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Mason TB, Tackett AP, Leventhal AM. Indirect Effects of Body Mass Index and Sweet Taste Responsiveness on E-Cigarette Dependence: The Role of E-Cigarette Motives. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:608-615. [PMID: 38149796 PMCID: PMC10922687 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2294962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent research has shown obesity to be associated with e-cigarette use and appeal, but models have yet to examine how weight status may be related to e-cigarette dependence among e-cigarette users. Objectives: To increase our understanding of pathways from body mass index (BMI) to e-cigarette dependence, the present cross-sectional observational study investigated a model in which BMI, sweet taste responsiveness, and the interaction of BMI and sweet taste responsiveness are associated with e-cigarette dependence indirectly via seven conceptually-distinct motives for e-cigarette use. Data from several e-cigarette clinical laboratory research studies were pooled and analyzed; only current e-cigarette users were included in the analyses (N=330). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the hypothesized model. Results: BMI was positively associated with lower social/environmental goad motives and higher weight control motives, and BMI x sweet taste interaction terms found that sweet taste responsiveness strengthened the association of BMI and weight control motives. BMI was not directly or indirectly associated with e-cigarette dependence nor was there a bivariate association between BMI and e-cigarette dependence. Sweet taste responsiveness was positively associated with greater affiliative attachment motives, cognitive enhancement motives, cue exposure-associative process motives, weight control motives, and affect enhancement motives. Sweet taste responsiveness was bivariately associated with e-cigarette dependence and mediation paths show indirect relations to e-cigarette dependence via three of the seven motives. Conclusions: The findings suggest that sweet taste responsiveness, opposed to BMI, is associated with a wider range of e-cigarette use motives and indirectly relates to e-cigarette dependence via several e-cigarette use motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alayna P. Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Kechter A, Ceasar RC, Simpson KA, Schiff SJ, Dunton GF, Bluthenthal RN, Barrington-Trimis JL. A chocolate cake or a chocolate vape? Young adults describe their relationship with food and weight in the context of nicotine vaping. Appetite 2022; 175:106075. [PMID: 35525332 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging research has found that some young adults report vaping nicotine to control appetite and lose weight. Yet, there is little research on how young adults use vaping to manage weight, where they learn about weight-motivated vaping, and the role that food and weight motivations play in decisions to vape. METHODS We conducted one-on-one qualitative interviews with young adults aged 18-25 years old in Los Angeles, California (N = 62) from June 2018 to June 2019, who self-reported using e-cigarettes on a weekly basis or more for at least 5 months prior to study enrollment. Interviews examined participants' thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to e-cigarette use, including their understanding of the relation of vaping with eating behaviors and weight management. We analyzed the interviews using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique. RESULTS Participants reported pairing nicotine vaping with caffeinated beverages like coffee, pop/soda, tea, and after every meal (like patterns of combustible cigarette use). Participants also reported vaping nicotine as a tool to avoid binge eating and increase concentration while studying. Reports of vaping effecting appetite and eating behaviors also emerged. Vaping nicotine to suppress appetite and/or achieve weight loss was often reported in conjunction with an eating disorder. Participants reported learning about weight-motivated vaping from peers or deducing from cigarette effects and their own experiences with nicotine. Others mentioned controlling food cravings by vaping a similar e-liquid flavor. CONCLUSION Nicotine vaping was used as a tool to control weight and suppress appetite, paralleling food- and weight-related behaviors associated with cigarette use. Findings suggest a need for targeted interventions that address the role of nicotine vaping in eating/weight-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afton Kechter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Carmen Ceasar
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey A Simpson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara J Schiff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ricky N Bluthenthal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Coniglio KA, Rosen R, Burr EK, Farris SG. Adherence to low-calorie and low-sugar diets is uniquely associated with distinct facets of appearance/weight-related smoking motivations. J Behav Med 2020; 43:487-492. [PMID: 32246293 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smokers report weight and appetite control as motivators to smoking continuance. These concerns are particularly salient for smokers who use cigarettes to suppress appetite and manage weight. Dieting may influence weight, shape, and appetite-related smoking motivation; however, this has not yet been examined. This study tested associations between five diet types and smoking motivation to control weight, shape, and appetite among adult daily cigarette smokers (N = 550). A multivariate analysis was used to test the incremental association between diet types and Smoking-Related Weight and Eating Episodes Test (SWEET) subscales, adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, and cigarette dependence. Smokers who diet (n = 83, 15.1%) reported higher scores on all SWEET subscales compared to smokers not on a diet. Low-calorie dieting was associated with greater smoking motivation to cope with body dissatisfaction, and low-sugar dieting was associated with greater motivation for smoking to prevent withdrawal-related appetite increases. Treatment implications for smoking cessation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Coniglio
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rachel Rosen
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Emily K Burr
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Burr EK, O'Keeffe B, Kibbey MM, Coniglio KA, Leyro TM, Farris SG. Distress Intolerance in Relation to Reliance on Cigarettes for Weight, Shape, and Appetite Control. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:247-254. [PMID: 32124245 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distress intolerance, one's inability to withstand distressing emotional or physical states, is a transdiagnostic vulnerability implicated in affect-based health behaviors, including cigarette smoking and poor weight control. The current study evaluated associations between distress intolerance and the reliance on cigarettes for management of weight, appetite, or body dissatisfaction, which may pose a burden for cessation and increase risk of weight-related health problems. METHOD Daily smokers (n = 577) completed an online survey assessing distress tolerance and reliance on cigarettes for weight and shape control with the four subscales of the Smoking and Weight Eating Episodes Test (SWEET). Four hierarchical regression models were constructed to test the association between distress intolerance and SWEET scores, accounting for the effect of relevant covarying factors. RESULTS After adjusting for model covariates, distress intolerance was significantly incrementally associated with greater tendency to rely on cigarettes to suppress appetite (adjR2 = .040), prevent overeating (adjR2 = .034), cope with body dissatisfaction (adjR2 = .046), and cope with nicotine withdrawal-related appetite increases (adjR2 = .030). CONCLUSION Distress intolerance may play an etiological role in maladaptive use of cigarettes to control appetite, weight, and body dissatisfaction among daily smokers, particularly those with weight- or shape-related concerns. Interventions aimed at increasing perceived ability to withstand distress could potentially reduce reliance on cigarettes for the aforementioned purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Burr
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Mindy M Kibbey
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn A Coniglio
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 53 Avenue East, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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5
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Farris SG, DiBello AM, Bloom EL, Abrantes AM. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Smoking and Weight Eating Episodes Test (SWEET). Int J Behav Med 2019; 25:465-472. [PMID: 29560578 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Smoking and Weight Eating Episodes Test (SWEET; Adams et al. 2011) is a self-report measure designed to assess multiple reasons why and when smokers use cigarettes for appetite, weight, and shape management, that was initially developed and validated in young female smokers. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SWEET measure among both male and female daily cigarette smokers. METHOD Participants (n = 577; Mage = 44.42; SD = 13.80; 52.7% female) were daily smokers recruited through Qualtrics Online Sample for an anonymous study on smoking and health. On average, participants reported smoking for 25.7 years (SD = 14.35), smoked 17.0 cigarettes per day (SD = 8.38), and had moderate levels of tobacco dependence. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses supported the initial factor structure found in the original SWEET measure suggesting a four-factor structure fit the data well, but not a one-factor structure. Factors included using cigarettes for appetite suppression, using cigarettes to prevent overeating, smoking to cope with body dissatisfaction, and using cigarettes to cope with appetite-related withdrawal symptoms. Tests of measurement invariance revealed no significant differences when evaluating SWEET scores by participant sex. The SWEET factor scores evidenced internal consistency, known groups validity, convergent validity with related constructs (compensatory eating behaviors, tobacco dependence) and cessation-relevant variables (smoking abstinence expectancies, prior withdrawal symptoms), and discriminant validity with physical activity and sedentary behavior. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence in support of the validity and reliability of scores on the SWEET as a multidimensional measure of smoking for appetite, weight, and body-related concerns in male and female daily cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Farris
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Erika Litvin Bloom
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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6
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Bloom EL, Farris SG, DiBello AM, Abrantes AM. Smoking-related weight and appetite concerns and use of electronic cigarettes among daily cigarette smokers. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 24:221-228. [PMID: 30346797 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1537495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Weight control is a common motive for cigarette smoking. Some individuals also report using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for weight control. This study tested the hypothesis that the tendency to use combustible cigarettes for weight/appetite control would be associated with higher odds of current e-cigarette use among adult daily combustible cigarette smokers. Participants (n = 577; Mage = 44.42; 52.7% female) were recruited to participate in an online survey. Smoking for weight/appetite control was assessed via the Smoking-Related Weight and Eating Episodes Test (SWEET). Results indicated that higher scores on two SWEET subscales were significantly associated with increased odds of current e-cigarette use: smoking to suppress appetite (OR = 1.356,CI95% = 1.116-1.646, p = .002) and smoking to prevent overeating (OR = 1.314, CI95% = 1.101-1.567, p = .002). Scores on the other SWEET subscales were not significantly associated with current e-cigarette use. These findings indicate that daily smokers who smoke to manage their appetite and eating may be more likely to use e-cigarettes, potentially because e-cigarettes will also serve this function. Future research should evaluate beliefs about e-cigarettes in management of appetite and eating behavior, and the acute effects of e-cigarettes on weight and eating behavior relative to combustible cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Litvin Bloom
- a Psychiatry & Human Behavior , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Division of General Internal Medicine , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Samantha G Farris
- a Psychiatry & Human Behavior , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,c Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Angelo M DiBello
- d Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- e Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research , Butler Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
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7
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Postcessation weight gain concern as a barrier to smoking cessation: Assessment considerations and future directions. Addict Behav 2018; 76:250-257. [PMID: 28865363 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concern about postcessation weight gain may be one potential barrier to quitting smoking. In this 'mini-review' of recent literature, we summarize findings on the relationship between postcessation weight gain concern and smoking cessation, and evaluate varied use of postcessation weight gain concern assessments and potential moderators of the postcessation weight gain concern-cessation association. METHODS We conducted a search using the terms "smoking" OR "smoking cessation" AND "weight concern" for articles published between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. We identified 17 studies assessing postcessation weight gain concern, seven of which evaluated the postcessation weight gain concern-cessation association. RESULTS The relationship between postcessation weight gain concern and smoking cessation was mixed. Recent studies varied in their assessments of postcessation weight gain concern, many of which were not validated and assessed correlates of this construct. Studies varied in their adjustment of demographic (e.g., sex), smoking-specific (e.g., smoking level), and weight-specific (e.g., body mass index) variables. CONCLUSIONS The use of non-validated assessments and variability in testing covariates/moderators may contribute to conflicting results regarding the postcessation weight gain concern-cessation relationship. We recommend validating an assessment of postcessation weight gain concern, maintaining vigilance in testing and reporting covariates/moderators, and investigating trajectories of this construct over time and by smoking status to inform future assessment and intervention efforts.
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8
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Bloom EL, Wing RR, Kahler CW, Thompson JK, Meltzer S, Hecht J, Minami H, Price LH, Brown RA. Distress Tolerance Treatment for Weight Concern in Smoking Cessation Among Women: The WE QUIT Pilot Study. Behav Modif 2017; 41:468-498. [PMID: 28027666 PMCID: PMC5453845 DOI: 10.1177/0145445516683500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fear of gaining weight after quitting cigarette smoking is a major barrier to smoking cessation among women. Distress tolerance, which refers to one's ability and willingness to tolerate physical and emotional discomfort, predicts successful behavior change. Novel interventions rooted in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) have emerged that aim to increase distress tolerance and engagement in values-oriented behavior. In this study, we developed a 9-week, group-based distress tolerance intervention for weight concern in smoking cessation among women (DT-W). Using an iterative process, we piloted DT-W with two small groups ( n = 4 and n = 7) of female weight-concerned smokers. Results indicated that we successfully established the feasibility and acceptability of DT-W, which was well-attended and well-received. Biochemically verified 7-day point-prevalence abstinence rates at post-intervention, 1, 3, and 6 months were 64%, 36%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. We are now evaluating DT-W in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Litvin Bloom
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Sari Meltzer
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jacki Hecht
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Haruka Minami
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard A. Brown
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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9
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Chao A, White MA, Grilo CM. Smoking status and psychosocial factors in binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Eat Behav 2016; 21:54-8. [PMID: 26741260 PMCID: PMC4851572 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine eating-disorder psychopathology and depressive symptoms by smoking status (never, former, or current smoker) in persons with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). METHODS Participants were 575 adult volunteers from the community (mean age=36.0±12years and BMI=32.9±9.5kg/m(2); 80% white; 88% female) who were classified with BED (n=410) or BN (n=165). Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including items about current and historical cigarette smoking, the Eating Disorder Examination -Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Among those with BED, depressive symptoms were significantly higher in current smokers than former or never smokers (p=.001). There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms by smoking status in participants with BN and no differences in eating-disorder psychopathology by smoking status in either the BED or BN groups. DISCUSSION In this non-clinical group of community volunteers, we found that smoking history or status was not associated with eating disorder psychopathology in participants classified with BED and BN but was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in participants with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Chao
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT,University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marney A. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,CASAColumbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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10
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Copeland AL, Spears CA, Baillie LE, McVay MA. Fear of fatness and drive for thinness in predicting smoking status in college women. Addict Behav 2016; 54:1-6. [PMID: 26656671 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has identified fear of fatness (FF) as a related yet distinct construct from drive for thinness (DT). Whereas DT may be associated with need for approval and an "approach" tendency, FF may be more strongly related to avoidance of disapproval and an avoidant problem-solving style. Although no research has directly compared the influence of FF vs. DT with regard to smoking behavior, FF and DT might represent distinct motivations for smoking. We predicted that both FF and DT would be significantly associated with cigarette smoking, but that FF would be a stronger predictor of smoking behavior, even after controlling for variables such as body mass index (BMI) and nicotine dependence. Participants (N=289) were female college undergraduate students. Daily smokers had the highest scores on measures of DT and FF, followed sequentially by infrequent smokers, "triers," and never smokers. More frequent smokers also reported greater levels of body dissatisfaction and eating pathology than less frequent and never-smokers. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that greater DT predicted higher likelihood of smoking on a daily basis; however, higher FF predicted fewer cigarettes smoked per day. FF and DT may each play a role in the relationship between eating pathology and smoking, but they might be differentially related to specific smoking patterns. Both FF and DT and their coinciding coping styles should be further researched in the role of smoking initiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren E Baillie
- Jackson Montgomery Veterans Administration Medical Center, United States
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11
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Gottlieb JC, Cohen LM, Haslam AK. Comparing college smokers' and dual users' expectancies towards cigarette smoking. Addict Behav 2014; 39:1784-8. [PMID: 25123347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As no agreed upon definition exists for dual use (i.e., individuals who concurrently use more than one form of tobacco), this population remains largely unstudied in the substance use literature, despite increases in smokeless tobacco use among young adults. Individuals 18-25years of age report the highest rates of smokeless tobacco use, dual use, and cigarette use. The current study compared the smoking outcome expectancies of college student dual users to those who reported only smoking cigarettes. METHODS The Short Form of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire was used to examine potential differences in positive or negative expectations regarding cigarette use. RESULTS Data from this study suggest that smokers believe that smoking will lead to greater positive consequences ("cigarettes taste good"), negative reinforcement ("cigarettes help me deal with anger"), and weight/appetite reduction ("smoking controls my appetite") when compared to dual users. Conversely, dual users believed that smoking would lead to greater negative consequences (e.g., "smoking is taking years off of my life"). DISCUSSION These results may help to explain why some smokers choose not to use smokeless tobacco products for harm reduction or smoking cessation purposes, as well as why increases are being observed in smokeless tobacco rates among young adults.
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12
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Adams CE, McVay MA, Stewart DW, Vinci C, Kinsaul J, Benitez L, Copeland AL. Mindfulness Ameliorates the Relationship between Weight Concerns and Smoking Behavior in Female Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Investigation. Mindfulness (N Y) 2012; 5:179-185. [PMID: 24778746 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-012-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Weight concerns are common among female smokers and may interfere with smoking cessation. It is imperative to identify protective factors to lessen the likelihood that smoking-related weight concerns prompt smoking and hinder cessation efforts. Mindfulness is one potential protective factor that might prevent weight concerns from triggering smoking. In the current study, relationships among facets of trait mindfulness, smoking-related weight concerns, and smoking behavior were examined among 112 young adult female smokers (70.5% daily smokers; 83% Caucasian; mean age 20 [SD = 1.69]). After controlling for demographic variables, the Describing facet of trait mindfulness predicted lower smoking-related weight concerns. The mindfulness characteristics of Acting with Awareness, Nonreactivity, and Describing moderated the relationship between smoking-related weight concerns and smoking frequency, such that smoking-related weight concerns predicted greater smoking frequency in female smokers with low and medium levels of these mindfulness characteristics but did not in those with higher levels of mindfulness. These results suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may be effective for weight-concerned smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Adams
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center - Unit 1440, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402
| | - Megan Apperson McVay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Diana W Stewart
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center - Unit 1440, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402
| | - Christine Vinci
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Jessica Kinsaul
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Lindsay Benitez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN
| | - Amy L Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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