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Ünver Ş, Tekmanli HH, Alkan Ö. Passive smoking as a risk factor among older adults: an ordered probability approach for Türkiye. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1142635. [PMID: 37397727 PMCID: PMC10310956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Older adults represent a significant proportion of the population of many societies, and being one of the disadvantaged groups, they struggle with various difficulties in their social lives. Undoubtedly, passive smoking is one of these difficulties. Passive smoking among older adults, which is an important public health problem, is an issue that needs to be investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of adults aged 60 and older in Türkiye and their exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Methods In this study, a microdata set of the 2016 and 2019 Turkey Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) was used. This survey was conducted by TUIK in the relevant years using a stratified sampling method to best represent the whole of Turkey. The study considered only demographic and socio-economic characteristics to investigate passive smoking. Since all the variables used in the study were categorical, the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables was first investigated using chi-square tests. In addition, since the dependent variable has an ordered-categorical probability form, the generalized ordinal logit model was used for the analysis of passive smoking and related factors. Results The rate of exposure to tobacco smoke of older adults who participated in the study in 2016 was 16%, while the rate of those who participated in the study in 2019 was 21%. Conclusion According to the findings of the study, older, uneducated, and uninsured smokers carry a more serious SHS risk. It may be beneficial for society for policy makers to carry out studies by considering these features a priority and focusing on policies in this context. Expanding smoke-free areas to cover older adult, increasing penalties as a deterrent, facilitating education, increasing state support for education, increasing education and public service announcements about tobacco harms, and facilitating social security are the main examples. This study's findings are crucial as a source of information for the development of policies and programs aimed at preventing the exposure of older adults to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyda Ünver
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Tekmanli
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd. Şti., Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, Türkiye
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The effect of health education on second-hand smoke knowledge and exposure among pregnant women in Jordan: A quasi-experimental study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10647. [PMID: 36158082 PMCID: PMC9489734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) is a significant health issue. For non-smoker pregnant women, SHS exposure can lead to harmful consequences on the fetus. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a health education program in decreasing SHS exposure and increasing pregnant women's knowledge of its harmful effects. A quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group) design and the second-hand exposure questionnaire (SS-A) were used. A convenience sample of 136 pregnant Jordanian women from the antenatal clinic was recruited and assigned to an intervention group (n = 70) and a control group (n = 66). The intervention group received a health education program, while the control group received the usual antenatal care. The data were collected from October to December 2018. The results revealed that the highest exposure to SHS was in the home setting, with an average of 8.7 ± 2.21 hours daily for both groups. After the educational program, there were significantly lower scores of exposure and a higher score of knowledge in the intervention group, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the scores of exposure and a significant increase in the score of knowledge of the intervention group from pretest to posttest (p < 0.001). The study provides evidence about the importance of a program to educate pregnant women about the negative impact of SHS. Nurses need to assess SHS exposure and provide health education for pregnant women.
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Alkan Ö, Ünver Ş. Secondhand smoke exposure for different education levels: findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057360. [PMID: 35177464 PMCID: PMC8860053 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence individuals' exposure to tobacco smoke in Turkey according to their education level. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. PARTICIPANTS Altogether, 17 084 individuals aged 15 and over were included in this study. SETTINGS Data set of the Turkey Health Survey in 2019. METHODS Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with individuals' exposure to tobacco smoke. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The variables age, gender, marital status, general health status, employment status, receipt of psychosocial support and tobacco use were found to be correlated with exposure to tobacco smoke. RESULTS The study determined that individuals who are illiterate/unschooled were exposed to tobacco smoke at a rate of 32.61%, primary school graduates at a rate of 34.32%, primary education graduates at a rate of 41.75%, high school graduates at a rate of 41.04% and university graduates at a rate of 40.34%. CONCLUSION As a result of the study, it is emphasised that men, young individuals, individuals with moderate and very good general health status, those who use tobacco, those who are unemployed and those who receive psychosocial support should be targeted. In addition, appropriate strategies for reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure should be developed, taking into account public health strategies for increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of SHS exposure and the determinants of tobacco exposure according to the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Ünver
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Chan Sun M, Beeharry Panray UD, Cheeneebash J, Gunesh R. Need for sensitization on serious threats of second-hand smoke: Findings from a national study in Mauritius, a small island developing state in the Indian Ocean. Prev Med Rep 2022; 25:101667. [PMID: 35127351 PMCID: PMC8800046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study had the following objectives: To assess the level of knowledge of Mauritians aged ≥ 20 years on the health effects of Second Hand Smoke (SHS), to investigate their behaviour when exposed to SHS and to look for any association between SHS-related knowledge and behaviour towards exposure. A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted. With the total population of Mauritians above the age of 20 years being 941,719, the calculated sample size was 400. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data among respondents from all 9 districts of the island of Mauritius, with representative district-wise samples. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 19.0. Considering the findings of the study, there were 408 respondents: Two-thirds of participants showed good knowledge of the harmful effects of SHS. Participants were aware of the link of SHS to respiratory diseases, nonetheless, they were not aware of its causes for non-respiratory diseases. One out of four participants (25.5%) were not aware that maternal passive smoking causes preterm delivery. More than one-third of the participants (37.3%) did not know that passive smoking causes sudden infant death syndrome. Inadequate levels of knowledge were also revealed by authors in other developing countries. We thus recommend bold sensitization campaigns about the serious threats of SHS. We highlight the pertinence of longitudinal cohort studies with assessment of SHS-related knowledge/behaviour before and after health education campaigns, in Mauritius and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chan Sun
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
- Corresponding author.
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Aggarwal P, Sharma T, Singh M. Second hand smoke exposure in pregnant women in Dehradun, Uttarakhand: A cross sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:667-671. [PMID: 35360800 PMCID: PMC8963620 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1607_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage and sources of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking pregnant women. It was a cross-sectional study conducted among the non-smoking pregnant women registered at the primary health center (PHC) under the All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Rishikesh. Materials and Methods: All registered pregnant women at sub-center in the field practice area (Raiwala) of the Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh were recruited in the study. In this study, a questionnaire was used for measuring the exposure of SHS. Mean and standard deviation (SD), median, minimum, and maximum were used for continuous variables. A Chi-square test was used to compare the association of categorical variables. Results: Out of the total participants, 62% were exposed to SHS. 33% of participants were exposed to SHS at home only, 24% at public places only, and 5% were the ones exposed both at home and public places. More than half (69%) of the participants were having inadequate knowledge about the harms caused by SHS. Conclusions: More than half of the participants were exposed to SHS. Inadequate knowledge among the participants about adverse effects of SHS exposure and insufficient practices and action were observed.
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Datta BK, Tiwari A, Garner J. Child marriage and exposure to secondhand smoke among women of childbearing age: evidence from a nationally representative study in India. Women Health 2021; 61:1016-1026. [PMID: 34839806 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2021.2007198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Women in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS), particularly in the home environment. Girls married before the age of 18 are more likely to remain at home and may be at higher risk of SHS exposure. This paper investigates whether women who were married as child brides had a higher risk of SHS exposure than their peers who were married as adults in India, where both burden of smoking and child marriage are critical public health concerns. Data were obtained from the 2015-2016 wave of the nationally representative India National Family Health Survey and included 306,788 married women ages 18 to 35 years. We estimated bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to obtain odds ratios in favor of SHS exposure. The prevalence of SHS exposure for those who were married as adults was 50.3% while that was 55.2% for those who were married before age 18. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, the adjusted odds of SHS exposure for those who were married as child were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.09) times that of those who were married as adults. Findings of this study inform policies for coordinated efforts to eliminate child marriage and strengthen tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Kumar Datta
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashwini Tiwari
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jamani Garner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Mohsin FM, Nahrin R, Tonmon TT, Nesa M, Tithy SA, Saha S, Mannan M, Shahjalal M, Faruque MO, Hawlader MDH. Lifestyle and Comorbidity-Related Risk Factors of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Infection: A Comparative Study Among Survived COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4057-4066. [PMID: 34616163 PMCID: PMC8489920 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s331470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe COVID-19 infections have already taken more than 4 million lives worldwide. Factors, such as socio-demographics, comorbidities, lifestyles, environment, and so on, have been widely discussed to be associated with increased severity in many countries. The study aimed to determine the risk factors of severe-critical COVID-19 in Bangladesh. METHODS This was a comparative cross-sectional study among various types of COVID-19 patients (both hospitalized and non-hospitalized) confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We have selected 1500 COVID-19 positive patients using a convenient sampling technique and analyzed lifestyle and comorbidity-related data using IBM SPSS-23 statistical package software. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine risk factors of life-threatening COVID-19 infection. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 43.23 (±15.48) years. The study identified several lifestyle-related factors and common commodities as risk factors for severe-critical COVID-19. The patient's age was one of the most important predictors, as people >59 years were at higher risk (AOR=18.223). Among other lifestyle factors, active smoking (AOR=1.482), exposure to secondary smoking (AOR=1.728), sleep disturbance (AOR=2.208) and attachment with SLT/alcohol/substance abuse (AOR=1.804) were identified as significant predictors for severe-critical COVID-19. Patients those were overweight/obese (AOR=2.105), diabetic (AOR=4.286), hypertensive (AOR=3.363), CKD patients (AOR=8.317), asthma patients (AOR=2.152), CVD patients (AOR=7.747) were also at higher risk of severe-critical COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION This study has identified several vital lifestyles and comorbidity-related risk factors of severe-critical COVID-19. People who have these comorbidities should be under high protection, and risky lifestyles of the general population should modify through the proper educational campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroque Md Mohsin
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwana Nahrin
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Maherun Nesa
- Department of Surgery, Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Ahmed Tithy
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvajit Saha
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Mannan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Md Shahjalal
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mohsin FM, Tonmon TT, Nahrin R, Tithy SA, Ame FA, Ara I, Alam SKT, Pervej AMA, Shahjalal M, Hawlader MDH. Association Between Smoking and COVID-19 Severity: Evidence from Bangladesh. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1923-1933. [PMID: 34326643 PMCID: PMC8315768 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s317603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have explored several risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, but there is still a lack of association with smoking. Our study aims to find out the association between smoking and COVID-19 severity. Subjects and Methods This comparative study was conducted among hospitalized severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients, as well as asymptomatic, mild, and moderate patients from the list of the city corporation (Dhaka, Bangladesh), as confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 2022 adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this study. Results The mean age of the patients was 41.17 years; 66.96% of the patients were male, 57.02% were aged above 35 years, and 81.50% of the patients had ever been married; and 33.09% cases were mild and 14.99% were severe. Among the patients, 29.4% were ever-smokers. Smoking status, duration, and frequency, and the presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (p<0.001). Ever-smokers were 1.35 times (95% CI: 0.74–2.45), 1.30 times (95% CI: 0.58–2.87), and 2.45 times (95% CI: 1.07–5.61) more likely to be mild, severe, and critical cases in comparison to non-smokers. Conclusion This study revealed a strong association between smoking and COVID-19 severity that calls for mass awareness and cessation campaigns from governments and voluntary organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tajrin Tahrin Tonmon
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sharmin Ahmed Tithy
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ismot Ara
- Community Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abu Muhammad Abdullah Pervej
- Anaesthesiology, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjalal
- Civil Surgeon Office, Azimpur, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Ünver
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ferdous T, Siddiqi K, Semple S, Fairhurst C, Dobson R, Mdege N, Marshall AM, Abdullah SM, Huque R. Smoking behaviours and indoor air quality: a comparative analysis of smoking-permitted versus smoke-free homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Tob Control 2020; 31:444-451. [PMID: 33328266 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a health risk to non-smokers. Indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with SHS exposure and is used as a proxy measure. However, PM2.5 is non-specific and influenced by a number of environmental factors, which are subject to geographical variation. The nature of association between SHS exposure and indoor PM2.5-studied primarily in high-income countries (HICs) context-may not be globally applicable. We set out to explore this association in a low/middle-income country setting, Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among households with at least one resident smoker. We inquired whether smoking was permitted inside the home (smoking-permitted homes, SPH) or not (smoke-free homes, SFH), and measured indoor PM2.5 concentrations using a low-cost instrument (Dylos DC1700) for at least 22 hours. We describe and compare SPH and SFH and use multiple linear regression to evaluate which variables are associated with PM2.5 level among all households. RESULTS We surveyed 1746 households between April and August 2018; 967 (55%) were SPH and 779 (45%) were SFH. The difference between PM2.5 values for SFH (median 27 µg/m3, IQR 25) and SPH (median 32 µg/m3, IQR 31) was 5 µg/m3 (p<0.001). Lead participant's education level, being a non-smoker, having outdoor space and smoke-free rule at home and not using kerosene oil for cooking were significantly associated with lower PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS We found a small but significant difference between PM2.5 concentrations in SPH compared with SFH in Dhaka, Bangladesh-a value much lower than observed in HICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Ferdous
- Epidemiology research, ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling Institute for Social Marketing, Stirling, UK
| | - Caroline Fairhurst
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ruaraidh Dobson
- G10 Pathfoot Building Stirling Campus, University of Stirling Institute for Social Marketing, Stirling, UK
| | - Noreen Mdege
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - S M Abdullah
- Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh.,Health Economics research, ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rumana Huque
- Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh.,Health Economics research, ARK Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Robin RC, Noosorn N, Alif SM. Secondhand Smoking Among Children in Rural Households: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:201-208. [PMID: 32864311 PMCID: PMC7442452 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the factors associated with reducing exposure to secondhand smoke among children in households of rural Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study of 410 smokers and non-smokers, in 6 villages of Munshigonj district was conducted. Data were collected randomly using a self-administrative questionnaire. Differences between variables were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test (as appropriate). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. The level of statistical significance was reached when p < 0.05. Results A smoker in the household was determined to be a risk factor associated with exposure of other household members to secondhand smoke (p < 0.001). Higher education, strict implementation of household smoke-free rules, a higher influence of social norms and culture, as well as moderate knowledge on exposure to secondhand smoke were considered as preventive factors associated with exposure of others in the home to secondhand smoke. Conclusion Exposure to secondhand smoke is an extensive and preventable risk factor for children, and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke will have a largely positive effect in the community. An effective public health intervention model may reduce secondhand smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishad Choudhury Robin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Narongsak Noosorn
- Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Alif
- epartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Toyama N, Ekuni D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Yoneda T, Kataoka K, Yokoi A, Uchida Y, Fukuhara D, Saho H, Monirul IM, Sawada N, Nakashima Y, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Associations between sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and exposure to secondhand smoke in Japanese young adults: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Med 2020; 68:57-62. [PMID: 32028227 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep bruxism, a major sleep disorder that causes serious harm to oral health, is considered a multifactorial disease. Sleep bruxism can be induced by smoking, which also adversely affects sleep quality. The objective of present study was to clarify the associations between sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). METHODS To assess the prevalence of sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and SHS exposure, we conducted oral examinations and self-report questionnaires on university students in Japan. Sleep bruxism and quality were screened using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3). The inclusion criteria were adults aged between 18 and 19 years, non-smokers and non-alcohol drinkers. The exclusion criteria was failing to complete the questionnaire in full. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 1781 Japanese young adults. Young adult females who had been exposed to SHS had worse sleep quality (p = 0.019) than those who had not. Young adult female with worse sleep quality showed a higher prevalence of sleep bruxism (p = 0.034) than those with better sleep quality. Using structural equation modeling, direct associations were identified between SHS exposure and poor sleep quality (standardized coefficients, 0.153; p = 0.008) and between sleep bruxism and poor sleep quality (standardized coefficients, 0.187; p = 0.022) in young adult females. However, no association was found among young adult males. CONCLUSION SHS exposure is indirectly associated with sleep bruxism through poor sleep quality in Japanese young adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Aya Yokoi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hikari Saho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Islam Md Monirul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nanami Sawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yukiho Nakashima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, 2-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Robin RC, Noosorn N. Reducing Children's Exposure to Passive Smoking in Rural Communities of Bangladesh: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. J Res Health Sci 2019; 19:e00463. [PMID: 32291362 PMCID: PMC7183560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive smoking prevalence is high in Bangladesh. We aimed to explore the association of the theory of planned behavior constructs to reduce the exposure of passive smoking among children in the rural area of Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Overall, 410 adults had been taken at random following a self-administrative questionnaire. Data had been collected from six villages of Munshiganj district of Bangladesh from Jul to Oct 2018. Descriptive statistics were applied to describe socio-demographic characteristics. Inter correlations coefficient was done to observe the correlation, differences between demographic and dependent variables were assessed for significance using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the theory of planned behavior constructs and exposure of passive smoking among both smoker and nonsmoker groups. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A P-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Attitude (OR 0.681, 95% CI: 0.498, 0.931) among smoker and intention (OR 0.226, 95% CI: 0.081, 0.633) was found statistically significant constructs (P<0.001) among non-smoker to reduce the exposure. Additionally, the prevalence of passive smoking exposure was found 36.6% (95% CI: 0.32%, 0.41%) on average 40% among males and 28.33% among females. CONCLUSION The theory of planned behavior constructs is useful to reduce the exposure of passive smoking among children, which may be useful in the future to design interventions of controlling passives smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishad Choudhury Robin
- 1Doctoral Candidate, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok-65000, Thailand,Correspondence : Rishad Choudhury Robin (MPH) Tel: +8801843333000 E-mail:
| | - Narongsak Noosorn
- 2Dean and Associate Professor, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok-65000, Thailand
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Reece S, Morgan C, Parascandola M, Siddiqi K. Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Demographic and Health Survey from 30 low-income and middle-income countries. Tob Control 2019; 28:420-426. [PMID: 30026189 PMCID: PMC10442074 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of infant stillbirth, congenital malformations, low birth weight and respiratory illnesses. However, little is known about the extent of SHS exposure during pregnancy. We assessed the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We used Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2008 and 2013 from 30 LMICs. We estimated weighted country-specific prevalence of SHS exposure among 37 427 pregnant women. We accounted for sampling weights, clustering and stratification in the sampling methods. We also explored associations between sociodemographic variables and SHS exposure in pregnant women using pairwise multinomial regression model. FINDINGS The prevalence of daily SHS exposure during pregnancy ranged from 6% (95% CI 5% to 7%) (Nigeria) to 73% (95% CI 62% to 81%) (Armenia) and was greater than active tobacco use in pregnancy across all countries studied. Being wealthier, maternal employment, higher education and urban households were associated with lower SHS exposure in full regression models. SHS exposure in pregnant women closely mirrors WHO Global Adult Tobacco Survey male active smoking patterns. Daily SHS exposure accounted for a greater population attributable fraction of stillbirths than active smoking, ranging from 1% of stillbirths (Nigeria) to 14% (Indonesia). INTERPRETATION We have demonstrated that SHS exposure during pregnancy is far more common than active smoking in LMICs, accounting for more stillbirths than active smoking. Protecting pregnant women from SHS exposure should be a key strategy to improve maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Reece
- Department of Health Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Camille Morgan
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Parascandola
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Science, University of York, York, UK
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Rahman M, Hasan SMM, Haque SE, Haque N, Rahman M, Mostofa G, Zahan S, Huda D, Sobaihi SA, Ahmed K, Mahmud HMM. Secondhand smoking, knowledge/attitudes and socioeconomic status among married Bangladeshi women: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2019; 137:13-24. [PMID: 31116265 PMCID: PMC9721222 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0292071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research on knowledge/attitudes regarding the dangers of exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) among women. The relationship between exposure to SHS, socioeconomic status (SES) and knowledge/attitudes regarding the risks of SHS has often been ignored. We therefore aimed to examine (1) whether SES and exposure to SHS were independently associated with knowledge/attitudes regarding the risks of SHS; and (2) whether women with low SES and exposure to SHS were uniquely disadvantaged in terms of deficient knowledge and more dismissive attitudes towards the risks of SHS. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study in the Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. METHODS A total of 541 women were interviewed. Knowledge of and attitudes towards the risks of SHS were the outcomes of interest. RESULTS A majority of the respondents were exposed to SHS at home (49.0%). Only 20.1% had higher levels of knowledge, and only 37.3% had non-dismissive attitudes towards the risks of SHS. Participants in the low SES group and those exposed to SHS had lower odds of higher knowledge and their attitudes towards the risks of SHS were more dismissive. Regarding deficient levels of knowledge and scores indicating more dismissive attitudes, women in the low SES group and who were exposed to SHS were not uniquely disadvantaged. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to SHS and low SES were independently associated with deficient knowledge and scores indicating more dismissive attitudes. Regarding knowledge/attitudes, the negative effect of exposure to SHS extended across all socioeconomic backgrounds and was not limited to women in either the low or the high SES group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosiur Rahman
- MSc, MHSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and JSPS Postdoc Fellow, Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Nuruzzaman Haque
- PhD. Professor, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
| | - Mosfequr Rahman
- PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
| | - Golam Mostofa
- PhD. Professor, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
| | - Sarwar Zahan
- PhD. Senior Educational Professional, Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Durrul Huda
- MBBS. Director, Diabetic Association, Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh.
| | - Saber Al- Sobaihi
- PhD. Postdoc fellow, Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kapil Ahmed
- MPH, PhD. Deputy Director (Research and Evaluation), Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Howlader Mohammad Miraz Mahmud
- MSc. Research Coordinator (Research and Evaluation), Bangladesh Center for Communication Programs (BCCP), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Alkan Ö, Abar H. Determination of factors influencing tobacco consumption in Turkey using categorical data analyses 1. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2019; 75:27-35. [PMID: 30652517 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1556200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to specify factors influencing tobacco consumption in Turkey, which belongs to developing countries group, and to determine the extent of their influence. Factors related to the sociodemographic, economic, personal, environmental, and healthy life indicators influencing tobacco consumption in Turkey were determined using logistic and probit regression analyses. According to the results of the study, age, gender, education, marital status, fruit consumption, exposure to tobacco smoke at home, and frequent of alcohol consumption are the most influential variables effecting tobacco consumption. More effective results in policies aimed at preventing tobacco consumption can be accomplished by giving priority to individuals more inclined to tobacco consumption. People in 25-44 age group, men, graduates of high school and its equivalents, divorced/widowed individuals, individuals exposed to tobacco smoke, and alcohol users are individuals who tend to use tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayri Abar
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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La Torre G, Sestili C, Cocchiara RA, Cianfanelli S, Lia L, Mannocci A. Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092045. [PMID: 30231580 PMCID: PMC6165307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. Methods: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 2011–2017. The explanatory variable was GDP per capita. The statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate and linear regression analyses, taking into consideration two different periods, Years 2011–2014 and 2014–2017. Results: GDP is showed to be positively correlated with smoking ban respect in public places (r = 0.779 p < 0.001; r = 0.723 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), as well as smoking ban respect in the workplace (r = 0.662 p = 0.001; r = 0.603 p = 0.004) and no smoking at home adherence (r = 0.424 p = 0.056; r = 0.362 p = 0.107). In multiple linear regression GDP is significantly associated to smoking ban respect in public places (adjusted β = 0.730 p < 0.001; β = 0.698 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), smoking ban in workplaces (adjusted β = 0.525 p = 0.020; β = 0.570 p = 0.009) and no smoking at home (adjusted β = 0.332 p = 0.070; β = 0.362 p = 0.052). Conclusions: Smoking ban is more respected in Regions with higher GDP. For a better health promotion, systematic vigilance and sanctions should be maintained and strengthened, particularly in regions with low compliance with smoking bans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Sestili
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosario Andrea Cocchiara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Cianfanelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Socio-economic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure at home in the context of mother-child pairs in Bangladesh. Public Health 2018; 161:106-116. [PMID: 30015081 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine socio-economic disparities in mother-child pairs' self-reported and cotinine-measured secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS This study was conducted in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh from May to July 2017. A total of 541 mother-child pairs were interviewed for self-reported measured SHS; cotinine-measured saliva test was performed on 263 mothers and 236 children. Mother-child pairs' SHS exposure at home was the outcome of interest. RESULTS Overall self-reported prevalence of SHS exposure at home was 49.0%. Self-reported SHS exposure among mothers (50.2%) and children (51.3%) were lower than the prevalence rate of cotinine-measured exposure for mothers (60.5%) and their children (58.9%). Maternal rich bands of wealth were found to be associated with lower likelihood of self-reported (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-0.99) and cotinine-measured SHS exposure among mothers (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.08-0.37). Maternal rich bands of wealth were also found to be associated with lower likelihood of cotinine-measured SHS exposure among children (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.07-0.26). CONCLUSIONS Socio-economic inequalities exist in exposure to SHS at home. Interventional approaches aimed at reducing SHS at home are urgently needed at public health and healthcare service level, with special focus given to the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
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Matsuyama Y, Aida J, Tsuboya T, Koyama S, Sato Y, Hozawa A, Osaka K. Social Inequalities in Secondhand Smoke Among Japanese Non-smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2017; 28:133-139. [PMID: 29093356 PMCID: PMC5821690 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20160184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) causes many deaths. Inequalities in SHS have been reported in several countries; however, the evidence in Asian countries is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and SHS at home and the workplace/school among non-smoking Japanese adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Miyagi Prefectural Health Survey 2014 were analyzed. Self-reported questionnaires were randomly distributed to residents ≥20 years of age and 2,443 (92.8%) responded. The data of the 1,738 and 1,003 respondents were included to the analyses for SHS in the past month at home and at the workplace/school, respectively. Ordered logistic regression models considering possible confounders, including knowledge of the adverse health effects of tobacco, were applied. RESULTS The prevalence of SHS at home and the workplace/school was 19.0% and 39.0%, respectively. Compared with ≥13 years of education, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SHS at home were 1.94 (95% CI, 1.42-2.64) for 10-12 years and 3.00 (95% CI, 1.95-4.60) for ≤9 years; those for SHS at the workplace/school were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.36-2.39) and 3.82 (95% CI, 2.29-6.36), respectively. Knowledge of the adverse health effects of tobacco was significantly associated with lower SHS at home (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98) but it was not associated with SHS at the workplace/school (OR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.06). CONCLUSIONS Social inequalities in SHS existed among Japanese non-smoking adults. Knowledge about tobacco was negatively associated with SHS at home but not at workplace/school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Toru Tsuboya
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Jackson C, Huque R, Satyanarayana V, Nasreen S, Kaur M, Barua D, Bhowmik PN, Guha M, Dherani M, Rahman A, Siddiqi K, Chandra PS. "He Doesn't Listen to My Words at All, So I Don't Tell Him Anything"-A Qualitative Investigation on Exposure to Second Hand Smoke among Pregnant Women, Their Husbands and Family Members from Rural Bangladesh and Urban India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111098. [PMID: 27834841 PMCID: PMC5129308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Second hand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is associated with poor pregnancy and fetal outcomes. To design interventions to reduce exposure, an in depth understanding of social and cultural factors of smoking behavior at home is important, especially in South Asia where SHS exposure is high. This study aimed to explore pregnant women's, their husbands' and other family members' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding home SHS exposure. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 participants in Comilla, Bangladesh and 31 in Bangalore, India (36 pregnant women, 18 husbands, and 10 family members). Data were analyzed using the Framework approach. Husbands smoked in various living areas inside the home, often in the presence of their pregnant wives. Most had never tried to stop smoking at home. Knowledge of the risks was generally poor. Most women had repeatedly asked their husband to smoke outside with little success and only few family members had reprimanded the husbands. Husbands who had stopped did so because of requests from children and their mother. Potential strategies to decrease SHS exposure at home were educating the husband about risks and supporting the pregnant women in negotiation. Interventions must also enlist family support to enhance the woman's self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cath Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Rumana Huque
- ARK Foundation, House 130, Road 21, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh.
| | - Veena Satyanarayana
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
| | - Shammi Nasreen
- ARK Foundation, House 130, Road 21, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh.
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
| | - Deepa Barua
- ARK Foundation, House 130, Road 21, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Mithila Guha
- ARK Foundation, House 130, Road 21, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh.
| | - Mukesh Dherani
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
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Chi YC, Sha F, Yip PSF, Chen JL, Chen YY. Randomized comparison of group versus individual educational interventions for pregnant women to reduce their secondhand smoke exposure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5072. [PMID: 27749578 PMCID: PMC5059081 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is deleterious to pregnant women and their unborn children. The prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant women is particularly high in many Asian countries where approximately half of the male population smokes. We aim to investigate the efficacy of an intervention based on an expanded Health Belief Model (HBM) incorporating self-efficacy to educate and empower pregnant women to reduce their SHS exposure. METHODS We conducted a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (N = 50 in each arm) comparing the effectiveness of group-based and individual-based interventions with a treatment-as-usual group. A questionnaire tapping into constructs of the expanded HBM was administered at baseline and 1- and 2-month follow-ups. Exhaled carbon monoxide was used to determine SHS exposure (>=6 ppm). ANOVA was used to compare HBM construct scores, self-efficacy for rejecting SHS exposure, and SHS rejection behavior among the 3 groups at baseline and the 1- and 2-month follow-ups, while logistic regression analysis was used to compare the risk of exposure to SHS at each follow-up. RESULTS The group-based intervention significantly improved health beliefs, self-efficacy, and self-reported rejection behaviors. The individual-based intervention effect was limited to some health belief constructs and SHS rejection behaviors. Both group- and individual-based interventions showed significant reductions in SHS exposure 2 months after the intervention (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Group-based educational interventions based on the HBM are particularly effective in training pregnant women to avoid and refuse exposure to SHS. Policy makers should consider offering group-delivered programs to educate and empower pregnant women to reduce their SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Chi
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital
- Department of Information Management, University of Kang Ning, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng Sha
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Center for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Paul S. F. Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Center for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Jiunn-Liang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Ying-Yeh Chen
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University
- Department of General Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ying-Yeh Chen, Department of General Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, 309 Songde Road, Taipei City 110, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Fischer F, Kraemer A. Factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure in different settings: Results from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2012. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:327. [PMID: 27080515 PMCID: PMC4832471 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquity of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home or in private establishments, workplaces and public areas poses several challenges for the reduction of SHS exposure. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of SHS exposure in Germany and key factors associated with exposure. Results were also differentiated by place of exposure. METHODS A secondary data analysis based on the public use file of the German Health Update 2012 was conducted (n = 13,933). Only non-smokers were included in the analysis. In a multivariable logistic regression model the factors associated with SHS exposure were calculated. In addition, a further set of multivariable logistic regressions were calculated for factors associated with the place of SHS exposure (workplace, at home, bars/discotheques, restaurants, at the house of a friend). RESULTS More than a quarter of non-smoking study participants were exposed to SHS. The main area of exposure was the workplace (40.9 %). The multivariable logistic regression indicated young age as the most important factor associated with SHS exposure. The odds for SHS exposure was higher in men than in women. The likelihood of SHS exposure decreased with higher education. SHS exposure and the associated factors varied between different places of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Despite several actions to protect non-smokers which were implemented in Germany during the past years, SHS exposure still remains a relevant risk factor at a population level. According to the results of this study, particularly the workplace and other public places such as bars and discotheques have to be taken into account for the development of strategies to reduce SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fischer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kraemer
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Yang T, Jiang S, Barnett R, Peng S, Yu L. Individual and city-level determinants of secondhand smoke exposure in China. Int J Health Geogr 2015; 14:36. [PMID: 26714485 PMCID: PMC4696343 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-015-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second hand smoke (SHS) exposure is a severe public health problem, especially in low and middle countries, but no studies have examined both individual and city-level variables influencing exposure. METHODS A cross-sectional multistage sampling design was used to survey subjects from 21 cities in China. Using a standardized questionnaire individual level information was collected. City-level variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to assess SHS exposure variation at both the individual and city level. RESULTS SHS exposure prevalence among non-smokers was 28.1% (95% CI 27.1-29.0). At the individual level lower educational attainment and income and higher exposure to tobacco advertising were associated with higher SHS exposure. On the other hand richer cities, and those with more anti-smoking media news coverage, had less SHS exposure. The presence of city smokefree regulations was unrelated to exposure. CONCLUSIONS Given its human and economic costs, reducing SHS exposure should receive greater priority than it does in China. The results point to the need for the enactment of national smokefree laws in order to combat unacceptably high levels of SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhong Yang
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shuhang Jiang
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ross Barnett
- Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Sihui Peng
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Lingwei Yu
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kreatsoulas C, Corsi DJ, Subramanian SV. Commentary: The salience of socioeconomic status in assessing cardiovascular disease and risk in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1636-47. [PMID: 26493737 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Corsi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada and
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang L, Hsia J, Tu X, Xia Y, Zhang L, Bi Z, Liu H, Li X, Stanton B. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and interventions among pregnant women in China: a systematic review. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E35. [PMID: 25789496 PMCID: PMC4372160 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking prevalence is high among men in China. One result is that a large number of nonsmoking Chinese women may be exposed daily to secondhand smoke (SHS). Exposure is particularly problematic for pregnant women because of potential adverse reproductive effects. To determine the extent of this exposure and to summarize existing intervention studies designed to reduce SHS exposure in China, a systematic review of the literature published from 1995 through 2012 was conducted. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Wanfang databases for studies published from 1995 through 2012 using various search terms including SHS, pregnant women, and China. Only articles on prevalence of SHS exposure and interventions to reduce exposure to SHS were selected. RESULTS We identified 132 studies during the initial searches. Eight of 13 eligible studies reported the prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant women; estimates ranged from 38.9% to 75.1%. Few SHS prevention interventions among pregnant women in China have been studied; we found only 5 such studies. The interventions primarily focused on changing husbands' smoking behaviors; some interventions focused on women's avoidance behaviors. CONCLUSION Prevalence of exposure to SHS among pregnant women is high in China. Information is limited on effective interventions to protect pregnant women from exposure. The results of this review can provide the basis for the design and evaluation of interventions to help pregnant women avoid SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4707 Saint Antoine St, Hutzel Building, W534, Bin No. 502, Detroit, MI 48201-2196.
| | - Jason Hsia
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Reproductive Genetics and Reproductive Technologies, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Bi
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Pediatrics Prevention Research Center, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bonita Stanton
- Pediatrics Prevention Research Center, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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