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Axon DR, Agu U. Correlation of Positive Psychological Health among US Adults (Aged ≥ 50 Years) with Pain and Documented Opioid Treatment. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 38247679 PMCID: PMC10813132 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the factors correlated with positive psychological health among United States older adults (≥50 years) with pain and documented opioid treatment. This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized a nationally representative dataset (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey). A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to assess the correlation of positive psychological health in the eligible population. The logistic regression model showed having excellent/very good/good (versus fair/poor) perceived health (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 9.062; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.383, 15.254) had a statistically significant correlation with positive psychological health among the eligible population. This finding offers important insights for clinicians and policymakers to consider when formulating approaches to better manage the psychological health of United States older adults with pain and documented opioid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Axon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1295 North Martin Avenue, P.O. Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Center for Health Outcomes & Pharmacoeconomic Research (HOPE Center), College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1295 North Martin Avenue, P.O. Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Uche Agu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1295 North Martin Avenue, P.O. Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
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Fahey MC, Talcott WG, Robinson LA, Mallawaarachchi I, Klesges RC, Little MA. Predictors of Cessation Outcomes Among Older Adult Smokers Enrolled in a Proactive Tobacco Quitline Intervention. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1144-1155. [PMID: 35506995 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221097679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify predictors of older adults' likelihood of quitting following engagement in a proactive tobacco quit line. METHODS Older (>60 years) participants (N = 186) enrolled in a four-session quit line with 8-weeks of nicotine replacement therapy reported demographics, beliefs, and information about tobacco use. Point prevalence abstinence was reported at 3 and 12-months. RESULTS In final models, endorsement of quitting to take control of one's life and confidence in quitting were positively associated with 3-month cessation (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.62; OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.21, 2.52, respectively). At 12 months, stronger endorsement of quitting to take control of one's life and decreased nicotine dependence were associated with higher cessation (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.17; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71,0.99, respectively). DISCUSSION For tobacco cessation among older adults, programs should provide additional support to those with higher nicotine dependence, promote quitting self-efficacy, and encourage quitting as means to gain control of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Fahey
- 5415Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wayne G Talcott
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 2358University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- 438578Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Leslie A Robinson
- 5415Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Indika Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 2358University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert C Klesges
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 2358University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- 438578Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Melissa A Little
- Department of Public Health Sciences, 2358University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Jao NC, Martinez-Cardoso A, Vahora M, Tan MM. The role of smoking history in longitudinal changes in C-reactive protein between Black and White older adults in the US. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101885. [PMID: 35855919 PMCID: PMC9287345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to examine the effect of race and smoking history on changes in CRP. Overall, there were no significant effects of race or current cigarette smoking on CRP change. In NHWs only, smoking history, education, sex, and BMI were predictive of CRP. In NHBs only, only BMI was predictive of CRP. NHBs may not experience the same reductions in CRP with smoking cessation as NHWs.
Smoking cessation is associated with decreases in C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation and cancer risk; yet CRP levels remain higher long-term in individuals who quit vs. those who never smoked. While non-Hispanic, Black/African American (NHB) have higher levels of CRP vs. non-Hispanic, White/Caucasian (NHW) adults, the association between CRP and race has not been examined in individuals with smoking history. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the current study examined the effects of race and smoking history on CRP in older adults. NHB (n = 242) and NHW (n = 1529) participants completed HRS assessments in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Dried blood spots collected at each wave were assayed for CRP. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of race and smoking history on CRP across waves – controlling for sociodemographics, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and current smoking. Overall, results showed no significant effects of race or current smoking on CRP; rather age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, smoking history, and time × race predicted CRP (ps<.04). However, while age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, and smoking history were also predictive of CRP in NHWs (ps<.04) in race-stratified models, only BMI was a significant predictor of CRP in NHBs (p=.012). BMI may be important in explaining inflammation-related disease risk in NHBs with a history of smoking. NHBs may not experience the same reductions in CRP with smoking cessation as NHWs – potentially contributing to tobacco-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.,Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, United States
| | | | - Moin Vahora
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, United States.,College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, United States
| | - Marcia M Tan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, United States
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Li C, Khan MM. Smoking and self-rated health status of older men in China. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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5
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Donaldson GC, Ritchie AI, Calverley PMA, Vestbo J, Fageras M, de la Hoz A, Bucchioni E, Compton CH, Mezzi K, Wedzicha JA. Impact of the UK lockdown on people at risk of COPD. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00358-2021. [PMID: 34820444 PMCID: PMC8607069 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00358-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
On 23 March 2020, the UK Government announced a nationwide lockdown in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, with people banned from leaving their homes except for essential journeys and exercise. Impact of the UK lockdown on early COPDhttps://bit.ly/3laMsmi
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C Donaldson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew I Ritchie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jorgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Alberto de la Hoz
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Calzada MT, Posada-López A, Gutiérrez-Quiceno B, Botero JE. Association Between Tobacco Smoking, Dental Status and Self-perceived Oral Health in Elderly Adults in Colombia. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2021; 36:187-200. [PMID: 33990901 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-021-09426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is responsible for several health problems, including mouth diseases. The aim of the present study was to establish the association between smoking and dental status and self-perceived oral health in a large group of elderly Colombian adults. Analysis of 18,937 survey records of participants aged ≥ 60 years old was conducted. Information regarding age, sex, skin color, socioeconomic level, education, marital status, denture use, partial tooth loss or edentulism, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and tobacco smoking was retrieved from the database. A descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Half of the participants were edentulous in the maxilla while mandibular teeth were more frequently retained in more than 60% of the participants. After adjusting for sex and age, smoking consistently increased the odds of partial or complete edentulism in the maxilla (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and mandible (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08). Nonetheless, the increase in the odds in the mandible was not statistically significant. The habit of smoking was associated with increased tooth loss that in the long-term may result in poor oral health affecting the quality of life of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Calzada
- Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00 Campus San Fernando, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adriana Posada-López
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bruno Gutiérrez-Quiceno
- Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00 Campus San Fernando, Cali, Colombia
| | - Javier Enrique Botero
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Associations of sustained smoking and smoking cessation with work-related outcomes: a longitudinal analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:529-537. [PMID: 33170345 PMCID: PMC8032580 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the association between sustained smoking and quitting with work-related outcomes among older workers. Methods We categorized a sample of older employees into non-smokers, sustained smokers and quitters. Multivariable regression models were used to test longitudinal associations of sustained smoking and smoking cessation with sickness absence, productivity loss and work ability. Results We included 3612 non-smokers, 673 sustained smokers and 246 quitters. Comparing sustained smokers to non-smokers, we found higher (but not statistically significant) sickness absence for sustained smokers [1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.16–2.17]. We did not find differences in productivity loss (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.60–1.13) and work ability (0.05, 95% CI −0.05–0.15). For employees with a relatively high physical health at baseline, comparing quitters to sustained smokers, we found higher (but not statistically significant) productivity loss for quitters (OR 2.23, 95% CI 0.94–5.31), and no difference in sickness absence (0.10, 95% CI − 2.67–2.87), and work ability (− 0.10, 95% CI − 0.36–0.16). For employees with a relatively low physical health at baseline, comparing quitters to sustained smokers, we found a statistically significant lower work ability (− 0.31, 95% CI − 0.57–0.05), and no difference in sickness absence (2.53, 95% CI − 1.29–6.34) and productivity loss (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.66–2.39). Conclusions We found no evidence that sustained smokers have less favorable work-related outcomes than non-smokers or that quitters have more favorable work-related outcomes than sustained smokers. The benefits of smoking cessation for employers might take a longer time to develop.
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Qiu D, Chen T, Liu T, Song F. Smoking cessation and related factors in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Evidence from a longitudinal study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240806. [PMID: 33057395 PMCID: PMC7561122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are more than 300 million smokers in China. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of smoking cessation, smoking relapse and related factors in middle-aged and older smokers in China. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) that recruited a nationally representative sample of adults aged 45 and older. Participants were 3708 smokers in 2011 who completed two waves of follow-up interviews in 2013 and 2015. Self-reported quit and relapse rates at follow-ups were estimated. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with smoking cessation and relapse. RESULTS The overall quit rate was 8.5% (95% CI 7.7% - 9.5%) at the 2-year follow-up in 2013, and 16.6% (95% CI 15.5% - 17.9%) at the 4-year follow up. Smoking cessation in 2013 was associated with not living in the northeast region (p = 0.003), fewer cigarettes smoked daily (p <0.001), and longer time to the first cigarette in the morning (p<0.001). Smoking cessation in 2015 was associated with older age (p = 0.049), smoking initiation at age ≥20 years (p<0.001), longer time to the first cigarette in the morning (p<0.001), and self-perceived poor health (p<0.001). Of the 317 participants who stopped smoking in 2013, 13.3% (95% CI 9.9% - 17.5%) relapsed by 2015. Smoking relapse was associated with younger age (p = 0.025), shorter time to the first cigarette in the morning (p = 0.003), and self-perception of not poor health (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION The overall quit rate was 8.5% at the 2-year follow up, and 16.6% at the 4-year follow up in the middle-aged and older smokers, but 13% of quitters returned to smoking in two years. Successful smoking cessation was associated with older age, lower nicotine dependence, and self-perceived poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Qiu
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Taiyi Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fujian Song
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Bakhshaie J, Rogers AH, Kauffman BY, Fasteau M, Buckner JD, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Situational fears: Association with negative affect-related smoking cognition among treatment seeking smokers. Addict Behav 2018; 85:158-163. [PMID: 29907345 PMCID: PMC6460920 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the consistent clinically-significant relation between smoking and anxiety and its disorders, there is limited understanding of how specific fears relate to smoking processes. To isolate therapeutic targets for smoking-anxiety treatment development, there is a need to identify the underlying situational fears most related to smoking processes. Thus, the present study examined the association between interoceptive, agoraphobic, and social fears in terms of clinically significant negative affect-related smoking cognitions including negative affect reduction expectancies, coping motives, and perceived internal barriers to cessation. Participants were 469 treatment seeking smokers (48.2% female, Mage = 36.59, SD = 13.58) enrolled in a smoking cessation trial and completed baseline measures of smoking cognitions and situational fears. Results indicated that the there was a significant effect for social fears, relative to interoceptive and agoraphobic fears, for each of the studied clinically relevant smoking variables. Overall, this study offers initial empirical evidence that social fears are significantly and consistently related to several clinically-significant types of smoking cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brooke Y Kauffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, LA, United States
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Association between successful smoking cessation and changes in marital and job status and health behaviours: evidence from a 10-wave nationwide survey in Japan. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1051. [PMID: 30134895 PMCID: PMC6106763 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge the association of smoking cessation with changes in lifestyle and health behaviours. This study examined this issue using large-scale, long-term longitudinal data. Methods The data were obtained from a 10-wave (nine-year) longitudinal nationwide survey of middle-aged individuals conducted from 2005 to 2014 in Japan. Participants included 4452 men and 1194 women aged 50–59 years who were smoking at wave 1. Smoking cessation was defined as no smoking during waves 8–10; and changes in marital and job status, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol intake, and health check-ups from waves 1 to 8 were considered. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to explain smoking cessation as a function of changes in marital and job status and health behaviours, and were adjusted for potential attrition bias. Results Male smoking cessation was negatively associated with separation from a spouse (odds ratio [OR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.92) and stopping of health check-ups (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49–0.81), while it was positively associated with moving from work to retirement (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.23–2.26), beginning a leisure-time physical activity (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.83–3.08), and quitting alcohol intake (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.36–2.39). Female smoking cessation was negatively associated with the stoppage of health check-ups (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.18–0.53) and positively associated with quitting alcohol intake (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.08–3.20). Conclusions The results underscore the association of smoking cessation with changes in marital and job status and health behaviours and imply the need for policy measures to improve health behaviours to promote smoking cessation.
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Zhao C, Wong L, Zhu Q, Yang H. Prevalence and correlates of chronic diseases in an elderly population: A community-based survey in Haikou. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199006. [PMID: 29902222 PMCID: PMC6002039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating problem of multiple chronic conditions among older adults in China draws public health attention due to increasing proportion of the elderly population. This study sought to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with four chronic diseases in older adults in Haikou, the capital city of Hainan Province, China. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, 9432 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 years and older living in rural or urban areas in Haikou were investigated. The interviews collected self-reported information on the presence of four major chronic diseases, as well as socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and self-reported height and weight. FINDINGS Overall, 31.7% (2961/9344) reported at least one of the four chronic diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and stroke was 26.0% (2449/9407), 8.0% (749/9371), 1.0% (95/9360), and 1.9% (175/9382), respectively. Common correlates of the four major chronic diseases were older age, being engaged in intellectual work, currently being a smoker and obesity. Gender, locality of residence, and alcohol consumptions were also found to be associated to some of the chronic conditions. CONCLUSION This finding indicates that multiple chronic conditions among elderly people in Haikou are prevalent and warrant special attention to reduce diseases burden and align health care services to cater the holistic elderly patients' need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zhao
- College of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Liping Wong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
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Progovac AM, Chang YF, Chang CCH, Matthews KA, Donohue JM, Scheier MF, Habermann EB, Kuller LH, Goveas JS, Chapman BP, Duberstein PR, Messina CR, Weaver KE, Saquib N, Wallace RB, Kaplan RC, Calhoun D, Smith JC, Tindle HA. Are Optimism and Cynical Hostility Associated with Smoking Cessation in Older Women? Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:500-510. [PMID: 28194642 PMCID: PMC5554747 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism and cynical hostility independently predict morbidity and mortality in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants and are associated with current smoking. However, their association with smoking cessation in older women is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to test whether optimism (positive future expectations) or cynical hostility (mistrust of others) predicts smoking cessation in older women. METHODS Self-reported smoking status was assessed at years 1, 3, and 6 after study entry for WHI baseline smokers who were not missing optimism or cynical hostility scores (n = 10,242). Questionnaires at study entry assessed optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised) and cynical hostility (Cook-Medley, cynical hostility subscale). Generalized linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and medical and psychosocial characteristics including depressive symptoms. RESULTS After full covariate adjustment, optimism was not related to smoking cessation. Each 1-point increase in baseline cynical hostility score was associated with 5% lower odds of cessation over 6 years (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.92-0.98, p = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS In aging postmenopausal women, greater cynical hostility predicts lower smoking cessation over time. Future studies should examine whether individuals with this trait may benefit from more intensive cessation resources or whether attempting to mitigate cynical hostility itself may aid smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Progovac
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Health Equity Research Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1035 Cambridge St. Suite 26, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA.
| | - Yue-Fang Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chung-Chou H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie M Donohue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael F Scheier
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Habermann
- Division of Health Care Policy & Research and Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph S Goveas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin P Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Paul R Duberstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine R Messina
- Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn E Weaver
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges, Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Mini GK, Sarma PS, Thankappan KR. Pattern of tobacco use and its correlates among older adults in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6195-8. [PMID: 25124597 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined tobacco use pattern and its correlates among older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data of 9,852 older adults (>=60 years) (men 47% mean age 68 years) collected by the United Nations Population Fund on Ageing from seven Indian states. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlates of tobacco use. RESULTS Current use of any form of tobacco was reported by 27.8% (men 37.9%, women 18.8%); 9.2% reported only smoking tobacco, 16.9% smokeless tobacco only and 1.7% used both forms. Alcohol users (OR:5.20, 95% CI:4.06-6.66), men (OR:2.92, CI :2.71-3.47), those reporting lower income (OR:2.74, CI:2.16- 3.46), rural residents (OR 1.34, CI 1.17-1.54) and lower castes (OR:1.29, CI:1.13-1.47) were more likely to use any form of tobacco compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco cessation interventions are warranted in this population focusing on alcohol users, men, those from lower income, rural residents and those belonging to a lower caste.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Mini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India E-mail :
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Smoking cessation and receipt of cessation advice from health professionals among older smokers in Taiwan. Prev Med 2016; 91:89-95. [PMID: 27496393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence and correlates of smoking cessation and receiving professional cessation advice among older smokers in Taiwan. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 2008-2010 and 2012 Taiwan Adult Smoking Behavior Survey was used to form a sample of 4081 recent active smokers aged 50+, comprising current smokers and former smokers who quit smoking within the past 12months. We examined three outcome variables: quit attempt in the past 12months, successful cessation for at least 3months, and receipt of health professional cessation advice. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify significant correlates. RESULTS During the study period, the annual quit attempt rate was 41.4%, annual successful cessation rate was 4.7%, and prevalence of receiving cession advice among smokers who visited health professionals within the past 12months was 72.3%. After controlling for other covariates, quit attempts were significantly higher in 2009 and positively associated with higher education, poorer health status, smoke-free homes, and receipt of cessation advice. Successful cessation was significantly higher in 2009, positively associated with older age, higher income, and smoke-free homes, and negatively associated with receiving cessation advice. Receipt of cessation advice was significantly lower in 2010 and 2012, positively associated with male gender, older age, and poorer health status, and negatively associated with higher education. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that targeting lower educated and lower income subgroups, adopting effective strategies to increase voluntary smoke-free home rules, and improving professional cessation advice will have great potential to further reduce smoking prevalence in older smokers.
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Skov-Ettrup LS, Nordestgaard BG, Petersen CB, Tolstrup JS. Does High Tobacco Consumption Cause Psychological Distress? A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:32-38. [PMID: 27613883 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that smoking influences mental health negatively. This study investigated whether high tobacco consumption is causally related to psychological distress in a Mendelian randomization design, using a variant in the nicotine acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA3-known to influence individual tobacco consumption-as instrumental variable for tobacco consumption. METHODS Data from 90 108 participants in the Copenhagen General Population Study was used. Exposures included self-reported cigarettes/day and pack years and the CHRNA3 rs1051730 genotype as instrumental variable for tobacco consumption. Three dimensions of psychological distress were studied: Stress, fatigue, and hopelessness. Analyses with the CHRNA3 genotype were stratified by smoking status. RESULTS Self-reported amount of smoking was associated with all three dimensions of psychological distress. For instance among participants smoking 30 cigarettes/day or more, the odds ratio (OR) for stress was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-1.89) compared to never-smokers. Corresponding ORs for fatigue and hopelessness were 2.18 (95% CI 1.92-2.47) and 3.08 (95% CI 2.62-3.62). Among current smokers, homozygotes and heterozygotes for the CHRNA3 genotype had higher tobacco consumption than noncarriers. Nevertheless, the CHRNA3 genotype was not associated with psychological distress neither in current nor in former or never-smokers. For instance among current smokers, the OR for stress was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) among homozygotes compared to noncarriers of the CHRNA3 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Though a strong association between tobacco consumption and psychological distress was found, there was no clear evidence that high tobacco consumption was causally related to psychological distress. IMPLICATIONS Smoking is associated with several mental health outcomes and smoking cessation is associated with improved mental health. Causality in the association between smoking and mental health is difficult to establish using observational data. Using a genotype known to influence tobacco consumption as instrumental variable for amount of smoking, we found no clear evidence of a direct causal path between high tobacco consumption and psychological distress. Whatever causes the strong association between tobacco consumption and psychological distress, the co-occurrence is important to consider both in interventions for smoking prevention and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise S Skov-Ettrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina B Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cooper J, Borland R, Yong HH, Fotuhi O. The impact of quitting smoking on depressive symptoms: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey. Addiction 2016; 111:1448-56. [PMID: 26918680 PMCID: PMC4940259 DOI: 10.1111/add.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether abstinence or relapse on a quit attempt in the previous year is associated with current depressive symptoms. DESIGN Prospective cohort with approximately annual waves. Mixed-effect logistic regressions tested whether time 2 (T2) quitting status was associated with reporting symptoms at T2, and whether time 1 (T1) symptoms moderated this relationship. SETTING Waves 5-8 of the Four-Country International Tobacco Control Study: a quasi-experimental cohort study of smokers from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6978 smokers who participated in telephone surveys. MEASUREMENTS T1 and T2 depressive symptoms in the last 4 weeks were assessed with two screening items from the PRIME-MD questionnaire. Quitting status at T2: (1) no attempt since T1; (2) attempted and relapsed; and (3) attempted and abstinent at T2. FINDINGS Compared with no attempt, relapse was associated with reporting T2 symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33, 1.59]). Associations between T2 quitting status and T2 symptoms were moderated by T1 symptoms. Relapse was associated positively with T2 symptoms for those without T1 symptoms (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.45, 2.03) and those with T1 symptoms (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.70). Abstinence was associated positively for those without T1 symptoms (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.71) and negatively for those with T1 symptoms (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.94). Age moderated these associations significantly. Relapse did not predict T2 symptoms for those aged 18-39 irrespective of T1 symptoms. The negative effect of abstinence on T2 symptoms for those with T1 symptoms was significant only for those aged 18-39 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.94) and 40-55 (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.84). The positive effect of abstinence on T2 symptoms for those without T1 symptoms was significant only for those aged more than 55 (OR =1.97, 95% CI = 1.35, 2.87). CONCLUSIONS Most people who stop smoking appear to be at no greater risk of developing symptoms of depression than if they had continued smoking. However, people aged more than 55 who stop smoking may be at greater risk of developing symptoms of depression than if they had continued smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Cooper
- Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Omid Fotuhi
- University of Waterloo, Department of Psychology, Ontario, Canada
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Forman-Hoffman VL, Hedden SL, Glasheen C, Davies C, Colpe LJ. The role of mental illness on cigarette dependence and successful quitting in a nationally representative, household-based sample of U.S. adults. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:447-454. [PMID: 27247163 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To begin to explore whether the association between mental illness (MI), cigarette dependence, and unsuccessful quit attempts differs across particular demographic subgroups. METHODS This study examines data from adults aged 18 years or older participating in the 2008-2012 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Analyses explored the moderating effects of age, gender, and race and/or ethnicity on associations between three levels of MI: (serious mental illness [SMI], any mental illness but no SMI, and no MI) and two smoking-related outcomes (cigarette dependence among current smokers and successful quitting among ever daily smokers). RESULTS After confirming that adults with MI were more likely to be dependent on cigarettes and less likely to successfully quit smoking, particularly among those with SMI, adjusted analyses indicated that age (but not gender or race/ethnicity) moderated the associations between MI and cigarette dependence and between MI. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the association between MI and cigarette dependence and between MI and successful quitting appears to be stronger among older adults than among younger adults. Identifying subgroups at particular high risk of cigarette dependence is paramount to targeting smoking prevention, cessation, and treatment services appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarra L Hedden
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, SAMHSA, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Lisa J Colpe
- National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Services and Intervention Research, Bethesda, MD.
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Moreira-Santos TM, Godoy I, de Godoy I. Psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Bras Pneumol 2016; 42:61-7. [PMID: 26982043 PMCID: PMC4805389 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562016000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all causes of preventable deaths, smoking is responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide and predisposes to fatal, noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of patients with smoking-related diseases and assist in the prevention of premature mortality. Our objective was to investigate the available scientific evidence regarding the psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction. To that end, we conducted an integrative review of the literature in order to summarize relevant studies on this topic. The selected databases were Scopus, PubMed Central, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science (Core Collection), ScienceDirect, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS e PsycINFO. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted for this study, 14 articles were selected for analysis. Those studies showed that the prevalence of psychological distress is higher among smokers than among nonsmokers, and distress-related symptoms are much more common in smokers with acute myocardial infarction than in those without. Smoking cessation depends on the active participation of the smoker, whose major motivation is the underlying disease. Most studies have shown that there is a need to create treatment subgroups as a means of improving the treatment provided. This review article expands the knowledge regarding smoking cessation and shows the need to invest in future research that investigates subgroups of smokers diagnosed with the major smoking-related comorbidities, such as acute myocardial infarction, in order to develop specific interventions and psychological support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Godoy
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Ilda de Godoy
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Shahab L, Gilchrist G, Hagger-Johnson G, Shankar A, West E, West R. Reciprocal associations between smoking cessation and depression in older smokers: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 207:243-9. [PMID: 25999339 PMCID: PMC4678946 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.153494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a particular problem in older people and it is important to know how it affects and is affected by smoking cessation. AIMS To identify reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between smoking cessation and depression among older smokers. METHOD Across four waves, covering six years (2002-2008), changes in smoking status and depression, measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, were assessed among recent ex-smokers and smokers (n = 2375) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. RESULTS In latent growth curve analysis, smoking at baseline predicted depression caseness longitudinally and vice versa. When both processes were modelled concurrently, depression predicted continued smoking longitudinally (B(β) = 0.21 (0.27); 95% CI = 0.08-0.35) but not the other way round. This was the case irrespective of mental health history and adjusting for a range of covariates. CONCLUSIONS In older smokers, depression appears to act as an important barrier to quitting, although quitting has no long-term impact on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lion Shahab
- Lion Shahab, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK; Gail Gilchrist, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; Gareth Hagger-Johnson, PhD, Institute of Child Health, University College London; Aparna Shankar, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London; Elizabeth West, PhD, School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, London; Robert West, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
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Bakhshaie J, Zvolensky MJ, Goodwin RD. Cigarette smoking and the onset and persistence of depression among adults in the United States: 1994-2005. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 60:142-8. [PMID: 25882595 PMCID: PMC4449310 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the relationship between daily cigarette smoking and risk of onset and persistence of major depressive disorder (MDD) over a 10-year period among adults in the United States and whether successful smoking cessation reduced the risk for MDD. METHOD Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey (MIDUS; n=2101) Waves I and II. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the relations between smoking and the onset and persistence of MDD, adjusting for demographic characteristics and substance use problems. RESULTS Daily smoking in 1994 [OR=1.9 (1.2-3.2)] and persistent daily smoking (in 1994 and 2005) [OR=2.2 (1.3-3.7)] were both associated with a significantly increased likelihood of MDD in 2005. Additionally, abstinence, compared to daily smoking, for more than 10years significantly reduced the risk of MDD in 2005 [OR=0.5 (0.3-0.87)] and persistent MDD in 1994 and 2005; [OR=0.5 (0.3-0.87)]. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide new insights into the role of smoking in the onset and persistence of MDD. Namely, among those in mid-adulthood, smoking is associated with greater MDD risk and quitting may help to reduce such risk. These results suggest that there may be merit in targeting smoking to reduce the risk of MDD and the mental health benefits of quitting smoking in the form of reduced risk of MDD could usefully be added to common information listed as reasons to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX, 77204, United States
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX, 77204, United States,Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Renee D. Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 65–30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367. Tel.: +1 718 997 3247; fax: +1 212 342 5168. (R.D. Goodwin)
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Relationship Between Coffee Use and Depression and Anxiety in a Population of Adult Polysubstance Abusers. J Addict Med 2014; 8:438-42. [DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Choi NG, DiNitto DM. Role of New Diagnosis, Social Isolation, and Depression in Older Adults’ Smoking Cessation. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 55:793-801. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Farris SG, Zvolensky MJ, Blalock JA, Schmidt NB. Negative affect and smoking motives sequentially mediate the effect of panic attacks on tobacco-relevant processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2014; 40:230-9. [PMID: 24720260 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.891038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Empirical work has documented a robust and consistent relation between panic attacks and smoking behavior. Theoretical models posit smokers with panic attacks may rely on smoking to help them manage chronically elevated negative affect due to uncomfortable bodily states, which may explain higher levels of nicotine dependence and quit problems. METHODS The current study examined the effects of panic attack history on nicotine dependence, perceived barriers for quitting, smoking inflexibility when emotionally distressed, and expired carbon monoxide among 461 treatment-seeking smokers. A multiple mediator path model was evaluated to examine the indirect effects of negative affect and negative affect reduction motives as mediators of the panic attack-smoking relations. RESULTS Panic attack history was indirectly related to greater levels of nicotine dependence (b = 0.039, CI95% = 0.008, 0.097), perceived barriers to smoking cessation (b = 0.195, CI95% = 0.043, 0.479), smoking inflexibility/avoidance when emotionally distressed (b = 0.188, CI95% = 0.041, 0.445), and higher levels of expired carbon monoxide (b = 0.071, CI95% = 0.010, 0.230) through the sequential effects of negative affect and negative affect smoking motives. CONCLUSIONS The present results provide empirical support for the sequential mediating role of negative affect and smoking motives for negative affect reduction in the relation between panic attacks and a variety of smoking variables in treatment-seeking smokers. These mediating variables are likely important processes to address in smoking cessation treatment, especially in panic-vulnerable smokers.
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Wenig JR, Erfurt L, Kröger CB, Nowak D. Smoking cessation in groups--who benefits in the long term? HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2013; 28:869-878. [PMID: 23962493 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The 'Rauchfrei Programm' is the most widespread cognitive behavioral group program for smoking cessation in Germany. The aim of this study was to evaluate smoking cessation in the routine care setting and to investigate whether certain characteristics predict long-term abstinence. The study is a longitudinal field study with a one group pre-post-follow-up design. Participants were 1319 smokers, who were asked to complete questionnaires before and after the program. Twelve months later, participants were followed-up by phone. 48.1% of participants attended every session. At the end of the program, 60.9% of the participants were smoke-free. After one year, the abstinence rate accounted for 31.8% (Intention-to-treat). A logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, higher age, being married, lower level of nicotine dependence as well as adherence to the program significantly increased the likelihood of abstinence, whereas education and employment did not. No significant influence of self-payment on the rates of abstinence was observed. It is concluded that the modern smoking cessation program is highly recommendable as it achieves sufficient abstinence rates in a real-life setting. However, it still remains a challenge to increase adherence rates and to achieve comparable success rates in smokers with different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wenig
- IFT-Gesundheitsförderung, 80804 Munich, Germany and Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
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Carson KV, Jurisevic MA, Smith BJ. Is cancer risk still reduced if you give up smoking in later life? Lung Cancer Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.13.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY This report summarizes the experimental and epidemiological evidence examining the ability of smoking cessation to influence cancer risk reduction in later life. Available evidence suggests that smoking cessation even in later years can significantly reduce mortality and yield risk reductions for many cancers including lung, oral, head and neck, and stomach cancer, among others. More research is necessary to accurately quantify the degree of cancer risk reduction for particular age groups and to calculate the minimum time of cessation necessary to produce a significant benefit for the patient. Smoking cessation is the only approach that has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of many cancers on a mass scale. Considering this, we recommend that healthcare providers communicate these benefits to patients at every opportunity and reinforce the notion that it is never too late to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V Carson
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark A Jurisevic
- The Clinical Practice Unit, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, Australia
- Respiratory Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brian J Smith
- The Clinical Practice Unit, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, Australia
- Respiratory Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Kaleta D, Korytkowski P, Makowiec-Dąbrowska T, Usidame B, Bąk-Romaniszyn L, Fronczak A. Predictors of long-term smoking cessation: results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009-2010). BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1020. [PMID: 23173904 PMCID: PMC3563479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expanding the information on determinants of smoking cessation is crucial for developing and implementing more effective tobacco control measures at the national as well as European levels. Data on smoking cessation and its social correlates among adults from middle-income countries of Central and Eastern Europe are still poorly reported in the literature. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of socio-demographic indicators with long term tobacco smoking cessation (quit smoking for at least one year prior to interview) among adults. Moreover, we evaluated motives for giving up smoking from former smokers. Methods Data on former as well as current smokers’ socio-demographic and smoking-related characteristics were derived from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). GATS is a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey implemented in Poland between 2009 and 2010. GATS collected data on a representative sample of 7,840 individuals including 1,206 individuals who met the criteria of long-term smoking cessation and 2,233 current smokers. Smoking cessation rate was calculated as the number of former smokers divided by the number of ever smokers. Logistic regression analyses were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the broad number of variables on successful cessation of smoking. Results Among females the quit rate was 30.4% compared to 37.9% in males (p < 0.01). Former smokers declared concerns about the health hazard of smoking (60.8%) and the high price of cigarettes (11.6%) as primary reasons for smoking cessation. Older age, high education attainment, awareness of smoking health consequences was associated with long-term quitting among both genders. Also employed males had over twice the probability of giving up smoking compared with unemployed, and being religious did not contribute to successful smoking cessation. Conclusion Results indicated that smoking cessation policies focused on younger age groups are vital for curbing tobacco epidemic in Poland and should become a public health main concern. There is also the need for interventions to raise awareness on smoking health risks and quitting benefits are crucial to increase cessation potential among adult smokers. Nevertheless further effort needs to be done to prevent smoking uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
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Zaitune MPDA, Barros MBDA, Lima MG, César CLG, Carandina L, Goldbaum M, Alves MCGP. [Factors associated with smoking in the elderly: a health survey in São Paulo (ISA-SP)]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2012; 28:583-96. [PMID: 22415190 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports on smoking prevalence and associated factors in the elderly, based on a population-based cross-sectional study with multi-stage sampling including 1,954 individuals 60 years or older living in four areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Overall smoking prevalence was 12.2%, and higher rates were associated with male gender, age 60-69 years, not belonging to an Evangelical church, lower income, low body weight, lack of leisure-time physical activity, depression/anxiety, and hypertension. There was a high prevalence of smokers among individuals with a history of stroke, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The results point to the need for effective interventions in healthcare services to promote smoking cessation among the elderly, since many are unable to stop on their own, even when they have tobacco-related illnesses. Special attention should be paid to individuals that depend on the National Health System, since smoking prevalence is higher in underprivileged socioeconomic groups.
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Predictors of smoking cessation in 50–66-year-old male Taiwanese smokers: A 7-year national cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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van Meijgaard J, Fielding JE. Estimating benefits of past, current, and future reductions in smoking rates using a comprehensive model with competing causes of death. Prev Chronic Dis 2012; 9:E122. [PMID: 22765931 PMCID: PMC3468309 DOI: 10.5888/pcd9.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite years of declining smoking prevalence, tobacco use is still the leading preventable contributor to illness and death in the United States, and the effect of past tobacco-use control efforts has not fully translated into improvements in health outcomes. The objective of this study was to use a life course model with multiple competing causes of death to elucidate the ongoing benefits of tobacco-use control efforts on US death rates. Methods We used a continuous-time life course simulation model for the US population. We modeled smoking initiation and cessation and 20 leading causes of death as competing risks over the life span, with the risk of death for each cause dependent on past and current smoking status. Risk parameters were estimated using data from the National Health Interview Survey that were linked to follow-up mortality data. Results Up to 14% (9% for men, 14% for women) of the total gain in life expectancy since 1960 was due to tobacco-use control efforts. Past efforts are expected to further increase life expectancy by 0.9 years for women and 1.3 years for men. Additional reduction in smoking prevalence may eventually yield an average 3.4-year increase in life expectancy in the United States. Coronary heart disease is expected to increase as a share of total deaths. Conclusions A dynamic individual-level model with multiple causes of death supports assessment of the delayed benefits of improved tobacco-use control efforts. We show that past smoking reduction efforts will translate into further increases in life expectancy in the coming years. Smoking will remain a major contributor to preventable illness and death, worthy of continued interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Meijgaard
- Department of Health Services, University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
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Park S, Lee JY, Song TM, Cho SI. Age-associated changes in nicotine dependence. Public Health 2012; 126:482-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yong HH, Borland R, Thrasher JF, Thompson ME. Stability of cigarette consumption over time among continuing smokers: a latent growth curve analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 14:531-9. [PMID: 22311963 PMCID: PMC3337535 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examined the stability over time of daily cigarette consumption of continuing smokers and explored factors that might account for the patterns of change in consumption using a latent growth curve (LGC) analytic approach. METHODS Data come from the first 5 waves of the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey, conducted in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia where a cohort of over 2,000 smokers from each country were recruited and followed up annually with replenishment. RESULTS Raw data revealed that continuing smokers showed a marked steep decline in cigarettes per day during the first 2 waves followed by a gentler linear decline in consumption over the remaining waves of the study period. This pattern of change in cigarette consumption was best modelled using a piecewise linear LGC model. Baseline consumption level was highest in Australia and lowest in the United Kingdom, although the rate of decline was similar across the 4 countries. Being older than 55 years and having made at least 1 quit attempt were related to greater rate of decline in consumption. CONCLUSIONS Continuing smokers who are unwilling or unable to quit smoking can and do attempt to reduce their daily cigarette consumption over time. Factors such as making a quit attempt even if unsuccessful and experiencing smoking bans at work and at homes can contribute to reduced smoking among this group, which suggests that interventions focusing in on these factors, along with providing cessation help, may greatly improve their chances of quitting smoking altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hie Yong
- VicHealth Center for Tobacco Control, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
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Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G, Le Houezec J, Samalin L, Schmitt A, de Chazeron I, Doly-Kuchcik L. Le sevrage tabagique des « fumeurs difficiles ». Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:448-61. [PMID: 22542404 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de lutte antituberculeux (CLAT 63), centre de tabacologie, 11 rue Vaucanson, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Smith ML, Colwell B, Ahn S, Ory MG. Factors Associated With Tobacco Smoking Practices Among Middle-Aged and Older Women in Texas. J Women Aging 2012; 24:3-22. [DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2012.638876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Barriers to quitting smoking among medically ill smokers. J Behav Med 2011; 35:484-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
A limited number of studies have examined the co-occurrence of alcohol use and smoking and their mental health effects in middle and late life. In this study, using the 2008 National Survey of Drug Use and Health, the characteristics of individuals aged 50 and older who abstained from both substances, who used both substances, and who used one or the other substance were examined. Then, the main and interaction effects of drinking and smoking on psychological distress were analyzed. Findings show that smoker-nondrinkers are the most disadvantaged group in terms of sociodemographic and health characteristics, while drinker-nonsmokers are the most advantaged group. When sociodemographic, health, and other factors were controlled, no direct effects of drinking or interaction effect of drinking and smoking were detected for either gender. However, heavy smoking (6+ cigarettes on a typical smoking day) was significantly associated with an elevated level of psychological distress among women. The findings highlight the vulnerability of heavy smoking middle-aged and older women. These women are the most psychologically distressed and may need interventions designed to help them quit smoking, reduce or quit drinking, and alleviate psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G Choi
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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Kerr S, Whyte R, Watson H, Tolson D, McFadyen AK. A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Tailored Smoking Cessation Training for Healthcare Practitioners Who Work with Older People. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2011; 8:177-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6787.2011.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Giatti L, Barreto SM. Tabagismo, situação no mercado de trabalho e gênero: análise da PNAD 2008. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27:1132-42. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o tabagismo atual está associado à inserção no mercado de trabalho, após ajuste por escolaridade, renda e saúde em homens e mulheres; objetivou, também, discutir hipóteses explicativas. Foram estudados indivíduos de 15 a 64 anos, residentes em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, pertencentes à população economicamente ativa, incluídos na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (2008). Razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram obtidos pela regressão de Poisson. Após ajustes, o tabagismo foi estatisticamente maior em indivíduos inseridos no trabalho sem proteção social (homens, RP = 1,31, IC95%: 1,24-1,38; mulheres, RP = 1,22, IC95%: 1,12-1,31) e desempregados (homens, RP = 1,31, IC95%: 1,18-1,44; mulheres, RP = 1,16, IC95%: 1,03-1,32). Prevalências mais altas de tabagismo foram observadas nos homens inseridos no trabalho sem proteção social. Nossos resultados confirmam que a situação no mercado de trabalho é uma dimensão independente das desigualdades sociais no tabagismo. O gradiente social observado foi mais acentuado nos homens, mas a associação entre inserção no trabalho e tabagismo está presente nos dois gêneros.
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Holahan CK, Holahan CJ, Powers DA, Hayes RB, Marti CN, Ockene JK. Depressive symptoms and smoking in middle-aged and older women. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:722-31. [PMID: 21504881 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking research and intervention efforts have neglected older women. Depressive symptoms, which are common in middle-aged and older women, are related to the maintenance of adult smoking. METHODS This study investigated the relation of a composite measure of current depressive symptoms, derived from a short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and history of depressive symptoms, derived from two items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, to smoking outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (N = 90,627). Participants were postmenopausal with an average age of 63.6 years at baseline. Participants were recruited from urban, suburban, and rural areas surrounding 40 clinical centers in the United States. Analyses controlled for age, educational level, and ethnicity. RESULTS In multinomial logistic regression analyses, depressive symptoms were related cross-sectionally to current light (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.14-1.23) and heavier (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.23-1.32) smoking at baseline compared with nonsmokers. In prospective multiple logistic regression analyses, baseline depressive symptoms were negatively predictive of smoking cessation at a 1-year follow-up (OR = .85, 95% CI = 0.77-0.93) and at participants' final assessments in the study (OR = .92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.98). Light smokers had more than 2 times higher odds of smoking cessation than did heavier smokers. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate a consistent link between depressive symptoms and negative smoking-related behaviors among middle-aged and older women at both light and heavier smoking levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole K Holahan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Sachs-Ericsson N, Collins N, Schmidt B, Zvolensky M. Older adults and smoking: Characteristics, nicotine dependence and prevalence of DSM-IV 12-month disorders. Aging Ment Health 2011; 15:132-41. [PMID: 20924817 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2010.505230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are few studies investigating the characteristics of older smokers. Research on younger adults has determined that (1) the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) diagnosis of nicotine dependence (ND) excludes a sizable portion of the smoking population, and (2) younger smokers have high rates of comorbid DSM disorders. In this study, we sought to replicate these results in an older population. METHOD Based on a large representative sample, we examined the smoking patterns in adults aged 50 and over (N = 2139). We describe the characteristics of the current smokers (n = 410). We identified differences in smoking characteristics and prevalence rates of DSM-IV 12-month diagnoses by smoking severity. RESULTS Most smokers did not meet the criteria for DSM 12-month ND. Older smokers identified as having ND were first diagnosed at a relatively older age. Smokers with ND differed from smokers without a diagnosis in several ways: they smoked more; they had more symptoms of ND and had substantially higher rates of comorbid DSM 12-month disorders. Nonetheless, there were a number of older smokers with dependency symptoms who continue to smoke throughout their lifetimes, but never meet the criteria for ND. CONCLUSION Smokers without ND are most likely to have a mood disorder whereas those smokers with ND are most likely to have an anxiety or substance use disorder. Smokers without ND still have relatively high rates of dependency symptoms. Given the late onset of ND, smoking dependence may be a progressive disorder. High rates of psychiatric disorders may interfere with smoking cessation.
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Thompson AB, Moon-Howard J, Messeri PA. Smoking cessation advantage among adult initiators: does it apply to black women? Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:15-21. [PMID: 21078832 PMCID: PMC6383617 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smokers who initiate as adults are more likely to quit than those who initiate as adolescents. Black women are more likely than White women to initiate smoking in adulthood and are less likely to quit. There is a paucity of research examining whether the smoking cessation advantage among adult initiators applies to Black women. The study objective is to examine race differences in the effect of developmental stage of smoking initiation on number of years until cessation among Black and White women. METHODS Data were extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, a national cohort of women between the ages of 49 and 61 years in 2003. The analytic sample comprised 1,008 White women and 271 Black women with a history of smoking. Survival analysis procedures were utilized to address the study objective. RESULTS Racial disparities in smoking cessation were most evident among women who initiated smoking as adults. White young adult initiators had a 31% increased hazard of smoking cessation advantage (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.65) over adolescent initiators, whereas Black young adult initiators had no smoking cessation advantage (adjusted HR: 0.85, CI: 95% 0.55-1.30) over adolescent initiators. CONCLUSIONS Prior observations that smoking initiation in adulthood is associated with high rates of cessation do not apply to black women. To contribute to the reduction of disparities in women's cessation efforts to prevent initiation should target young adult women, particularly Black young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure B Thompson
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Kaufman A, Augustson E, Davis K, Finney Rutten LJ. Awareness and use of tobacco quitlines: evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2010; 15 Suppl 3:264-78. [PMID: 21154098 PMCID: PMC3755755 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2010.526172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Smoking quitlines, with their demonstrated efficacy and convenience, have become integral to tobacco control efforts in the United States. However, use of quitlines in smoking cessation remains low relative to their potential. To increase quitline use in the United States, a better understanding of current awareness of quitlines is needed. We analyzed data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 7,674) to identify factors associated with awareness and use of quitlines. Data were weighted to provide representative estimates of the adult U.S. population. Of those surveyed, approximately 50% were aware of quitlines (65% of current smokers) and 3.5% had called a quitline (9% of current smokers). Current and former smokers were significantly more likely to be aware of quitlines than never smokers (p < .01). Age, ethnicity, and education were significantly related to quitline awareness. Looking for health information (OR = 1.40, CI = 1.14-1.73) and having more trust in the government as a source of health information (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.05-1.48) were associated with awareness. Current smoking status was strongly associated with quitline use (OR = 9.25, CI = 3.18-26.85). Respondents who looked for health or medical information from any source, had a personal or family history of cancer, and reported psychological distress were more likely to have called a quitline. While awareness of quitlines appears to be high, quitline utilization is low. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Kaufman
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Center for Cancer Training, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7361, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated smoking and cognitive decline (CD) among older Mexican Americans. In this study, the authors explore the relationship between smoking status and cognitive changes over time in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults of Mexican descent. DESIGN Latent growth curve analyses were used to examine the decreasing growth in the number of correct responses on a test of cognitive functioning with increasing age (7 years with four data collection points). SETTING In-home interviews were obtained from participants residing in the Southwest United States. PARTICIPANTS Participants were community-dwelling older Mexican Americans. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive functioning was assessed at each of the four data collection points with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Participants' self-reports of health functioning and smoking status were obtained at baseline. RESULTS With the inclusion of health variables and other control variables, the effect of smoking status on cognitive functioning was significant such that the decrease in the number of correct responses over time was greater for smokers than for nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking increases risk for CD among community-dwelling older Mexican Americans. There are numerous health benefits in quitting smoking, even for older adults who have been smoking for many years. Further efforts to ensure that smoking cessation and prevention programs are targeted toward Hispanics are necessary.
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Abstract
SummarySmoking remains prevalent in elderly people in the UK and similar countries. The adverse health effects of current smoking continue to accumulate in old age and stopping smoking in old age confers benefits on function, morbidity and mortality. Many elderly people wish to stop smoking and many are successful. Structured support from health and social care workers improves quit rates and nicotine replacement therapy can be an effective aid to smoking cessation in old age. Doctors and other healthcare staff should use the opportunities of patient contact to encourage older smokers to quit. Cognitive impairment is a barrier to successful smoking cessation.
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