, but their expression is aberrant in cancer. These Zn proteins can serve as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers, aiding in early cancer detection and disease monitoring. Moreover, targeting Zn and its pathways offers potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Modulating Zn biodistribution within cells using metal-binding agents allows for the control of downstream signaling pathways. Direct utilization of zinc as a therapeutic agent, including Zn supplementation or Zn oxide nanoparticle administration, holds promise for improving the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bendellaa
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Lelièvre
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- Grenoble Alpes University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Figiel M, Górka AK, Górecki A. Zinc Ions Modulate YY1 Activity: Relevance in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4338. [PMID: 37686614 PMCID: PMC10487186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
YY1 is widely recognized as an intrinsically disordered transcription factor that plays a role in development of many cancers. In most cases, its overexpression is correlated with tumor progression and unfavorable patient outcomes. Our latest research focusing on the role of zinc ions in modulating YY1's interaction with DNA demonstrated that zinc enhances the protein's multimeric state and affinity to its operator. In light of these findings, changes in protein concentration appear to be just one element relevant to modulating YY1-dependent processes. Thus, alterations in zinc ion concentration can directly and specifically impact the regulation of gene expression by YY1, in line with reports indicating a correlation between zinc ion levels and advancement of certain tumors. This review concentrates on other potential consequences of YY1 interaction with zinc ions that may act by altering charge distribution, conformational state distribution, or oligomerization to influence its interactions with molecular partners that can disrupt gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Górecki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.F.); (A.K.G.)
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Sui D, Hu J. High-resolution structure of a mercury cross-linked ZIP metal transporter reveals delicate motions and metal relay for regulated zinc transport. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537755. [PMID: 37131590 PMCID: PMC10153219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) divalent metal transporters play a central role in maintaining trace element homeostasis. The prototypical ZIP from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbZIP) is an elevator-type transporter, but the dynamic motions and detailed transport mechanism remain to be elucidated. Here, we report a high-resolution crystal structure of a mercury-crosslinked BbZIP variant at 1.95 Å, revealing an upward rotation of the transport domain in the new inward-facing conformation and a water-filled metal release channel that is divided into two parallel pathways by the previously disordered cytoplasmic loop. Mutagenesis and transport assays indicated that the newly identified high-affinity metal binding site in the primary pathway acts as a "metal sink" to reduce the transport rate. The discovery of a hinge motion around an extracellular axis allowed us to propose a sequential hinge-elevator-hinge movement of the transport domain to achieve alternating access. These findings provide key insights into the transport mechanisms and activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, MI 48824
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Zhang YY, Li XS, Ren KD, Peng J, Luo XJ. Restoration of metal homeostasis: a potential strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101931. [PMID: 37031723 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal homeostasis is critical to normal neurophysiological activity. Metal ions are involved in the development, metabolism, redox and neurotransmitter transmission of the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, disturbance of homeostasis (such as metal deficiency or excess) can result in serious consequences, including neurooxidative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and nerve cell death. The uptake, transport and metabolism of metal ions are highly regulated by ion channels. There is growing evidence that metal ion disorders and/or the dysfunction of ion channels contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, metal homeostasis-related signaling pathways are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for diverse neurological diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the studies regarding the physiological and pathophysiological functions of metal ions and their channels, as well as their role in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, currently available metal ion modulators and in vivo quantitative metal ion imaging methods are also discussed. Current work provides certain recommendations based on literatures and in-depth reflections to improve neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies should turn to crosstalk and interactions between different metal ions and their channels. Concomitant pharmacological interventions for two or more metal signaling pathways may offer clinical advantages in treating the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013,China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013,China.
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Barman SK, Zaman MS, Veljanoski F, Malladi CS, Mahns DA, Wu MJ. Expression profiles of the genes associated with zinc homeostasis in normal and cancerous breast and prostate cells. Metallomics 2022; 14:6601457. [PMID: 35657662 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Zn2+ dyshomeostasis is an intriguing phenomenon in breast and prostate cancers, with breast cancer cells exhibiting higher intracellular Zn2+ level compared to their corresponding normal epithelial cells, in contrast to the low Zn2+ level in prostate cancer cells. In order to gain molecular insights into the zinc homeostasis of breast and prostate cancer cells, this study profiled the expression of 28 genes, including 14 zinc importer genes (SLC39A1-14) which encode ZIP1-14 to transport Zn2+ into the cytoplasm, 10 zinc exporter genes (SLC30A1-10) which encode ZnT1-10 to transport Zn2+ out of the cytoplasm and 4 metallothionein genes (MT1B, MT1F, MT1X, MT2A) in breast (MCF10A, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and prostate (RWPE-1, PC3, DU145) cell lines in response to extracellular zinc exposures at a mild cytotoxic dosage and a benign dosage. The RNA samples were prepared at 0 min (T0), 30 min (T30) and 120 min (T120) in a time course with or without zinc exposure, which were used for profiling the baseline and dynamic gene expression. The up-regulation of MT genes was observed across the breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The expression landscape of SLC39A and SLC30A was revealed by the qRT-PCR data of this study, which sheds light on the divergence of intracellular Zn2+ levels for breast and prostate cancer cells. Taken together, the findings are valuable in unravelling the molecular intricacy of zinc homeostasis in breast and prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital K Barman
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Mohammad S Zaman
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Filip Veljanoski
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Chandra S Malladi
- Proteomics and Lipidomics Lab, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
| | - Ming J Wu
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751
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Ye C, Lian G, Wang T, Chen A, Chen W, Gong J, Luo L, Wang H, Xie L. The zinc transporter ZIP12 regulates monocrotaline-induced proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via the AKT/ERK signaling pathways. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:111. [PMID: 35346134 PMCID: PMC8962172 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The zinc transporter ZIP12 is a membrane-spanning protein that transports zinc ions into the cytoplasm from the extracellular space. Recent studies demonstrated that upregulation of ZIP12 is involved in elevation of cytosolic free zinc and excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by hypoxia. However, the expression of ZIP12 and its role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats have not been evaluated previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ZIP12 on the proliferation and migration of PASMCs and its underlying mechanisms in MCT-induced PAH. Methods A PAH rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg MCT twice at one-week intervals. PASMCs were isolated from the pulmonary arteries of rats with MCT-induced PAH or control rats. The expression of ZIP12 and related molecules was detected in the lung tissues and cells. A ZIP12 knockdown lentivirus and an overexpressing lentivirus were constructed and transfected into PASMCs derived from PAH and control rats, respectively. EdU assays, wound healing assays and Western blotting were carried out to explore the function of ZIP12 in PASMCs. Results Increased ZIP12 expression was observed in PASMCs derived from MCT-induced PAH rats. The proliferation and migration of PASMCs from PAH rats were significantly increased compared with those from control rats. These results were corroborated by Western blot analysis of PCNA and cyclin D1. All these effects were significantly reversed by silencing ZIP12. Comparatively, ZIP12 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects as shown in PASMCs from control rats. Furthermore, selective inhibition of AKT phosphorylation by LY294002 abolished the effect of ZIP12 overexpression on enhancing cell proliferation and migration and partially suppressed the increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by ZIP12 overexpression. However, inhibition of ERK activity by U0126 resulted in partial reversal of this effect and did not influence an increase in AKT phosphorylation induced by ZIP12 overexpression. Conclusions ZIP12 is involved in MCT-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and enhances the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. The mechanism of these effects was partially mediated by enhancing the AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-01905-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Chen
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Chen
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Jiang Y, Zhan H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu M, Xu C, Fan X, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Shi X, Ramesh R, Li M. ZIP4 promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by activating snail-N-cadherin signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:71-81. [PMID: 34450198 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most critical health problems worldwide, with high incidence and poor survival rate. A zinc importer ZIP4 has been implicated in the process of tumor growth and metastasis of many cancers. However, its exact role and the underlying mechanism in NSCLC remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that human ZIP4 was substantially overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Overexpression of ZIP4 promoted cell migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in a mouse lung metastasis model. Silencing of ZIP4 attenuated migration, invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, overexpression of ZIP4 increased the expression of Snail, Slug and N-cadherin while genetic inactivation of ZIP4 downregulated the expression of above-mentioned genes. Further analysis showed that transcriptional factor Snail which modulates N-cadherin was involved in the process of ZIP4-mediated NSCLC migration and invasion. We also demonstrated that ZIP4 positively correlates with the levels of Snail, Slug and N-cadherin in mice lung metastasis tumors. Together, these results suggest that ZIP4 acts as an important regulator of Snail-N-cadherin signaling axis in promoting NSCLC progression and may serve as a novel predictive marker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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11
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Fan Q, Li L, Wang TL, Emerson RE, Xu Y. A Novel ZIP4-HDAC4-VEGFA Axis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153821. [PMID: 34359722 PMCID: PMC8345154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite tremendous research efforts, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the most difficult cancers to detect early and treat successfully for >5-year survival. We have recently shown that ZIP4, a zinc transporter, is a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and a therapeutic target for EOC. The current work focuses on developing new strategies to target ZIP4 and inhibit its CSC activities in EOC. We found that cells expressing high levels of ZIP4 were supersensitive to a group of inhibitors called HDACis. One of the major targets of these inhibitors is a protein called HDAC4. We revealed the new molecular bases for the ZIP4-HDAC4 axis and tested the efficacies of targeting this axis in the lab and in mouse models. Our study provides a new mechanistic-based targeting strategy for EOC. Abstract We have recently identified ZIP4 as a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). While it converts drug-resistance to cisplatin (CDDP), we unexpectedly found that ZIP4 induced sensitization of HGSOC cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Mechanistically, ZIP4 selectively upregulated HDAC IIa HDACs, with little or no effect on HDACs in other classes. HDAC4 knockdown (KD) and LMK-235 inhibited spheroid formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, with hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α) and endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as functional downstream mediators of HDAC4. Moreover, we found that ZIP4, HDAC4, and HIF1α were involved in regulating secreted VEGFA in HGSOC cells. Furthermore, we tested our hypothesis that co-targeting CSC via the ZIP4-HDAC4 axis and non-CSC using CDDP is necessary and highly effective by comparing the effects of ZIP4-knockout/KD, HDAC4-KD, and HDACis, in the presence or absence of CDDP on tumorigenesis in mouse models. Our results showed that the co-targeting strategy was highly effective. Finally, data from human HGSOC tissues showed that ZIP4 and HDAC4 were upregulated in a subset of recurrent tumors, justifying the clinical relevance of the study. In summary, our study provides a new mechanistic-based targeting strategy for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St. R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Oncology, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Robert E. Emerson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, 350 W. 11th Street, Room 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St. R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(317)-274-3972
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12
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Expression Analysis of Zinc Transporters in Nervous Tissue Cells Reveals Neuronal and Synaptic Localization of ZIP4. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094511. [PMID: 33925953 PMCID: PMC8123391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, research has shown that zinc ions play an essential role in the physiology of brain function. Zinc acts as a potent neuromodulatory agent and signaling ions, regulating healthy brain development and the function of both neurons and glial cells. Therefore, the concentration of zinc within the brain and its cells is tightly controlled. Zinc transporters are key regulators of (extra-) cellular zinc levels, and deregulation of zinc homeostasis and zinc transporters has been associated with neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, to date, the presence of specific family members and their subcellular localization within brain cells have not been investigated in detail. Here, we analyzed the expression of all zinc transporters (ZnTs) and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) in the rat brain. We further used primary rat neurons and rat astrocyte cell lines to differentiate between the expression found in neurons or astrocytes or both. We identified ZIP4 expressed in astrocytes but significantly more so in neurons, a finding that has not been reported previously. In neurons, ZIP4 is localized to synapses and found in a complex with major postsynaptic scaffold proteins of excitatory synapses. Synaptic ZIP4 reacts to short-term fluctuations in local zinc levels. We conclude that ZIP4 may have a so-far undescribed functional role at excitatory postsynapses.
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13
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Zhang L, Liu F, Weygant N, Zhang J, Hu P, Qin Z, Yang J, Cheng Q, Fan F, Zeng Y, Tang Y, Li Y, Tang A, He F, Peng J, Liao W, Hu Z, Li M, Liu Z. A novel integrated system using patient-derived glioma cerebral organoids and xenografts for disease modeling and drug screening. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:87-97. [PMID: 33309780 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A physiologically relevant glioma tumor model is important to the study of disease progression and screening drug candidates. However, current preclinical glioma models lack the brain microenvironment, and the established tumor cell lines do not represent glioma biology and cannot be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Here, we reported a real-time integrated system by generating 3D ex vivo cerebral organoids and in vivo xenograft tumors based on glioma patient-derived tissues and cells. Our system faithfully recapitulated the histological features, response to chemotherapy drugs, and clinical progression of their corresponding parental tumors. Additionally, our model successfully identified a case from a grade II astrocytoma patient with typical grade IV GBM features in both organoids and xenograft models, which mimicked the disease progression of this patient. Further genomic and transcriptomic characterization was associated with individual clinical features. We have demonstrated the "GBM-&Normal-like" signature to predict prognosis. In conclusion, we developed an integrated system of parallel models from patient-derived glioma cerebral organoids and xenografts for understanding the glioma biology and prediction of response to chemotherapy drugs, which might lead to a new strategy for personalized treatment for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1262A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1262A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1262A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongjian Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Fengqiong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Weihua Liao
- Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Zhongliang Hu
- Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1262A, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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14
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ZIP4 Is a Novel Cancer Stem Cell Marker in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123692. [PMID: 33316986 PMCID: PMC7764492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is one of the most deadly and heterogenic cancers. We have recently shown that ZIP4 (gene name SLC39A4), a zinc transporter, is functionally involved in cancer stem cell (CSC)-related cellular activities in HGSOC. Here, we identified ZIP4 as a novel CSC marker in HGSOC. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)-sorted ZIP4+, but not ZIP4- cells, formed spheroids and displayed self-renewing and differentiation abilities. Over-expression of ZIP4 conferred drug resistance properties in vitro. ZIP4+, but not ZIP4- cells, formed tumors/ascites in vivo. We conducted limiting dilution experiments and showed that 100-200 ZIP4+ cells from both PE04 and PEA2 cells formed larger tumors than those from 100-200 ALDH+ cells in mice. Mechanistically, we found that ZIP4 was an upstream regulator of another CSC-marker, NOTCH3, in HGSOC cells. NOTCH3 was functionally involved in spheroid formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo in HGSOC. Genetic compensation studies showed that NOTCH3, but not NOTCH1, was a critical downstream mediator of ZIP4. Furthermore, NOTCH3, but not NOTCH1, physically bound to ZIP4. Collectively, our data suggest that ZIP4 is a novel CSC marker and the new ZIP4-NOTCH3 axis represents important therapeutic targets in HGSOC.
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15
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Hu J. Toward unzipping the ZIP metal transporters: structure, evolution, and implications on drug discovery against cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:5805-5825. [PMID: 33296542 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family consists of divalent metal transporters, ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life. Since the discovery of the first ZIPs in the 1990s, the ZIP family has been expanding to contain tens of thousands of members playing key roles in uptake and homeostasis of life-essential trace elements, primarily zinc, iron and manganese. Some family members are also responsible for toxic metal (particularly cadmium) absorption and distribution. Their central roles in trace element biology, and implications in many human diseases, including cancers, have elicited interest across multiple disciplines for potential applications in biomedicine, agriculture and environmental protection. In this review and perspective, selected areas under rapid progress in the last several years, including structural biology, evolution, and drug discovery against cancers, are summarised and commented. Future research to address the most prominent issues associated with transport and regulation mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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16
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Thingholm TE, Rönnstrand L, Rosenberg PA. Why and how to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in ZIP and ZnT zinc transporter activity and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3085-3102. [PMID: 32076742 PMCID: PMC7391401 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is required for the regulation of proliferation, metabolism, and cell signaling. It is an intracellular second messenger, and the cellular level of ionic, mobile zinc is strictly controlled by zinc transporters. In mammals, zinc homeostasis is primarily regulated by ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters. The importance of these transporters is underscored by the list of diseases resulting from changes in transporter expression and activity. However, despite numerous structural studies of the transporters revealing both zinc binding sites and motifs important for transporter function, the exact molecular mechanisms regulating ZIP and ZnT activities are still not clear. For example, protein phosphorylation was found to regulate ZIP7 activity resulting in the release of Zn2+ from intracellular stores leading to phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases and activation of signaling pathways. In addition, sequence analyses predict all 24 human zinc transporters to be phosphorylated suggesting that protein phosphorylation is important for regulation of transporter function. This review describes how zinc transporters are implicated in a number of important human diseases. It summarizes the current knowledge regarding ZIP and ZnT transporter structures and points to how protein phosphorylation seems to be important for the regulation of zinc transporter activity. The review addresses the need to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in zinc transporter function and regulation, and argues for a pressing need to introduce quantitative phosphoproteomics to specifically target zinc transporters and proteins involved in zinc signaling. Finally, different quantitative phosphoproteomic strategies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Thingholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - L Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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17
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Santangelo R, Rizzarelli E, Copani A. Role for Metallothionein-3 in the Resistance of Human U87 Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17900-17907. [PMID: 32743161 PMCID: PMC7392386 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that are overexpressed in various human cancers and are thought to be associated with resistance to cytotoxic drugs. The knowledge on MT expression, regulation, and function in human gliomas is limited. We found that MT3 mRNA was highly expressed in cell lines derived from grade IV gliomas (i.e., A172 and U87 cells), as compared to grade II astrocytoma cells (i.e., 1321N1). Different from 1321N1, U87 cells were partly resistant to the alkylating drug, temozolomide (TMZ) (100 μM for 96 h), which induced a massive accumulation of U87 into the S and G2 fractions of the cell cycle but not apoptotic death. Silencing of MT3 did not significantly affect U87 cell proliferation and survival, but it delayed G1/S transition and favored the occurrence of apoptosis in TMZ-treated cells. Accordingly, the combination of MT3 silencing and TMZ treatment increased the protein levels of checkpoint kinase-1, which was ultimately responsible for the lasting G1 arrest and death of double treated U87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Santangelo
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Institute
of Crystallography, National Council of
Research, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Institute
of Crystallography, National Council of
Research, 95125 Catania, Italy
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18
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Xia C, Chen X, Li J, Chen P. SLC39A4 as a Novel Prognosis Marker Promotes Tumor Progression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3999-4008. [PMID: 32494154 PMCID: PMC7227820 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 39 member 4 (SLC39A4) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several cancers. However, the role of SLC39A4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance and function of SLC39A4 in ESCC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were analyzed to assess the level of SLC39A4 in ESCC. The expression level of SLC39A4 was measured by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 73 patients aged 45-65 years with ESCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to identify the correlation between SLC39A4 and the prognosis of ESCC patients. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the biological function of SLC39A4 in ESCC cell line TE-1 and TE-10. Results The mRNA level of SLC39A4 was significantly enhanced in ESCC specimens, which was in line with the outcome of online databases analysis. Moreover, the aberrant expression of SLC39A4 was positively correlated with clinical stage, T categories and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that elevated SLC39A4 expression predicted poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments showed that SLC39A4 knockdown not only impaired the proliferation and motility capacities of ESCC cells but also enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SLC39A4 could serve as a novel prognosis biomarker to promote ESCC progression; however, the mechanism of SLC39A4 in ESCC remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
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19
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Xu Y, Xiao G, Liu L, Lang M. Zinc transporters in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2019; 12:106. [PMID: 31818314 PMCID: PMC6902570 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Due to the increase in population and longevity, incidence will triple by the middle of the twenty-first century. So far, no treatment has prevented or reversed the disease. More than 20 years of multidisciplinary studies have shown that brain zinc dyshomeostasis may play a critical role in AD progression, which provides encouraging clues for metal-targeted therapies in the treatment of AD. Unfortunately, the pilot clinical application of zinc chelator and/or ionophore strategy, such as the use of quinoline-based compounds, namely clioquinol and PBT2, has not yet been successful. The emerging findings revealed a list of key zinc transporters whose mRNA or protein levels were abnormally altered at different stages of AD brains. Furthermore, specifically modulating the expression of some of the zinc transporters in the central nervous system through genetic methods slowed down or prevented AD progression in animal models, resulting in significantly improved cognitive performance, movement, and prolonged lifespan. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, it shed new light on the treatment or prevention of the disease. This review considers recent advances regarding AD, zinc and zinc transporters, recapitulating their relationships in extending our current understanding of the disease amelioration effects of zinc transport proteins as potential therapeutic targets to cure AD, and it may also provide new insights to identify novel therapeutic strategies for ageing and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuo Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guiran Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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20
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Zeng Q, Liu YM, Liu J, Han J, Guo JX, Lu S, Huang XM, Yi P, Lang JY, Zhang P, Wang CT. Inhibition of ZIP4 reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and enhances the radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:588. [PMID: 31383854 PMCID: PMC6683154 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ZIP4 is a zinc transporter involved in epithelial cell morphology and migration in various cancers. In the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells transition into mesenchymal cells. The EMT plays a crucial role in invasiveness and metastasis during tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ZIP4 in the invasiveness and radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, results from 99 human patients with NPC showed that ZIP4 expression levels significantly correlated with a higher TN (tumor, lymph node) classification, as well as shorter overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Forced overexpression of ZIP4 promoted the migration and invasion of C666-1 cells through regulation of the EMT process. In contrast, ZIP4 silencing by lentivirus-mediated shRNA inhibited the EMT and metastasis of C666-1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, protein microarray analyses showed that downregulation of ZIP4 in C666-1 cells resulted in the decreased abundance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85 (Tyr607), phosphorylated (p)-Akt (Ser473), phosphorylated (p)-Akt (Thr308), and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (pGSK3β; Ser9). These data suggest that ZIP4 induces the EMT and promotes migration and invasion via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in NPC. Moreover, ZIP4 silencing significantly enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition of human C666-1 cells in vitro and enhanced the antitumor activity of ionizing radiation (IR), leading to tumor growth inhibition in vivo. These results demonstrate that ZIP4 is a novel prognostic factor for malignant NPC progression. More importantly, targeting ZIP4, along with radiotherapy, may be an effective new treatment for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Min Liu
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgey, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Mei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Yi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chun-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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21
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The histidine-rich loop in the extracellular domain of ZIP4 binds zinc and plays a role in zinc transport. Biochem J 2019; 476:1791-1803. [PMID: 31164399 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family mediates zinc influx from extracellular space or intracellular vesicles/organelles, playing a central role in systemic and cellular zinc homeostasis. Out of the 14 family members encoded in human genome, ZIP4 is exclusively responsible for zinc uptake from dietary food and dysfunctional mutations of ZIP4 cause a life-threatening genetic disorder, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica (AE). About half of the missense AE-causing mutations occur within the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD), and our previous study has shown that ZIP4-ECD is crucial for optimal zinc uptake but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. In this work, we examined zinc binding to the isolated ZIP4-ECD from Pteropus Alecto (black fruit bat) and located zinc-binding sites with a low micromolar affinity within a histidine-rich loop ubiquitously present in ZIP4 proteins. Zinc binding to this protease-susceptible loop induces a small and highly localized structural perturbation. Mutagenesis and functional study on human ZIP4 by using an improved cell-based zinc uptake assay indicated that the histidine residues within this loop are not involved in preselection of metal substrate but play a role in promoting zinc transport. The possible function of the histidine-rich loop as a metal chaperone facilitating zinc binding to the transport site and/or a zinc sensor allosterically regulating the transport machinery was discussed. This work helps to establish the structure/function relationship of ZIP4 and also sheds light on other metal transporters and metalloproteins with clustered histidine residues.
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22
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Ahern ME, Bafaro EM, Cowan A, Dempski RE. Quantifying the Oligomeric State of hZIP4 on the Surface of Cells. Biochemistry 2019; 58:1705-1708. [PMID: 30874431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human (h) zinc transporter ZIP4 is expressed on the plasma membrane and functions to increase cytosolic zinc levels. Mutations in hZIP4 cause the disease acrodermatitis enteropathica. Dysfunction in the regulation of hZIP4 has also been indicated in solid tissue cancers, including pancreatic and prostate cancer. Although structural studies of the extracellular domain and computational modeling of the membrane domain suggest hZIP4 exists as a dimer, the oligomerization status of hZIP4 in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells has not been directly quantified in vivo. Here, the oligomeric state of hZIP4 expressed in HEK293 cells was quantified using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. hZIP4 was tagged with eGFP, and by comparing brightness values (ε) of monomer and tandem eGFP constructs to that of an hZIP4/eGFP, we show that hZIP4 is a dimer. Determining that hZIP4 is a dimer is an important step toward understanding the function and processing of the protein, which can provide more insight into how diseases affected by hZIP4 occur and can be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Ahern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609-2247 , United States
| | - Elizabeth M Bafaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609-2247 , United States
| | - Ann Cowan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , Connecticut 06030 , United States
| | - Robert E Dempski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609-2247 , United States
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23
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Bafaro EM, Maciejewski MW, Hoch JC, Dempski RE. Concomitant disorder and high-affinity zinc binding in the human zinc- and iron-regulated transport protein 4 intracellular loop. Protein Sci 2019; 28:868-880. [PMID: 30793391 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human zinc- and iron-regulated transport protein 4 (hZIP4) protein is the major plasma membrane protein responsible for the uptake of zinc in the body, and as such it plays a key role in cellular zinc homeostasis. hZIP4 plasma membrane levels are regulated through post-translational modification of its large, disordered, histidine-rich cytosolic loop (ICL2) in response to intracellular zinc concentrations. Here, structural characteristics of the isolated disordered loop region, both in the absence and presence of zinc, were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR chemical shifts, coupling constants and temperature coefficients of the apoprotein, are consistent with a random coil with minor propensities for transient polyproline Type II helices and β-strand in regions implicated in post-translational modifications. The ICL2 protein remains disordered upon zinc binding, which induces exchange broadening. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments reveal that the histidine-rich region in the apoprotein makes transient tertiary contacts with predicted post-translational modification sites. The residue-specific data presented here strengthen the relationship between hZIP4 post-translational modifications, which impact its role in cellular zinc homeostasis, and zinc sensing by the intracellular loop. Furthermore, the zinc sensing mechanism employed by the ICL2 protein demonstrates that high-affinity interactions can occur in the presence of conformational disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bafaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - Mark W Maciejewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Jeffrey C Hoch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Robert E Dempski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
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24
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Jin H, Liu P, Wu Y, Meng X, Wu M, Han J, Tan X. Exosomal zinc transporter ZIP4 promotes cancer growth and is a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2946-2956. [PMID: 30007115 PMCID: PMC6125444 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with rapid disease progression. Further elucidation of its underlying molecular mechanisms and novel biomarkers for early detection is necessary. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are released by multiple cell types acting as message carriers during intercellular communication and are promising biomarker candidates. However, the role of pancreatic cancer cell‐derived exosomes in cancer progression and the application of these vesicles as novel diagnostic biomarkers have not been fully studied. In this study, we found that PC‐1.0 (a highly malignant pancreatic cell line) cell‐derived exosomes could be taken up by and enhance PC‐1 (a moderately malignant pancreatic cell line) cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. We identified ZIP4 as the most upregulated exosomal protein in PC‐1.0 cells from our proteomic analysis. In vitro and in vivo (a subcutaneous BALB/c nude mouse model) studies showed that exosomal ZIP4 can significantly promote pancreatic cancer growth. Using clinical blood samples, we compared the diagnostic values of serum exosomal ZIP4 levels between malignant pancreatic cancer patients (n = 24) and benign pancreatic disease patients (n = 32, AUC = .89), and between biliary disease patients (n = 32, AUC = .8112) and healthy controls (n = 46, AUC = .8931). In conclusion, exosomal ZIP4 promotes cancer growth and is a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Jin
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Thyroid and Pancreatic Surgery Ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangli Meng
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahong Han
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Thyroid and Pancreatic Surgery Ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Barresi V, Valenti G, Spampinato G, Musso N, Castorina S, Rizzarelli E, Condorelli DF. Transcriptome analysis reveals an altered expression profile of zinc transporters in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9707-9719. [PMID: 30129075 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a transition metal and catalytic cofactor involved in many biological processes including proliferation, development, differentiation, and metabolism. Zinc transporters (ZnTs) play a fundamental role in cellular zinc homeostasis. ZnTs are responsible of zinc efflux and are encoded by 10 genes belonging to solute carrier family 30A (SLC30A1-10), while zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT)/iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein (ZIP) transporters are responsible for the influx of zinc into the cytoplasm and are encoded by 14 genes belonging to solute carrier family 39A (SLC39A1-14). In this study, we analyzed, by transcriptome analysis, the microRNA levels of ZnT-encoding and ZIP-encoding genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples matched to normal colon tissues and in CRC cell lines. Results revealed an upregulation of specific ZnT and ZIP transcripts in CRC. Upregulation of SLC30A5, SLC30A6, SLC30A7 transcripts, encoding zinc efflux transporters ZnT5, ZnT6, ZnT7, localized on endoplasmic reticulum membranes, might be part of a coordinated transcriptional program associated to the increased activity of the early secretory pathway, while transcriptional upregulation of several specific ZIP transporters (SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A9, SLC39A10, and SLC39A11) could contribute in meeting the increased demand of zinc in cancer cells. Moreover, exon-level analysis of SLC30A9, a nuclear receptor coactivator involved in the transcriptional regulation of Wnt-responsive genes, revealed the differential expression of alternative transcripts in CRC and normal colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Fondazione Mediterranea "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, UOS Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy
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26
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Huang C, Cui X, Sun X, Yang J, Li M. Zinc transporters are differentially expressed in human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66935-66943. [PMID: 27611948 PMCID: PMC5341848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide, but its oncogenesis process remains unclear. Recent studies demonstrated that zinc (Zn) and Zn transporters were associated with the development and progression of human cancers. The role of Zn transporters including ZIPs and ZnTs in lung cancer, however, has never been evaluated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the expression levels of all human Zn transporters, including 14 ZIPs and 10 ZnTs, in eight different lung cancer cell lines and paired human tumor tissues. We observed great variations in ZIPs and ZnTs mRNA levels across cell lines and human lung cancer specimens. ZIPs showed a tendency to be upregulated, while ZnTs exhibited a downward expression trend. ZIP4 was overexpressed in six lung cancer cell lines and 59% (26/44) of tumor tissues, which was consistent with results from lung cancer datasets including TCGA database. Our results indicated that the dysregulation of Zn transporters may contribute to lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China.,The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiaotian Sun
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of August First Film Studio, Beijing 100161, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Min Li
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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27
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Yun DP, Wang YQ, Meng DL, Ji YY, Chen JX, Chen HY, Lu DR. Actin-capping protein CapG is associated with prognosis, proliferation and metastasis in human glioma. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:1011-1022. [PMID: 29399702 PMCID: PMC5802022 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. In the present study, we identified a vital oncoprotein, capping actin protein, gelsolin-like (CapG), and investigated its roles in the prognosis, proliferation and metastasis in glioma. The mRNA and protein levels of CapG were significantly increased in human glioma, and higher CapG expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting unfavorable prognosis. The expression level of CapG was found to be associated with several common molecular features of glioblastoma (GBM; WHO grade IV glioma) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. When analyzing the prognosis of GBM patients according to these molecular features, we observed that the prognostic value of CapG was affected by amplification of CDK6 or EGFR. However, overexpression of CapG markedly promoted cell growth in vitro, while depletion of CapG significantly inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the cell cycle in G1/S transition. Moreover, CapG manipulation in glioma cell lines U87 and U251 showed CapG-dependent cellular migration and invasiveness. These data suggest that CapG may serve as a prognostic biomarker with potentially important therapeutic implications for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - De-Long Meng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Da-Ru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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28
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Xie H, Zhao S, Liu S. Aging of Human Adult Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1086:105-115. [PMID: 30232755 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous development of stem cell research in recent years, it is realized that stem cell aging may be the core issue of organ aging. As an important approach and main content of regenerative medicine, the stem cell research brings great hope to overcome difficult diseases and improve the quality of life for human beings and become the key to solve this issue. Based on this research, the varying characteristics of stem cells in aging could be recognized; the role of stem cells in the organ aging and regeneration will be revealed; the function of stem cells will be controllable and regulatable in tissues and organs; the stem cells from tissues and organs with rapid or slow cell renewal (e.g., liver and neuron) could be continuously observed from the levels of cellular molecules and dynamic complex. With the assistance of systematical research approaches, the function and mechanism studies can be conducted via multi-perspectives and levels during the different stages of organ aging and regeneration. All of the abovementioned requires great efforts to thoroughly understand the basic rule and the way of stem cell regulation in organ aging and regeneration. Final to the end, the dream of antiaging, efficient repair, and organ remodeling could be realized and also can meet the major needs of population health and disease treatment in our country, meaningfully to contribute benefits for the health of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Zinc Transporter Proteins. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:517-530. [PMID: 29243032 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, which is involved in the structure of all enzyme classes, is a micro nutrient element and necessary for growth and development. The ability of zinc to function without causing toxic effects is depends on the protection of its homeostasis. Zinc transporter proteins are responsible for keeping zinc at certain concentrations. Based on their predicted membrane topology, Zn transporters are divided into two major families, SLC39s/ZIPs and SLC30s/ZnTs, which transport Zn in opposite directions through cellular and intracellular membranes. ZIPs increases the zinc concentration in the cytosol. For this, the ZIPs carries the zinc from extracellular and intracellular compartments to the cytosol. ZnTs, reduces the concentration of zinc in the cytosol. For this, ZnTs carries the zinc from the cytosol to extracellular and intracellular compartments. After being transported to the cell, 50% of the zinc is found in the cytoplasm, 30-40% in the nucleus, and 10% in the plasma and organelle membranes. The expression of many zinc transporter proteins in the cell is depending on the concentration of zinc and the physiological problems. The aim of this study is to give information about association of zinc transporter proteins with physiological events and health problems.
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30
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SLC39A4 expression is associated with enhanced cell migration, cisplatin resistance, and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7211. [PMID: 28775359 PMCID: PMC5543149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc transporter SLC39A4 influences epithelial cell morphology and migration in various cancers; however, its role in regulating cell invasion and chemotherapeutic resistance in human lung cancer is not yet clear. Here, integrated analysis of gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer revealed that SLC39A4 expression is significantly correlated with increased tumour size and regional lymph node spread, as well as shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). SLC39A4 silencing by lentivirus-mediated shRNA blocked human lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, SLC39A4 knockdown enhanced cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin-induced death by inhibiting stemness in lung cancer cells. Collectively, these data suggest that SLC39A4 may be a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumour metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.
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31
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Nishikawa M, Mori H, Hara M. Analysis of ZIP (Zrt-, Irt-related protein) transporter gene expression in murine neural stem/progenitor cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 53:81-88. [PMID: 28527331 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plays important roles for brain development. Zrt-, Irt-related protein (ZIP) is a major transporter family to regulate the intracellular zinc levels. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are more sensitive than their differentiated progeny (neural/glial cells) to zinc in vitro (Nishikawa et al., 2015). We analyzed relative gene expression of 14 different ZIPs in murine NSPCs and differentiated cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Expression of Zip4 and that of Zip12 drastically increased, while that of Zip8 clearly decreased after differentiation of NSPCs. Downregulation of NSPC's marker (Nes) and upregulation of differentiated cell markers (Tubb3; neuron, Gfap; astrocyte) occurred simultaneously. ZIP8 protein was immunochemically detected both in cultured neurospheres consisting of NSPCs in vitro and in subventricular zone of embryonic mouse brain in vivo, like a novel surface marker of NSPCs. We considered that required types of ZIP changed during the differetiation of NSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
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32
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Li Q, Jin J, Liu J, Wang L, He Y. Knockdown of Zinc Transporter ZIP5 by RNA Interference Inhibits Esophageal Cancer Growth In Vivo. Oncol Res 2017; 24:205-14. [PMID: 27458102 PMCID: PMC7838672 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14648701447896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently found that SLC39A5 (ZIP5), a zinc transporter, is overexpressed in esophageal cancer. Downregulation of ZIP5 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE170 in vitro. In this study, we found that downregulation of SLC39A5 (ZIP5) by interference resulted in a significant reduction in esophageal cancer tumor volume and weight in vivo. COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2) expression was decreased and E-cadherin expression was increased in the KYSE170K xenografts, which was caused by the downregulation of ZIP5. However, we did not find that the downregulation of ZIP5 caused a change in the relative expressions of cyclin D1, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), MMP9 (matrix metalloprotein 9), and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukmia-2) mRNA or an alteration in the average level of zinc in the peripheral blood and xenografts in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that knocking down ZIP5 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) might be a novel treatment strategy for esophageal cancer with ZIP5 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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33
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Pan Z, Choi S, Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Yang JM, Beattie JH, Korichneva I. Zinc transporters and dysregulated channels in cancers. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:623-643. [PMID: 27814637 DOI: 10.2741/4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a nutritionally essential metal ion, zinc (Zn) not only constitutes a structural element for more than 3000 proteins but also plays important regulatory functions in cellular signal transduction. Zn homeostasis is tightly controlled by regulating the flux of Zn across cell membranes through specific transporters, i.e. ZnT and ZIP family proteins. Zn deficiency and malfunction of Zn transporters have been associated with many chronic diseases including cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying Zn regulatory functions in cellular signaling and their impact on the pathogenesis and progression of cancers remain largely unknown. In addition to these acknowledged multifunctions, Zn modulates a wide range of ion channels that in turn may also play an important role in cancer biology. The goal of this review is to propose how zinc deficiency, through modified Zn homeostasis, transporter activity and the putative regulatory function of Zn can influence ion channel activity, and thereby contribute to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. This review intends to stimulate interest in, and support for research into the understanding of Zn-modulated channels in cancers, and to search for novel biomarkers facilitating effective clinical stratification of high risk cancer patients as well as improved prevention and therapy in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Pan
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Sangyong Choi
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Sciences, EA 4667, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - John H Beattie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Irina Korichneva
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Sciences, EA 4667, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
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Zinc and zinc-containing biomolecules in childhood brain tumors. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1199-1215. [PMID: 27638340 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc ions are essential cofactors of a wide range of enzymes, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins. Moreover, zinc is also involved in cellular signaling and enzymes inhibition. Zinc dysregulation, deficiency, over-supply, and imbalance in zinc ion transporters regulation are connected with various diseases including cancer. A zinc ion pool is maintained by two types of proteins: (i) zinc-binding proteins, which act as a buffer and intracellular donors of zinc and (ii) zinc transporters responsible for zinc fluxes into/from cells and organelles. The decreased serum zinc ion levels have been identified in patients suffering from various cancer diseases, including head and neck tumors and breast, prostate, liver, and lung cancer. On the contrary, increased zinc ion levels have been found in breast cancer and other malignant tissues. Zinc metalloproteomes of a majority of tumors including brain ones are still not yet fully understood. Current knowledge show that zinc ion levels and detection of certain zinc-containing proteins may be utilized for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, these proteins can also be promising therapeutic targets. The aim of the present work is an overview of the importance of zinc ions, zinc transporters, and zinc-containing proteins in brain tumors, which are, after leukemia, the second most common type of childhood cancer and the second leading cause of death in children after accidents.
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Structural insights of ZIP4 extracellular domain critical for optimal zinc transport. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11979. [PMID: 27321477 PMCID: PMC4915132 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ZIP zinc transporter family is responsible for zinc uptake from the extracellular milieu or intracellular vesicles. The LIV-1 subfamily, containing nine out of the 14 human ZIP proteins, is featured with a large extracellular domain (ECD). The critical role of the ECD is manifested by disease-causing mutations on ZIP4, a representative LIV-1 protein. Here we report the first crystal structure of a mammalian ZIP4-ECD, which reveals two structurally independent subdomains and an unprecedented dimer centred at the signature PAL motif. Structure-guided mutagenesis, cell-based zinc uptake assays and mapping of the disease-causing mutations indicate that the two subdomains play pivotal but distinct roles and that the bridging region connecting them is particularly important for ZIP4 function. These findings lead to working hypotheses on how ZIP4-ECD exerts critical functions in zinc transport. The conserved dimeric architecture in ZIP4-ECD is also demonstrated to be a common structural feature among the LIV-1 proteins.
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Zinc transporter ZIP10 forms a heteromer with ZIP6 which regulates embryonic development and cell migration. Biochem J 2016; 473:2531-44. [PMID: 27274087 PMCID: PMC4980808 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is involved in cell migration during embryo development and in cancer. We show that a zinc transporter consisting of two proteins, ZIP6 and ZIP10, stimulates both cell migration and division in mammalian cells and in the zebrafish embryo. There is growing evidence that zinc and its transporters are involved in cell migration during development and in cancer. In the present study, we show that zinc transporter ZIP10 (SLC39A10) stimulates cell motility and proliferation, both in mammalian cells and in the zebrafish embryo. This is associated with inactivation of GSK (glycogen synthase kinase)-3α and -3β and down-regulation of E-cadherin (CDH1). Morpholino-mediated knockdown of zip10 causes delayed epiboly and deformities of the head, eye, heart and tail. Furthermore, zip10 deficiency results in overexpression of cdh1, zip6 and stat3, the latter gene product driving transcription of both zip6 and zip10. The non-redundant requirement of Zip6 and Zip10 for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is consistent with our finding that they exist as a heteromer. We postulate that a subset of ZIPs carrying prion protein (PrP)-like ectodomains, including ZIP6 and ZIP10, are integral to cellular pathways and plasticity programmes, such as EMT.
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Wehmas LC, Tanguay RL, Punnoose A, Greenwood JA. Developing a Novel Embryo-Larval Zebrafish Xenograft Assay to Prioritize Human Glioblastoma Therapeutics. Zebrafish 2016; 13:317-29. [PMID: 27158859 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer requiring improved treatments. Existing methods of drug discovery and development require years before new therapeutics become available to patients. Zebrafish xenograft models hold promise for prioritizing drug development. We have developed an embryo-larval zebrafish xenograft assay in which cancer cells are implanted in a brain microenvironment to discover and prioritize compounds that impact glioblastoma proliferation, migration, and invasion. We illustrate the utility of our assay by evaluating the well-studied, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which demonstrate selective cancer cytotoxicity in cell culture, but the in vivo effectiveness has not been established. Exposures of 3.125-6.25 μM LY294002 significantly decreased proliferation up to 34% with concentration-dependent trends. Exposure to 6.25 μM LY294002 significantly inhibited migration/invasion by ∼27% within the glioblastoma cell mass (0-80 μm) and by ∼32% in the next distance region (81-160 μm). Unexpectedly, ZnO enhanced glioblastoma proliferation by ∼19% and migration/invasion by ∼35% at the periphery of the cell mass (161+ μm); however, dissolution of these NPs make it difficult to discern whether this was a nano or ionic effect. These results demonstrate that we have a short, relevant, and sensitive zebrafish-based assay to aid glioblastoma therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Christine Wehmas
- 1 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- 1 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Alex Punnoose
- 2 Department of Physics, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho
| | - Juliet A Greenwood
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
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Meng D, Chen Y, Yun D, Zhao Y, Wang J, Xu T, Li X, Wang Y, Yuan L, Sun R, Song X, Huai C, Hu L, Yang S, Min T, Chen J, Chen H, Lu D. High expression of N-myc (and STAT) interactor predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4901-19. [PMID: 25669971 PMCID: PMC4467123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most malignant brain tumor and glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type. The involvement of N-myc (and STAT) interactor (NMI) in tumorigenesis was sporadically reported but far from elucidation. This study aims to investigate roles of NMI in human glioma. Three independent cohorts, the Chinese tissue microarray (TMA) cohort (N = 209), the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt) cohort (N = 371) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (N = 528 or 396) were employed. Transcriptional or protein levels of NMI expression were significantly increased according to tumor grade in all three cohorts. High expression of NMI predicted significantly unfavorable clinical outcome for GBM patients, which was further determined as an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, expression and prognostic value of NMI were associated with molecular features of GBM including PTEN deletion and EGFR amplification in TCGA cohort. Furthermore, overexpression or depletion of NMI revealed its regulation on G1/S progression and cell proliferation (both in vitro and in vivo), and this effect was partially dependent on STAT1, which interacted with and was regulated by NMI. These data demonstrate that NMI may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochuan Sun
- The Eighth Department of General Surgery and Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Huai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingna Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Yang
- The Eighth Department of General Surgery and Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Taishan Min
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kang X, Chen R, Zhang J, Li G, Dai PG, Chen C, Wang HJ. Expression Profile Analysis of Zinc Transporters (ZIP4, ZIP9, ZIP11, ZnT9) in Gliomas and their Correlation with IDH1 Mutation Status. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3355-60. [PMID: 25921144 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporters have been considered as essential regulators in many cancers; however, their mechanisms remain unknown, especially in gliomas. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) mutation is crucial to glioma. This study aimed to investigate whether zinc transporters are correlated with glioma grade and IDH1 mutation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS IDH1 mutation status and mRNA expression of four zinc transporters (ZIP4, ZIP9, ZIP11, and ZnT9) were determined by subjecting a panel of 74 glioma tissue samples to quantitative real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. The correlations between the expression levels of these zinc transporter genes and the grade of glioma, as well as IDH1 mutation status, were investigated. RESULTS Among the four zinc transporter genes, high ZIP4 expression and low ZIP11 expression were significantly associated with higher grade (grades III and IV) tumors compared with lower grade (grades I and II) counterparts (p<0.0001). However, only ZIP11 exhibited weak correlation with IDH1 mutation status (p=0.045). Samples with mutations in IDH1 displayed higher ZIP11 expression than those without IDH1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS This finding indicated that zinc transporters may interact with IDH1 mutation by direct modulation or action in some shared pathways or genes to promote the development of glioma. Zinc transporters may play an important role in glioma. ZIP4 and ZIP11 are promising molecular diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the detailed biological function of zinc transporters and the mechanism of the potential interaction between ZIP11 and IDH1 mutation in gliomagenesis should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China E-mail : ,
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Liu Y, Hu H, Wang K, Zhang C, Wang Y, Yao K, Yang P, Han L, Kang C, Zhang W, Jiang T. Multidimensional analysis of gene expression reveals TGFB1I1-induced EMT contributes to malignant progression of astrocytomas. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12593-606. [PMID: 25333259 PMCID: PMC4350345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant progression of astrocytoma is a multistep process with the integration of genetic abnormalities including grade progression and subtypes transition. Established biomarkers of astrocytomas, like IDH1 and TP53 mutation, were not associated with malignant progression. To identify new biomarker(s) contributing to malignant progression, we collected 252 samples with whole genome mRNA expression profile [34 normal brain tissue (NBT), 136 grade II astrocytoma (AII) and 82 grade III astrocytoma (AIII)]. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that EMT-associated pathways were most significantly altered along with tumor grades progress with up-regulation of 17 genes. Up-regulation of these genes was further confirmed by RNA-sequencing in 128 samples. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of these genes indicates a poor survival outcome. We focused on TGFB1I1 (TGF-β1 induced transcript 1) whose expression correlation with WHO grades was further validated by qPCR in 6 cell lines of different grades and 49 independent samples (36 AIIs and 13 AIIIs). High expression of TGFB1I1 was found associated with subtype transition and EMT pathways activation. The conclusion was confirmed using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays. Studies in vitro and in vivo using TGF-β1 and TGFB1I1 shRNA demonstrated that TGFB1I1 is required for TGF-β stimulated EMT that contributes to malignant progression of astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Lei Han
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), China. China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China. Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Bafaro EM, Antala S, Nguyen TV, Dzul SP, Doyon B, Stemmler TL, Dempski RE. The large intracellular loop of hZIP4 is an intrinsically disordered zinc binding domain. Metallomics 2015; 7:1319-30. [PMID: 25882556 PMCID: PMC4558264 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The human (h) ZIP4 transporter is a plasma membrane protein which functions to increase the cytosolic concentration of zinc. hZIP4 transports zinc into intestinal cells and therefore has a central role in the absorption of dietary zinc. hZIP4 has eight transmembrane domains and encodes a large intracellular loop between transmembrane domains III and IV, M3M4. Previously, it has been postulated that this domain regulates hZIP4 levels in the plasma membrane in a zinc-dependent manner. The objective of this research was to examine the zinc binding properties of the large intracellular loop of hZIP4. Therefore, we have recombinantly expressed and purified M3M4 and showed that this domain binds two zinc ions. Using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, metal binding affinity assays, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the two Zn(2+) ions bind sequentially, with the first Zn(2+) binding to a CysHis3 site with a nanomolar binding affinity, and the second Zn(2+) binding to a His4 site with a weaker affinity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the M3M4 domain is intrinsically disordered, with only a small structural change induced upon Zn(2+) coordination. Our data supports a model in which the intracellular M3M4 domain senses high cytosolic Zn(2+) concentrations and regulates the plasma membrane levels of the hZIP4 transporter in response to Zn(2+) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bafaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Bogale A, Clarke SL, Fiddler J, Hambidge KM, Stoecker BJ. Zinc Supplementation in a Randomized Controlled Trial Decreased ZIP4 and ZIP8 mRNA Abundance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Adult Women. Nutr Metab Insights 2015; 8:7-14. [PMID: 26023281 PMCID: PMC4431478 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an integral role in numerous cellular processes including regulation of gene expression. This randomized placebo-controlled trial in adult women evaluated the effects of 20 mg Zn for 23 days. The mRNA abundance of zinc transporters (ZnT1/ZIP3/ZIP4/ZIP8) and metallothionein (MT1) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In paired samples (n = 6-9), the ZIP4 (P = 0.036) and ZIP8 (P = 0.038) mRNA abundance decreased following zinc supplementation. ZnT1, ZIP3, and MT1 mRNA abundance did not change significantly. The mean ± standard deviation plasma zinc concentration (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) at baseline was 680 ± 110 μg/L for the zinc group (n = 24) and 741 ± 92 μg/L for the placebo group (n = 23). At endpoint, plasma zinc in the zinc group increased to 735 ± 80 μg/L (P < 0.01) while in the placebo group (717 ± 100 μg/L) it did not change significantly from baseline. The change in mRNA abundance highlights the importance of further investigating ZIP4 and ZIP8 mRNA abundance as potential zinc status biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemtsehay Bogale
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Stephen L. Clarke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Joanna Fiddler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Barbara J. Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Wang Y, Wang K, Li H, Wang J, Wang L, Dai J, Jiang T, Ma J. Identifying the association of contrast enhancement with vascular endothelia growth factor expression in anaplastic gliomas: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121380. [PMID: 25823012 PMCID: PMC4379034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast enhancement is a crucial radiologic feature of malignant brain tumors, which are associated with genetic changes of the tumor. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential relationship among tumor contrast enhancement with MR imaging, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and survival outcome in anaplastic gliomas. MR images from 240 patients with histologically confirmed anaplastic gliomas were retrospectively analyzed. The volumes of T2 hyperintense, contrast enhanced regions and necrotic regions on postcontrast T1-weighted images were measured. The ratio of the enhanced volume to necrotic volume was compared between patients with high versus low levels of VEGF expression and was further used in the survival analysis. The volumetric ratio of enhancement to necrosis was significantly higher in patients with low VEGF expression than in those with high VEGF expression (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.009). In addition, the enhancement/necrosis ratio was identified as a significant predictor of progression-free survival (Cox regression model, p = 0.004) and overall survival (Cox regression model, p = 0.006) in the multivariate analysis. These results suggest that the volumetric ratio of enhancement to necrosis could serve as a noninvasive radiographic marker associated with VEGF expression and that this ratio is an independent predictor for progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with anaplastic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyan Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongming Li
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JM); (TJ)
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JM); (TJ)
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Kambe T, Hashimoto A, Fujimoto S. Current understanding of ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters in human health and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3281-95. [PMID: 24710731 PMCID: PMC11113243 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zinc transporters, the Zrt-, Irt-like protein (ZIP) family and the Zn transporter (ZnT) family transporters, are found in all aspects of life. Increasing evidence has clarified the molecular mechanism, in which both transporters play critical roles in cellular and physiological functions via mobilizing zinc across the cellular membrane. In the last decade, mutations in ZIP and ZnT transporter genes have been shown to be implicated in a number of inherited human diseases. Moreover, dysregulation of expression and activity of both transporters has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic diseases including cancer, immunological impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases, although comprehensive understanding is far from complete. The diverse phenotypes of diseases related to ZIP and ZnT transporters reflect the multifarious biological functions of both transporters. The present review summarizes the current understanding of ZIP and ZnT transporter functions from the standpoint of human health and diseases. The study of zinc transporters is currently of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan,
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Xu C, Wallace MB, Yang J, Jiang L, Zhai Q, Zhang Y, Hong C, Chen Y, Frank TS, Stauffer JA, Asbun HJ, Raimondo M, Woodward TA, Li Z, Guha S, Zheng L, Li M. ZIP4 is a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in human pancreatic cancer: a systemic comparison between EUS-FNA and surgical specimens. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:309-15. [PMID: 24345208 PMCID: PMC6870177 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131217112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of a zinc transporter ZIP4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been shown to contribute to tumor progression and is a potential target for individualized therapy. The overall objective of this study was to determine whether ZIP4 could serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in human PDAC, and if it can be assessed by minimally invasive sampling using endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare ZIP4 expression in the PDAC samples obtained from EUS-FNA and matched surgical tumors (parallel control). Samples were reported by sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, all with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 23 cases with both FNA and surgical specimens were evaluated. We found that ZIP4 was significantly overexpressed in tumor cells from both sets of samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ZIP4 for the diagnosis of PDAC were 72.9%, 72.5%, 76.1%, and 69.0% in EUS-FNA samples, and were 97.9%, 65.4%, 83.9%, and 94.4% in surgical specimens, respectively. The association between the positive rate of ZIP4 expression in FNA and surgical samples is statistically significant (P=0.0216). Both the intensity and percentage of ZIP4 positive cells from the surgical samples correlated significantly with tumor stage (P=0.0025 and P=0.0002). ZIP4 intensity level in FNA samples was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and patient survival. These results indicate that EUS-FNA is capable of non-operative detection of ZIP4, thus offering the potential to direct pre-operative detection and targeted therapy of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSE R131, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Cui X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Sun X, Hagan JP, Guha S, Li M. ZIP4 confers resistance to zinc deficiency-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1180-6. [PMID: 24553114 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the zinc importer ZIP4 as a critical factor that enhances pancreatic cancer proliferation; however, the role of ZIP4 in promoting pancreatic cancer progression by regulating apoptosis requires elucidation. To determine the effect of ZIP4 on apoptosis, we used cell lines where ZIP4 levels were upregulated or silenced in combination with Chelex 100 treatment to deplete intracellular zinc. Pancreatic cancer xenografts derived from those cells were also included. TUNEL and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure apoptosis and western blotting was used to analyze protein expression for PARP and multiple caspases. Cell cycle profiles were examined by flow cytometry. Zinc depletion by Chelex induced more apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in comparison to normal medium, where almost no apoptosis was observed. ZIP4 stably overexpressed MIA PaCa-2 (MIA-ZIP4) cells were more resistant to zinc depletion-induced apoptosis compared with vector control. Conversely, AsPC-1 (AsPC-shZIP4) cells with stable knockdown of ZIP4 were more sensitive to zinc deficiency than control. Resistance to apoptosis mediated by ZIP4 was accomplished by the caspase pathway. In vivo data also confirmed that ZIP4 overexpressed xenografts showed less apoptosis than controls. Cell cycle profiles indicate that silencing of ZIP4 leads to decreased cell population in S phase and G 0/G 1 arrest. These results described a previously uncharacterized role of ZIP4 in apoptosis resistance and elucidated a novel pathway through which ZIP4 regulates pancreatic cancer growth. This research provides additional evidence for ZIP4 and related signaling cascade as a molecular target for therapeutic intervention in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Cui
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiaotian Sun
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Department of Gastroenterology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - John P Hagan
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| | - Sushovan Guha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| | - Min Li
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA
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Han L, Zhang KL, Zhang JX, Zeng L, Di CH, Fee BE, Rivas M, Bao ZS, Jiang T, Bigner D, Kang CS, Adamson DC. AJAP1 is dysregulated at an early stage of gliomagenesis and suppresses invasion through cytoskeleton reorganization. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:429-37. [PMID: 24483339 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Down-regulation of AJAP1 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been reported. However, the expression profiles of AJAP1 in gliomas and the underlying mechanisms of AJAP1 function on invasion are still poorly understood. METHODS The gene profiles of AJAP1 in glioma patients were studied among four independent cohorts. Confocal imaging was used to analyze the AJAP1 localization. After AJAP1 overexpression in GBM cell lines, cellular polarity, cytoskeleton distribution, and antitumor effect were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS AJAP1 expression was significantly decreased in gliomas compared with normal brain in REMBRANDT and CGCA cohorts. Additionally, low AJAP1 expression was associated with worse survival in GBMs in REMBRANDT and TCGA U133A cohorts and was significantly associated with classical and mesenchymal subtypes of GBMs among four cohorts. Confocal imaging indicated AJAP1 localized in cell membranes in low-grade gliomas and AJAP1-overexpressing GBM cells, but difficult to assess in high-grade gliomas due to its absence. AJAP1 overexpression altered the cytoskeleton and cellular polarity in vitro and inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AJAP1 is dysregulated at an early stage of gliomagenesis and may suppress glioma cell invasion and proliferation, which suggests that AJAP1 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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