1
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Partanen M, Luhio P, Gómez-Gallego C, Kolehmainen M. The role of fiber in modulating plant protein-induced metabolic responses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39154210 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2392149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The rising consumption of plant protein foods and the emergence of meat alternatives have prompted interest in the health benefits of such products, which contain fiber in addition to protein. This review investigates the effect of fiber on plant-based protein metabolism and evaluates its contribution to gut-derived health impacts. Plant proteins, which often come with added fiber, can have varying health outcomes. Factors such as processing and the presence of fiber and starch influence the digestibility of plant proteins, potentially leading to increased proteolytic fermentation in the gut and the production of harmful metabolites. However, fermentable fiber can counteract this effect by serving as a primary substrate for gut microbes, decreasing proteolytic activity. The increased amount of fiber, rather than the protein source itself, plays a significant role in the observed health benefits of plant-based diets in human studies. Differences between extrinsic and intrinsic fiber in the food matrix further impact protein fermentation and digestibility. Thus, in novel protein products without naturally occurring fiber, the health impact may differ from conventional plant protein sources. The influence of various fibers on plant-based protein metabolism throughout the gastrointestinal tract is not fully understood, necessitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moona Partanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Luhio
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Vargha S, Igual M, Miraballes M, Gámbaro A, García-Segovia P, Martínez-Monzó J. Influence of Cooking Technique on Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds in Vegetable Lentil Soup. Foods 2024; 13:2405. [PMID: 39123597 PMCID: PMC11311475 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetables and legume soups contain various essential and bioactive constituents such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and phenolics. Antioxidant activity characteristics related to those compounds are well known to contribute profusely to human health. The cooking technique affects the bioavailability of nutrients and bioactive compounds, making it crucial to explore optimal alternatives to maximize them. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of different cooking techniques (boiling, pressure cooking, sous-vide, and cook-vide) on the physicochemical properties and bioactive characteristics of a ready-to-eat vegetable lentil soup. For this, the bioaccessibility of those compounds was assessed through an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal methodology. The firmness of vegetables was established to define treatments' cooking times, allowing subsequent comparison of the nutritional and functional properties of the soups. The color of vegetables was also evaluated as a quality parameter, which contributed to providing a global vision of the process impact. The results revealed that in vitro digestion (IVD) caused a decrease in all bioactive compound determinations for all cooking treatments of up to 72% for total phenols, 92% for lycopene, 98% for carotenoids, and 100% for vitamin C. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the soups after thermal treatment improved up to 46% measured by the DPPH method. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the digestion process in the selection of the most adequate cooking technique. After IVD, traditional cooking (boiling) reached the maximum total carotenoid and lycopene contents; cook-vide and pressure-cooking techniques provided the highest total phenol content, showing these three techniques to have the maximum antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Vargha
- Food Department, School of Nutrition, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Marta Igual
- Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (P.G.-S.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Marcelo Miraballes
- Food Science and Technology Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Adriana Gámbaro
- Food Science and Technology Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Purificación García-Segovia
- Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (P.G.-S.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Javier Martínez-Monzó
- Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (P.G.-S.); (J.M.-M.)
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3
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Trumbo PR, Bleiweiss-Sande R, Campbell JK, Decker E, Drewnowski A, Erdman JW, Ferruzzi MG, Forde CG, Gibney MJ, Hess JM, Klurfeld DM, Latulippe ME, O’Connor LE, Reimers KJ, Rolls BJ, Schulz J, Weaver C, Yu L. Toward a science-based classification of processed foods to support meaningful research and effective health policies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1389601. [PMID: 39055388 PMCID: PMC11271201 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Processed foods have been part of the American diet for decades, with key roles in providing a safe, available, affordable, and nutritious food supply. The USDA Food Guides beginning in 1916 and the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) since 1980 have included various types of commonly consumed processed foods (e.g., heated, fermented, dried) as part of their recommendations. However, there are multiple classification systems based on "level" of food processing, and additional evidence is needed to establish the specific properties of foods classified as "highly" or "ultra"-processed (HPF/UPFs). Importantly, many foods are captured under HPF/UPF definitions, ranging from ready-to-eat fortified whole grain breakfast cereals to sugar-sweetened beverages and baked goods. The consequences of implementing dietary guidance to limit all intake of foods currently classified as HPF/UPF may require additional scrutiny to evaluate the impact on consumers' ability to meet daily nutrient recommendations and to access affordable food, and ultimately, on health outcomes. Based on a meeting held by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences in May 2023, this paper provides perspectives on the broad array of foods classified as HPF/UPFs based on processing and formulation, including contributions to nutrient intake and dietary patterns, food acceptability, and cost. Characteristics of foods classified as UPF/HPFs are considered, including the roles and safety approval of food additives and the effect of food processing on the food matrix. Finally, this paper identifies information gaps and research needs to better understand how the processing of food affects nutrition and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Trumbo
- Paula R. Trumbo Consulting, Mount Pleasant, SC, United States
- School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Jessica K. Campbell
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Golden Valley, MN, United States
| | - Eric Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ciaran G. Forde
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie M. Hess
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - David M. Klurfeld
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Marie E. Latulippe
- Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lauren E. O’Connor
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | | | - Barbara J. Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | | | - Connie Weaver
- College of Health and Human Services, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lynn Yu
- The Kraft Heinz Company, Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Azizi R, Baggio A, Capuano E, Pellegrini N. Protein transition: focus on protein quality in sustainable alternative sources. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38907600 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2365339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The current consumption trends, combined with the expected demographic growth in the coming years, call for a protein transition, i.e., the partial substitution of animal protein-rich foods with foods rich in proteins produced in a more sustainable way. Here, we have discussed some of the most common and promising protein sources alternative to animal proteins, namely: legumes, insects, and microorganisms (including microalgae and fungi). The primary objective was to assess their nutritional quality through the collection of digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) values available in the scientific literature. Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) values have been used where DIAAS values were not available. The ecological impact of each protein source, its nutritional quality and the potential applications in traditional foods or novel food concepts like meat analogues are also discussed. The data collected show that DIAAS values for animal proteins are higher than all the other protein sources. Soybean proteins, mycoproteins and proteins of some insects present relatively high DIAAS (or PDCAAS) values and must be considered proteins of good quality. This review also highlights the lack of DIAAS values for many potentially promising protein sources and the variability induced by the way the proteins are processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Azizi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anna Baggio
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Qazi HJ, Ye A, Acevedo-Fani A, Singh H. Delivery of encapsulated bioactive compounds within food matrices to the digestive tract: recent trends and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38821104 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2353366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Encapsulation technologies have achieved encouraging results improving the stability, bioaccessibility and absorption of bioactive compounds post-consumption. There is a bulk of published research on the gastrointestinal behavior of encapsulated bioactive food materials alone using in vitro and in vivo digestion models, but an aspect often overlooked is the impact of the food structure, which is much more complex to unravel and still not well understood. This review focuses on discussing the recent findings in the application of encapsulated bioactive components in fabricated food matrices. Studies have suggested that the integration of encapsulated bioactive compounds has been proven to have an impact on the physicochemical characteristics of the finished product in addition to the protective effect of encapsulation on the fortified bioactive compound. These products containing bioactive compounds undergo further structural reorganization during digestion, impacting the release and emptying rates of fortified bioactive compounds. Thus, by manipulation of various food structures and matrices, the release and delivery of these bioactive compounds can be altered. This knowledge provides new opportunities for designing specialized foods for specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Jamshaid Qazi
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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6
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Cutroneo S, Prandi B, Pellegrini N, Sforza S, Tedeschi T. Assessment of Protein Quality and Digestibility in Plant-Based Meat Analogues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8114-8125. [PMID: 38560783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this first work, commercial steak-like (n = 3) and cured meat (n = 3) analogues with different legume and cereal formulations were studied and compared to their animal-based (n = 3) counterparts. Plant-based products showed lower protein content than meat controls but a good amino acidic profile even though the sum of essential amino acids of plant-cured meats does not fulfill the requirements set by the Food and Agriculture Organization for children. A comparable release of soluble proteins and peptides in the digestates after in vitro digestion was observed in meat analogues as meat products, whereas the digestibility of proteins was lower in plant-based steaks and higher in plant-based cured meats than their counterparts. The overall protein quality and digestibility of products are related to both the use of good blending of protein sources and processes applied to produce them. An adequate substitution of meat with its analogues depends mostly on the quality of raw materials used, which should be communicated to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cutroneo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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7
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Toutirais L, Walrand S, Vaysse C. Are oilseeds a new alternative protein source for human nutrition? Food Funct 2024; 15:2366-2380. [PMID: 38372388 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the potential use, nutritional value and beneficial health effects of oilseeds as a source of food protein. The process of extracting oil from oilseeds produces a by-product that is rich in proteins and other valuable nutritional and bioactive components. This product is primarily used for animal feed. However, as the demand for proteins continues to rise, plant-based proteins have a real success in food applications. Among the different plant protein sources, oilseeds could be used as an alternative protein source for human diet. The data we have so far show that oilseeds present a protein content of up to 40% and a relatively well-balanced profile of amino acids with sulphur-containing amino acids. Nevertheless, they tend to be deficient in lysine and rich in anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), which therefore means they have lower anabolic potential than animal proteins. To enhance their nutritional value, oilseed proteins can be combined with other protein sources and subjected to processes such as dehulling, heating, soaking, germination or fermentation to reduce their ANFs and improve protein digestibility. Furthermore, due to their bioactive peptides, oilseeds can also bring health benefits, particularly in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. However, additional nutritional data are needed before oilseeds can be endorsed as a protein source for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Toutirais
- ITERG, Department of Nutritional Health and Lipid Biochemistry, Bordeaux, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Stephane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- Clinical Nutrition Department, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bermudez C, Yao H, Widaningrum, Williams BA, Flanagan BM, Gidley MJ, Mikkelsen D. Biomass attachment and microbiota shifts during porcine faecal in vitro fermentation of almond and macadamia nuts differing in particle sizes. Food Funct 2024; 15:2406-2421. [PMID: 38265095 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Nuts are highly nutritious and good sources of dietary fibre, when consumed as part of a healthy human diet. Upon consumption, nut particles of various sizes containing lipids entrapped by the plant cell walls enter the large intestine where they are fermented by the resident microbiota. This study investigated the microbial community shifts during in vitro fermentation of almond and macadamia substrates, of two particle sizes including fine particles (F = 250-500 μm) and cell clusters (CC = 710-1000 μm). The aim was to determine how particle size and biomass attachment altered the microbiota. Over the 48 h fermentation duration, short chain fatty acid concentrations increased due to particle size rather than nut type (almond or macadamia). However, nut type did change microbial population dynamics by stimulating specific genera. Tyzzerella, p253418B5 gut group, Lachnospiraceae UCG001, Geotrichum, Enterococcus, Amnipila and Acetitomaculum genera were unique for almonds. For macadamia, three unique genera including Prevotellaceae UCG004, Candidatus Methanomethylophilus and Alistipes were noted. Distinct shifts in the attached microbial biomass were noted due to nut particle size. Bacterial attachment to nut particles was visualised in situ during fermentation, revealing a decrease in lipids and an increase in attached bacteria over time. This interaction may be a pre-requisite for lipid breakdown during nut particle disappearance. Overall, this study provides insights into how nut fermentation alters the gut microbiota and the possible role that gut microbes have in lipid degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bermudez
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong Yao
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Widaningrum
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Research Centre for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Soekarno Integrated Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Barbara A Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bernadine M Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Chen Y, Capuano E, Stieger M. The effects of carrot shape and oral processing behaviour on bolus properties and β-carotene bioaccessibility of raw carrots. Food Res Int 2024; 179:114051. [PMID: 38342550 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carrot shape (cube vs. julienne) and oral processing behaviour, specifically chewing time, on bolus properties and bioaccessibility of β-carotene in raw carrots. Participants (n = 20) consumed raw carrot cubes (15 × 15 × 15 mm, 4.2 g/bite) and raw carrot julienne (2 × 3 × 90 mm, 4.2 g/bite) with normal (cube: 20 s/bite; julienne: 28 s/bite) and short (cube: 10 s/bite; julienne: 14 s/bite) chewing time. Expectorated boli were collected and characterized for number and mean area of carrot bolus particles. The proportion of easily extractable β-carotene of the carrot bolus was taken as an approximate indicator of the potentially bioaccessible β-carotene. Longer chewing time resulted in significantly more and smaller carrot bolus particles, larger particle surface area (p < 0.01) and higher proportion of easily extractable β-carotene than shorter chewing of raw carrots of both shapes (Cube_Normal vs. Cube_Short: 29 ± 7 % vs. 23 ± 7 %; Julienne_Normal vs. Julienne Short: 31 ± 8 % vs. 26 ± 6 %, p < 0.05). Carrot shape significantly influenced number and size of bolus particles (p < 0.01) with carrot julienne generating more and smaller carrot bolus particles than carrot cubes. These differences in bolus properties between carrot julienne and cubes did not influence the proportion of easily extractable β-carotene (p > 0.05). We conclude that differences in oral processing behaviour and the corresponding differences in bolus properties produce only modest differences in β-carotene bioaccessibility of raw carrots regardless of carrot shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus Stieger
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, The Netherlands.
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Chen Y, Stieger M, Tonies F, Tielens A, Capuano E. Consuming almonds with chocolate or lettuce influences oral processing behaviour, bolus properties and consequently predicted lipid release from almonds. Food Funct 2023; 14:9792-9802. [PMID: 37843821 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in almonds are naturally encapsulated by cell walls which may reduce the actual metabolizable energy content of almonds. Oral processing increases the accessibility of lipids to digestive enzymes by grinding the almond matrix. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding accompanying foods (chocolate and iceberg lettuce) to almonds on oral processing behaviour, bolus properties and predicted lipid release. Natural chewing times of four almond model foods including one almond (1.3 g), four almonds (4.6 g), one almond with chocolate (4.3 g) and one almond with iceberg lettuce (4.3 g) were collected from n = 59 participants in duplicate. Expectorated boli at the moment of swallowing were characterized for number and mean area of almond bolus particles. Predicted lipid bioaccessibility was estimated using a previously validated model. At similar bite size (4.3-4.6 g), the addition of chocolate and iceberg lettuce to almonds significantly decreased (p < 0.05) chewing time and significantly increased (p < 0.05) eating rate compared to consumption of almonds alone. Almond bolus particle sizes were similar for almonds consumed alone (one and four almonds) and with chocolate, while consuming almonds with lettuce generated significantly fewer and larger almond bolus particles (p < 0.05). Predicted lipid bioaccessibility of almonds consumed with iceberg lettuce was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for almonds consumed alone (one and four almonds) and almonds consumed with chocolate. Eating rate correlated significantly and positively with the mean area of bolus particles and significantly and negatively with predicted lipid release. In conclusion, combining almonds with other foods such as chocolate and lettuce influences oral processing behaviour and bolus properties and consequently predicted lipid bioaccessibility of almonds, highlighting the impact of food matrix and consumption context on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus Stieger
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Tonies
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
| | - Anki Tielens
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Wageningen University & Research, Food Quality and Design, The Netherlands.
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Tirla A, Timar AV, Becze A, Memete AR, Vicas SI, Popoviciu MS, Cavalu S. Designing New Sport Supplements Based on Aronia melanocarpa and Bee Pollen to Enhance Antioxidant Capacity and Nutritional Value. Molecules 2023; 28:6944. [PMID: 37836785 PMCID: PMC10574696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With a high number of athletes using sport supplements targeting different results, the need for complex, natural and effective formulations represents an actual reality, while nutrition dosing regimens aiming to sustain the health and performance of athletes are always challenging. In this context, the main goal of this study was to elaborate a novel and complex nutraceutical supplement based on multiple bioactive compounds extracted from Aronia melanocarpa and bee pollen, aiming to support physiological adaptations and to minimize the stress generated by intense physical activity in the case of professional or amateur athletes. Our proposed formulations are based on different combinations of Aronia and bee pollen (A1:P1, A1:P2 and A2:P1), offering personalized supplements designed to fulfill the individual requirements of different categories of athletes. The approximate composition, fatty acid profile, identification and quantification of individual polyphenols, along with the antioxidant capacity of raw biological materials and different formulations, was performed using spectrophotometric methods, GS-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS-ESI+. In terms of antioxidant capacity, our formulations based on different ratios of bee pollen and Aronia were able to act as complex and powerful antioxidant products, highlighted by the synergic or additional effect of the combinations. Overall, the most powerful synergism was obtained for the A1:P2 formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tirla
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Adrian Vasile Timar
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Anca Becze
- INCDO-INOE 2000 Subsidiary Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation ICIA, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Ramona Memete
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Mihaela Simona Popoviciu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
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Unger AL, Astrup A, Feeney EL, Holscher HD, Gerstein DE, Torres-Gonzalez M, Brown K. Harnessing the Magic of the Dairy Matrix for Next-Level Health Solutions: A Summary of a Symposium Presented at Nutrition 2022. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100105. [PMID: 37396060 PMCID: PMC10310465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of scientific evidence demonstrates that the food matrix-the interaction among nutrients, bioactive components, and physical structure of a food-can affect health in significant, unexpected ways beyond its individual nutrients. In particular, research suggests that consumption of dairy foods such as milk, yogurt, and cheese may affect human health in a matrix-dependent fashion. To disseminate and discuss the growing body of evidence surrounding the role of the dairy food matrix on cardiometabolic health, 3 expert researchers on the topic of the food matrix shared the latest science in a session entitled "Next-Level Health Solutions: The Magic of the Matrix" at the American Society for Nutrition's 2022 LIVE ONLINE Conference. This article is a summary of the literature presented and discussed during that session. A substantial body of literature demonstrates that full-fat dairy foods, particularly fermented dairy foods, may beneficially modulate cardiometabolic outcomes depending on an individual's health status. These findings have important implications for current authoritative dietary guidance that recommends the consumption of low-fat or fat-free dairy foods. Furthermore, this evidence may inform practical applications of harnessing dairy's unique profile of bioactives for health promotion and disease prevention at the individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Obesity and Nutrition Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Emma L. Feeney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hannah D. Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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13
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Corbin KD, Carnero EA, Dirks B, Igudesman D, Yi F, Marcus A, Davis TL, Pratley RE, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Smith SR. Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3161. [PMID: 37258525 PMCID: PMC10232526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 ± 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 ± 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daria Igudesman
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Skyology Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Davis
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Steven R Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
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14
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Panda C, Komarnytsky S, Fleming MN, Marsh C, Barron K, Le Brun-Blashka S, Metzger B. Guided Metabolic Detoxification Program Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes and Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Participants. Nutrients 2023; 15:2209. [PMID: 37432335 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate antioxidant supply is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress during detoxification. The emerging evidence suggests that certain classes of phytonutrients can help support the detoxification process by stimulating the liver to produce detoxification enzymes or acting as antioxidants that neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. This study was designed to examine the effects of a guided 28-day metabolic detoxification program in healthy adults. The participants were randomly assigned to consume a whole food, multi-ingredient supplement (n = 14, education and intervention) or control (n = 18, education and healthy meal) daily for the duration of the trial. The whole food supplement contained 37 g/serving of a proprietary, multicomponent nutritional blend in the form of a rehydratable shake. Program readiness was ensured at baseline using a validated self-perceived wellness score and a blood metabolic panel, indicating stable emotional and physical well-being in both groups. No significant changes or adverse effects were found on physical or emotional health, cellular glutathione (GSH) and the GSH:GSSG ratio, porphyrin, and hepatic detoxification biomarkers in urine. The intervention was positively associated with a 23% increase in superoxide dismutase (p = 0.06) and a 13% increase in glutathione S-transferase (p = 0.003) activities in the blood. This resulted in a 40% increase in the total cellular antioxidant capacity (p = 0.001) and a 13% decrease in reactive oxygen species (p = 0.002) in isolated PBMCs from participants in the detoxification group. Our findings indicate that consuming a whole food nutritional intervention as a part of the guided detoxification program supported phase II detoxification, in part, by promoting enhanced free radical scavenging and maintaining redox homeostasis under the body's natural glutathione recycling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., 150 N Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michelle Norton Fleming
- College of Chiropractic, Northwestern Health Sciences University, 2501 W 84th Street, Bloomington, MN 55431, USA
| | - Carissa Marsh
- College of Chiropractic, Northwestern Health Sciences University, 2501 W 84th Street, Bloomington, MN 55431, USA
| | - Keri Barron
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., 150 N Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Sara Le Brun-Blashka
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., 150 N Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., 150 N Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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15
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Dima C, Assadpour E, Nechifor A, Dima S, Li Y, Jafari SM. Oral bioavailability of bioactive compounds; modulating factors, in vitro analysis methods, and enhancing strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8501-8539. [PMID: 37096550 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2199861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Foods are complex biosystems made up of a wide variety of compounds. Some of them, such as nutrients and bioactive compounds (bioactives), contribute to supporting body functions and bring important health benefits; others, such as food additives, are involved in processing techniques and contribute to improving sensory attributes and ensuring food safety. Also, there are antinutrients in foods that affect food bioefficiency and contaminants that increase the risk of toxicity. The bioefficiency of food is evaluated with bioavailability which represents the amount of nutrients or bioactives from the consumed food reaching the organs and tissues where they exert their biological activity. Oral bioavailability is the result of some physicochemical and biological processes in which food is involved such as liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (LADME). In this paper, a general presentation of the factors influencing oral bioavailability of nutrients and bioactives as well as the in vitro techniques for evaluating bioaccessibility and is provided. In this context, a critical analysis of the effects of physiological factors related to the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) on oral bioavailability is discussed, such as pH, chemical composition, volumes of gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, transit time, enzymatic activity, mechanical processes, and so on, and the pharmacokinetics factors including BAC and solubility of bioactives, their transport across the cell membrane, their biodistribution and metabolism. The impact of matrix and food processing on the BAC of bioactives is also explained. The researchers' recent concerns for improving oral bioavailability of nutrients and food bioactives using both traditional techniques, for example, thermal treatments, mechanical processes, soaking, germination and fermentation, as well as food nanotechnologies, such as loading of bioactives in different colloidal delivery systems (CDSs), is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Dima
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co, Gorgan, Iran
- Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alexandru Nechifor
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy - Medical Clinical Department, Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Stefan Dima
- Faculty of Science and Environment, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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16
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Lappi J, Silventoinen-Veijalainen P, Vanhatalo S, Rosa-Sibakov N, Sozer N. The nutritional quality of animal-alternative processed foods based on plant or microbial proteins and the role of the food matrix. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Bolhuis D, Mosca AC, Pellegrini N. Consumer Awareness of the Degree of Industrial Food Processing and the Association with Healthiness-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:4438. [PMID: 36297121 PMCID: PMC9610034 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been associated with lower diet quality, obesity, and adverse health effects. Not much is known about how consumers evaluate the degree of processing of a food product and how they relate this to healthiness. An online questionnaire was completed by a total of 277 Dutch, 204 Italian, and 181 Brazilian consumers. Consumers were aged 18-65 year, mean 38 ± 13 year, 31% were males, and 71% were highly educated. Pictures of several common food products were evaluated on the degree of industrial processing and healthiness. Thirteen food categories were included, each including one minimally processed food (MPF), one High NS_UPF (Nutri-Score A or B), and one Low NS_UPF (Nutri-Score D or E). Lastly, knowledge and attitude about UPFs were assessed. Ultraprocessing was perceived as unhealthy by the majority of consumers (Dutch, Italian: 55%; Brazilian: 75%) and contributed to weight gain according to: 38% Dutch, 51% Italian, and 70% Brazilian consumers. Low NS_UPFs were correctly rated toward "processed" and "not healthy" in all countries. High NS_UPF were rated as processed but showed large variations in healthiness scores. In conclusion, consumers rated UPFs relatively low in healthiness compared with MPFs with similar Nutri-Scores within the same food category. These preliminary findings suggest that consumers incorporate, to some extent, the degree of industrial processing while assessing the healthiness of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwerke Bolhuis
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 3310 Udine, Italy
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18
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Rincón-Betancurt O, Aceituno-Medina M, Verónica García-Fajardo L, Hernández E. Effect of larval nutrition on the hemolymph protein composition during metamorphosis of Anastrepha obliqua. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:593-603. [PMID: 35199634 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on how nutrition affects the bioavailability and investment of protein during the metamorphosis of tephritids. Our study allowed us to observe how the type and particle size of the bulking agent affected the protein composition in the hemolymph of the larva and adult of Anastrepha obliqua. Results indicated that, true protein bioavailability and protein profile was greatly modified by the bulking agent and its particle size. The physical structure of the food matrix affected the content of crude fiber (F), crude protein (P), F/P ratio, non-protein nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors. Results from SDS-PAGE revealed 45 fractions with well-defined bands ranging from ~28 to ~401 kDa in larvae and adults, we found the main differences between the samples from different food matrices within the 75-100 kDa range. Hemolymph of adults from the coarse coconut fiber food matrix treatment showed a single band with a molecular weight close to 250 kDa, probably associated with a storage protein such as lipophorins. The food matrix with a coarse bulking agent had a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, suggesting high microbial activity. In conclusion, the particle size of the bulking agent of the food matrix changes the bioavailability of protein in hemolymph in the adult regardless of the total concentration of protein. Also, when the particle size of the bulking agent favored the F/P ratio, higher larval density resulted in higher individual larval weight, larval yield, and adult emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Rincón-Betancurt
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000. Tapachula, Chiapas, 30798, México
- Programa Moscamed SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, 30860, México
| | - Marysol Aceituno-Medina
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000. Tapachula, Chiapas, 30798, México
- Programa Moscamed SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, 30860, México
| | | | - Emilio Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000. Tapachula, Chiapas, 30798, México
- Programa Moscamed SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, 30860, México
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19
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Lin Q, Pan L, Deng N, Sang M, Cai K, Chen C, Han J, Ye A. Protein digestibility of textured-wheat-protein (TWP) -based meat analogues: (I) Effects of fibrous structure. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Grundy MM, Tang J, van Milgen J, Renaudeau D. Cell wall of feeds and their impact on protein digestibility: an in vitro method applied for pig nutrition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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López-Montoya P, Cerqueda-García D, Rodríguez-Flores M, López-Contreras B, Villamil-Ramírez H, Morán-Ramos S, Molina-Cruz S, Rivera-Paredez B, Antuna-Puente B, Velázquez-Cruz R, Villarreal-Molina T, Canizales-Quinteros S. Association of Gut Microbiota with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Its Impact on Serum Lipid Levels after Bariatric Surgery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173545. [PMID: 36079803 PMCID: PMC9460232 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been suggested to modulate circulating lipids. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD), defined as the presence of both low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia, is not fully understood. Moreover, because obesity is among the main causes of secondary AD, it is important to analyze the effect of gut microbiota composition on lipid profiles after a weight loss intervention. We compared the microbial diversity and taxonomic composition in patients with AD (n = 41) and controls (n = 38) and sought correlations of genera abundance with serum lipid levels in 20 patients after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Gut microbiota composition was profiled using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA. Gut microbiota diversity was significantly lower in atherogenic dyslipidemia. Moreover, relative abundance of two genera with LDA score >3.5 (Megasphaera and LPS-producing Escherichia-Shigella), was significantly higher in AD subjects, while the abundance of four short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing-genera (Christensenellaceae R-7, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014; Akkermansia and [Eubacterium] eligens group) was significantly higher in controls. Notably, [Eubacterium] eligens group abundance was also significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in RYGB patients one year after surgery. Although dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratio and PUFA intake were higher in controls than in AD subjects, of the four genera differentiated in cases and controls, only Akkermansia abundance showed a positive and significant correlation with PUFA/SFA ratio. Our results suggest that SCFA-producing bacteria promote a healthy lipid homeostasis, while the presence of LPS-producing bacteria such Escherichia-Shigella may contribute to the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla López-Montoya
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Marcela Rodríguez-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Blanca López-Contreras
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Sofía Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Selene Molina-Cruz
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud (CIPPS), Facultad de Medicina-UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Antuna-Puente
- Infection Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | | | | | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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22
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Bartholomai BM, Ruwe KM, Thurston J, Jha P, Scaife K, Simon R, Abdelmoteleb M, Goodman RE, Farhi M. Safety evaluation of Neurospora crassa mycoprotein for use as a novel meat alternative and enhancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113342. [PMID: 35963473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of filamentous fungi to produce sustainable, nutrient rich meat replacements has recently attracted significant commercial and research interest. Here, we report evidence for the safety and nutritional value of Neurospora crassa mycoprotein, a whole mycelium food ingredient produced by fermentation and minimal downstream processing. N. crassa has a long history of human use in fermented foods and in molecular biology research. A survey of studies that used N. crassa in animal feed revealed no adverse effects to the health of the animals. Furthermore, a review of the literature found no reports of confirmed allergenicity or toxicity in humans involving N. crassa. Genomic toxigenicity analysis and in vitro testing did not identify any toxins in N. crassa mycoprotein. Two independent genomic allergenicity studies did not identify proteins that would be considered a particular risk for allergenic potential. Furthermore, nutritional analysis demonstrated that N. crassa mycoprotein is a good source of complete protein and is rich in fiber, potassium, and iron. Taken together, the presented data and the history of human use without evidence of human or animal harm indicate that foods containing N. crassa can generally be regarded as safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prachi Jha
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Scaife
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Simon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Moran Farhi
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA, USA
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23
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The impact of caloric availability on eating behavior and ultra-processed food reward. Appetite 2022; 178:106274. [PMID: 35963586 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The food environment has changed rapidly and dramatically in the last 50 years. While industrial food processing has increased the safety and stability of the food supply, a rapid expansion in the scope and scale of food processing in the 1980's has resulted in a market dominated by ultra-processed foods. Here, we use the NOVA definition of category 4 ultra-processed foods (UPFs) as they make up around 58% of total calories consumed in the US and 66% of calories in US children. UPFs are formulated from ingredients with no or infrequent culinary use, contain additives, and have a long shelf-life, spending long periods in contact with packaging materials, allowing for the absorption of compounds from those materials. The full implications of this dietary shift to UPFs on human health and disease outcomes are difficult, if not impossible, to quantify. However, UPF consumption is linked with various forms of cancer, increased cardiovascular disease, and increased all-cause mortality. Understanding food choice is, therefore, a critical problem in health research. Although many factors influence food choice, here we focus on the properties of the foods themselves. UPFs are generally treated as food, not as the highly refined, industrialized substances that they are, whose properties and components must be studied. Here, we examine one property of UPFs, that they deliver useable calories rapidly as a potential factor driving UPF overconsumption. First, we explore evidence that UPFs deliver calories more rapidly. Next, we examine the role of the gut-brain axis and its interplay with canonical reward systems, and last, we describe how speed affects both basic learning processes and drugs of abuse.
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24
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Duijsens D, Pälchen K, Guevara-Zambrano J, Verkempinck S, Infantes-Garcia M, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A, Grauwet T. Strategic choices for in vitro food digestion methodologies enabling food digestion design. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Calligaris S, Moretton M, Melchior S, Mosca AC, Pellegrini N, Anese M. Designing food for the elderly: the critical impact of food structure. Food Funct 2022; 13:6467-6483. [PMID: 35678510 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is an unavoidable progressive process causing many changes of the individual life. However, if faced in an efficient way, living longer in a healthy status could be an opportunity for all. In this context, food consumption and dietary patterns are pivotal factors in promoting active and healthy ageing. The development of food products tailored for the specific needs of the elderly might favour the fulfilment of nutritionally balanced diets, while reducing the consequences of malnutrition. To this aim, the application of a food structure design approach could be particularly profitable, being food structure responsible to the final functionalities of food products. In this narrative review, the physiological changes associated to food consumption occurring during ageing were firstly discussed. Then, the focus shifted to the possible role of food structure in delivering target functionalities, considering food acceptability, digestion of the nutrients, bioactive molecules and probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Calligaris
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Martina Moretton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Sofia Melchior
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Ana Carolina Mosca
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 47/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Monica Anese
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Forde CG, Bolhuis D. Interrelations Between Food Form, Texture, and Matrix Influence Energy Intake and Metabolic Responses. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:124-132. [PMID: 35325399 PMCID: PMC9174310 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutrition often focuses on food composition, yet differences in food form, texture, and matrix influence energy intake and metabolism. This review outlines how these attributes of food impact oral processing, energy intake, and metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Food form has a well-established impact on intake, where liquids are consumed more than solids and semi-solids. For solids, texture properties like thickness, hardness, and lubrication, and geometrical properties like size and shape influence oral processing, eating rate, and intake. Food matrix integrity can influence nutrient and energy absorption and is strongly influenced by food processing. Food texture and matrix play important roles in modulating energy intake and absorption. Future research needs to consider the often overlooked role of texture and matrix effects on energy and metabolic responses to composite foods and meals. Research is needed to understand how processing impacts macro- and micro-structure of food and its long-term impact on energy balance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán G Forde
- Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Dieuwerke Bolhuis
- Food Quality and Design, Division of Food Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Rojas Conzuelo Z, Robyr R, Kopf-Bolanz KA. Optimization of Protein Quality of Plant-Based Foods Through Digitalized Product Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:902565. [PMID: 35619962 PMCID: PMC9128549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing availability of plant-based protein products that should serve as alternatives to animal-based protein products, it is necessary to develop not only environmentally friendly but also nutritious foods. Especially the protein content and quality are of concern in these products. The algorithm of NutriOpt was developed using linear programming to support the development of food products with a balanced amino acid profile while considering digestibility. The current version contains a database with 84 plant protein sources from different food groups (legumes, cereals, nuts, seeds) and with different grades of purification (flours, concentrates, isolates) from which NutriOpt can create mixtures with high protein quality while complying with constraints such as protein content, number of ingredients, and weight of the mixture. The program was tested through different case studies based on commercial plant-based drinks. It was possible to obtain formulations with a Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) over 100 with ingredients and quantities potentially suitable for plant-based analogs. Our model can help to develop the second generation of plant-based product alternatives that can really be used as an alternative on long-term consumption. Further, there is still a great potential of expansion of the program for example to use press cakes or even to model whole menus or diets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaray Rojas Conzuelo
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Robyr
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin A Kopf-Bolanz
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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Boukid F, Klerks M, Pellegrini N, Fogliano V, Sanchez-Siles L, Roman S, Vittadini E. Current and emerging trends in cereal snack bars: implications for new product development. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:610-629. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Boukid
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Food Industry Area, Monells, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michelle Klerks
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Lenzburg, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Nutrition Hero Group, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisma Sanchez-Siles
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, Lenzburg, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Nutrition Hero Group, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Roman
- Marketing Department, Facultad de Economía y Empresa, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Vittadini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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Liaquat M, Pasha I, Ahsin M, Salik A. Roasted fox nuts (Euryale Ferox L.) contain higher concentration of phenolics, flavonoids, minerals and antioxidants, and exhibit lower Glycemic Index (GI) in human subjects. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFox nut (Euryale ferox) is categorized among superior quality foods because of its highly nutritious profile. It also serves as a good protein source for vegetarian diets. However, it is not widely consumed, due to soggy texture and bland flavor as compared to other nuts. In this study, we used roasting and seasoning to enhance its consumer acceptance. Furthermore, we have also compared biochemical, nutritional and physical properties of the roasted and unroasted fox nuts; and their Glycemic Index (GI) in human subjects. Results showed that roasting significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the minerals content (from 0.58 to 0.66%), protein content (from 11.40 to 14.57%), total phenolics (from 346.02 to 470.62 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (from 4.15 to 4.43 mg CE/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (from 48.54 to 79.13% inhibition) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (from 662.46 to 957.14 μmol FeSO4/g). Consumer acceptance was evaluated with and without seasoning; both salt and spice seasoned roasted nuts had greater overall acceptability as compared to plain roasted and unroasted nuts. Fox nuts also reported low GI (37%) in human subjects (ethical approval #1772/01-06-2020). Thus, roasted fox nuts can be consumed as nutrient rich and low GI snack; not only as a component of healthy diet but can also be served to patients with metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.
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Chen Y, Capuano E, Stieger M. Chew on it: influence of oral processing behaviour on in vitro protein digestion of chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1408-1419. [PMID: 33645495 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oral processing behaviour can affect the bioavailability of macronutrients. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of oral processing behaviour on bolus properties and in vitro protein digestion of chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken. Natural chewing time and chewing frequency of both foods were determined in healthy adults (n 96). While natural chewing time differed considerably between consumers (chicken: 7·7-39·4 s; soya-based vegetarian chicken: 7·8-46·2 s), chewing frequency (1·4 chews/s) did not differ considerably between consumers and was independent of product type. Natural chewing times of 11 and 24 s were found for clusters of consumers showing shortest and longest chewing time for both products. Chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken were chewed for 11 and 24 s and boli expectorated by n 16 consumers to determine in vitro gastric digestion and by n 7 to determine in vitro intestinal digestion. For both foods, longer chewing time resulted in the formation of significantly (P < 0·05) more and smaller bolus fragments and higher in vitro degree of protein hydrolysis (DH%) than shorter chewing time (chicken: DH%11s = 7 ± 23 % and DH%24s = 89 ± 26 %; soya-based vegetarian chicken: DH%11s = 57 ± 18 % and DH%24s = 70 ± 21 %, P < 0·001). In vitro degree of protein hydrolysis was higher for chicken than that for soya-based vegetarian chicken regardless of chewing time. We conclude that naturally occurring longer chewing time leads to more and smaller bolus particles of chicken and soya-based vegetarian chicken and thereby increases in vitro protein hydrolysis compared with shorter chewing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Wageningen University, Food Quality and Design, PO Box 17, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Wageningen University, Food Quality and Design, PO Box 17, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Stieger
- Wageningen University, Food Quality and Design, PO Box 17, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the complex interactions between dietary fibre and the resident microbial community in the human gut. The microbiota influences both health maintenance and disease development. In the large intestine, the microbiota plays a crucial role in the degradation of dietary carbohydrates that remain undigested in the upper gut (non-digestible carbohydrates or fibre). Dietary fibre contains a variety of different types of carbohydrates, and its breakdown is facilitated by many different microbial enzymes. Some microbes, termed generalists, are able to degrade a range of different carbohydrates, whereas others are more specialised. Furthermore, the physicochemical characteristics of dietary fibre, such as whether it enters the gut in soluble or insoluble form, also likely influence which microbes can degrade it. A complex nutritional network therefore exists comprising primary degraders able to attack complex fibre and cross feeders that benefit from fibre breakdown intermediates or fermentation products. This leads predominately to the generation of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate and butyrate, which exert various effects on host physiology, including the supply of energy, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism and anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory actions. In order to effectively modulate the gut microbiota through diet, there is a need to better understand the complex competitive and cooperative interactions between gut microbes in dietary fibre breakdown, as well as how gut environmental factors and the physicochemical state of fibre originating from different types of diets influence microbial metabolism and ecology in the gut.
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32
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Duijsens D, Gwala S, Pallares AP, Pälchen K, Hendrickx M, Grauwet T. How postharvest variables in the pulse value chain affect nutrient digestibility and bioaccessibility. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5067-5096. [PMID: 34402573 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulses are increasingly being put forward as part of healthy diets because they are rich in protein, (slowly digestible) starch, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. In pulses, nutrients are bioencapsulated by a cell wall, which mostly survives cooking followed by mechanical disintegration (e.g., mastication). In this review, we describe how different steps in the postharvest pulse value chain affect starch and protein digestion and the mineral bioaccessibility of pulses by influencing both their nutritional composition and structural integrity. Processing conditions that influence structural characteristics, and thus potentially the starch and protein digestive properties of (fresh and hard-to-cook [HTC]) pulses, have been reported in literature and are summarized in this review. The effect of thermal treatment on the pulse microstructure seems highly dependent on pulse type-specific cell wall properties and postharvest storage, which requires further investigation. In contrast to starch and protein digestion, the bioaccessibility of minerals is not dependent on the integrity of the pulse (cellular) tissue, but is affected by the presence of mineral antinutrients (chelators). Although pulses have a high overall mineral content, the presence of mineral antinutrients makes them rather poorly accessible for absorption. The negative effect of HTC on mineral bioaccessibility cannot be counteracted by thermal processing. This review also summarizes lessons learned on the use of pulses for the preparation of foods, from the traditional use of raw-milled pulse flours, to purified pulse ingredients (e.g., protein), to more innovative pulse ingredients in which cellular arrangement and bioencapsulation of macronutrients are (partially) preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Duijsens
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shannon Gwala
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Pallares Pallares
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Pälchen
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tara Grauwet
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Jiménez-Munoz LM, Tavares GM, Corredig M. Design future foods using plant protein blends for best nutritional and technological functionality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Guo Q. Understanding the oral processing of solid foods: Insights from food structure. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2941-2967. [PMID: 33884754 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the structure of solid foods and their oral processing is paramount for enhancing features such as texture and taste and for improving health-related factors such as management of body weight or dysphagia. This paper discusses the main aspects of the oral processing of solid foods across different categories: (1) oral physiology related to chewing, (2) in-mouth food transformation, (3) texture perception, and (4) taste perception, and emphasis is placed on unveiling the underlying mechanisms of how food structure influences the oral processing of solid foods; this is exemplified by comparing the chewing behaviors for a number of representative solid foods. It highlights that modification of the texture/taste of food based on food structure design opens up the possibility for the development of food products that can be applied in the management of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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35
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Abstract
Food digestion may be regarded as a physiological interface between food and health. During digestion, the food matrix is broken down and the component nutrients and bioactive compounds are absorbed through a synergy of mechanical, chemical, and biochemical processes. The food matrix modulates the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption, hence regulating their concentration profile in the blood and their utilization in peripheral tissues. In this review, we discuss the structural and compositional aspects of food that modulate macronutrient digestibility in each step of digestion. We also discuss in silico modeling approaches to describe the effect of the food matrix on macronutrient digestion. The detailed knowledge of how the food matrix is digested can provide a mechanistic basis to elucidate the complex effect of food on human health and design food with improved functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Anja E M Janssen
- Food Processing Engineering Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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36
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Yu B, Zeng X, Wang L, Regenstein JM. Preparation of nanofibrillated cellulose from grapefruit peel and its application as fat substitute in ice cream. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117415. [PMID: 33357899 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Grapefruit peel nanofibrillated cellulose (GNFC) was used as fat substitute in ice cream. GNFC was characterized by TEM, SEM, and XRD. The effects of GNFC on textural profiles, rheological properties, melting resistance, sensory properties, microstructure, and gross energy (GE) of ice cream were investigated. The results showed that GNFC was short rod-shaped crystal. Ice cream added with GNFC exhibited elastic-dominated behavior and better textural properties. The sensory evaluation score reached the highest level with desirable three-dimensional network structure at 0.4 % GNFC addition. GE of ice cream significantly decreased with reducing fat with maximal reduction rate of 17.90 %. Furthermore, the results of in vitro simulated digestion showed that GNFC addition and fat reduction significantly inhibited fat digestibility of ice cream due to coalescence of fat droplets on GNFC. This study provides new sustainable perspectives for the application of GNFC prepared from agricultural waste as fat substitute in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xue Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lufeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Abstract
AIM Conduct a systematic review of available evidence on food and beverage intake during cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE Determine what food or beverages consumed during cancer treatment might prevent recurrence, subsequent malignancies, treatment-related toxicity, or death. BACKGROUND Food and beverage intake, as well as weight status, can integrate with cancer treatment to mitigate treatment-related toxicities, support treatment success, and prevent recurrence. Yet, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochran for research studies conducted within the last 10 years on food and beverage consumption during cancer treatment, with no restrictions on age or cancer type. Two reviewers independently extracted information on intervention type, diet, and outcomes; these data were confirmed by a third reviewer. RESULTS Nineteen studies were selected from 1551 potential studies. Nine were randomized controlled trials, analyzing high protein diets, short-term fasting, low-fat diets, FODMAP diet, or comparing consumption of 1 specific food or nutrient, including Concord grape juice, onions, and fiber. The remaining 10 studies were observational or retrospective and tracked treatment symptoms, general dietary intake, or weight status as well as consumption of specific foods including nuts, coffee, sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests food can be effective at ameliorating cancer treatment-related toxicities and improving prognosis, but more research is needed.
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Corbin KD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Carnero EA, Bock C, Emerson R, Rittmann BE, Marcus AK, Davis T, Dirks B, Ilhan ZE, Champagne C, Smith SR. Integrative and quantitative bioenergetics: Design of a study to assess the impact of the gut microbiome on host energy balance. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100646. [PMID: 32875141 PMCID: PMC7451766 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature is replete with clinical studies that characterize the structure, diversity, and function of the gut microbiome and correlate the results to different disease states, including obesity. Whether the microbiome has a direct impact on obesity has not been established. To address this gap, we asked whether the gut microbiome and its bioenergetics quantitatively change host energy balance. This paper describes the design of a randomized crossover clinical trial that combines outpatient feeding with precisely controlled metabolic phenotyping in an inpatient metabolic ward. The target population was healthy, weight-stable individuals, age 18-45 and with a body mass index ≤30 kg/m2. Our primary objective was to determine within-participant differences in energy balance after consuming a control Western Diet versus a Microbiome Enhancer Diet intervention specifically designed to optimize the gut microbiome for positive impacts on host energy balance. We assessed the complete energy-balance equation via whole-room calorimetry, quantified energy intake, fecal energy losses, and methane production. We implemented conditions of tight weight stability and balance between metabolizable energy intake and predicted energy expenditure. We explored key factors that modulate the balance between host and microbial nutrient accessibility by measuring enteroendocrine hormone profiles, appetite/satiety, gut transit and gastric emptying. By integrating these clinical measurements with future bioreactor experiments, gut microbial ecology analysis, and mathematical modeling, our goal is to describe initial cause-and-effect mechanisms of gut microbiome metabolism on host energy balance. Our innovative methods will enable subsequent studies on the interacting roles of diet, the gut microbiome, and human physiology. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02939703. The present study reference can be found here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02939703.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- Bioenergetics
- COD, chemical oxygen demand
- Calorimeter
- Chemical oxygen demand
- DEXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
- EB, energy balance
- EE, energy expenditure
- EI, energy intake
- Energy balance
- MFC, mass flow controller
- Microbiome
- NIST, national institute of standards technology
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RMR, resting metabolic rate
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- SCFA, short chain fatty acid
- SEE, sleep energy expenditure
- TDEE, total daily energy expenditure
- TEF, thermic effect of food
- VAS, visual analog scale
- VCH4, volume of methane produced
- VCO2, volume of carbon dioxide produced
- VO2, volume of oxygen consume
- npRQ, non-protein RQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Corbin
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elvis A. Carnero
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Bock
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rita Emerson
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew K. Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Taylor Davis
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zehra Esra Ilhan
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Steven R. Smith
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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Grundy MM, Momanyi DK, Holland C, Kawaka F, Tan S, Salim M, Boyd BJ, Bajka B, Mulet-Cabero AI, Bishop J, Owino WO. Effects of grain source and processing methods on the nutritional profile and digestibility of grain amaranth. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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40
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Interaction of bread and berry polyphenols affects starch digestibility and polyphenols bio-accessibility. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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41
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Bo S, Fadda M, Fedele D, Pellegrini M, Ghigo E, Pellegrini N. A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1161. [PMID: 32331288 PMCID: PMC7231187 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mass media has increasingly frequently suggested to the general population that specific foods or nutritional schemes are able to affect both human metabolism and energy expenditure, thus facilitating weight loss. This critical review is aimed at assessing available evidence on the roles of nutrients, food and dietary regimens in energy intake and energy expenditure. We queried the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASEand the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and a search strategy was performed by using database-specific subject headings and keywords. We found that available scientific evidence on these topics is scarce, and that the limited number of available studies often have poor methodological quality. Only a few foods show beneficial effects on metabolism and energy expenditure, as the human energy balance is complex and multifactorial. Finally, microbiota may interfere with the intake, use and expenditure of energy in the human body. Conclusive evidence is still lacking, and, at present, it is not possible to identify a food or a diet with a significant impact on human energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Maurizio Fadda
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (D.F.)
| | - Debora Fedele
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (D.F.)
| | - Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
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Pellegrini N, Vittadini E, Fogliano V. Designing food structure to slow down digestion in starch-rich products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Coe
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
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44
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Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons-Basic Principles for Bioremediation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040856. [PMID: 32075198 PMCID: PMC7070569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude oil-derived hydrocarbons constitute the largest group of environmental pollutants worldwide. The number of reports concerning their toxicity and emphasizing the ultimate need to remove them from marine and soil environments confirms the unceasing interest of scientists in this field. Among the various techniques used for clean-up actions, bioremediation seems to be the most acceptable and economically justified. Analysis of recent reports regarding unsuccessful bioremediation attempts indicates that there is a need to highlight the fundamental aspects of hydrocarbon microbiology in a clear and concise manner. Therefore, in this review, we would like to elucidate some crucial, but often overlooked, factors. First, the formation of crude oil and abundance of naturally occurring hydrocarbons is presented and compared with bacterial ability to not only survive but also to utilize such compounds as an attractive energy source. Then, the significance of nutrient limitation on biomass growth is underlined on the example of a specially designed experiment and discussed in context of bioremediation efficiency. Next, the formation of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as well as the role of surfactants for maintaining appropriate C:N:P ratio during initial stages of biodegradation is explained. Finally, a summary of recent scientific reports focused on the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants using bioaugmentation, biostimulation and introduction of surfactants, as well as biosurfactants, is presented. This review was designed to be a comprehensive source of knowledge regarding the unique aspects of hydrocarbon microbiology that may be useful for planning future biodegradation experiments. In addition, it is a starting point for wider debate regarding the limitations and possible improvements of currently employed bioremediation strategies.
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45
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Screening the impact of food co-digestion on lipolysis under sub-optimal intestinal conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Weegels PL. The Future of Bread in View of its Contribution to Nutrient Intake as a Starchy Staple Food. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:1-9. [PMID: 30637605 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing, ageing, more urbanized and more sedentary global population urges for increased, more nutritious and more secure food supply. To combat undernutrition, adequate nutrient intake is required. Staple foods, especially starch based ones, like (pseudo)cereals, roots and tubers, are by definition contributing for a very large extent to our nutrient intake. It is important therefore that the contribution of ready to consume staple foods to the recommended intakes of nutrients are compared. This can be done in a transparent and simple way by calculating the nutrient contribution of ready to eat staple foods to the recommended daily allowances (RDA) or daily reference intakes (DRI). By using online nutrition tables from the USA and Europe, and DRI by USA and RDA by European food authorities, the potential nutrient contributions of staple foods were calculated. It can be concluded that consumption of ready to eat staple foods from the bread category and lentils overall contribute most to the recommended nutrient intakes. In view of its convenience, bread, especially whole grain bread is the staple food of choice to combat the future food supply challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Weegels
- European Bakery Innovation Centre, Rietgorsweg 1-3, 3356 LJ, Papendrecht, The Netherlands.
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47
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Capuano E, Pellegrini N. An integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:493-498. [PMID: 30066376 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The true bioavailability of a nutrient being intrinsically coupled to the specific food matrix in which it occurs remains poorly considered in nutrition science. During digestion, the food matrix and, in particular, the structure of food modulate the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption. In this perspective, we describe an integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. Based on this integrated look, cell wall integrity and the particle size of the plant material during its transit in the small intestine determine the bioavailability of plant nutrients; in turn, cell wall integrity and particle size are determined by the level of oral processing and, accordingly, what subsequently escapes digestion in the upper intestine and is utilized by colon microbiota. Ultimately, the effect on nutrient digestion is linked to food structure through each step of digestion. A consideration of the structure rather than just the composition of foods opens up possibilities for the design of healthier foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Wang X, Chen D, Li Y, Zhao S, Chen C, Ning D. Alleviating effects of walnut green husk extract on disorders of lipid levels and gut bacteria flora in high fat diet-induced obesity rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zahir M, Fogliano V, Capuano E. Food matrix and processing modulate in vitro protein digestibility in soybeans. Food Funct 2018; 9:6326-6336. [PMID: 30421778 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans represent the largest source of plant proteins on the planet but their proteins are associated with low digestibility. Although several studies addressed the limiting factors affecting the rate and extent of soy protein digestion, the net effect of the food matrix, especially of an intact cell wall, has been poorly investigated so far. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the cell matrix and protein hydrolysis during simulated in vitro digestion of soybean particles of different sizes prepared from unheated and boiled cotyledons. In addition, intact cells were isolated from unheated and autoclaved cotyledons and then digested with and without lipase inhibitors to understand the impact of an intact cell wall and the presence of oil bodies on soybean protein digestibility. Protein digestibility was the highest in the particles prepared after boiling of previously milled cotyledons compared to particles of the same size obtained by milling previously cooked cotyledons as well as of uncooked cotyledons. Protein digestibility in isolated intact cells was lower than that of extracted proteins regardless of the thermal load applied whereas inhibition of pancreatic lipase reduces protein digestibility only slightly. The data indicated that the cell wall could contribute to limit protein digestion in soybean tissues; however, it is not an absolute barrier to pancreatic proteases. An accurate design of the milling and cooking process could be instrumental to modulate the digestion kinetics of soybean proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zahir
- Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Aguilera JM. The food matrix: implications in processing, nutrition and health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3612-3629. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1502743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Aguilera
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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