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Salmaninejad A, Layeghi SM, Falakian Z, Golestani S, Kobravi S, Talebi S, Yousefi M. An update to experimental and clinical aspects of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer development: hopes and pitfalls. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 39003350 PMCID: PMC11246281 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating stromal cells, and their normal function in tumor microenvironment (TME) is to suppress tumor cells by producing cytokines which trigger both direct cell cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated immune response. However, upon prolonged exposure to TME, the classical function of these so-called M1-type TAMs can be converted to another type, "M2-type," which are recruited by tumor cells so that they promote tumor growth and metastasis. This is the reason why the accumulation of TAMs in TME is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Both M1- and M2-types have high degree of plasticity, and M2-type cells can be reprogrammed to M1-type for therapeutic purposes. This characteristic introduces TAMs as promising target for developing novel cancer treatments. In addition, inhibition of M2-type cells and blocking their recruitment in TME, as well as their depletion by inducing apoptosis, are other approaches for effective immunotherapy of cancer. In this review, we summarize the potential of TAMs to be targeted for cancer immunotherapy and provide an up-to-date about novel strategies for targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Mehrpour Layeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Falakian
- Department of Laboratory Science, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Shahin Golestani
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Kobravi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Dong K, Wu XN, Liu YQ, Yang L, Liu C, Wang HP, Gao ZW. The roles of adenosine signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29848. [PMID: 38699049 PMCID: PMC11064148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multiple etiological factors. Immune disorder contributes to SLE development and is an important clinical manifestation of SLE patients. Immune dysfunction is characterized by abnormal of B cells, T cells, monocyte-macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), in both quantity and quality. Adenosine is a critical factor for human immune homeostasis, which acts as an immunosuppressive signal and can prevent the hyperactivity of human immune system. Adenosine levels are significant decreased in serum from SLE patients. Adenosine level is regulated by the CD39, CD73 and adenosine deaminase (ADA). CD39/CD73/ADA catalyzed the cascade enzymatic reaction, which contained the adenosine generation and degradation. Adenosine affects the function of various immune cells via bind to the adenosine receptors, which are expressed on the cell surface. This review aims to export the changes of immune cells and adenosine signal pathway in SLE, as well as the effect of adenosine signal pathway in SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dong
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Xia-nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Ying-qi Liu
- No. 4 Company, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Hui-ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Zhao-wei Gao
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
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Wang H, Zhang J, Wei Z, Chen S, Zheng J, Li Y. The prognostic implications and tumor-promoting functions of CHSY3 in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364979. [PMID: 38812506 PMCID: PMC11133601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate synthase 3 (CHSY3) is an important enzyme that regulates glycosylation, but its role in tumors has not been determined. Here, we showed that high CHSY3 expression promotes proliferation in gastric cancer (GC) cells and is associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. We analyzed the immunohistochemistry data of 150 gastric cancer patients to determine the clinicopathological and survival significance of CHSY3. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the colocalization of CHSY3 with infiltrating immune cells. Additionally, CHSY3 was predominantly found in tumor tissues and showed higher abundance compared to matched adjacent tissues. High CHSY3 expression was associated with more advanced tumor stage, higher recurrence risk and worse survival. Immunohistochemistry and bioinformatic analysis revealed that CHSY3 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. Moreover, after knocking down CHSY3, the proliferation of cells was decreased, and the migration ability was reduced, as shown by scratch, monoclonal and transwell assays. In conclusion, this study revealed that CHSY3 has a tumor-promoting effect on GC, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junchang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoqi Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Q, Xu P, Jin M, Wang L, Hu F, Yang Q, Bi R, Xiao H, Jiang L, Ding F. circFTO from M2 macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) enhances NSCLC malignancy by regulation miR-148a-3pPDK4 axis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:91. [PMID: 38554157 PMCID: PMC10981622 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation studies found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a predominant cell in tumor microenvironment (TME), which function essentially during tumor progression. By releasing bioactive molecules, including circRNA, small extracellular vesicles (sEV) modulate immune cell functions in the TME, thereby affecting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Nevertheless, biology functions and molecular mechanisms of M2 macrophage-derived sEV circRNAs in NSCLC are unclear. METHODS Cellular experiments were conducted to verify the M2 macrophage-derived sEV (M2-EV) roles in NSCLC. Differential circRNA expression in M0 and M2-EV was validated by RNA sequencing. circFTO expression in NSCLC patients and cells was investigated via real-time PCR and FISH. The biological mechanism of circFTO in NSCLC was validated by experiments. Our team isolated sEV from M2 macrophages (M2Ms) and found that M2-EV treatment promoted NSCLC CP, migration, and glycolysis. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing found that circFTO was highly enriched in M2-EV. FISH and RT-qPCR confirmed that circFTO expression incremented in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Clinical studies confirmed that high circFTO expression correlated negatively with NSCLC patient survival. Luciferase reporter analysis confirmed that miR-148a-3p and PDK4 were downstream targets of circFTO. circFTO knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell growth and metastasis in in vivo experiments. Downregulating miR-148a-3p or overexpressing PDK4 restored the malignancy of NSCLC, including proliferation, migration, and aerobic glycolysis after circFTO silencing. CONCLUSION The study found that circFTO from M2-EV promoted NSCLC cell progression and glycolysis through miR-148a-3p/PDK4 axis. circFTO is a promising prognostic and diagnostic NSCLC biomarker and has the potential to be a candidate NSCLC therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianyong Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangbao Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Guo X, Zhang H, He C, Qin K, Lai Q, Fang Y, Chen Q, Li W, Wang Y, Wang X, Li A, Liu S, Li Q. RUNX1 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer by regulating the crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages. Biomark Res 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38419056 PMCID: PMC10903076 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Angiogenesis and metastasis are the critical hallmarks of malignant tumor. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an efficient transcription factor, facilitates CRC proliferation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. We aimed to investigate the RUNX1 mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and M2 polarized tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in CRC, as well as its relationship with neoplastic angiogenesis. We found that RUNX1 recruited macrophages and induced M2 polarized TAMs in CRC by promoting the production of chemokine 2 (CCL2) and the activation of Hedgehog pathway. In addition, we found that the M2 macrophage-specific generated cytokine, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, promoted vessel formation both in vitro and vivo. PDGF-BB was also found to enhance the expression of RUNX1 in CRC cell lines, and promote its migration and invasion in vitro. A positive feedback loop of RUNX1 and PDGF-BB was thus formed. In conclusion, our data suggest that RUNX1 promotes CRC angiogenesis by regulating M2 macrophages during the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs. This observation provides a potential combined therapy strategy targeting RUNX1 and TAMs-related PDGF-BB in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiwen Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weize Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Xian W, Asad M, Wu S, Bai Z, Li F, Lu J, Zu G, Brintnell E, Chen H, Mao Y, Zhou G, Liao B, Wu J, Wang E, You L. Distinct immune escape and microenvironment between RG-like and pri-OPC-like glioma revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Front Med 2024; 18:147-168. [PMID: 37955814 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The association of neurogenesis and gliogenesis with glioma remains unclear. By conducting single-cell RNA-seq analyses on 26 gliomas, we reported their classification into primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell (pri-OPC)-like and radial glia (RG)-like tumors and validated it in a public cohort and TCGA glioma. The RG-like tumors exhibited wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase and tended to carry EGFR mutations, and the pri-OPC-like ones were prone to carrying TP53 mutations. Tumor subclones only in pri-OPC-like tumors showed substantially down-regulated MHC-I genes, suggesting their distinct immune evasion programs. Furthermore, the two subgroups appeared to extensively modulate glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes in distinct manners. Some specific genes not expressed in normal immune cells were found in glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes. For example, glial/glioma stem cell markers OLIG1/PTPRZ1 and B cell-specific receptors IGLC2/IGKC were expressed in pri-OPC-like and RG-like glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Their expression was positively correlated with those of immune checkpoint genes (e.g., LGALS33) and poor survivals as validated by the increased expression of LGALS3 upon IGKC overexpression in Jurkat cells. This finding indicated a potential inhibitory role in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and could provide a new way of cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xian
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shuai Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhixin Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gaoyu Zu
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Erin Brintnell
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guomin Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bo Liao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Edwin Wang
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Linya You
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Qazi S, Talebi Z, Trieu V. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 (TGFB2) and Interferon Gamma Receptor 2 (IFNGR2) mRNA Levels in the Brainstem Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Significantly Impact Overall Survival in Pediatric DMG Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38255296 PMCID: PMC10813255 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This hypothesis-generating study characterized the mRNA expression profiles and prognostic impacts of antigen-presenting cell (APC) markers (CD14, CD163, CD86, and ITGAX/CD11c) in pediatric brainstem diffuse midline glioma (pbDMG) tumors. We also assessed the mRNA levels of two therapeutic targets, transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) and interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), for their biomarker potentials in these highly aggressive pbDMG tumors. The expressions of CD14, CD163, and ITGAX/CD11c mRNAs exhibited significant decreases of 1.64-fold (p = 0.037), 1.75-fold (p = 0.019), and 3.33-fold (p < 0.0001), respectively, in pbDMG tumors relative to those in normal brainstem/pons samples. The pbDMG samples with high levels of TGFB2 in combination with low levels of APC markers, reflecting the cold immune state of pbDMG tumors, exhibited significantly worse overall survival outcomes at low expression levels of CD14, CD163, and CD86. The expression levels of IFNGR2 and TGFB2 (1.51-fold increase (p = 0.002) and 1.58-fold increase (p = 5.5 × 10-4), respectively) were significantly upregulated in pbDMG tumors compared with normal brainstem/pons samples. We performed multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling that showed TGFB2 was a prognostic indicator (HR for patients in the TGFB2high group of pbDMG patients = 2.88 (1.12-7.39); p = 0.028) for poor overall survival (OS) and was independent of IFNGR2 levels, the age of the patient, and the significant interaction effect observed between IFNGR2 and TGFB2 (p = 0.015). Worse survival outcomes in pbDMG patients when comparing high versus low TGFB2 levels in the context of low IFNGR2 levels suggest that the abrogation of the TGFB2 mRNA expression in the immunologically cold tumor microenvironment can be used to treat pbDMG patients. Furthermore, pbDMG patients with low levels of JAK1 or STAT1 mRNA expression in combination with high levels of TGFB2 also exhibited poor OS outcomes, suggesting that the inclusion of (interferon-gamma) IFN-γ to stimulate and activate JAK1 and STAT1 in anti-tumor APC cells present the brainstem TME can enhance the effect of the TGFB2 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjive Qazi
- Oncotelic Therapeutics, 29397 Agoura Road, Suite 107, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA; (Z.T.); (V.T.)
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Ye F, Wang L, Li Y, Dong C, Zhou L, Xu J. IL4I1 in M2-like macrophage promotes glioma progression and is a promising target for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1338244. [PMID: 38250074 PMCID: PMC10799346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1338244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the prevailing malignant intracranial tumor, characterized by an abundance of macrophages. Specifically, the infiltrating macrophages often display the M2 subtype and are known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They have a critical role in promoting the oncogenic properties of tumor cells. Interleukin-4-induced-1 (IL4I1) functions as an L-phenylalanine oxidase, playing a key part in regulating immune responses and the progression of various tumors. However, there is limited understanding of the IL4I1-mediated cross-talk function between TAMs and glioma cell in the glioma microenvironment. Methods TCGA, GTEx, and HPA databases were applied to assess the IL4I1 expression, clinical characteristics, and prognostic value of pan-cancer. The link between IL4I1 levels and the prognosis, methylation, and immune checkpoints (ICs) in gliomas were explored through Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression, and Spearman correlation analyses. The IL4I1 levels and their distribution were investigated by single-cell analysis and the TIMER 2 database. Additionally, validation of IL4I1 expression was performed by WB, RT-qPCR, IHC, and IF. Co-culture models between glioma cells and M2-like macrophages were used to explore the IL4I1-mediated effects on tumor growth, invasion, and migration of glioma cells. Moreover, the function of IL4I1 on macrophage polarization was evaluated by ELISA, RT-qPCR, WB, and siRNA transfection. Results Both transcriptome and protein levels of IL4I1 were increased obviously in various tumor types, and correlated with a dismal prognosis. Specifically, IL4I1 was implicated in aggressive progression and a dismal prognosis for patients with glioma. A negative association was noticed between the glioma grade and DNA promoter methylation of IL4I1. Enrichment analyses in glioma patients suggested that IL4I1 was linked to cytokine and immune responses, and was positively correlated with ICs. Single-cell analysis, molecular experiments, and in vitro assays showed that IL4I1 was significantly expressed in TAMs. Importantly, co-culture models proved that IL4I1 significantly promoted the invasion and migration of glioma cells, and induced the polarization of M2-like macrophages. Conclusion IL4I1 could be a promising immunotherapy target for selective modulation of TAMs and stands as a novel macrophage-related prognostic biomarker in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dong W, Zhao H, Xiao S, Zheng L, Fan T, Wang L, Zhang H, Hu Y, Yang J, Wang T, Xiao W. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses inform necroptosis-associated myeloid lineages influence the immune landscape of pancreas cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263633. [PMID: 38149248 PMCID: PMC10749962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) are key regulators in tumor progression, but the similarity and distinction of their fundamental properties in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain elusive. Method In this study, we conducted scRNA-seq data analysis of cells from 12 primary tumor (PT) tissues, 4 metastatic (Met) tumor tissues, 3 adjacent normal pancreas tissues (Para), and PBMC samples across 16 PDAC patients, and revealed a heterogeneous TIMs environment in PDAC. Result Systematic comparisons between tumor and non-tumor samples of myeloid lineages identified 10 necroptosis-associated genes upregulated in PDAC tumors compared to 5 upregulated in paratumor or healthy peripheral blood. A novel RTM (resident tissue macrophages), GLUL-SQSTM1- RTM, was found to act as a positive regulator of immunity. Additionally, HSP90AA1+HSP90AB1+ mast cells exhibited pro-immune characteristics, and JAK3+TLR4+ CD16 monocytes were found to be anti-immune. The findings were validated through clinical outcomes and cytokines analyses. Lastly, intercellular network reconstruction supported the associations between the identified novel clusters, cancer cells, and immune cell populations. Conclusion Our analysis comprehensively characterized major myeloid cell lineages and identified three subsets of myeloid-derived cells associated with necroptosis. These findings not only provide a valuable resource for understanding the multi-dimensional characterization of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC but also offer valuable mechanistic insights that can guide the design of effective immuno-oncology treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Senior Dept of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhao
- Dept of Oncology, The Forth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Xiao
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Zheng
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongqiang Fan
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- Dept of Oncology, The Forth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Senior Dept of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Senior Dept of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Senior Dept of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Tao JC, Yu D, Shao W, Zhou DR, Wang Y, Hou SQ, Deng K, Lin N. Interactions between microglia and glioma in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1236268. [PMID: 37700840 PMCID: PMC10493873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1236268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent primary tumors in the central nervous system, are marked by their immunosuppressive properties and consequent poor patient prognosis. Current evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of gliomas, largely attributed to tumor-associated macrophages (brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages) that create a tumor microenvironment conducive to the growth and invasion of tumor cells. Yet, distinguishing between these two cell subgroups remains a challenge. Thus, our review starts by analyzing the heterogeneity between these two cell subsets, then places emphasis on elucidating the complex interactions between microglia and glioma cells. Finally, we conclude with a summary of current attempts at immunotherapy that target microglia. However, given that independent research on microglia is still in its initial stages and has many shortcomings at the present time, we express our related concerns and hope that further research will be carried out to address these issues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Rui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
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11
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Luo H, Zhang H, Mao J, Cao H, Tao Y, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Xia Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z, Cheng Q, Liu G. Exosome-based nanoimmunotherapy targeting TAMs, a promising strategy for glioma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:235. [PMID: 37012233 PMCID: PMC10070666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose, and metabolites. With great potential to be developed as targeted drug carriers, cancer vaccines and noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, prognosis prediction, exosomes show extensive advantages of relatively high drug loading capacity, adjustable therapeutic agents release, enhanced permeation and retention effect, striking biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, etc. With the rapid progression of basic exosome research, exosome-based therapeutics are gaining increasing attention in recent years. Glioma, the standard primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is still up against significant challenges as current traditional therapies of surgery resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and numerous efforts into new drugs showed little clinical curative effect. The emerging immunotherapy strategy presents convincing results in many tumors and is driving researchers to exert its potential in glioma. As the crucial component of the glioma microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and strongly influence glioma progression via various signaling molecules, simultaneously providing new insight into therapeutic strategies. Exosomes would substantially assist the TAMs-centered treatment as drug delivery vehicles and liquid biopsy biomarkers. Here we review the current potential exosome-mediated immunotherapeutics targeting TAMs in glioma and conclude the recent investigation on the fundamental mechanisms of diversiform molecular signaling events by TAMs that promote glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinning Mao
- Health management center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanjian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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He X, Guo Y, Yu C, Zhang H, Wang S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is the main way in which glioma-associated microglia/macrophages promote glioma progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097880. [PMID: 36969175 PMCID: PMC10036378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia/macrophages make up the largest population of tumor-infiltrating cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated that glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) could promote the malignant progression of gliomas in various pathways. However, the primary function of GAMs in glioma remains inconclusive. First, by the CIBERSORT algorithm, we evaluated the content of microglia/macrophages in glioma tissues by bioinformatic analysis of omic data from thousands of glioma samples. Subsequently, we analyzed and confirmed the significant relationship between GAMs and the malignant phenotype of glioma, including survival time, IDH mutation status, and time of symptom onset. Afterward, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) was identified by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) from numerous biological processes as the most relevant mechanism of malignant progression to GAMs. Moreover, a series of clinical samples were detected, including normal brain and various-grade glioma tissues. The results not only showed that GAMs were significantly associated with gliomas and their malignancy but also that GAMs were highly correlated with the degree of EMT in gliomas. In addition, we isolated GAMs from glioma samples and constructed co-culture models (in vitro) to demonstrate the promotion of the EMT process in glioma cells by GAMs. In conclusion, our study clarified that GAMs exert oncogenic effects with EMT in gliomas, suggesting the possibility of GAMs as immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengdian Wang, ; Hongwei Zhang, ; Chunjiang Yu,
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengdian Wang, ; Hongwei Zhang, ; Chunjiang Yu,
| | - Shengdian Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengdian Wang, ; Hongwei Zhang, ; Chunjiang Yu,
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13
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Zhang Z, Shen X, Tan Z, Mei Y, Lu T, Ji Y, Cheng S, Xu Y, Wang Z, Liu X, He W, Chen Z, Chen S, Lv Q. Interferon gamma-related gene signature based on anti-tumor immunity predicts glioma patient prognosis. Front Genet 2023; 13:1053263. [PMID: 36712869 PMCID: PMC9880184 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1053263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. The conventional glioma treatment strategies include surgical excision and chemo- and radiation-therapy. Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) is a soluble dimer cytokine involved in immune escape of gliomas. In this study, we sought to identify IFN-γ-related genes to construct a glioma prognostic model to guide its clinical treatment. Methods: RNA sequences and clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the China Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Using univariate Cox analysis and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression algorithm, IFN-γ-related prognostic genes were selected to construct a risk scoring model, and analyze its correlation with the clinical features. A high-precision nomogram was drawn to predict prognosis, and its performance was evaluated using calibration curve. Finally, immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecule expression were analyzed to explore the tumor microenvironment characteristics associated with the risk scoring model. Results: Four out of 198 IFN-γ-related genes were selected to construct a risk score model with good predictive performance. The expression of four IFN-γ-related genes in glioma tissues was significantly increased compared to normal brain tissue (p < 0.001). Based on ROC analysis, the risk score model accurately predicted the overall survival rate of glioma patients at 1 year (AUC: The Cancer Genome Atlas 0.89, CGGA 0.59), 3 years (AUC: TCGA 0.89, CGGA 0.68), and 5 years (AUC: TCGA 0.88, CGGA 0.70). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, high-risk scores were associated with wild-type IDH1, wild-type ATRX, and 1P/19Q non-co-deletion. The nomogram predicted the survival rate of glioma patients based on the risk score and multiple clinicopathological factors such as age, sex, pathological grade, and IDH Status, among others. Risk score and infiltrating immune cells including CD8 T-cell, resting CD4 memory T-cell, regulatory T-cell (Tregs), M2 macrophages, resting NK cells, activated mast cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated (p < 0.05). In addition, risk scores closely associated with expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD48, CD226, and CD96. Conclusion: Our risk score model reveals that IFN-γ -associated genes are an independent prognostic factor for predicting overall survival in glioma, which is closely associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecule expression. This model will be helpful in predicting the effectiveness of immunotherapy and survival rate in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilong Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuran Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianzhu Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulong Ji
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sida Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiaoli Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Qiaoli Lv,
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14
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Cheng L, Zou X, Wang J, Zhang J, Mo Z, Huang H. The role of CRYAB in tumor prognosis and immune infiltration: A Pan-cancer analysis. Front Surg 2023; 9:1117307. [PMID: 36713654 PMCID: PMC9880180 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1117307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is evidence that the Crystallin Alpha B (CRYAB) gene is involved in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment and influences tumor prognosis in some cancers. However, the role of CRYAB gene in prognosis and immunology in pan-cancer is still unclear. Methods In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles and survival data of cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. CRYAB gene and its relationships with pan-cancer were analyzed using R packages, TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, Sangerbox, UALCAN, cBioPortal, ESTIMATE algorithm, and STRING. Besides, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to detect CRYAB expression in KIRC and a human KIRC cell line (Caki-1). Results We found that CRYAB expression was different in tumors and adjacent tumors in human cancers, affecting patients' prognosis in 15 cancer types. Additionally, CRYAB expression significantly correlated with tumor microenvironment (TME), immune checkpoints (ICP), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in human cancers. Besides, CRYAB expression was positively associated with the immune infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and endothelial cells in most human cancers. Based on enrichment analysis, the most prevalent CRYAB gene mechanism in malignant tumors may be through anti-apoptotic activity. Moreover, some FDA-approved drugs were found to be associated with CRYAB and might be potential cancer therapeutic candidates. Conclusions CRYAB is a crucial component of the TME and influences immune cell infiltration, making it a promising biomarker to assess immune infiltration and prognosis in many malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Cheng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Xiong Zou
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Jiange Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Correspondence: Zengnan Mo Houbao Huang
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China,Correspondence: Zengnan Mo Houbao Huang
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15
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Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ju H, Wang X, Ren H, Zhu X, Dong Y. The immunosuppressive microenvironment and immunotherapy in human glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003651. [PMID: 36466873 PMCID: PMC9712217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant intracranial tumor in adults, characterized by extensive infiltrative growth, high vascularization, and resistance to multiple therapeutic approaches. Among the many factors affecting the therapeutic effect, the immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment that is created by cells and associated molecules via complex mechanisms plays a particularly important role in facilitating evasion of the tumor from the immune response. Accumulating evidence is also revealing a close association of the gut microbiota with the challenges in the treatment of GBM. The gut microbiota establishes a connection with the central nervous system through bidirectional signals of the gut-brain axis, thus affecting the occurrence and development of GBM. In this review, we discuss the key immunosuppressive components in the tumor microenvironment, along with the regulatory mechanism of the gut microbiota involved in immunity and metabolism in the GBM microenvironment. Lastly, we concentrate on the immunotherapeutic strategies currently under investigation, which hold promise to overcome the hurdles of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve the therapeutic outcome for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Huanyu Ju
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hongda Hospital, Jinxiang, China
| | - Huan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yucui Dong
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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16
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Xu C, Xiao M, Li X, Xin L, Song J, Zhan Q, Wang C, Zhang Q, Yuan X, Tan Y, Fang C. Origin, activation, and targeted therapy of glioma-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974996. [PMID: 36275720 PMCID: PMC9582955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development, occurrence, and treatment of gliomas. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) are the most widely infiltrated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and one of the major cell populations that exert immune functions. GAMs typically originate from two cell types-brain-resident microglia (BRM) and bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDM), depending on a variety of cytokines for recruitment and activation. GAMs mainly contain two functionally and morphologically distinct activation types- classically activated M1 macrophages (antitumor/immunostimulatory) and alternatively activated M2 macrophages (protumor/immunosuppressive). GAMs have been shown to affect multiple biological functions of gliomas, including promoting tumor growth and invasion, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, and treatment resistance. Both M1 and M2 macrophages are highly plastic and can polarize or interconvert under various malignant conditions. As the relationship between GAMs and gliomas has become more apparent, GAMs have long been one of the promising targets for glioma therapy, and many studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this target. Here, we review the origin and activation of GAMs in gliomas, how they regulate tumor development and response to therapies, and current glioma therapeutic strategies targeting GAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Xin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoye Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- Hebei University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Fang, ; Yanli Tan,
| | - Chuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan Fang, ; Yanli Tan,
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17
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Chatterjee A, Asija S, Yadav S, Purwar R, Goda JS. Clinical utility of CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors: Lessons learned from the past, current evidence and the future stakes. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:606-624. [PMID: 36191126 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented clinical success of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematological malignancies has led researchers to study its role in solid tumors. Although, its utility in solid tumors especially in neuroblastoma has begun to emerge, preclinical studies of its efficacy in other solid tumors like osteosarcomas or gliomas has caught the attention of oncologist to be tried in clinical trials. Malignant high-grade brain tumors like glioblastomas or midline gliomas in children represent some of the most difficult malignancies to be managed with conventionally available therapeutics, while relapsed gliomas continue to have the most dismal prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. Innovative therapies such as CAR T cells could give an additional leverage to the treating oncologists by potentially improving outcomes and ameliorating the toxicity of the currently available therapies. Moreover, CAR T cell therapy has the potential to be integrated into the therapeutic paradigm for aggressive gliomas in the near future. In this review we discuss the challenges in using CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors, enumerate the completed and ongoing clinical trials of different types of CAR T cell therapy for different brain tumors with special emphasis on glioblastoma and also discuss the future role of CAR T cells in Brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sweety Asija
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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18
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Chen R, Wu W, Liu T, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Dai Z, Zhou X, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang LY, Cheng Q. Large-scale bulk RNA-seq analysis defines immune evasion mechanism related to mast cell in gliomas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914001. [PMID: 36159780 PMCID: PMC9492887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the immune cells have an emerging role in controlling anti-tumor immune responses and tumor progression. The comprehensive role of mast cell in glioma has not been illustrated yet. In this study, 1,991 diffuse glioma samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). xCell algorithm was employed to define the mast cell-related genes. Based on mast cell-related genes, gliomas were divided into two clusters with distinct clinical and immunological characteristics. The survival probability of cluster 1 was significantly lower than that of cluster 2 in the TCGA dataset, three CGGA datasets, and the Xiangya cohort. Meanwhile, the hypoxic and metabolic pathways were active in cluster 1, which were beneficial to the proliferation of tumor cells. A potent prognostic model based on mast cell was constructed. Via machine learning, DRG2 was screened out as a characteristic gene, which was demonstrated to predict treatment response and predict survival outcome in the Xiangya cohort. In conclusion, mast cells could be used as a potential effective prognostic factor for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Yang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Liyang Zhang,
| | - Quan Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Liyang Zhang,
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19
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Hong K, Zhang Y, Yao L, Zhang J, Sheng X, Song L, Guo Y, Guo Y. Pan-cancer analysis of the angiotensin II receptor-associated protein as a prognostic and immunological gene predicting immunotherapy responses in pan-cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913684. [PMID: 36060798 PMCID: PMC9437438 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding interior molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and cancer progression contributes to antitumor treatments. The angiotensin II receptor-associated protein (AGTRAP) has been confirmed to be related with metabolic products in metabolic diseases and can drive the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and colon carcinoma. However, functions of AGTRAP in other kinds of cancers are unclear, and a pan-cancer analysis of AGTRAP has not been carried out. Methods and materials: We downloaded data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression dataset and The Human Protein Atlas databases and then used R software (version 4.1.1) and several bioinformatic tools to conduct the analysis. Results: In our study, we evaluated the expression of AGTRAP in cancers, such as high expression in breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and glioma and low expression in kidney chromophobe. Furthermore, our study revealed that high expression of AGTRAP is significantly related with poor prognosis in glioma, liver cancer, kidney chromophobe, and so on. We also explored the putative functional mechanisms of AGTRAP across pan-cancer, such as endoplasmic reticulum pathway, endocytosis pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In addition, the connection between AGTRAP and tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden, and immune-related genes was proven. Conclusion: Our study provided comprehensive evidence of the roles of AGTRAP in different kinds of cancers and supported the relationship of AGTRAP and tumorous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Medicine School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lingli Yao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Medicine School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabo Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianneng Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Medicine School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Guo, ; Yangyang Guo,
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Guo, ; Yangyang Guo,
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20
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Teng C, Zhu Y, Li Y, Dai L, Pan Z, Wanggou S, Li X. Recurrence- and Malignant Progression-Associated Biomarkers in Low-Grade Gliomas and Their Roles in Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899710. [PMID: 35677036 PMCID: PMC9168984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a generally better prognosis than high-grade glioma (HGG), recurrence and malignant progression are the main causes for the poor prognosis and difficulties in the treatment of low-grade glioma (LGG). It is of great importance to learn about the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of LGG recurrence and progression. In this study, the transcriptome characteristics of four groups, namely, normal brain tissue and recurrent LGG (rLGG), normal brain tissue and secondary glioblastoma (sGBM), primary LGG (pLGG) and rLGG, and pLGG and sGBM, were compared using Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases. In this study, 296 downregulated and 396 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with high consensus were screened out. Univariate Cox regression analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) yielded 86 prognostically relevant DEGs; a prognostic prediction model based on five key genes (HOXA1, KIF18A, FAM133A, HGF, and MN1) was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression dimensionality reduction and multivariate Cox regression analysis. LGG was divided into high- and low-risk groups using this prediction model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that signaling pathway differences in the high- and low-risk groups were mainly seen in tumor immune regulation and DNA damage-related cell cycle checkpoints. Furthermore, the infiltration of immune cells in the high- and low-risk groups was analyzed, which indicated a stronger infiltration of immune cells in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group, suggesting that an immune microenvironment more conducive to tumor growth emerged due to the interaction between tumor and immune cells. The tumor mutational burden and tumor methylation burden in the high- and low-risk groups were also analyzed, which indicated higher gene mutation burden and lower DNA methylation level in the high-risk group, suggesting that with the accumulation of genomic mutations and epigenetic changes, tumor cells continued to evolve and led to the progression of LGG to HGG. Finally, the value of potential therapeutic targets for the five key genes was analyzed, and findings demonstrated that KIF18A was the gene most likely to be a potential therapeutic target. In conclusion, the prediction model based on these five key genes can better identify the high- and low-risk groups of LGG and lay a solid foundation for evaluating the risk of LGG recurrence and malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chubei Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luohuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhouyang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Menna G, Mattogno PP, Donzelli CM, Lisi L, Olivi A, Della Pepa GM. Glioma-Associated Microglia Characterization in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment through A ‘Seed-and Soil’ Approach: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060718. [PMID: 35741603 PMCID: PMC9220868 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Ever since the discovery of tumor-associated immune cells, there has been growing interest in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these cells and tumor cells. A “seed and soil” approach has been recently introduced to describe the glioblastoma (GBM) landscape: tumor microenvironments act as fertile “soil” and interact with the “seed” (glial and stem cells compartment). In the following article, we provide a systematic review of the current evidence pertaining to the characterization of glioma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) and microglia and macrophage cells in the glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: An online literature search was launched on PubMed Medline and Scopus using the following research string: “((Glioma associated macrophages OR GAM OR Microglia) AND (glioblastoma tumor microenvironment OR TME))”. The last search for articles pertinent to the topic was conducted in February 2022. Results: The search of the literature yielded a total of 349 results. A total of 235 studies were found to be relevant to our research question and were assessed for eligibility. Upon a full-text review, 58 articles were included in the review. The reviewed papers were further divided into three categories based on their focus: (1) Microglia maintenance of immunological homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity; (2) Microglia crosstalk with dedifferentiated and stem-like glioblastoma cells; (3) Microglia migratory behavior and its activation pattern. Conclusions: Aggressive growth, inevitable recurrence, and scarce response to immunotherapies are driving the necessity to focus on the GBM TME from a different perspective to possibly disentangle its role as a fertile ‘soil’ for tumor progression and identify within it feasible therapeutic targets. Against this background, our systematic review confirmed microglia to play a paramount role in promoting GBM progression and relapse after treatments. The correct and extensive understanding of microglia–glioma crosstalk could help in understanding the physiopathology of this complex disease, possibly opening scenarios for improvement of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Menna
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Pier Paolo Mattogno
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Carlo Maria Donzelli
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Maria Della Pepa
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (P.P.M.); (C.M.D.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630154120
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22
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Liu X, Liu Y, Qi Y, Huang Y, Hu F, Dong F, Shu K, Lei T. Signal Pathways Involved in the Interaction Between Tumor-Associated Macrophages/TAMs and Glioblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:822085. [PMID: 35600367 PMCID: PMC9114701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.822085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly recognized, that glioblastoma is a large complex composed of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Tumor-associated macrophages account for the majority of tumor bulk and play pivotal roles in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. There are sophisticated interactions between malignant cells and tumor associated-macrophages. Tumor cells release a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors that subsequently lead to the recruitment of TAMs, which in return released a plethora of factors to construct an immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive microenvironment. In this article, we have reviewed the biological characteristics of glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglia, highlighting the emerging molecular targets and related signal pathways involved in the interaction between TAMs and glioblastoma cells, as well as the potential TAMs-associated therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Qi
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyong Dong
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Yang D, Yang L, Cai J, Li H, Xing Z, Hou Y. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and its related signaling pathways in the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages polarization. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2469-2480. [PMID: 35590082 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a type of functionally plastic immune cell population in tumor microenvironment (TME) and mainly polarized into two phenotypes: M2 and M1-like TAMs. The M2-like TAMs could stimulate tumor growth and metastasis, tissue remodeling and immune-suppression, whereas M1-like TAMs could initiate immune response to dampen tumor progression. TAMs with different polarization phenotypes can produce various kinds of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors to regulate immunity and inflammatory responses. It is an effective method to treat cancer through ameliorating TME and modulating TAMs by converting M2 into M1-like phenotype. However, intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying TAMs polarization are largely undefined. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is an important signaling pathway participating in M2-like TAMs polarization, survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cytoskeleton rearrangement. In the present review, we analyzed the mechanism of TAMs polarization focusing on PI3K/Akt and its downstream mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, thus provides the first evidence of intracellular targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jialing Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
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24
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Tretyakova MS, Subbalakshmi AR, Menyailo ME, Jolly MK, Denisov EV. Tumor Hybrid Cells: Nature and Biological Significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814714. [PMID: 35242760 PMCID: PMC8886020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death and can be realized through the phenomenon of tumor cell fusion. The fusion of tumor cells with other tumor or normal cells leads to the appearance of tumor hybrid cells (THCs) exhibiting novel properties such as increased proliferation and migration, drug resistance, decreased apoptosis rate, and avoiding immune surveillance. Experimental studies showed the association of THCs with a high frequency of cancer metastasis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Many other questions also remain to be answered: the role of genetic alterations in tumor cell fusion, the molecular landscape of cells after fusion, the lifetime and fate of different THCs, and the specific markers of THCs, and their correlation with various cancers and clinicopathological parameters. In this review, we discuss the factors and potential mechanisms involved in the occurrence of THCs, the types of THCs, and their role in cancer drug resistance and metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention, and targeting of tumor cell fusion. In conclusion, we emphasize the current knowledge gaps in the biology of THCs that should be addressed to develop highly effective therapeutics and strategies for metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Tretyakova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ayalur R Subbalakshmi
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maxim E Menyailo
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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25
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Gómez-Cuadrado L, Bullock E, Mabruk Z, Zhao H, Souleimanova M, Noer PR, Turnbull AK, Oxvig C, Bertos N, Byron A, Dixon JM, Park M, Haider S, Natrajan R, Sims AH, Brunton VG. Characterisation of the Stromal Microenvironment in Lobular Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040904. [PMID: 35205651 PMCID: PMC8870100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer, and it exhibits a number of clinico-pathological characteristics distinct from the more common invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We set out to identify alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ILC. We used laser-capture microdissection to separate tumor epithelium from stroma in 23 ER + ILC primary tumors. Gene expression analysis identified 45 genes involved in regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that were enriched in the non-immune stroma of ILC, but not in non-immune stroma from ER+ IDC or normal breast. Of these, 10 were expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and were increased in ILC compared to IDC in bulk gene expression datasets, with PAPPA and TIMP2 being associated with better survival in ILC but not IDC. PAPPA, a gene involved in IGF-1 signaling, was the most enriched in the stroma compared to the tumor epithelial compartment in ILC. Analysis of PAPPA- and IGF1-associated genes identified a paracrine signaling pathway, and active PAPP-A was shown to be secreted from primary CAFs. This is the first study to demonstrate molecular differences in the TME between ILC and IDC identifying differences in matrix organization and growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Esme Bullock
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Zeanap Mabruk
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Hong Zhao
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (H.Z.); (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Margarita Souleimanova
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (H.Z.); (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Pernille Rimmer Noer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (P.R.N.); (C.O.)
| | - Arran K. Turnbull
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (P.R.N.); (C.O.)
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
| | - J. Michael Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (H.Z.); (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; (S.H.); (R.N.)
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; (S.H.); (R.N.)
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (L.G.-C.); (E.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Tiwari-Heckler S, Yee EU, Yalcin Y, Park J, Nguyen DHT, Gao W, Csizmadia E, Afdhal N, Mukamal KJ, Robson SC, Lai M, Schwartz RE, Jiang ZG. Adenosine deaminase 2 produced by infiltrative monocytes promotes liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109897. [PMID: 34706243 PMCID: PMC8606247 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating activity of adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is associated with liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the liver of NAFLD patients, ADA2-positive portal macrophages are significantly associated with the degree of liver fibrosis. These liver macrophages are CD14- and CD16-positive and co-express chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3, indicating infiltrative monocyte origin. Human circulatory monocytes release ADA2 upon macrophage differentiation in vitro. When stimulated by recombinant human ADA2 (rhADA2), human monocyte-derived macrophages demonstrate upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes, including PDGF-B, a key pro-fibrotic cytokine. This PDGF-B upregulation is reproduced by inosine, the enzymatic product of ADA2, but not adenosine, and is abolished by E359N, a loss-of-function mutation in ADA2. Finally, rhADA2 also stimulates PDGF-B production from Kupffer cells in primary human liver spheroids. Together, these data suggest that infiltrative monocytes promote fibrogenesis in NAFLD via ADA2-mediated autocrine/paracrine signaling culminating in enhanced PDGF-B production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Tiwari-Heckler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 11794, USA
| | - Yusuf Yalcin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Duc-Huy T Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nezam Afdhal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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MXRA5 Is a Novel Immune-Related Biomarker That Predicts Poor Prognosis in Glioma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6680883. [PMID: 34211612 PMCID: PMC8211501 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Identifying effective biomarkers for glioma is particularly important. MXRA5, a secreted glycoprotein, is involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling and has been reported to be expressed in many cancers. However, the role and mechanism of action of MXRA5 in gliomas remain unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the role of MXRA5 at the transcriptome level and its clinical prognostic value. Methods In this study, RNA microarray data of 301 glioma patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were collected as a training cohort and RNA-seq data of 702 glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for validation. We analyzed the clinical and molecular characteristics as well as the prognostic value of MXRA5 in glioma. In addition, the expression level of MXRA was evaluated in 28 glioma tissue samples. Results We found that MXRA5 expression was significantly upregulated in high-grade gliomas and IDH wild-type gliomas compared to controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that MXRA5 is a potential marker of the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We found that MXRA5 expression is highly correlated with immune checkpoint molecule expression levels and tumor-associated macrophage infiltration. High MXRA5 expression could be used as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusion Our study suggests that MXRA5 expression is associated with the clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis of gliomas. MXRA5 may play an important role in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma. As a secreted glycoprotein, MXRA5 is a potential circulating biomarker for glioma, deserving further investigation.
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Ma J, Chen CC, Li M. Macrophages/Microglia in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115775. [PMID: 34071306 PMCID: PMC8198046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interaction between glioblastoma and its microenvironment has been recognized for decades. Among various immune profiles, the major population is tumor-associated macrophage, with microglia as its localized homolog. The present definition of such myeloid cells is based on a series of cell markers. These good sentinel cells experience significant changes, facilitating glioblastoma development and protecting it from therapeutic treatments. Huge, complicated mechanisms are involved during the overall processes. A lot of effort has been dedicated to crack the mysterious codes in macrophage/microglia recruiting, activating, reprogramming, and functioning. We have made our path. With more and more key factors identified, a lot of new therapeutic methods could be explored to break the ominous loop, to enhance tumor sensitivity to treatments, and to improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. However, it might be a synergistic system rather than a series of clear, stepwise events. There are still significant challenges before the light of truth can shine onto the field. Here, we summarize recent advances in this field, reviewing the path we have been on and where we are now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Li
- Correspondence: (C.C.C.); (M.L.)
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29
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Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Metabolic Aspects of Adenosine Functions in the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672182. [PMID: 34054547 PMCID: PMC8160517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly, plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulating neuronal plasticity, astrocytic activity, learning and memory, motor function, feeding, control of sleep and aging. Adenosine is involved in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative pathologies. Extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain is tightly regulated. Adenosine may be generated intracellularly in the central nervous system from degradation of AMP or from the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl homocysteine, and then exit via bi-directional nucleoside transporters, or extracellularly by the metabolism of released nucleotides. Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Modulation of the nucleoside transporters or of the enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of adenosine, by affecting the levels of this nucleoside and the activity of adenosine receptors, could have a role in the onset or the development of central nervous system disorders, and can also be target of drugs for their treatment. In this review, we focus on the contribution of 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, AMP deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoside transporters in epilepsy, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases with a particular attention on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. We include several examples of the involvement of components of the adenosine metabolism in learning and of the possible use of modulators of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism or nucleoside transporters in the amelioration of cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Camici
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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30
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Harasim G, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Braczko A, Jablonska P, Mierzejewska P, Zielinski J, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Macrophage-Derived Adenosine Deaminase 2 Correlates with M2 Macrophage Phenotype in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3764. [PMID: 33916440 PMCID: PMC8038600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that altered adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, especially its ADA2 iso-enzyme, is associated with malignant breast cancer (BC) development. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the most challenging BC subtype due to its metastatic potential and recurrence. Herein, we analyzed the sources of ADA iso-enzymes in TNBC by investigating the effects of cell-to-cell interactions between TNBC cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. We also examined the potential relationship between ADA activity and cancer progression in TNBC patients. In vitro analyses demonstrated that the interactions of immune and endothelial cells with MDA-MB-231 triple negative BC cells modulated their extracellular adenosine metabolism pattern. However, they caused an increase in the ADA1 activity, and did not alter ADA2 activity in cancer cells. In turn, the co-culture of MDA-MB-231 cells with THP-1 monocyte/macrophages, Jurkat cells, and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC) caused the increase in ADA2 activity on THP-1 cells and ADA1 activity on Jurkat cells and HULEC. Clinical sample analysis revealed that TNBC patients had higher plasma ADA2 activities and lower ADA1/ADA2 ratio at advanced stages of cancer development than in the initial stages, while patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative (HR+HER2-), and triple positive (HR+HER2+) breast cancers at the same stages showed opposite trends. TNBC patients also demonstrated positive associations between plasma ADA2 activity and pro-tumor M2 macrophage markers, as well as between ADA1 activity and endothelial dysfunction or inflammatory parameters. The analysis of TNBC patients, at 6 and 12 months following cancer treatment, did not showed significant changes in plasma ADA activities and macrophage polarization markers, which may be the cause of their therapeutic failure. We conclude that alterations in both ADA iso-enzymes can play a role in breast cancer development and progression by the modulation of extracellular adenosine-dependent pathways. Additionally, the changes in ADA2 activity that may contribute to the differentiation of macrophages into unfavorable pro-tumor M2 phenotype deserve special attention in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Harasim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Zielinski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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31
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A bi-directional dialog between vascular cells and monocytes/macrophages regulates tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:477-500. [PMID: 33783686 PMCID: PMC8213675 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression largely depends on tumor blood vessels as well on immune cell infiltration. In various tumors, vascular cells, namely endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, strongly regulate leukocyte infiltration into tumors and immune cell activation, hence the immune response to cancers. Recently, a lot of compelling studies unraveled the molecular mechanisms by which tumor vascular cells regulate monocyte and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and phenotype, and consequently tumor progression. Reciprocally, TAMs and monocytes strongly modulate tumor blood vessel and tumor lymphatic vessel formation by exerting pro-angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effects, respectively. Finally, the interaction between monocytes/TAMs and vascular cells is also impacting several steps of the spread of cancer cells throughout the body, a process called metastasis. In this review, the impact of the bi-directional dialog between blood vascular cells and monocytes/TAMs in the regulation of tumor progression is discussed. All together, these data led to the design of combinations of anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy targeting TAMs/monocyte whose effects are briefly discussed in the last part of this review.
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32
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Yao J, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Ma C, Zhong Y, Xiao Y, Gao X, Li Z. M2 macrophage-derived exosomal microRNAs inhibit cell migration and invasion in gliomas through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:99. [PMID: 33676540 PMCID: PMC7937290 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma, the most common primary brain tumor, account Preparing figures for 30 to 40% of all intracranial tumors. Herein, we aimed to study the effects of M2 macrophage-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on glioma cells. Methods First, we identified seven differentially expressed miRNAs in infiltrating macrophages and detected the expression of these seven miRNAs in M2 macrophages. We then selected hsa-miR-15a-5p (miR-15a) and hsa-miR-92a-3p (miR-92a) for follow-up studies, and confirmed that miR-15a and miR-92a were under-expressed in M2 macrophage exosomes. Subsequently, we demonstrated that M2 macrophage-derived exosomes promoted migration and invasion of glioma cells, while exosomal miR-15a and miR-92a had the opposite effects on glioma cells. Next, we performed the target gene prediction in four databases and conducted target gene validation by qRT-PCR, western blot and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Results The results revealed that miR-15a and miR-92a were bound to CCND1 and RAP1B, respectively. Western blot assays demonstrated that interference with the expression of CCND1 or RAP1B reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT and mTOR, indicating that both CCND1 and RAP1B can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-15a and miR-92a inhibit cell migration and invasion of glioma cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02766-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Human Genetic Resources Conservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translation Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zefen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Hankou Hospital, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yahua Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yilei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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33
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Han C, Lin S, Lu X, Xue L, Wu ZB. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: New Horizons for Pituitary Adenoma Researches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:785050. [PMID: 34925244 PMCID: PMC8675584 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.785050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most common infiltrating immune cells and an essential component of tumor microenvironment. Macrophages and the soluble cytokines and chemokines produced play an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis in solid tumors. Despite the multiple studies in other solid tumors, there is little known about macrophages in pituitary adenomas. Recently, studies about pituitary adenoma-infiltrated macrophages have been emerging, including the immunohistochemical and immunophenotypic analysis of the pituitary adenomas and further studies into the mechanism of the crosstalk between macrophages and tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. These studies have offered us new insights into the polarization of macrophages and its role in tumorigenesis, progression and invasion of pituitary adenomas. This review describes the advances in the field of pituitary adenoma-infiltrated macrophages and the prospect of targeting macrophages as cancer therapy in pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhe Bao Wu
- *Correspondence: Shaojian Lin, ; Zhe Bao Wu,
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34
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Pan Y, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhang T. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583084. [PMID: 33365025 PMCID: PMC7751482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 813] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the main tumor-infiltrating immune cell types and are generally categorized into either of two functionally contrasting subtypes, namely classical activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. The former typically exerts anti-tumor functions, including directly mediate cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to kill tumor cells; the latter can promote the occurrence and metastasis of tumor cells, inhibit T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response, promote tumor angiogenesis, and lead to tumor progression. Both M1 and M2 macrophages have high degree of plasticity and thus can be converted into each other upon tumor microenvironment changes or therapeutic interventions. As the relationship between TAMs and malignant tumors becoming clearer, TAMs have become a promising target for developing new cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the origin and types of TAMs, TAMs interaction with tumors and tumor microenvironment, and up-to-date treatment strategies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinda Yu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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35
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Hu J, Xiao Q, Dong M, Guo D, Wu X, Wang B. Glioblastoma Immunotherapy Targeting the Innate Immune Checkpoint CD47-SIRPα Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593219. [PMID: 33329583 PMCID: PMC7728717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of intracranial tumors with poor prognosis. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has been an attractive strategy for a variety of tumors. Currently, most immunotherapies take advantage of the adaptive anti-tumor immunity, such as cytotoxic T cells. However, the predominant accumulation of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) results in limited success of these strategies in the glioblastoma. To improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy for GBM, it is detrimental to understand the role of TAM in glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss the roles of CD47-SIRPα axis in TAMs infiltration and activities and the promising effects of targeting this axis on the activation of both innate and adaptive antitumor immunity in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minhai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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36
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Bagley SJ, Desai AS, Linette GP, June CH, O'Rourke DM. CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma: recent clinical advances and future challenges. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1429-1438. [PMID: 29509936 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with certain hematologic malignancies, the use of autologous T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has led to unprecedented clinical responses. Although progress in solid tumors has been elusive, recent clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, despite formidable barriers to T-cell localization and effector function in glioblastoma, signs of efficacy have been observed in select patients. In this review, we begin with a discussion of established obstacles to systemic therapy in glioblastoma and how these may be overcome by CAR T cells. We continue with a summary of previously published CAR T-cell trials in GBM, and end by outlining the key therapeutic challenges associated with the use of CAR T cells in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bagley
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arati S Desai
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerald P Linette
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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37
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Response gene to complement 32 expression in macrophages augments paracrine stimulation-mediated colon cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:776. [PMID: 31601783 PMCID: PMC6786990 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
M2-polarized tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor progression. It has been reported that response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) promotes M2 macrophage polarization. However, whether RGC-32 expression in macrophages could play a potential role in tumor progression remain unclear. Here we identified that increasing RGC-32 expression in colon cancer and tumor associated macrophages was positively correlated with cancer progression. In vitro studies confirmed that colon cancer cells upregulated RGC-32 expression of macrophages via secreting TGF-β1. RGC-32 expression promoted macrophage migration. In addition, stimulation of HCT-116 cells with the condition mediums of RGC-32-silienced or over-expressed macrophages affected tumor cell colony formation and migration via altered COX-2 expression. In an animal model, macrophages with RGC-32 knockdown significantly decreased the expression of COX-2 and Ki67 in the xenografts, and partly inhibited tumor growth. Together, our results provide the evidences for a critical role of TGF-β1/RGC-32 pathway in TAMs and colon cancer cells during tumor progression.
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38
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Zhu X, Shen H, Yin X, Yang M, Wei H, Chen Q, Feng F, Liu Y, Xu W, Li Y. Macrophages derived exosomes deliver miR-223 to epithelial ovarian cancer cells to elicit a chemoresistant phenotype. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:81. [PMID: 30770776 PMCID: PMC6377760 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background How exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from macrophages contribute to the development of drug resistance in the context of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poorly understood. Methods The miRNA levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein levels of HIF-1α, CD163 and PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway were assessed by Western blot (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Exosomes were isolated, and then confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and WB. Internalization of macrophages-secreted exosomes in EOC cells was detected by Confocal microscope. Subsequently, Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified PTEN was the target of miR-223. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, rescue experiments, and SKOV3 xenograft models were performed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of miR-223 and PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway, as well as the exosomal miR-223 in inducing multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. Results Here, we showed hypoxic EOC cells triggered macrophages recruitment and induced macrophages into a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like phenotype; exosomes derived from hypoxic macrophages enhanced the malignant phenotype of EOC cells, miR-223 was enriched in exosomes released from macrophages under hypoxia, which could be transferred to the co-cultivated EOC cells, accompanied by enhanced drug resistant of EOC cells. Besides, results from a functional assay revealed that exosomal miR-223 derived from macrophages promoted the drug resistance of EOC cells via the PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, patients with high HIF-1a expression had statistically higher CD163+ cell infiltration and intertumoral levels of miR-223. Finally, circulating exosomal miR-223 levels were closely related to the recurrence of EOC. Conclusions These data indicate a unique role of exosomal miR-223 in the cross-talk between macrophages and EOC cells in chemotherapy resistance, through a novel exosomal miR-223/PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1095-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Shen
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated People Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology and Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology and Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu C, Mustafa DAM, Krebber MM, Chrifi I, Leenen PJM, Duncker DJ, Dekker L, Luider TM, Kros JM, Cheng C. Comparative proteomic analysis of cat eye syndrome critical region protein 1- function in tumor-associated macrophages and immune response regulation of glial tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33500-33514. [PMID: 30323894 PMCID: PMC6173361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor development, angiogenesis and distal metastasis. In previous studies, we showed that Cat Eye Syndrome Critical Region Protein 1 (CECR1) is expressed by M2-like TAMs in human glioma samples. CECR1 promoted M2 TAMs differentiation and affected glioma cell proliferation and migration. Here we investigated the proteomic profile of TAMs expressing CECR1 in absence or presence of glioma cells. Results CECR1 siRNA transfection upregulated 67 proteins in THP-1-derived Macrophages (MQs). Pathway annotation mapped this set to 3 major pathways relevant for MQ function, including 'MHC-I antigen presentation', 'phagosome maturation' and 'endocytosis'. Co-culture of siCECR1 THP-1-derived MQs with U87 glioma cells attenuated the changes observed on protein and mRNA level in response to MQ CECR1 silencing. SiCECR1 in U87 co-cultured MQs was associated with an IL-10low, IL-12high M1-like phenotype. In U87 co-culture conditions, SiCECR1 also downregulated S20 proteasome complex proteins PSMA5, PSMA7, PSMC6 and PSMD8. This protein profile was linked to a low proliferation rate of siCECR1 MQs. Overlap analysis identified S100A9 and PLAU as CECR1-related proteins that were significantly correlated with expression of CECR1 and macrophage lineage markers in three large public GBM datasets. Conclusion This study reports the molecular pathways and key molecules that are mediated by CECR1 function in THP- 1-derived MQs and TAMs in glioma. Methods PMA-treated THP-1 cells (MQs) were siRNA transfected for CECR1 in vitro, with or without stimulation of the primary glioma cell line U87. Lysates were analyzed by (nano)LC-MS. Significant altered protein levels were identified (P < 0.05), followed by pathway annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merle M Krebber
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Moyes KW, Davis A, Hoglund V, Haberthur K, Lieberman NA, Kreuser SA, Deutsch GH, Franco S, Locke D, Carleton MO, Gilbertson DG, Simmons R, Winter C, Silber J, Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Ellenbogen RG, Crane CA. Effects of tumor grade and dexamethasone on myeloid cells in patients with glioma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1507668. [PMID: 30377570 PMCID: PMC6204983 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1507668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to reduce immunosuppression in the solid tumor microenvironment by blocking the recruitment or polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAM), or myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), have gained momentum in recent years. Expanding our knowledge of the immune cell types, cytokines, or recruitment factors that are associated with high-grade disease, both within the tumor and in circulation, is critical to identifying novel targets for immunotherapy. Furthermore, a better understanding of how therapeutic regimens, such as Dexamethasone (Dex), chemotherapy, and radiation, impact these factors will facilitate the design of therapies that can be targeted to the appropriate populations and retain efficacy when administered in combination with standard of care regimens. Here we perform quantitative analysis of tissue microarrays made of samples taken from grades I-III astrocytoma and glioblastoma (GBM, grade IV astrocytoma) to evaluate infiltration of myeloid markers CD163, CD68, CD33, and S100A9. Serum, flow cytometric, and Nanostring analysis allowed us to further elucidate the impact of Dex treatment on systemic biomarkers, circulating cells, and functional markers within tumor tissue. We found that common myeloid markers were elevated in Dex-treated grade I astrocytoma and GBM compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue and grade II-III astrocytomas. Cell frequencies in these samples differed significantly from those in Dex-naïve patients in a pattern that depended on tumor grade. In contrast, observed changes in serum chemokines or circulating monocytes were independent of disease state and were due to Dex treatment alone. Furthermore, these changes seen in blood were often not reflected within the tumor tissue. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of considering perioperative treatment as well as disease grade when assessing novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara W Moyes
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amira Davis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Virginia Hoglund
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Haberthur
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Ap Lieberman
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon A Kreuser
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Franco
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Conrad Winter
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | | | | | - Courtney A Crane
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
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CMTM4 regulates angiogenesis by promoting cell surface recycling of VE-cadherin to endothelial adherens junctions. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:75-93. [PMID: 30097810 PMCID: PMC6510885 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin is a key component of endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) and plays an important role in maintaining vascular integrity. Endocytosis of VE-cadherin regulates junctional strength and a decrease of surface VE-cadherin reduces vascular stability. However, disruption of AJs is also a requirement for vascular sprouting. Identifying novel regulators of endothelial endocytosis could enhance our understanding of angiogenesis. Here, we evaluated the angiogenic potential of (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain 4) CMTM4 and assessed in which molecular pathway CMTM4 is involved during angiogenesis. Using a 3D vascular assay composed of GFP-labeled HUVECs and dsRED-labeled pericytes, we demonstrated in vitro that siRNA-mediated CMTM4 silencing impairs vascular sprouting. In vivo, CMTM4 silencing by morpholino injection in zebrafish larvae inhibits intersomitic vessel growth. Intracellular staining revealed that CMTM4 colocalizes with Rab4+ and Rab7+ vesicles, both markers of the endocytic trafficking pathway. CMTM4 colocalizes with both membrane-bound and internalized VE-cadherin. Adenovirus-mediated CMTM4 overexpression enhances the endothelial endocytic pathway, in particular the rapid recycling pathway, shown by an increase in early endosomal antigen-1 positive (EEA1+), Rab4+, Rab11+ , and Rab7+ vesicles. CMTM4 overexpression enhances membrane-bound VE-cadherin internalization, whereas CMTM4 knockdown decreases internalization of VE-cadherin. CMTM4 overexpression promotes endothelial barrier function, shown by an increase in recovery of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) after thrombin stimulation. We have identified in this study a novel regulatory function for CMTM4 in angiogenesis. CMTM4 plays an important role in the turnover of membrane-bound VE-cadherin at AJs, mediating endothelial barrier function and controlling vascular sprouting.
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Xu R, Ji J, Zhang X, Han M, Zhang C, Xu Y, Wei Y, Wang S, Huang B, Chen A, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Li W, Jiang Z, Wang J, Li X. PDGFA/PDGFRα-regulated GOLM1 promotes human glioma progression through activation of AKT. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:193. [PMID: 29282077 PMCID: PMC5745991 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi Membrane Protein 1 (GOLM1), a protein involved in the trafficking of proteins through the Golgi apparatus, has been shown to be oncogenic in a variety of human cancers. Here, we examined the role of GOLM1 in the development of human glioma. METHODS qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate GOLM1 levels in cell lines and a cohort of primary human glioma and non-neoplastic brain tissue samples. Glioma cell lines were modified with lentiviral constructs expressing short hairpin RNAs targeting GOLM1 or overexpressing the protein to assess function in proliferation, viability, and migration and invasion in vitro using EdU, CCK8, clone-forming, Transwell assays, 3D tumor spheroid invasion assay and in vivo in orthotopic implantations. Protein lysates were used to screen a membrane-based antibody array to identify kinases mediated by GOLM1. Specific inhibitors of PDGFRα (AG1296) and AKT (MK-2206) were used to examine the regulation of PDGFA/PDGFRα on GOLM1 and the underlying pathway respectively. RESULTS qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed GOLM1 expression to be elevated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Silencing of GOLM1 attenuated proliferation, migration, and invasion of U251, A172 and P3#GBM (primary glioma) cells, while overexpression of GOLM1 enhanced malignant behavior of U87MG cells. We further demonstrated that activation of AKT is the driving force of GOLM1-promoted glioma progression. The last finding of this research belongs to the regulation of PDGFA/PDGFRα on GOLM1, while GOLM1 was also a key element of PDGFA/PDGFRα-mediated activation of AKT, as well as the progression of glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS PDGFA/PDGFRα-regulated GOLM1 promotes glioma progression possibly through activation of a key signaling kinase, AKT. GOLM1 interference may therefore provide a novel therapeutic target and improve the efficacy of glioma treatment, particularly in the case of the proneural molecular subtype of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jianxiong Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, #107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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CECR1-mediated cross talk between macrophages and vascular mural cells promotes neovascularization in malignant glioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5356-5368. [PMID: 28534507 PMCID: PMC5611481 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) are most malignant brain tumors characterized by profound vascularization. The activation of macrophages strongly contributes to tumor angiogenesis during GBM development. Previously, we showed that extracellular adenosine deaminase protein Cat Eye Syndrome Critical Region Protein 1 (CECR1) is highly expressed by M2-like macrophages in GBM where it defines macrophage M2 polarization and contributes to tumor expansion. In this study, the effect of CECR1 in macrophages on tumor angiogenesis was investigated. Immunohistochemical evaluation of GBM tissue samples showed that the expression of CECR1 correlates with microvascular density in the tumors, confirming data from the TCGA set. In a three-dimensional co-culture system consisting of human pericytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and THP1-derived macrophages, CECR1 knockdown by siRNA and CECR1 stimulation of macrophages inhibited and promoted new vessel formation, respectively. Loss and gain of function studies demonstrated that PDGFB mRNA and protein levels in macrophages are modulated by CECR1. The proangiogenic properties of CECR1 in macrophages were partially mediated via paracrine activation of pericytes by PDGFB–PDGFRβ signaling. CECR1–PDGFB–PDGFRβ cross-activation between macrophages and pericytes promoted pericyte migration, shown by transwell migration assay, and enhanced expression and deposition of periostin, a matrix component with proangiogenic properties. CECR1 function in (M2-like) macrophages mediates cross talk between macrophages and pericytes in GBM via paracrine PDGFB–PDGFRβ signaling, promoting pericyte recruitment and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, CECR1 offers a new portent target for anti-angiogenic therapy in GBM via immune modulation.
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