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Yang L, Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM. The Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework: update on the evidence, guidelines, and future research priorities. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02748-x. [PMID: 38926526 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We proposed the Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework in 2007 to help organise, focus, and stimulate research on physical activity in eight cancer control categories: prevention, detection, treatment preparation/coping, treatment coping/effectiveness, recovery/rehabilitation, disease prevention/health promotion, palliation, and survival. METHODS This perspective paper provides a high-level overview of the scientific advances in physical activity research across cancer control categories, summarises current guidelines, updates the PACC framework, identifies remaining and emerging knowledge gaps, and provides future research directions. RESULTS Many scientific advances have been made that are reflected in updated physical activity guidelines for six of the cancer control categories apart from detection and palliation. Nevertheless, the minimal and optimal type, dose, and timing of physical activity across cancer control categories remain unknown, especially for the understudied population subgroups defined by cancer type, age, race/ethnicity, and resource level of regions/countries. CONCLUSION To achieve the full benefit of physical activity in cancer control, future research should use innovative study designs that include diverse at-risk populations and understudied cancer sites. Additionally, effective behaviour change strategies are needed to increase physical activity levels across populations that use implementation science to accelerate the translation from evidence generation into practical, real-world interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Hoxha I, Sadiku F, Hoxha L, Nasim M, Christine Buteau MA, Grezda K, Chamberlin MD. Breast Cancer and Lifestyle Factors: Umbrella Review. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:137-170. [PMID: 37635047 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors play a major role in the risk of breast cancer. This review aimed to examine the size of the effect of select lifestyle factors on risk for breast cancer and assess the quality of existing evidence. The authors performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews. The authors found an increased risk for breast cancer associated with obesity, alcohol intake, and smoking and a decreased risk due to physical activity. The evidence for sleep disruption and duration indicates risk for breast cancer, but it is limited in size, statistical significance, and quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Hoxha
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo; Heimerer College, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | | | - Lot Hoxha
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Midhet Nasim
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Mother and Child Health Project, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mary D Chamberlin
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Lum M, Grady A, Wolfenden L, Lecathelinais C, Lin Yoong S. Implementation of healthy eating and physical activity practices in Australian early childhood education and care services: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102455. [PMID: 37840588 PMCID: PMC10571023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The monitoring of healthy eating and physical activity environments is recommended to support population health. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are a key setting to deliver obesity prevention strategies as they reach the majority of children aged under five years and have existing supporting infrastructure. Objectives The aim of this study was to i) describe the prevalence of implementation of evidence-based healthy eating and physical activity practices in an Australian sample of ECEC services, and ii) examine associations between implementation of practices and service characteristics. Methods A random sample of 2,100 centre-based ECEC services across Australia were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey online or via telephone (August 2021-April 2022). Service characteristics and implementation of 18 evidence-based healthy eating and physical activity practices were assessed. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 1,028 (51.8%) eligible services participated. The healthy eating and physical activity practices with the lowest prevalence of implementation were related to encouraging children to consume age-appropriate beverages (17.9%) and providing families with child physical activity education via workshops or meetings (14.6%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the implementation of healthy eating practices by service characteristics, with long day care services implementing significantly more practices than preschools (p < 0.01). Conclusion There is room to improve the implementation of evidence-based healthy eating and physical activity practices ECEC services. Implementation efforts should be directed towards preschools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lum
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
| | - Alice Grady
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
| | - Christophe Lecathelinais
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend NSW 2287 Australia
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Zalewska A, Gałczyk M, Mierzejewska A. Fatigue and physical activity levels in poles living in Poland and the United Kingdom in the further year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2260. [PMID: 37974181 PMCID: PMC10655265 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the prevalence of fatigue and level of physical activity, as well as the relationship between fatigue and physical activity among Poles living in Poland and the United Kingdom (UK) in the further year in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A web-based online survey was conducted among Poles living permanently in Poland and the UK in January 2023. Responses were obtained from 200 respondents aged 18-69 years. The level of fatigue was assessed by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS The median for the total fatigue score was equal to 17 points out of a possible 105. 13.5% of the subjects had a low level of physical activity, the average MET for high-intensity activity was 1294.55 METs, for moderate activity 714.44 METs, and for walking 631 METs. As age and number of COVID-19 cases increased, scores on the MFIS questionnaire scale also increased. With an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, high-intensity MET scores decreased. CONCLUSIONS The level of fatigue, in contrast to the level of physical activity, was low in the study population. There were few statistically significant differences in fatigue between people living in Poland and the UK. Further experimental studies on the physiological mechanism of differences in fatigue and physical activity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zalewska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 14 Akademicka St, Lomza, 18-400, Poland.
| | - Monika Gałczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 14 Akademicka St, Lomza, 18-400, Poland
| | - Aneta Mierzejewska
- Department of Psychology, Apsley Business School London, 2 Apsley House, 176 Upper Richmond Road, SW15 2SH, London, UK
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Aburto TC, Romieu I, Stern MC, Barquera S, Corvalán C, Hallal PC, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Barnoya J, Cavalcante TM, Canelo-Aybar C, Santero M, Feliu A, Espina C, Rivera JA. Latin American and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Weight, physical activity, diet, breastfeeding, and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 86 Suppl 1:102436. [PMID: 37852731 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In Latin America and the Caribbean a considerable proportion of the population have excess body weight, do not meet the recommendations of physical activity and healthy diet, and have suboptimal rates of breastfeeding. Excess body weight is associated with at least 15 cancer sites, physical activity protects against three cancers, with some evidence suggesting a protective effect for eight more cancer sites, and sedentary behavior probably increases the risk of five cancer sites. Fiber and wholegrains protect against colorectal cancer, high intake of fruits and vegetables could reduce the risk of aerodigestive cancers; processed and red meat increase the risk of colorectal cancer; and very hot beverages are associated with esophageal cancer. Moreover, sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods are a convincing cause for excess body weight, increasing cancer risk through this pathway, with some emerging evidence suggesting also direct pathways. Breastfeeding protects against breast cancer, and could protect against ovarian cancer. Taking this evidence into account, the Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer recommends the general public to maintain a healthy body weight, be physically active and limit sedentary behavior, eat a healthy diet (eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains and legumes; avoid sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meat; and limit ultra-processed foods, red meat and very hot beverages), and breastfeed. Moreover, the Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer also includes a set of public policy recommendations for cancer prevention to inform policy makers and civil society about the need of policies to shape healthy environments and create opportunities to facilitate the adoption of the recommendations directed to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania C Aburto
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 90033 Los Angeles, United States
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Luz M Reynales-Shigematsu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Barnoya
- Research Department, Integra Cancer Institute, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, United States
| | - Tania M Cavalcante
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva, Secretaria Executiva da Comissão Nacional para a Implementação da Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilina Santero
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Feliu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07 France
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07 France
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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Orlow R, Herbella FAM, Katayama RC, Patti MG. Insights into the Paradox of the Weak Association Between Sleeve Gastrectomy and Barrett's Esophagus. Obes Surg 2023:10.1007/s11695-023-06599-y. [PMID: 37059866 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is deemed a refluxogenic operation but with a low incidence of postoperative Barrett´s esophagus (BE). We aimed to shed some light on the potential paradox of the weak association between SG, BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The high incidence of GERD after SG is not followed by an increased rate of BE and EAC, as these rates are similar to the general population. We hypothesized that this paradox may occur due to a difference in the gastro-esophageal reflux composition secondary to a lower content of bile, to a decrease in inflammation due to weight loss and hormonal changes, and to acquisition of healthier habits such as exercise, smoking cessation, and better eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Orlow
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Diogo de Faria 1087 cj 301, Sao Paulo, SP, 04037-003, Brazil
| | - Fernando A M Herbella
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Diogo de Faria 1087 cj 301, Sao Paulo, SP, 04037-003, Brazil.
| | - Rafael C Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Diogo de Faria 1087 cj 301, Sao Paulo, SP, 04037-003, Brazil
| | - Marco G Patti
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Kastrinos F, Kupfer SS, Gupta S. Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment and Precision Approaches to Screening: Brave New World or Worlds Apart? Gastroenterology 2023; 164:812-827. [PMID: 36841490 PMCID: PMC10370261 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Current colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations take a "one-size-fits-all" approach using age as the major criterion to initiate screening. Precision screening that incorporates factors beyond age to risk stratify individuals could improve on current approaches and optimally use available resources with benefits for patients, providers, and health care systems. Prediction models could identify high-risk groups who would benefit from more intensive screening, while low-risk groups could be recommended less intensive screening incorporating noninvasive screening modalities. In addition to age, prediction models incorporate well-established risk factors such as genetics (eg, family CRC history, germline, and polygenic risk scores), lifestyle (eg, smoking, alcohol, diet, and physical inactivity), sex, and race and ethnicity among others. Although several risk prediction models have been validated, few have been systematically studied for risk-adapted population CRC screening. In order to envisage clinical implementation of precision screening in the future, it will be critical to develop reliable and accurate prediction models that apply to all individuals in a population; prospectively study risk-adapted CRC screening on the population level; garner acceptance from patients and providers; and assess feasibility, resources, cost, and cost-effectiveness of these new paradigms. This review evaluates the current state of risk prediction modeling and provides a roadmap for future implementation of precision CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Kastrinos
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center and Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Christopoulos P, Matsas A, Eleftheriades M, Kotsira G, Eleftheriades A, Vlahos NF. Investigating the Link between Early Life and Breast Anomalies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030601. [PMID: 36980159 PMCID: PMC10047184 DOI: 10.3390/children10030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Several factors during childhood and adolescence are thought to be associated with the development of proliferative benign breast diseases and breast cancer in adulthood. In order to identify them, the authors conducted an extensive review of the literature up to October 2022, searching for clinical studies, reports, and guidelines in English. A thorough Medline/Pubmed and Google scholar database research was performed, investigating the link between diet, exercise, age of menarche, body mass index, ionizing radiation exposure during childhood and adolescence, and proliferative breast diseases and breast cancer in adulthood. A list of keywords, including breast disorders, adolescence, childhood, and breast cancer was included in our search algorithm. Numerous studies concede that the development of breast disease in adulthood is influenced by various risk factors, whose influence begins during early childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Christopoulos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Alkis Matsas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kotsira
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Christopher CN, Matthews CE, Saint-Maurice PF, Keadle SK. Impact of Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity Trajectories on Colon Cancer Risk over the Adult Life Course. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:30-36. [PMID: 36306403 PMCID: PMC9839573 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reduces colon cancer risk; however, it is unclear how the timing of MVPA throughout the adult life course impacts colon cancer risk. We evaluated whether maintenance and changes in MVPA levels over time are associated with colon cancer risk. METHODS We assessed 293,198 adults ages 50 to 71 years in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Participants completed baseline health and physical activity questionnaires between 1995 and 1997 and were followed through 2011, (average follow-up of 13.1 years). There were 5,072 colon cancer cases over the study period. Using latent class trajectory models, we identified seven distinct MVPA trajectories across the adult life course (15-18, 19-29, 30-35, and past 10-years) and ran Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Compared with those who maintained low MVPA levels, those who maintained high and moderate levels of MVPA had a lower risk of colon cancer [HR, 0.85; confidence interval (CI), 0.78-0.93; HR = 0.87; CI, 0.76-1.00)], and those who increased MVPA levels early and later during adulthood had a lower colon cancer risk (HR, 0.90; CI, 0.80-1.01) and (HR, 0.92; CI, 0.80-1.06), respectively. Those who decreased MVPA early in adulthood had an increased risk of colon cancer (HR, 1.12; CI, 1.02-1.23). These associations were stronger in adults ages <65 years at baseline and in men (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Consistent participation in MVPA throughout life may reduce colon cancer risk. IMPACT These findings emphasize that engaging in MVPA throughout adulthood lowers risk of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cami N. Christopher
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA,Department of Population Health Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Charles E. Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Sarah Kozey Keadle
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA
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Feletto E, Kohar A, Mizrahi D, Grogan P, Steinberg J, Hughes C, Watson WL, Canfell K, Yu XQ. An ecological study of obesity-related cancer incidence trends in Australia from 1983 to 2017. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 29:100575. [PMID: 36106135 PMCID: PMC9465341 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity is a growing public health issue as it contributes to the future burden of obesity-related diseases, including cancer, especially in high-income countries. In Australia, 4.3% of all cancers diagnosed in 2013 were attributable to overweight and obesity. Our aim was to examine Australian age-specific incidence trends over the last 35 years for obesity-related cancers based on expert review (colorectal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, breast in postmenopausal women, uterine, ovary, kidney, thyroid, and multiple myeloma) individually and pooled. METHODS Australian incidence data for 10 obesity-related cancers among people aged 25-84 years, diagnosed from 1983 to 2017, were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database. We used age-period-cohort modelling and joinpoint analysis to assess trends, estimating incidence rate ratios (IRR) by birth-cohort for each individual cancer and pooled, and the annual percentage change. The analyses were also conducted for non-obesity-related cancers over the same period. FINDINGS The total number of cancers where some proportion is obesity-related, diagnosed from 1983-2017, was 1,005,933. This grouping was 34.7% of cancers diagnosed. The IRR of obesity-related cancers increased from 0.77 (95% CI 0.73, 0.81) for the 1903 birth-cohort to 2.95 (95% CI 2.58, 3.38) for the recent 1988 cohort relative to the 1943 cohort. The IRRs of non-obesity related cancers were stable with non-significant decreases in younger cohorts. These trends were broadly similar across sex and age groups. INTERPRETATION The incidence of obesity-related cancers in Australia has increased by birth-cohort across all age-groups, which should be monitored. Obesity, a public health epidemic, needs to be addressed through increased awareness, policy support and evidence-based interventions. FUNDING This research received no specific funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Feletto
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Ankur Kohar
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - David Mizrahi
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Grogan
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Hughes
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy L. Watson
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
| | - Xue Qin Yu
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Australia
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11
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Bucy AM, Valencia CI, Howe CL, Larkin TJ, Conard KD, Anderlik EW, Valdivi SI, Bea JW. Physical Activity in Young BRCA Carriers and Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:837-845. [PMID: 35738959 PMCID: PMC9900869 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A systematic literature review was conducted to determine whether physical activity levels during adolescent and young adult years were associated with a reduced lifetime risk of breast cancer among carriers of deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. METHODS Ovid/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, WOS, and CINAHL were searched for articles including information about adolescent and young adult physical activity and breast cancer incidence among women carrying deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations (search was initiated in October 2019; last update and full analyses were in March 2021). Independent reviewers screened articles at the title/abstract and full-text levels, resolving differences by consensus with lead authors. The NIH Quality Assessment Tools were used to assess sources of bias. RESULTS A total of 1,957 unique articles were identified; 5 met inclusion criteria. Samples size ranged from 68 to 1,185. All studies relied on self-reported adolescent and young adult physical activity. One study measured sports involvement; the others measured recreational activity. One large study was null, whereas 4 others showed a reduction in breast cancer incidence later in life with higher adolescent and young adult physical activity (p≤0.05). However, the protection was limited to premenopausal breast cancer in 1 of the studies (OR=0.62; 95% CI=0.40, 0.96; p-trend=0.01). In addition, adolescent and young adult physical activity was associated with older age at breast cancer diagnosis in 1 study (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS A limited number of studies suggest that adolescent and young adult physical activity may reduce or delay the risk of breast cancer incidence among carriers of deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bucy
- Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Celina I Valencia
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Carol L Howe
- Health Sciences Library, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tyler J Larkin
- Department of Counseling & Educational Psychology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kelly D Conard
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Sarah I Valdivi
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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12
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Kong Y, Zhuo L, Dong D, Zhuo L, Lou P, Cai T, Chen S, Pan J, Gao Y, Lu H, Ma Y, Dong Z, Luo X, Zhao H. Validation of the Asia-Pacific colorectal screening score and its modified versions in predicting colorectal advanced neoplasia in Chinese population. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:961. [PMID: 36071414 PMCID: PMC9450334 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Several studies suggest using the Asia-Pacific colorectal screening (APCS) score and its modified versions to select high-risk populations for early colonoscopy, but external validation remains rare, and which score should be selected for CRC screening in China is unclear. Validation of multiple scores in the same population might help to choose the best performing score. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study under the framework of Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, data from asymptomatic colorectal cancer screening in Xuzhou was used to validate the APCS score, the colorectal neoplasia predict (CNP) score, the Korean colorectal screening (KCS) score, the Modified APCS score and the 8-point risk score in predicting colorectal advanced neoplasia (CAN). Results 1804 subjects were included in the analysis and 112 CAN (6.21%) was detected. In each score, the detection rate of CAN was higher in the high-risk group than in the non-high-risk group (P < 0.05), and the RR (95%C.I.) ranged 2.20 (1.50–3.22) [8-point risk] to 4.00 (2.41–6.65) [Modified APCS]. The c-statistics (95%C.I.) of the scoring systems ranged from 0.58 (0.53–0.62) [8-point risk] to 0.65 (0.61–0.69) [KCS]. The sensitivity (95%C.I.) of these systems ranged from 31.25 (22.83–40.70) [8-point risk] to 84.82 (76.81–90.90) [Modified APCS], while the specificity (95%C.I.) ranged from 43.50 (41.12–45.90) [Modified APCS] to 83.81 (81.96–85.53) [8-point risk]. Using the APCS scoring system as a comparator, the net reclassification improvement (NRI) of each modified version ranged from − 10.34% (95%C.I.: − 22.63 to 1.95%) [8-point risk] to 4.79% (95%C.I.: − 1.50% to 11.08) [KCS]. The colonoscopy resource load (95%C.I.) ranged from 9 [1–3] [8-point risk] to 11 [3–5] [APCS and Modified APCS]. Conclusions The APCS score and its modified versions have certain ability to predict the risk of advanced neoplasia and reduce the resource load. The modified APCS score and the KCS score seemed the preferable systems to classify high risk subjects based on its high RR, sensitivity and predictive ability in the selected population. Future research could focus on adding risk factors or combining with laboratory test results to improve the predictive power of the scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Kong
- Cancer Prevention office, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Huancheng Road 131, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Endocrinology and metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Cancer Prevention office, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Huancheng Road 131, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lang Zhuo
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road 209, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peian Lou
- Department of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ting Cai
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Siting Chen
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Jianqiang Pan
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Yihuan Gao
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Tong Shan Road 209, Yunlong District, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Cancer Prevention office, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Huancheng Road 131, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongmei Dong
- Department of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- Toxicology Lab, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
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13
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Executive Summary of the Uterine Cancer Evidence Review Conference. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 139:626-643. [PMID: 35272316 PMCID: PMC8936160 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for uterine cancer prevention, diagnosis, and special issues from the Uterine Cancer Evidence Review Conference is summarized. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognized the need for educational materials for clinicians on the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecologic cancers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists convened a panel of experts in evidence review from the Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology and content experts from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology to review relevant literature, best practices, and existing practice guidelines as a first step toward developing evidence-based educational materials for women's health care clinicians about uterine cancer. Panel members conducted structured literature reviews, which were then reviewed by other panel members and discussed at a virtual meeting of stakeholder professional and patient advocacy organizations in January 2021. This article is the evidence summary of the relevant literature and existing recommendations to guide clinicians in the prevention, early diagnosis, and special considerations of uterine cancer. Substantive knowledge gaps are noted and summarized to provide guidance for future research.
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14
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Interventions to Improve Child Physical Activity in the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: An Umbrella Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041963. [PMID: 35206152 PMCID: PMC8872396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are a key setting to support improvements in the physical activity of young children. This umbrella review gathered and synthesised systematic review evidence of the effectiveness of interventions in the ECEC setting on the physical activity levels of children aged 0-6. We also mapped the current evidence to the existing ECEC sector-specific physical activity practice recommendations. Five electronic databases were searched to identify systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of any ECEC-based interventions on the physical activity levels (e.g., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total physical activity) of children aged 0-6. One reviewer extracted data on intervention effectiveness and quality of the reviews, checked by a second reviewer. Ten reviews were included. Overall, the majority of the reviews found interventions delivered in ECEC improved child physical activity. Across reviews, the impact of six intervention strategies were identified, mapped to four (of eight) broad recommendations (i.e., providing opportunity, offering educator training, educators promoting the benefits of physical activity, creating a physical activity-promoting environment). The impact of the majority of recommendations, however, did not have systematic review evidence. Further investigation of the effectiveness of ECEC-based physical activity strategies is required to demonstrate support for the existing recommended practices.
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15
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Renman D, Gylling B, Vidman L, Bodén S, Strigård K, Palmqvist R, Harlid S, Gunnarsson U, van Guelpen B. Density of CD3 + and CD8 + Cells in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer according to Prediagnostic Physical Activity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2317-2326. [PMID: 34607838 PMCID: PMC9398178 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated not only with a decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer but also with improved survival. One putative mechanism is the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Experimental findings suggest that physical activity may mobilize immune cells to the tumor. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical activity prior to colorectal cancer diagnosis are associated with higher densities of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS The study setting was a northern Swedish population-based cohort, including 109,792 participants with prospectively collected health- and lifestyle-related data. For 592 participants who later developed colorectal cancer, archival tumor tissue samples were used to assess the density of CD3+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by IHC. Odds ratios for associations between self-reported, prediagnostic recreational physical activity and immune cell infiltration were estimated by ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Recreational physical activity >3 times per week was associated with a higher density of CD8+ T cells in the tumor front and center compared with participants reporting no recreational physical activity. Odds ratios were 2.77 (95% CI, 1.21-6.35) and 2.85 (95% CI, 1.28-6.33) for the tumor front and center, respectively, after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor stage. The risk estimates were consistent after additional adjustment for several potential confounders. For CD3, no clear associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may promote the infiltration of CD8+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. IMPACT The study provides some evidence on how physical activity may alter the prognosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renman
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: David Renman, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 46-61184149; E-mail:
| | - Björn Gylling
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Bodén
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Renner-Sattler K, Klimont J, Hackl M, Burtscher M. Moderate Altitude Residence Reduces Male Colorectal and Female Breast Cancer Mortality More Than Incidence: Therapeutic Implications? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174420. [PMID: 34503229 PMCID: PMC8430507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living at moderate altitude may be associated with health benefits, including reduced mortality from male colorectal and female breast cancer. We aimed to determine altitude-dependent incidence and mortality rates of those cancers and put them in the context of altitude-associated lifestyle differences. METHODS Incidence cases and deaths of male colorectal cancer (n = 17,712 and 7462) and female breast cancer (n = 33,803 and 9147) from altitude categories between 250 to about 2000 m were extracted from official Austrian registries across 10 years (2008-2017). Altitude-associated differences in health determinants were derived from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (2014). RESULTS The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of male colorectal cancer decreased by 24.0% and 44.2%, and that of female breast cancer by 6.5% and 26.2%, respectively, from the lowest to the highest altitude level. Higher physical activity levels and lower body mass index for both sexes living at higher altitudes were found. CONCLUSIONS Living at a moderate altitude was associated with a reduced incidence and (more pronounced) mortality from colorectal and breast cancer. Our results suggest a complex interaction between specific climate conditions and lifestyle behaviours. These observations may, in certain cases, support decision making when changing residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.B.); (G.P.M.)
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.B.); (G.P.M.)
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeannette Klimont
- Unit Demography and Health, Directorate Social Statistics, Statistics Austria, 1110 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Monika Hackl
- Austrian National Cancer Registry, Directorate Social Statistics, Statistics Austria, 1110 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Kunutsor SK, Voutilainen A, Laukkanen JA. Cardiorespiratory fitness is not associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer: A cohort study and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13545. [PMID: 33763858 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has a strong inverse relationship with several chronic disease outcomes, including some cancers. The association between CRF and prostate cancer is controversial. We aimed to assess the prospective association of CRF with prostate cancer risk using a cohort study and review of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyser during exercise testing in 2204 cancer-free middle-aged men. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated. We corrected for within-person variability in CRF levels using repeat measurements. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 24.9 years, 216 prostate cancer cases occurred. The age-adjusted regression dilution ratio of CRF was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53-0.64). The HR (95% CI) of prostate cancer per 1 standard deviation increase in CRF in age-adjusted analysis was 1.10 (0.95-1.27). The association remained consistent after further adjustment for several risk factors (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.96-1.33). The corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.87-1.77) and 1.28 (95% CI: 0.87-1.88), respectively, when comparing the extreme tertiles of CRF levels. Previous studies mostly reported no evidence of an association or an increased risk of prostate cancer in relation to high CRF. Studies reporting positive associations had short-term follow-up durations (<10 years). CONCLUSIONS Primary data and a review of previous studies suggest that elevated CRF is not associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. Previous findings of significant evidence of associations could be attributed to increased screening and detection as well as reverse causation bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Houghton SC, Hankinson SE. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:822-844. [PMID: 33947744 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serena C Houghton
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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19
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Farah BQ, do Prado WL, Malik N, Lofrano-Prado MC, de Melo PH, Botero JP, Cucato GG, de Almeida Correia M, Ritti-Dias RM. Barriers to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: a cross-sectional study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 17:441-447. [PMID: 33815618 PMCID: PMC7998080 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced physical activity levels in both men and women. The identification of barriers to physical activity may assist in developing strategies to increase levels of physical activity during this pandemic. The study aim was identify the barriers to regular participation in physical during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study included 1570 [56.6% women; aged: 39.1 (37.7–40.7) years old] in social isolation due COVID-19. Barriers to physical activity were obtained using the validated questionnaires. “Laziness and fatigue” (50.2%), “lack of motivation” (31.2%), “lack of appropriate facilities/equipment/space” (17.4%), and “lack of time” (13.0%) were the barriers most prevalent in the study. Lack of motivation (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.19–1.86) and lack of appropriate facilities/equipment/space (OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.57–2.83) were most associated with impacting physical activity levels due to the COVID-19, independent of sex, age, education level, days of social isolation and status weight. In conclusion, personal barriers to physical activity are common between both sexes, with lack of motivation and lack of appropriate facilities/equipment/space most associated with a decreased level of physical activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Quintella Farah
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900 Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz do Prado
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Neal Malik
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA USA
| | | | - Paulo Henrique de Melo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Botero
- Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Graduation Program, Sao Paulo Federal University, Santos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriel Grizzo Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
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Lee J, Lee J, Lee D, Kim H, Kang M. Sedentary work and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12239. [PMID: 34161650 PMCID: PMC8221371 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess sedentary work's contribution to breast cancer risk quantitatively using thorough research articles. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis using a registered protocol in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020204629). Literature from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane involving sedentary work and breast cancer risk was reviewed. We calculated the overall pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CI with a random-effect model from the included studies. Furthermore, we performed stratified analyses by characteristics of studies. RESULTS Thirty-one studies (13 cohort studies and 18 case-control studies) were included in the analysis. The overall effect of the pooled analysis was an RR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.08-1.23). The results were 1.20 (95% CI 1.10-1.30) and 1.12 (95% CI 1.02-1.23) for cohort and case-control studies. The effect of sedentary work did not seem to be consistently attenuated by controlling body mass index, menopausal status, or experience of hormone replacement therapy. CONCLUSION The results from this meta-analysis suggest that sedentary behavior within the occupational domain was associated with a 15.5% increased risk of breast cancer. It is essential to reduce the sedentary time spent at work and to secure time for leisure-time physical activity among sedentary workers as a primary preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineSeoul St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - JaeYong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineSeoul St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyoung‐Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineSeoul St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Mo‐Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineSeoul St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Deep frying cooking oils promote the high risk of metastases in the breast-A critical review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111648. [PMID: 32745572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep-frying is the most common food preparation method, manifestations of color, taste, flavor, and fried consistency. The beneficial role of vegetable oils become deteriorate when repeatedly treated with higher temperature and air. Repeatedly heated cooking oils (RCO) produce various byproducts, containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aldehydes, well-known to be a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and tumorigenic properties. RCO is nowadays one of the often consumed media for cooking and frying, which intake can cause various unhealthy adverse effects including various cancer in the multiple organs. Hence, the present comprehensive study targets to provide the intake of RCO elevate the risks of human breast cancer. The data on RCO and its impacts were obtained via various electronic findings and library databases. Notable studies have confirmed that the effects of RCO have been attributed to their unfavorable effects, and underlying molecular mechanisms can also strongly promoting tumorigenic effects in the mammary organ.
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Betancourt JA, Stigler Granados P, Pacheco GJ, Shanmugam R, Kruse CS, Fulton LV. Obesity and Morbidity Risk in the U.S. Veteran. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030191. [PMID: 32610637 PMCID: PMC7551346 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic in the United States has been well documented and serves as the basis for a number of health interventions across the nation. However, those who have served in the U.S. military (Veteran population) suffer from obesity in higher numbers and have an overall disproportionate poorer health status when compared to the health of the older non-Veteran population in the U.S. which may further compound their overall health risk. This study examined both the commonalities and the differences in obesity rates and the associated co-morbidities among the U.S. Veteran population, utilizing data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). These data are considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to be the nation’s best source for health-related survey data, and the 2018 version includes 437,467 observations. Study findings show not only a significantly higher risk of obesity in the U.S. Veteran population, but also a significantly higher level (higher odds ratio) of the associated co-morbidities when compared to non-Veterans, including coronary heart disease (CHD) or angina (odds ratio (OR) = 2.63); stroke (OR = 1.86); skin cancer (OR = 2.18); other cancers (OR = 1.73); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 1.52), emphysema, or chronic bronchitis; arthritis (OR = 1.52), rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia; depressive disorders (OR = 0.84), and diabetes (OR = 1.61) at the 0.95 confidence interval level.
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Yang JR, Hidayat K, Chen CL, Li YH, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Body mass index, waist circumference, and risk of hearing loss: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational study. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:25. [PMID: 32590951 PMCID: PMC7320546 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence implicates excess weight as a potential risk factor for hearing loss. However, this association remained inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to systematically and quantitatively review the published observational study on the association between body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) and hearing loss. METHODS The odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled under a random-effects model. Fourteen observational studies were eligible for the inclusion in the final analysis. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies, the ORs for prevalent hearing loss were 1.10 (95% CI 0.88, 1.38) underweight, 1.14 (95% CI 0.99, 1.32) for overweight, OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.14, 1.72) for obesity, 1.14 (95% CI 1.04, 1.24) for each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and 1.22 (95% CO 0.88. 1.68) for higher WC. In the meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, the RRs were 0.96 (95% CI 0.52, 1.79) for underweight, 1.15 (95% CI 1.04, 1.27) for overweight, 1.38 (95% CI 1.07, 1.79) for obesity, 1.15 (95% CI 1.01, 1.30) for each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and 1.11 (95% CI 1.01, 1.22) for higher WC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings add weight to the evidence that elevated BMI and higher WC may be positively associated with the risk of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Rong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Khemayanto Hidayat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cai-Long Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Emerenziani S, Pier Luca Guarino M, Trillo Asensio LM, Altomare A, Ribolsi M, Balestrieri P, Cicala M. Role of Overweight and Obesity in Gastrointestinal Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010111. [PMID: 31906216 PMCID: PMC7019431 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a severe impairment of overall health. Actually, obesity has been associated with several pathological conditions, causing an excess overall mortality. In particular, overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders i.e., functional GI disorders as well as, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, and GI cancer. The aim of the present review is to summarize the potential role of overweight and obesity in GI disease with particular focus on plausible biological mechanisms that could explain the association between obesity and GI disease based on the most recent evidence in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Emerenziani
- Correspondence: (S.E.); (L.M.T.A.); Tel.: +39-06225411690 (S.E. & L.M.T.A.)
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